1. The application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: Targeting tumor microenvironment
- Author
-
Xianqun Fan, Jipeng Li, Muyue Yang, and Ping Gu
- Subjects
MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells ,medicine.medical_treatment ,PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ,Cancer immunotherapy ,BTK, Bruton's tyrosine kinase ,02 engineering and technology ,CAFs, cancer associated fibroblasts ,CCL, chemoattractant chemokines ligand ,DSF/Cu, disulfiram/copper ,melittin-NP, melittin-lipid nanoparticle ,IFN-γ, interferon-γ ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha ,ANG2, angiopoietin-2 ,Hypoxia ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,cDCs, conventional dendritic cells ,TME, tumor microenvironment ,DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid ,HB-GFs, heparin-binding growth factors ,M2NP, M2-like TAM dual-targeting nanoparticle ,ECM, extracellular matrix ,IFP, interstitial fluid pressure ,HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor ,Tumor microenvironment ,PDT, photodynamic therapy ,Tregs, regulatory T cells ,tdLNs, tumor-draining lymph nodes ,0210 nano-technology ,Ab, antibodies ,BBB, blood-brain barrier ,DMMA, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydrid ,SA, sialic acid ,FDA, the Food and Drug Administration ,PS, photosensitizer ,Biomedical Engineering ,Ag, antigen ,Article ,PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1 ,Biomaterials ,TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages ,lcsh:TA401-492 ,FAP, fibroblast activation protein ,EPR, enhanced permeability and retention ,NPs, nanoparticles ,MPs, microparticles ,NO, nitric oxide ,Tumor therapy ,scFv, single-chain variable fragment ,medicine.disease ,IL, interleukin ,Radiation therapy ,siRNA, small interfering RNA ,Nanoparticles ,TDPA, tumor-derived protein antigens ,lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,HSA, human serum albumin ,RLX, relaxin-2 ,Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 ,PSCs, pancreatic stellate cells ,VDA, vasculature disrupting agent ,Photodynamic therapy ,CaCO3, calcium carbonate ,Metastasis ,AuNCs, gold nanocages ,CTLA4, cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 ,HPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide ,HA, hyaluronic acid ,TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 ,TGF-β, transforming growth factor β ,UPS-NP, ultra-pH-sensitive nanoparticle ,IBR, Ibrutinib ,MCMC, mannosylated carboxymethyl chitosan ,α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor ,TAAs, tumor-associated antigens ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,APCs, antigen-presenting cells ,Delivery system ,DCs, dendritic cells ,NF-κB, nuclear factor κB ,PHDs, prolyl hydroxylases ,EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition ,TLR, Toll-like receptor ,Biotechnology ,PFC, perfluorocarbon ,0206 medical engineering ,CAP, cleavable amphiphilic peptide ,SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ,TfR, transferrin receptor ,CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes ,ODN, oligodeoxynucleotides ,nMOFs, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,AuNPs, gold nanoparticles ,medicine ,EPG, egg phosphatidylglycerol ,CAR-T, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,AC-NPs, antigen-capturing nanoparticles ,TIE2, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 ,020601 biomedical engineering ,EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor ,LMWH, low molecular weight heparin ,PTX, paclitaxel ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Cancer research ,MnO2, manganese dioxide ,NK, nature killer ,sense organs ,business ,RBC, red-blood-cell - Abstract
The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted much attention in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the preliminary success of immunotherapeutic agents, their therapeutic effects have been restricted by the limited retention time of drugs in TME. Compared with traditional delivery systems, nanoparticles with unique physical properties and elaborate design can efficiently penetrate TME and specifically deliver to the major components in TME. In this review, we briefly introduce the substitutes of TME including dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, tumor-draining lymph nodes and hypoxic state, then review various nanoparticles targeting these components and their applications in tumor therapy. In addition, nanoparticles could be combined with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, however, the nanoplatform delivery system may not be effective in all types of tumors due to the heterogeneity of different tumors and individuals. The changes of TME at various stages during tumor development are required to be further elucidated so that more individualized nanoplatforms could be designed., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • In responsive to the changes in TME, nanoparticles target tumor microenvironment and enhance the therapeutic effect. • Nanoparticles modulate the activation and maturation of DC. • Nanoparticles could reprogram polarization of TAM and relieve hypoxia. • Nanoparticles could transfer the immunosuppressive TME to immunosupportive.
- Published
- 2021