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In studies within the sport for development (SFD) field, critical researchers often recognize that they are an intimate part of the production of knowledge. In particular, researchers adopting a postcolonial lens, and acting as an ethnographer, must consider the multiple "screens" they bring to a research setting, such as gender, sexuality, race, and class (Berger, 2015). In this paper, I discuss my own role as an intern-researcher, insider-outsider within a SFD organization during ethnographic fieldwork in Swaziland. Three detailed vignettes of my experience are offered to highlight the reflexive practices utilized in my research to navigate my role as both an intern and ethnographer. To conclude, the importance of reflexivity and further anthropological examinations in sociological studies of sport and SFD is discussed and emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We critically assess how the devolution of researcher care moderates knowledge development in organization studies. Defining researcher care as what scholars are concerned and passionate about, we consider the extent to which individual researchers lose their personal voice in researching organizations. This bounding of care by the research community is a reflection of the way that researchers knowingly alter their care in researching organizations to gain associated career and reputational benefits. We describe how the field's institutional logic for researching organizations enables this devolution to take hold and how larger institutional forces reinforce how it progressively moderates organizational knowledge. We offer preliminary suggestions for addressing the devolution of researcher care in organization studies and ameliorating its threat to knowledge development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop and test predictions about how demographic differences influence dyadic deference in multidisciplinary research teams, and how differential patterns of dyadic deference emerge to shape team-level effectiveness. We present a dual pathway model that recognizes that two distinct mechanisms--task contributions and social affinity-- account for how team members' demographic attributes contribute to deference. Furthermore, we propose that the extent to which these different mechanisms are prevalent in a team has implications for the team's research productivity, with deference based on social affinity detracting from it and deference based on task contributions enhancing it. Using longitudinal data from a sample of 55 multidisciplinary research teams comprising 619 scientists, we found general support for our conceptual model. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for multiple interpersonal mechanisms to understand the complex, multilevel nature of deference in teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: To address the underrepresentation of older adults in clinical research, the National Institutes of Health will require investigators to include individuals across the lifespan. As investigators from other fields endeavor to recruit participants who are more representative of the patient population, geriatricians may have the opportunity to influence a broad range of research studies in older adults. Our aims were to elicit challenges to inclusion of older adults in clinical research and to develop a preliminary framework for communicating these challenges to non–geriatrics‐trained researchers. Design: Communication framework development. Setting: Academic hospital and Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants: Nongeriatrician researchers and staff, aging research experts. Measurements: Interviews were used to elicit challenges nongeriatrician investigators and research staff experience when conducting research that includes older adults and then solicit experienced aging researchers' responses to these challenges. Results: Challenges described by nongeriatrician investigators included lack of knowledge, rigid study structures, and a disease‐focused approach. Responses from our geriatrics experts included communicating practical advice for avoiding common pitfalls. Our resulting framework is the 5Ts: Target Population, Team, Tools, Time, and Tips to Accommodate. This tool complements the 5Ms (Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity, and Matters Most to Me) model for geriatric care and emphasizes representation of the Target Population, building research Teams that include aging expertise, incorporating appropriate Tools for function and patient‐reported outcomes, anticipating Time for longer study visits, and accommodating common needs with practical Tips. Limitations include convenience sampling and lack of formal qualitative thematic analysis. Conclusion: Communicating with nongeriatrician researchers using the 5Ts may offer a practical approach to avoiding barriers to inclusion of older adults in research and complements an existing framework for communicating the value of geriatric medicine. Next steps in developing the 5Ts will be to include additional stakeholders (eg, national samples of nongeriatrician investigators, older adults and their families) and evaluating the impact of its implementation. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:342–346, 2019. See related Editorial by George Kuchel in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activist research engages all participants as co-researchers in order to challenge the status quo in hopes of creating spaces in which they will actively participate in their education and feel responsible for their own and others’ learning. There are a number of challenges that researchers might face when engaging in activist research with co-researchers. In that sense, researchers must be open to multiple perspectives and critical attitudes in order to negotiate the challenges that arise in the process. This paper describes the challenges that the lead author faced in learning to become an activist researcher in a socially vulnerable sport context and how these challenges were negotiated. The lead author, supervised by the second author, conducted a six month activist research study in a soccer program in a socially and economically disadvantaged neighborhood in Brazil. Participants included two researchers (lead and second authors), 17 young people, four coaches, a pedagogic coordinator and a social worker as co-researchers. Multiple sources of data were collected, including 38 field journal/observations and audio records of: 18 youth work sessions, 16 coaches’ work sessions, three combined coaches and youth work sessions, and 37 meetings between the lead author and the second author. By using an activist approach four challenges were identified and negotiated: learning to become more comfortable with an activist approach, helping young people to articulate what they know and the researcher to see what they say, valuing co-researchers’ knowledge, and negotiating the culture of sport. We argue that challenges are essential, necessary and significant in an activist research project in order to transform ourselves as researchers and our relationship with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses how academics navigate different kinds of prestige and different systems of value around what 'counts' in academic writing, focusing particularly on the impact of the genre regime associated with research evaluation in the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF). It draws on data from an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project working with academics across different disciplines and different institutions in England. We interviewed people about their writing practices several times, exploring their practices, life histories, institutional contexts, and the tools and resources they draw on as they write. Academics' research writing is framed within explicit institutional and departmental strategies around the numbers and publication venues of research outputs, driven by institutions' need to succeed in the national competitive research evaluation system. Such institutional strategies do not always map well onto other values systems in which academics have been trained and within which they locate themselves. The articles analyses the interviews we carried out, exploring how academics negotiate tensions between these systems of value and considering the implications of this for what is considered to be important in academic work and, therefore, what it means to be an academic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stem cells that have unlimited proliferation potential as well as differentiation potency are considered to be a promising future treatment method for incurable diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the future trend of stem cell researches from researchers' viewpoints. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on researchers involved in stem cell research at Royan Institute. We designed a questionnaire using a qualitative study based on expert opinion and a literature review. Content validity was performed using three rounds of the Delphi method with experts. Face validity was undertaken by a Persian literature expert and a graphics designer. The questionnaire was distributed among 150 researchers involved in stem cell studies in Royan Institute biology laboratories. Results: We collected 138 completed questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 31.13 ± 5.8 years; most (60.9%) were females. Participants (76.1%) considered the budget to be the most important issue in stem cell research, 79.7% needed financial support from the government, and 77.5% felt that charities could contribute substantially to stem cell research. A total of 90.6% of participants stated that stem cells should lead to commercial usage which could support future researches (86.2%). The aim of stem cell research was stipulated as increasing health status of the society according to 92.8% of the participants. At present, among cell types, importance was attached to cord blood and adult stem cells. Researchers emphasized the importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rather than hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, 57.73%). The prime priorities were given to cancer so that stem cell research could be directed to sphere stem cell research whereas the least preference was given to skin research. Conclusion: Regenerative medicine is considered the future of stem cell research with emphasis on application of these cells, especially in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes situations where preconceptions about disabled people were made apparent in a non-disabled researcher's thoughts, words and actions in the course of fieldwork for a qualitative study into the lives of disabled young adults. The article uses these experiences as entry points to discovery and analysis of cultural ableism. It draws on critical theory and insights from the social model of disability and takes an autoethnographic approach to highlight the researcher's preconceptions and her process towards a more nuanced understanding of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed at identifying the most important problems that hinder the production of applied researchs, and identifying the most important suggestions of the respondents to produce the applied research. The study was conducted in some research institutes which were (field crops, Horticutural crops, animal production, and plant protection). The institutes were chosen randomly from the research institutes of agricultural research center. Arandom sample amounted to (189) researchers was selected and distributed among researchers from those institutes. Data were collected during the period from November 2013 to March 2014. The results of the study were presented by using percentages, ranges, frequencies, means as well as tabulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper dwells upon the importance of raw data for the development of science and research. The study includes an interview of 40 researchers and faculty members to understand their perception towards the raw data. It has suggested that the libraries can play a pivotal role in extending support to the researchers for organizing, archiving and preserving raw data for future use. Libraries may evolve a system at the university level wherein the researchers and faculty members be encouraged to deposit their raw research data in the institutional repositories, which most of the university libraries have developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As thousands of healthy research participants are being included in small and large imaging studies, it is essential that dilemmas raised by the detection of incidental findings are adequately handled. Current ethical guidance indicates that pathways for dealing with incidental findings should be in place, but does not specify what such pathways should look like. Building on an interview study of researchers' practices and perspectives, we identified key considerations for the set-up of pathways for the detection, management and communication of incidental findings in imaging research.Methods: We conducted an interview study with a purposive sample of researchers (n = 20) at research facilities across the Netherlands. Based on a qualitative analysis of these interviews and on existing guidelines found in the literature, we developed a prototype ethical framework, which was critically assessed and fine-tuned during a two-day international expert meeting with bioethicists and representatives from large population-based imaging studies from the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden and Belgium (n = 14).Results: Practices and policies for the handling of incidental findings vary strongly across the Netherlands, ranging from no review of research scans and limited feedback to research participants, to routine review of scans and the arrangement of clinical follow-up. Respondents felt that researchers do not have a duty to actively look for incidental findings, but they do have a duty to act on findings, when detected. The principle of reciprocity featured prominently in our interviews and expert meeting.Conclusion: We present an ethical framework that may guide researchers and research ethics committees in the design and/or evaluation of appropriate pathways for the handling of incidental findings in imaging studies. The framework consists of seven steps: anticipation of findings, information provision and informed consent, scan acquisition, review of scans, consultation on detected abnormalities, communication of the finding, and further clinical management and follow-up of the research participant. Each of these steps represents a key decision to be made by researchers, which should be justified not only with reference to costs and/or logistical considerations, but also with reference to researchers' moral obligations and the principle of reciprocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activists rarely get everything they want from law and policy reforms. During the legislative process, proposed laws are negotiated, and what results are compromised versions of the laws activists originally lobbied for. Do these policy concessions create stumbling blocks or stepping stones for activists to pursue further change? The movement for animal protection in laboratory research provides a good case for examining this broad theoretical issue. I examine the influence of federal regulation at the laboratory level by interviewing scientists, bioethicists, veterinarians, and other professionals involved in research with animals. Some types of policy reform created structural access to laboratory decision-making for actors such as regulatory officials and bioethicists. This access facilitated dramatic changes in bureaucratic practices in the laboratory, and the potential for changes in the ethical considerations and attitudes of those involved in animal research. This access also provides institutional opportunities for activists to affect decision-making in the direction toward ending the practices they target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis describes the nature of community participation in National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects, and explores the scientific and social implications of variation in community participation. We conducted in-depth interviews in 2012 with professional and community researchers from 25 CBPR projects in the Southeast US. Interview topics focused on participants' experiences with the nature and conduct of their CBPR project. Projects were rated on community participation in 13 components of research. Projects varied substantially in community participation. Some projects had community participation in only two to three components; others had participation in every component. Some professional researchers were deliberate in their inclusion of community participation in all aspects of research, others had community participation in some aspects, and othersweremainly concerned that community members had the opportunity to participate in the study. Findings suggest a need for a standardized rubric for community-based research that facilitates delineation of approaches and procedures that are effective and efficient. Little actual community participation may also result in negative social impacts for communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small number of attempts have been made to take stock of the field of gender and education, though very few have taken methodology as their explicit focus. We seek to stimulate such discussion in this article by taking stock of the use of visual methods in gender and education research (particularly participatory and image-based methods). We undertake this exercise by looking at the claims researchers have made about the ways in which visual methods have advanced gender and education research, and by examining how these methods have been employed in research. We argue that the visual has become somewhat invisible in accounts of gender and education research. We conclude by considering different ways in which we might develop image-based research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Video-based research methodologies in educational settings have been associated with the perceived user-friendliness of the technology for children, teachers and researchers. Video is considered an appropriate way of capturing the pedagogical complexity of classrooms, and a supportive medium for encouraging children to participate in research activity. In this paper, we present a research methodology that was applied to investigate the relationship between the pedagogy of play and children's conceptual knowledge. The basis of the methodology centred on a play experience designed by teachers. Children (ages 4–5) were videoed while engaging in the experience and then invited to watch these recordings and to comment on their own play and learning. The discussions with the children were also video recorded and later shown to the teachers who designed the experiences. The videoed data of the children responding to their recorded play were used to generate discussion with the teachers around what they believed the children were learning through play and the children's perceptions of their play. In this paper, we examine why the decision was made to video the play and the children's reactions to their play. We explore the logistics of applying a video-based methodology, consider the challenges associated with this approach and suggest strategies for minimising the impact of researcher subjectivity and reflexivity in video research methodologies in a ‘children as researchers’ or ‘child-framed’ research context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a framework for studying researchers' motivations in publishing their work either in English as an additional language (EAL) or their first language (L1) based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Topics include the psychological, sociological, and rational-economic perspectives behind academic motivation, how motivations are shaped by gender, seniority and publication experience, and the results of an application of the framework on Spanish researchers' motivations.

Becoming familiar with strange, new surroundings is an overwhelming process. Every time we enter into the field for the first time, anxieties arise. Sometimes, in reflection, we come to learn that others whom we view as our participants experience similar feelings of uncertainty. From the perspective of the researcher, we continually reflect upon co-constructed meanings we create with others from lived experiences in an effort to produce knowledge during the research process. Even though the outside observer is welcomed in, practitioners fear the presence of another who is there to critique their work, unaware that the researcher, herself, shares this fear. This essay aims to expose how we live and share meanings of vulnerability between a practitioner and a researcher and how these reflections enable friendships to form beyond the field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the needed international standards for authors of scholarly research publications and the responsible research reporting practice. It says that research should follow relevant legislation and have been written in an ethical and responsible manner. It mentions that researchers should be honest in presenting the results of their papers and follow the applicable reporting guidelines.

The current study examines the impact of a research agency on researchers’ behaviour in the context of science policy and the decision to use an existing Library Union catalogue system – Co-operative Online Bibliographic System and Services – as the basis for a research data evaluation. Central and Eastern Europe countries, new European Union member states, represent an ideal laboratory to study the evolution of research organisation since changes are more rapid and profound than in Western European countries. That is why the effects of implementing the transparency of research results on a national level, in Slovenia, are presented through a case study of the Slovenian Research Agency. Thomson Scientific Web of Science citation databases have been used as a starting point for conducting publication analyses after the introduction of new Slovenian Current Research Information System. The findings suggest that transparency, if required by the research funding organisation per se, offers a change and can steer the growth of publications containing research results, as researchers generally see transparency as a positive element which promotes their work. It is also an important promotion of the work done by librarians in research and academic libraries, as they are responsible for the data. This is in line with the suggestion that library and information professionals should seize the opportunity to have an influence on government policy making in providing bibliometric expertise regarding research evaluation (Oppenheim, 2008). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As the result of a research, this article is focused on the enunciation of social representations of researchers from Universidad de Antioquia Law program in relation to legal research. The technique used for reaching this objective was the semi-structured interview performed to principal researchers from Universidad de Antioquia Law program. In contrast with theory, ideas, points of view, perceptions, opinions, and behavioral patterns are shown before the research issue. The argument on why to research and how to research in the field of law the criteria for selecting the topics to be researched and researchers' intention before research practice is posed. A discussion is made on the way social environment, including professional and family fields, provides the legal researcher a possibility to bring out problems concerning legal research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on qualitative data gathered from two studies funded by the UK Leadership Foundation for Higher Education to examine the expansion of academic identities in higher education. It builds on Whitchurch's earlier work, which focused primarily on professional staff, to suggest that the emergence of broadly based projects such as widening participation, learning support and community partnership is also impacting on academic identities. Thus, academic as well as professional staff are increasingly likely to work in multi-professional teams across a variety of constituencies, as well as with external partners, and the binary distinction between 'academic' and 'non-academic' roles and activities is no longer clear-cut. Moreover, there is evidence from the studies of an intentionality about deviations from mainstream academic career routes among respondents who could have gone either way. Consideration is therefore given to factors that influence individuals to work in more project-oriented areas, as well as to variables that affect ways in which these roles and identities develop. Finally, three models of academically oriented project activity are identified, and the implications of an expansion of academic identities are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Attitudes towards authorship are connected with authors' research experience and with knowledge of authorship criteria of International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The objective of this study was to assess association between authors' perceived importance of contributions for authorship qualification and their participation in manuscripts submitted to a journal. Methods: Authors (n=1181) of 265 manuscripts submitted to the Croatian Medical Journal were asked to identify and rate their contribution in the preparation of the submitted manuscript (0 - none to 4 - full for 11 listed contributions) and the importance of these contributions as authorship qualifications (0 - none to 4 - full). They were randomly allocated into 3 groups: the first (n=90 manuscripts, n=404 authors) first received the contribution disclosure form and then contribution importance-rating questionnaire; the second (n=88 manuscripts, n=382 authors) first received the rating questionnaire and then the contribution disclosure form, and the third group (n=87 manuscripts, n=395 authors) received both questionnaires at the same time. We compared authors' perception of importance of contribution categories. Results: 1014 (85.9%) authors of 235 manuscripts responded. Authors who declared contribution to a specific category rated it as more important for authorship than those authors who did not contribute to the same category (P>0.005 for all contribution categories, Mann-Withney test). Authors qualifying for ICMJE authorship rated all contribution categories higher than non-qualifying authors. For all contributions, associations between perceived importance of contribution and actual author's contribution were statistically significant. Conclusions: Authorship seems to be not a normative issue subjective to categorization into criteria, but also a very personal view of the importance and value of one's contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on the impact of malicious and uncivil behavior in science. Topics discussed include an overview of scientific facts and enterprises, the visibility of researchers in public policy, the limitation of scientific misconduct to scientific fraud, and the enforcement of code of conduct in science.

The article discusses the author's claim that many Chinese researchers question the ethical aspects of scientist He Jiankui's admission that he used CRISPR technology to create HIV-resistant twin girls, and it mentions a potential difference between research ethics in China and Western countries. Bioethical issues in China are addressed, along with a call for tighter regulations in the wake of He Jiankui's CRISPR-based scandal.

The article offers advises on not to be disturbed by the blunders made in a science experiment. It suggests researchers to embrace blunders as they provide a chance to review the work as well as open new doors of opportunities. It adds that evaluation processes should allow for originality and recommends making space for risky scientific proposals in these processes.

The article offers advice to young physics researchers. It suggests them to be patient on discovering new things in their research projects despite hard situations. It says that they should not expect of something in return when they help their colleagues because the law of physics states that whatever is being done to others will eventually come back.

The article offers the author's insights on a possible unethical author behavior that has been identified in the article "Skin-Derived Fibroblasts for the Treatment of Refractory Achilles Tendinosis: Preliminary Short-Term Results," by David Connell and colleagues. He says that the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) stated that a trial was performed without an ethical opinion from a recognized research ethics committee. Moreover , the ongoing investigation is discussed.