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Puprose: It is a challenge to prevent irreversible amblyopia in infants suffering from Peters anomaly. In some cases of centrally located corneal opacifications an optical sector iridectomy can not lead to a clear opticalaxis. The homologous penetrating keratoplasty as early surgical procedure has shown an extremely poor outcome with a high risk of irreversible graft failure. We report on the autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty in an eight-week-old infant suffering from Peters anomaly. Patients: An autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty was performed in an eight-week-old infant suffering from Peters anomaly to prevent irreversible amblyopia. Results: After a follow-up time of 8 months we saw a clear graft within the optical axis without any complications in wound healing. We removed the single sutures two months after keratoplasty. Postoperative astigmatism could be corrected first by fitting a special nursery contact lens and after reduction of astigmatism because of suture removal we fitted special nursery glasses. The intraocular pressure remained within the normal range during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty should be considered superior to homologous keratoplasty in infants with Peters anomaly if sector iridectomy is not advisable because of a central corneal opacification. Resulting high refractive errors can be successfully corrected by special contact lens fitting or by nursery glasses.

Hintergrund. Bei Versagen konservativer Masnahmen kommt bei der Dakryozystitis im Kindesalter eine Dakryozystorhinostomie (DZR) in Betracht. Indikationsstellung, Besonderheiten und Ergebnisse wurden retrospektiv uberpruft. Patienten und Methode. Es wurden 72 Kinder im Alter von 10 Monaten bis 14 Jahren wegen einer persistierenden Dakryozystitis mit einer DZR versorgt und fortlaufend dokumentiert. Nachuntersucht wurden 66 Kinder mit 84 operierten Tranenwegen. Ergebnisse. Ursache der Dakryozystitis war 63-mal eine angeborene und 3-mal eine erworbene Tranenwegsstenose. Weitere Fehlbildungen der ableitenden Tranenwege zeigten 20 und systemische 21 Kinder. Ein familiares Auftreten lag in 8 Fallen vor. Die Operationen erfolgten unter mikrochirurgischen Bedingungen, seit 1998 teilweise mit laserassistierter Technik. Bei einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von 1 Monat bis 12 Jahren zeigten 76 der 84 operierten Tranenwege eine funktionelle Heilung. Schlussfolgerungen. Bei persistierender Dakryozystitis infolge kongenitaler Tranenwegsstenose liegen haufig weitere Fehlbildungen sowie eine familiare Belastung vor. Die DZR im Kindesalter erfordert minimal invasive und zunehmend laserassistierte Techniken. Sie kann nach dem vollendeten 1. Lebensjahr in einem entsprechenden Zentrum durchgefuhrt werden. Ihre Erfolgsrate liegt bei 90–95%.

2482 children aged three to five years were examined by orthoptists in a screening procedure in Halle (former GDR). These screenings focused on monocular visual acuity tests with Pflüger's optotypes. 304 children were selected, apart from 100 already under ophthalmological treatment. All were invited for an examination at the University Clinic. Of 185 patients who came for an examination, 115 had findings calling for treatment. The prevalence of newly revealed squinters amounted to approximately 1 %, while the number of children with ametropias without squint was about five times higher. Administrative or legal regulations for ophthalmological preventive screening in early childhood are advocated.

In 1980 we started a long-term study at our department examining 54 Patients with p.c.t. (42 male, 12 female). Out of these patients, 32 were re-examined (23 male, 9 female) in 1986. No ocular lesions were found that might be attributable to the underlying disease. Possible symptoms of p.c.t. are an increased filling of the conjunctival vessels, a decreased tear's formation, as well as brownish pigmentations in conjunctiva, in the lid margin. These changes occur in the anterior eye segment. At the fundus, a dry, in part side-different macular destruction and uncharacteristic peripheral retinal degeneration were found. The most prominent functional disorders are the acquired colour vision deficiency Verriest Type III and FSM Type I, respectively. It is based upon the small decrease of the visual acuity (relative central scotoma), the decline in immediate adaption and the macular destruction. Possible etiopathogenetical links between the underlying disease and the tapetoretinal degeneration are discussed. The morphological and functional eye lesions are limited and show hardly any progression.

In order to achieve good field homogeneity various equi- and non-equisectored deflectors were analysed numerically. The least inhomogeneity of a field for practicable realization was found with a non-equisectored 20-pole deflector (30mm in diameter, 1.528° gap width, 110mm in length). In a square of 6mm by 6mm the total field strength variation is 0.38% of the main component and 0.24% for the perpendicular component. The numerical results and the fabrication of the 20-pole deflector already incorporated in an e-beam lithography system with thermal field emission cathode are discussed.

It is a challenge to prevent irreversible amblyopia in infants suffering from Peters anomaly. In some cases of centrally located corneal opacifications an optical sector iridectomy can not lead to a clear optical axis. The homologous penetrating keratoplasty as early surgical procedure has shown an extremely poor outcome with a high risk of irreversible graft failure. We report on the autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty in an eight-week-old infant suffering from Peters anomaly.An autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty was performed in an eight-week-old infant suffering from Peters anomaly to prevent irreversible amblyopia.After a follow-up time of 8 months we saw a clear graft within the optical axis without any complications in wound healing. We removed the single sutures two months after keratoplasty. Postoperative astigmatism could be corrected first by fitting a special nursery contact lens and after reduction of astigmatism because of suture removal we fitted special nursery glasses. The intraocular pressure remained within the normal range during the follow-up period.The autologous ipsilateral rotating penetrating keratoplasty should be considered superior to homologous keratoplasty in infants with Peters anomaly if sector iridectomy is not advisable because of a central corneal opacification. Resulting high refractive errors can be successfully corrected by special contact lens fitting or by nursery glasses.

Dacryocystitis in infants is a serious complication of congenital, but seldom of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions. If conservative treatment fails, dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) appears to be effective. The indications, special clinical history and results will be reviewed.From 1/1970 to 2/2000, a total of 72 children (56 male, 16 female) with persistent dacryocystitis (18 bilateral) were treated surgically by DCR and were continuously documented. The patients ranged in age from 10 months to 14 years old (mean age 4.9 years). Included in our study were 66 children (52 male, 14 female) with 84 surgically treated lacrimal ducts (46 right eyes, 38 left eyes) who underwent control examinations.The cause of dacryocystitis was congenital obstruction in 63 children and trauma (maxillary fracture) in 3 children, respectively. Of these, 20 children (30.3%) had additional anomalies of the lacrimal system, 21 (31.8%) systemic malformations and 8 out of the 66 children (12.1%) had a family history of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Since 1985 the surgical procedures have been performed under microsurgery conditions and since 1998 sometimes with a transcanalicular laser-assisted technique. We found a functional success rate (with complete resolution of symptoms) of 90.4% (76 out of 84 lacrimal ducts) over follow-up periods ranging from 1 month to 12 years (average 1.6 years).Patients with persistent dacryocystitis due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction have a prevalence of further nasolacrimal abnormalities and a family history. The dacryocystorhinostomy of infants requires minimal invasive (sometimes laser-assisted) techniques. In the case of persistent dacryocystitis, DCR is indicated after the age of 1 year and has the same success rate in infants as in adults (90-95%).

There are various malformations of retinal vessels. Some of them are associated with cerebral vascular anomalies.This report is given on a girl 6 years of age with a retinal racemose angioma.The clinical examination showed a unilateral racemose angioma combined with retinachorioidal anastomosis and a hemifacial vascular malformation. We found teleangiectasia in this area. The ophthalmoscopy demonstrated a blurred border of optic disc on the right eye with forward protrusion of the disc about + 2.0 dioptres. Large racemose lesions may be localized to the optic nerve and may involve segmental areas of the macula. The ultrasound showed a papillary stasis with highly reflective structures. The ultrasonic patterns are interpreted as a cholesterosis or fibrovascular tissue. This findings may belong to the rare Wyburn-Mason syndrome. Acute neurological symptoms by similar lesions the midbrain and hemorrhages during extraction of teeth are reported in literature.

In 1980 we started a long-term study at our department examining 54 Patients with p.c.t. (42 male, 12 female). Out of these patients, 32 were re-examined (23 male, 9 female) in 1986. No ocular lesions were found that might be attributable to the underlying disease. Possible symptoms of p.c.t. are an increased filling of the conjunctival vessels, a decreased tear's formation, as well as brownish pigmentations in conjunctiva, in the lid margin. These changes occur in the anterior eye segment. At the fundus, a dry, in part side-different macular destruction and uncharacteristic peripheral retinal degeneration were found. The most prominent functional disorders are the acquired colour vision deficiency Verriest Type III and FSM Type I, respectively. It is based upon the small decrease of the visual acuity (relative central scotoma), the decline in immediate adaption and the macular destruction. Possible etiopathogenetical links between the underlying disease and the tapetoretinal degeneration are discussed. The morphological and functional eye lesions are limited and show hardly any progression.

The principle of a solid state oxygen source is based on heating thermally decomposible metal oxides. In this procedure extremely pure oxygen is generated by variation of the heating temperature. The small size of the solid state oxygen source permits different applications and makes it easy to install in uhv systems. In this paper the features of this newly developed oxygen source and its application to thermal field emission are reviewed.

A simple integrated power supply circuit in ESFI-SOS technology with only one external capacitor is presented. The circuit, which can directly be applied to 110 V AC line voltages, comprises a bridge rectifier, a `lambda'-type current switch, and a series regulator with overload protection. Because of the relatively small area consumption (6 mm/SUP 2/) the circuit to be supplied can easily be integrated on the same chip. Experimental results show a DC output power of about 100 mW (10 V/10 mA). Due to the lambda-type current switching high efficiencies of more than 30 percent are achieved. With some additional device modifications to increase breakdown voltage it should be possible to operate such circuits also with 220 V AC line voltages.

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Among the complications after surgical interventions carried out on the Ganglion semilunare because of a trigeminal neuralgia the reason why Keratopathia neuroparalytica plays a role is the fact that it very frequently leads to partial or total blindness of the affected eye. The pathogenesis of the keratopathy is still being disputed. The appraisal of the various surgical methods in trigeminal neuralgia always includes the frequent occurrence of a keratopathy. Among the 171 patients who were operated on in Halle because of trigeminal neuralgia in the last ten years no keratopathy was observed. In 12 cases a reduction or removal of the corneal reflex was brought about. On 8 patients a postganglionic intradural operation was carried out, all others received an electro-coagulation. The co-operation with the ophthalmologist is indispensable both prophylactically and therapeutically.