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1. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, and XENON Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter – nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 t-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 t-year exposure.

Published
2022
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2. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, A. Higuera, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, N. Kato, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. L. Tan, A. Terliuk, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, J. Westermann, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, J. P. Zopounidis, XENON Collaboration, M. Laubenstein, and S. Nisi

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ( $$\sim $$ ∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ( $$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$ - 0.7 + 0.5 ) $$\upmu $$ μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.

Published
2022
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3. $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author

XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, V. C. Antochi, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, F. Arneodo, D. Barge, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, G. Eurin, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, L. Grandi, M. Garbini, C. Hasterok, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, F. Joerg, N. Kato, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, E. López Fune, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, K. Morå, S. Moriyama, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, J. Palacio, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qin, H. Qiu, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, N. Šarčević, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, G. Volta, O. Wack, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, J. Westermann, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, and J. P. Zopounidis

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration of $$10\,\mathrm{\,}\upmu \mathrm{Bq}/\mathrm{kg}$$ 10 μ Bq / kg in $$3.2\,\mathrm{t}$$ 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn activity concentration of $$(4.5\pm 0.1)\,\mathrm{\,}\upmu \mathrm{Bq}/\mathrm{kg}$$ ( 4.5 ± 0.1 ) μ Bq / kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment.

Published
2021
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4. LSST Survey Strategy in the Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds

Author

R. A. Street, X. Li, S. Khakpash, E. Bellm, L. Girardi, L. Jones, N. S. Abrams, Y. Tsapras, M. P. G. Hundertmark, E. Bachelet, P. Gandhi, P. Szkody, W. I. Clarkson, R. Szabó, L. Prisinzano, R. Bonito, D. A. H. Buckley, J. P. Marais, and R. Di Stefano

Subjects
Galactic and extragalactic astronomy, Milky Way Galaxy, Magellanic Clouds, Galactic bulge, Optical astronomy, Optical observation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Galactic science encompasses a wide range of subjects in the study of the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds, from young stellar objects to X-ray binaries. Mapping these populations, and exploring transient phenomena within them, are among the primary science goals of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time. While early versions of the survey strategy dedicated relatively few visits to the Galactic Plane region, more recent strategies under consideration envision a higher cadence within selected regions of high scientific interest. The range of galactic science presents a challenge in evaluating which strategies deliver the highest scientific returns. Here we present metrics designed to evaluate Rubin survey strategy simulations, based on the cadence of observations they deliver within regions of interest to different topics in galactic science, using variability categories defined by timescale. We also compare the fractions of exposures obtained in each filter with those recommended for the different science goals. We find that the baseline _ v2.x simulations deliver observations of the high-priority regions at sufficiently high cadence to reliably detect variability on timescales >10 days or more. Follow-up observations may be necessary to properly characterize variability, especially transients, on shorter timescales. Combining the regions of interest for all the science cases considered, we identify those areas of the Galactic Plane and Magellanic Clouds of highest priority. We recommend that these refined survey footprints be used in future simulations to explore rolling cadence scenarios, and to optimize the sequence of observations in different bandpasses.

Published
2023
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5. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range

Author

E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, F. Agostini, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, F. D. Amaro, V. C. Antochi, E. Angelino, J. Angevaare, F. Arneodo, D. Barge, L. Baudis, B. Bauermeister, L. Bellagamba, M. L. Benabderrahmane, T. Berger, P. A. Breur, A. Brown, E. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, D. Coderre, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, A. Depoian, P. Di Gangi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, A. Elykov, G. Eurin, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, M. Garbini, L. Grandi, C. Hasterok, C. Hils, K. Hiraide, L. Hoetzsch, E. Hogenbirk, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, F. Joerg, N. Kato, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, E. López Fune, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, K. Morå, S. Moriyama, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Naganoma, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, K. Odgers, J. Palacio, B. Pelssers, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qin, H. Qiu, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, J. M. F. dos Santos, G. Sartorelli, N. Šarčević, M. Scheibelhut, S. Schindler, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, C. Therreau, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, G. Volta, O. Wack, H. Wang, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss Xu, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, J. Wulf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Ye, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhang, T. Zhu, and J. P. Zopounidis

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $$\sim $$ ∼ 200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $$^{136} \hbox {Xe}$$ 136Xe at its Q value, $$Q_{\beta \beta }\simeq 2.46\,\hbox {MeV}$$ Qββ≃2.46MeV . For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at $$1\,\sigma /\mu $$ 1σ/μ is as low as ($$0.80 \pm 0.02$$ 0.80±0.02 ) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Qββ . We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events.

Published
2020
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8. Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T

Author

Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, S Ahmed Maouloud, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, R Angevaare, J, C Antochi, V, D Ant??n Martin, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, L Baxter, A, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, J M, R Cardoso, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, P Colijn, A, Conrad, J, J Cuenca-Garc??a, J, P Cussonneau, J, D???andrea, V, P Decowski, M, P Di Gangi, S Di Pede, A Di Giovanni, R Di Stefano, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, D Ferella, A, Fischer, H, Form, S, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, F Lang, R, Levinson, L, S, Li, I, Li, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, J A, M Lopes, Y, Ma, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, T Marrod??n Undagoitia, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mor??, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, M??ller, J, K, Ni, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, J, Qi, Qin, J, D Ram??rez Garc??a, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, J M, F dos Santos, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, H Schulze Ei??ing, Schumann, M, L Scotto Lavina, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, P-L, Tan, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, T??nnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Z, Xu, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, J, Ye, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, Aprile, E, Abe, K, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Angelino, E, R Angevaare, J, C Antochi, V, Ant??n Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, L Baxter, A, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, R Cardoso, J M, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, P Colijn, A, Conrad, J, J Cuenca-Garc??a, J, P Cussonneau, J, D???andrea, V, P Decowski, M, Di Gangi, P, Di Pede, S, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Farrell, S, D Ferella, A, Fischer, H, Form, S, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hoetzsch, L, Howlett, J, Huhmann, C, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Jakob, J, Joerg, F, Joy, A, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, F Lang, R, Levinson, L, Li, S, I, Li, Liang, S, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Liu, K, Lombardi, F, Long, J, M Lopes, J A, Ma, Y, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Marrod??n Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Moriyama, S, Mor??, K, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, M??ller, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Paetsch, B, Palacio, J, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pierre, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qi, J, Qin, J, Ram??rez Garc??a, D, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Sanchez, L, F dos Santos, J M, Sartorelli, G, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schulze Ei??ing, H, Schumann, M, Scotto Lavina, L, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Tan, P-L, Terliuk, A, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, T??nnies, F, Valerius, K, Volta, G, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, T, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Yang, L, Ye, J, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhu, T, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Krypton, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, C43, F40, H20, H54, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Distillation, radioactivity, Krypton, Argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), radioactivity, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics, Experiment (hep-ex), Argon, Distillation
Abstract

A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360±60)ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fit to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove 37Ar after its injection for a low energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of 37Ar as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation LXe TPC experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large scale detectors.

Published
2022

9. Double-weak decays of and in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments

Author

E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Ant??n Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, M. Clark, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-Garc??a, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D'Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, M. Guida, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, A. Manfredini, F. Marignetti, T. Marrod??n Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Mor??, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. M??ller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ram??rez Garc??a, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Ei??ing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. -L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. T??nnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, Y. Wei, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, S. Zerbo, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Ant??n Martin, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Brown, A., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-Garc??a, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Di Gangi, P., Di Pede, S., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gallo Rosso, A., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guida, M., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Joy, A., Kato, N., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrod??n Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mor??, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., M??ller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Palacio, J., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ram??rez Garc??a, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Sanchez, L., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulte, P., Schulze Ei??ing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., T??nnies, F., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhong, M., and Zhu, T.

Subjects
Double beta decay
Abstract

We present results on the search for two-neutrino double-electron capture (2νECEC) of 124Xe and neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of 136Xe in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K shell up to the N shell in the 2νECEC signal model and measure a total half-life of T2νECEC1/2=(1.1±0.2stat±0.1sys)×1022yr with a 0.87kgyr isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is 7.0σ. We use XENON1T data with 36.16kgyr of 136Xe exposure to search for 0νββ. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of T0νββ1/2>1.2×1024yrat90%CL. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to 0νββ. Assuming a 275kgyr 136Xe exposure, the expected sensitivity is T0νββ1/2>2.1×1025yrat90%CL, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of ⟨mββ⟩

Published
2022

10. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon <math><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> Experiment

Author

P. Bloom, P. Kammel, Timothy Chupp, C. Schlesier, P. Girotti, M. J. Lee, A. Nath, Frederick Gray, C. Gabbanini, D. Shemyakin, C. C. Polly, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, G. Venanzoni, T. Stuttard, G. Lukicov, M. Iacovacci, H. E. Swanson, T. P. Gorringe, B. C.K. Casey, J. Grange, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, K. T. Pitts, R. T. Chislett, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Lucà, Martin Fertl, E. Barlas-Yucel, J. George, A. Kuchibhotla, Dariush Hampai, T. Walton, D. Cauz, G. Sweetmore, J. Bono, I. R. Bailey, Dinko Pocanic, J. L. Holzbauer, Gavin Grant Hesketh, J. L. Ritchie, Alexander Keshavarzi, H. P. Binney, A. García, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, A. Basti, Barry King, B. MacCoy, M. Kiburg, David Rubin, Alexey Anisenkov, V. Tishchenko, Marin Karuza, H. Nguyen, P. Di Meo, Claudio Ferrari, N. Kinnaird, Liang Li, L. K. Gibbons, N. Raha, R. Chakraborty, D. Flay, R. N. Pilato, M. Incagli, M. Lancaster, Michael Syphers, S. Baeßler, T. J. V. Bowcock, J. LaBounty, G. M. Piacentino, D. Vasilkova, S. Park, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, R. Madrak, Z. Hodge, Dominik Stöckinger, A. Chapelain, Brad Plaster, R. M. Carey, Dongdong Li, J. D. Crnkovic, D. W. Hertzog, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, J. P. Miller, Andrzej Wolski, Tabitha Halewood-leagas, Franco Bedeschi, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, J. Fry, Kyoko Makino, J.B. Hempstead, S. Di Falco, K. S. Khaw, W. Turner, Z. Chu, A. T. Herrod, J. D. Price, T. Barrett, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, P. Winter, J. Stapleton, R. Fatemi, D. Kawall, S. Charity, L. Santi, A. Schreckenberger, E. Valetov, B. Quinn, Yannis K. Semertzidis, B. Li, K. L. Giovanetti, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, S. Lee, Ran Hong, S. Leo, M. D. Galati, A.T. Fienberg, Sultan B. Dabagov, S. P. Chang, L. Kelton, G. Pauletta, Rachel Osofsky, G. Di Sciascio, S. Ganguly, D.A. Sweigart, Meghna Bhattacharya, Thomas Teubner, A. Gioiosa, S. Miozzi, B. Kiburg, J. Esquivel, A. Lorente Campos, David Kessler, E. Bottalico, M. Sorbara, Christopher Stoughton, J. Mott, Kayleigh Anne Thomson, Giovanni Cantatore, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, Wanwei Wu, Karie Badgley, S. Mastroianni, O. Kim, William Morse, L. Welty-Rieger, A. L. Lyon, A. Hibbert, A. Weisskopf, P. T. Debevec, W. Gohn, E. J. Ramberg, R. Di Stefano, E. Kraegeloh, Martin Berz, Z. Khechadoorian, S. Ramachandran, D. Stratakis, S. Corrodi, D. A. Tarazona, V. A. Baranov, J. Choi, F. Han, Nicholas A. Pohlman, M. Eads, I. Logashenko, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, Y. I. Kim, A. Driutti, J. Kaspar, K. R. Labe, N. S. Froemming, E. Frlež, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Omega, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon, 0103 physical sciences, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Larmor precession, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, anomalous magnetic moment, 3. Good health, Magnetic field, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Storage ring, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency $\omega_a$ to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of $a_{\mu}({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the eleven separate determinations of \omega_a, and the systematic uncertainties on the result., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. Published in Physical Review D

Published
2021

11. Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T

Author

A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, R. Budnik, Yuehuan Wei, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, C. Weinheimer, K. Martens, F. Arneodo, M. Messina, Lorne Levinson, F. Joerg, Kaixuan Ni, D. Cichon, N. Kato, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, A. Elykov, T. Wolf, Elena Aprile, João Cardoso, M. Pierre, D. Ramírez García, F. Gao, Keita Mizukoshi, P. Shagin, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Mosbacher, Y. Ma, Masaki Yamashita, P. Di Gangi, S. Moriyama, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Fabrizio Marignetti, M. Vargas, H. Landsman, M. P. Decowski, April S. Brown, Boris Bauermeister, Jochen Schreiner, D. Masson, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, L. Bellagamba, A. Rocchetti, S. Liang, Manfred Lindner, L. Althueser, K. Odgers, J. Howlett, Katsuki Hiraide, F. Lombardi, M. Alfonsi, S. Andaloro, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, R. Di Stefano, V. Pizzella, Giacomo Bruno, J. Naganoma, N. Šarčević, J. Qin, Sebastian Lindemann, G. Sartorelli, J. Pienaar, C. Capelli, N. Rupp, Gian Carlo Trinchero, K. Morå, Michelle Galloway, H. Schulze Eißing, E. Angelino, S. Bruenner, A. Molinario, S. Mastroianni, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, M. Iacovacci, A. Di Giovanni, Bart Pelssers, C. Tunnell, C. Wittweg, J. P. Zopounidis, D. Coderre, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, M. Scheibelhut, Jelle Aalbers, A. Depoian, M. Selvi, D. Schulte, Kathrin Valerius, A. Kopec, S. Reichard, Qing Lin, J. Qi, J. Palacio, J. Ye, B. Cimmino, M. Clark, Atsushi Takeda, Shingo Kazama, G. Volta, Uwe Oberlack, V. C. Antochi, Ethan Brown, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, J. Cuenca, Y. Zhang, Julien Masbou, Z. Xu, M. Murra, W. Fulgione, Laura Manenti, C. Hils, Sara Diglio, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, Laura Baudis, P. Gaemers, F. Toschi, M. L. Benabderrahmane, J. Long, J. R. Angevaare, E. Shockley, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, R. Gaior, Yoshitaka Itow, M. Weiss, D. Thers, Marc Schumann, F. Semeria, R. F. Lang, A. P. Colijn, D. Wenz, R. Peres, A. Mancuso, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Andaloro, S., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Liang, S., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodan Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramirez Garcia, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, T., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., XENON Collaboration, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, IoP (FNWI), and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
xenon: target, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, astro-ph.CO, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Recoil, WIMP, WIMP nucleus: cross section, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, parameter space, Nuclear Experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nucleus: recoil, Physics, Dark Matter, Inelastic scattering, XENON, Direct Dark Matter, photon, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Direct Dark Matter, Weakly interacting massive particles, signature, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Particle physics, Inelastic scattering, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, WIMP: mass, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, NO, PE2_2, PE2_1, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, WIMP nucleus: interaction, Dark, matter, WIMP: interaction, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics and astroparticle physics, experimental results
Abstract

We report the results of a search for the inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Scattering off $^{129}$Xe is the most sensitive probe of inelastic WIMP interactions, with a signature of a 39.6 keV de-excitation photon detected simultaneously with the nuclear recoil. Using an exposure of 0.89 tonne-years, we find no evidence of inelastic WIMP scattering with a significance of more than 2$\sigma$. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis is used to set upper limits on the cross-section of WIMP-nucleus interactions. We exclude new parameter space for WIMPs heavier than 100 GeV/c${}^2$, with the strongest upper limit of $3.3 \times 10^{-39}$ cm${}^2$ for 130 GeV/c${}^2$ WIMPs at 90\% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021

12. Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar B8 Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Y. Mosbacher, Y. Ma, D. Ramírez García, J. Pienaar, Jelle Aalbers, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, M. Messina, F. Joerg, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, J. P. Zopounidis, R. Budnik, D. Wenz, Masahiro Yamashita, Yuehuan Wei, R. Peres, J. Howlett, C. Capelli, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, K. Morå, P. Shagin, Laura Baudis, Atsushi Takeda, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, J. A. M. Lopes, C. Hils, N. Kato, A. Mancuso, E. Shockley, C. Wittweg, P. Gaemers, A. Manfredini, M. Alfonsi, D. Coderre, Katsuki Hiraide, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, F. Lombardi, S. Andaloro, F. Toschi, V. Pizzella, D. Cichon, Marc Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, P. Di Gangi, M. Vargas, Hardy Simgen, R. Di Stefano, A. D. Ferella, Z. Xu, D. Schulte, J. Qin, W. Fulgione, R. Gaior, J. Naganoma, M. Murra, Kathrin Valerius, S. Bruenner, C. Weinheimer, Kaixuan Ni, João Cardoso, M. Pierre, N. Rupp, Shigetaka Moriyama, Yoshitaka Itow, Giacomo Bruno, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, F. Gao, J. Long, Laura Manenti, Michelle Galloway, Uwe Oberlack, Sara Diglio, M. Clark, Elena Aprile, B. Cimmino, T. Zhu, A. Elykov, T. Wolf, H. Landsman, Keita Mizukoshi, M. Weiss, D. Thers, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, F. D. Amaro, E. Angelino, S. Liang, F. Semeria, Guillaume Plante, R. F. Lang, Julien Masbou, A. Di Giovanni, Boris Bauermeister, G. Volta, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. P. Colijn, Bart Pelssers, V. C. Antochi, M. P. Decowski, C. Tunnell, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Arneodo, F. Agostini, K. Martens, Lorne Levinson, J. R. Angevaare, Fabrizio Marignetti, Manfred Lindner, J. Ye, L. Althueser, Sebastian Lindemann, L. Bellagamba, April S. Brown, G. Sartorelli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, S. Mastroianni, Jochen Schreiner, S. Ahmed Maouloud, J. Qi, J. Palacio, Shingo Kazama, A. Rocchetti, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, D. Masson, S. Reichard, J. Cuenca, Y. Zhang, H. Schulze Eißing, A. Molinario, M. Iacovacci, A. Depoian, M. Selvi, A. Kopec, and K. Odgers

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Recoil, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Order of magnitude
Abstract

We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar $^8$B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy threshold from 2.6 keV to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant $^8$B neutrino-like excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t $\times$ y. For the first time, we use the non-detection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as non-standard neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 GeV/c$^2$ and 11 GeV/c$^2$ by as much as an order of magnitude.

Published
2021

13. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon Experiment

Author

T. Albahri, A. Anastasi, A. Anisenkov, K. Badgley, S. Bae??ler, I. Bailey, V. ???A. Baranov, E. Barlas-Yucel, T. Barrett, A. Basti, F. Bedeschi, M. Berz, M. Bhattacharya, H. ???P. Binney, P. Bloom, J. Bono, E. Bottalico, T. Bowcock, G. Cantatore, R. ???M. Carey, B. ???C. ???K. Casey, D. Cauz, R. Chakraborty, S. ???P. Chang, A. Chapelain, S. Charity, R. Chislett, J. Choi, Z. Chu, T. ???E. Chupp, S. Corrodi, L. Cotrozzi, J. ???D. Crnkovic, S. Dabagov, P. ???T. Debevec, S. Di Falco, P. Di Meo, G. Di Sciascio, R. Di Stefano, A. Driutti, V. ???N. Duginov, M. Eads, J. Esquivel, M. Farooq, R. Fatemi, C. Ferrari, M. Fertl, A. ???T. Fienberg, A. Fioretti, D. Flay, E. Frle??, N. ???S. Froemming, J. Fry, C. Gabbanini, M. ???D. Galati, S. Ganguly, A. Garcia, J. George, L. ???K. Gibbons, A. Gioiosa, K. ???L. Giovanetti, P. Girotti, W. Gohn, T. Gorringe, J. Grange, S. Grant, F. Gray, S. Haciomeroglu, T. Halewood-Leagas, D. Hampai, F. Han, J. Hempstead, A. ???T. Herrod, D. ???W. Hertzog, G. Hesketh, A. Hibbert, Z. Hodge, J. ???L. Holzbauer, K. ???W. Hong, R. Hong, M. Iacovacci, M. Incagli, P. Kammel, M. Kargiantoulakis, M. Karuza, J. Kaspar, D. Kawall, L. Kelton, A. Keshavarzi, D. Kessler, K. ???S. Khaw, Z. Khechadoorian, N. ???V. Khomutov, B. Kiburg, M. Kiburg, O. Kim, Y. ???I. Kim, B. King, N. Kinnaird, E. Kraegeloh, A. Kuchibhotla, N. ???A. Kuchinskiy, K. ???R. Labe, J. LaBounty, M. Lancaster, M. ???J. Lee, S. Lee, S. Leo, B. Li, D. Li, L. Li, I. Logashenko, A. Lorente Campos, A. Luc??, G. Lukicov, A. Lusiani, A. ???L. Lyon, B. MacCoy, R. Madrak, K. Makino, F. Marignetti, S. Mastroianni, J. ???P. Miller, S. Miozzi, W. ???M. Morse, J. Mott, A. Nath, H. Nguyen, R. Osofsky, S. Park, G. Pauletta, G. ???M. Piacentino, R. ???N. Pilato, K. ???T. Pitts, B. Plaster, D. Po??ani??, N. Pohlman, C. ???C. Polly, J. Price, B. Quinn, N. Raha, S. Ramachandran, E. Ramberg, J. ???L. Ritchie, B. ???L. Roberts, D. ???L. Rubin, L. Santi, C. Schlesier, A. Schreckenberger, Y. ???K. Semertzidis, D. Shemyakin, M. ???W. Smith, M. Sorbara, D. St??ckinger, J. Stapleton, C. Stoughton, D. Stratakis, T. Stuttard, H. ???E. Swanson, G. Sweetmore, D. ???A. Sweigart, M. ???J. Syphers, D. ???A. Tarazona, T. Teubner, A. ???E. Tewsley-Booth, K. Thomson, V. Tishchenko, N. ???H. Tran, W. Turner, E. Valetov, D. Vasilkova, G. Venanzoni, T. Walton, A. Weisskopf, L. Welty-Rieger, P. Winter, A. Wolski, W. Wu, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Bae??ler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. ???A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. ???P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. ???M., Casey, B. ???C. ???K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. ???P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. ???E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. ???D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. ???T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. ???N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. ???T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frle??, E., Froemming, N. ???S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. ???D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. ???K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. ???L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. ???T., Hertzog, D. ???W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. ???L., Hong, K. ???W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. ???S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. ???V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. ???I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. ???A., Labe, K. ???R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. ???J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luc??, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. ???L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. ???P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. ???M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. ???M., Pilato, R. ???N., Pitts, K. ???T., Plaster, B., Po??ani??, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. ???C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. ???L., Roberts, B. ???L., Rubin, D. ???L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. ???K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. ???W., Sorbara, M., St??ckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. ???E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. ???A., Syphers, M. ???J., Tarazona, D. ???A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. ???E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. ???H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Abstract

The Muon g−2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency ωma to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment’s muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of aμ(FNAL)=116592040(54)×10−11 (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis, and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the 11 separate determinations of ωma, and the systematic uncertainties on the result.

Published
2021

14. Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

Author

Z. Chu, M. Eads, M. Lancaster, T. Halewood-Leagas, D. Flay, I. Logashenko, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, Y. I. Kim, S.B. Dabagov, B. MacCoy, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, Liang Li, L. Santi, A. Chapelain, K. S. Khaw, K. T. Pitts, R. Fatemi, I. R. Bailey, E. Bottalico, Andrzej Wolski, R. N. Pilato, P. Bloom, M. Iacovacci, G. Pauletta, M. Incagli, R. Di Stefano, Timothy Chupp, E. Barlas-Yucel, G. Di Sciascio, G. Sweetmore, D. Cauz, P. Girotti, H. Nguyen, Thomas Teubner, D.A. Sweigart, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, G. Piacentino, D. Stöckinger, Karie Badgley, L. Kelton, P. Winter, Brad Plaster, J. L. Holzbauer, R. Chislett, B. Quinn, R. M. Carey, A. Conway, Kyoko Makino, A. Hibbert, B. C. K. Casey, A. Driutti, J. George, A. Lorente Campos, W. Turner, A. Lucà, S. Ramachandran, W. Wu, G. Hesketh, E. Valetov, E. Kraegeloh, Franco Bedeschi, A. Gioiosa, P. T. Debevec, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, S. Corrodi, S. Miozzi, Yannis K. Semertzidis, M. J. Lee, S. Mastroianni, P. Di Meo, Martin Berz, K. L. Giovanetti, D. Stratakis, G. Lukicov, C. Gabbanini, J.B. Hempstead, A. Weisskopf, V. Tishchenko, B. Kiburg, H. E. Swanson, O. Kim, Michael Syphers, R. Osofsky, T. Stuttard, J. Esquivel, Dariush Hampai, T. J. V. Bowcock, Adam L. Lyon, Z. Khechadoorian, Meghna Bhattacharya, T. Barrett, Martin Fertl, D. Shemyakin, V. A. Baranov, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, R. Madrak, Marin Karuza, D. Vasilkova, S. Park, N. Kinnaird, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, E. Ramberg, Nicholas A. Pohlman, D. Kawall, A. Schreckenberger, J. L. Ritchie, A. T. Herrod, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, L. K. Gibbons, J. Stapleton, Fabrizio Marignetti, K. Thomson, J. LaBounty, W. Gohn, G. Venanzoni, B. Li, Claudio Ferrari, Dinko Pocanic, S. P. Chang, S. Charity, T. Walton, T. P. Gorringe, Benjamin T. King, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, Sudeshna Ganguly, S. Lee, Ran Hong, M. D. Galati, A.T. Fienberg, William Morse, L. Welty-Rieger, Alejandro Garcia, J. Grange, J. Choi, Dongdong Li, D. W. Hertzog, A. Keshavarzi, M. Sorbara, F. Han, J. Bono, J. Mott, P. Kammel, C. Schlesier, Giovanni Cantatore, S. Di Falco, R. Chakraborty, C. C. Polly, J. P. Miller, M. Kiburg, J. Kaspar, David Rubin, S. Baeßler, K. R. Labe, N. S. Froemming, H. P. Binney, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, J. Price, N. Raha, Z. Hodge, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, Jason Crnkovic, D. A. Tarazona, C. Stoughton, A. Nath, Frederick Gray, David Kessler, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baessler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Conway, A., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luca, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stockinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Wu, W., Baeßler, S., Lucà, A., Počanić, D., and Stöckinger, D.

Subjects
Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Omega, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon, 0103 physical sciences, Proton spin crisis, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Larmor precession, Physics, Muon, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, VACUUM POLARIZATION CONTRIBUTIONSTEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCEPROTON NMRMOMENTSUSCEPTIBILITYTERMS, anomalous magnetic moment, Muon g-2 Experiment, anomalous precession frequency, Magnetic field, anomalous precession frequency, Muon g-2 Experiment, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has measured the anomalous precession frequency $a^{}_\mu = (g^{}_\mu-2)/2$ of the muon to a combined precision of 0.46 parts per million with data collected during its first physics run in 2018. This paper documents the measurement of the magnetic field in the muon storage ring. The magnetic field is monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance systems and calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^\circ$C. The measured field is weighted by the muon distribution resulting in $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, the denominator in the ratio $\omega^{}_a$/$\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ that together with known fundamental constants yields $a^{}_\mu$. The reported uncertainty on $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ for the Run-1 data set is 114 ppb consisting of uncertainty contributions from frequency extraction, calibration, mapping, tracking, and averaging of 56 ppb, and contributions from fast transient fields of 99 ppb., Comment: Added one citation and corrected missing normalization in Eqs (35) and (36)

Published
2021
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15. $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment

Author

Atsushi Takeda, Lorenzo Bellagamba, G. Eurin, J. Howlett, Shingo Kazama, M. Garbini, M. Messina, F. Joerg, H. Qiu, Jan Conrad, F. Semeria, Gabriella Sartorelli, Michelle Galloway, E. Shockley, A. Kopec, Qing Lin, L. Levinson, J.M.F. dos Santos, D. Masson, João Cardoso, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, F. Agostini, Miguel Silva, W. Fulgione, J. Ye, F. Gao, L. Grandi, Yuehuan Wei, J. P. Zopounidis, D. Cichon, E. López Fune, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, G. Koltman, S. Mastroianni, K. Morå, N. Rupp, Abbe Brown, F. Arneodo, M. Murra, R. Di Stefano, H. Landsman, K. Martens, Kaixuan Ni, Bart Pelssers, D. Wenz, M. Vargas, A. Gallo Rosso, Yanxi Zhang, C. Hasterok, N. Šarčević, R. Peres, C. Macolino, P. A. Breur, Sara Diglio, A. Depoian, C. Capelli, M. Selvi, L. Hoetzsch, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, F. Lombardi, Thomas Berger, C. Tunnell, A. Elykov, Ran Budnik, Elena Aprile, K. Odgers, Uwe Oberlack, Laura Baudis, Gian Carlo Trinchero, D. Ramírez García, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, A. Rocchetti, Stefan Lindemann, P. Gaemers, Giacomo Bruno, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, M. Clark, Joern Mahlstedt, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, J. A. M. Lopes, Z. Xu, J. Palacio, G. Plante, E. Angelino, J. Pienaar, M. Alfonsi, M. Kobayashi, R. Gaior, N. Kato, C. Wittweg, Jelle Aalbers, F. D. Amaro, Masaki Yamashita, Katsuki Hiraide, Yoshitaka Itow, A. Di Giovanni, Y. Mosbacher, Fabrizio Marignetti, Laura Manenti, M. Weiss, D. Coderre, R. F. Lang, Boris Bauermeister, P. Di Gangi, Guido Zavattini, A. Molinario, J. Qin, M. Scheibelhut, M. Iacovacci, C. Hils, O. Wack, T. Zhu, V. Pizzella, L. Althueser, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, C. Weinheimer, A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, A. D. Ferella, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Han Wang, G. Volta, E. Hogenbirk, V. C. Antochi, S. Schindler, D. Schulte, Dominique Thers, J. Westermann, S. Reichard, D. Barge, B. Cimmino, J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Auke-Pieter Colijn, F. Toschi, J. R. Angevaare, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E, Aalbers, J, Agostini, F, Alfonsi, M, Althueser, L, Amaro, F D, Antochi, V C, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J R, Arneodo, F, Barge, D, Baudis, L, Bauermeister, B, Bellagamba, L, Benabderrahmane, M L, Berger, T, Breur, P A, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Coderre, D, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cussonneau, J P, Decowski, M P, Depoian, A, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Stefano, R, Diglio, S, Elykov, A, Eurin, G, Ferella, A D, Fulgione, W, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Rosso, A Gallo, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Grandi, L, Garbini, M, Hasterok, C, Hils, C, Hiraide, K, Hoetzsch, L, Hogenbirk, E, Howlett, J, Iacovacci, M, Itow, Y, Joerg, F, Kato, N, Kazama, S, Kobayashi, M, Koltman, G, Kopec, A, Landsman, H, Lang, R F, Levinson, L, Lin, Q, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Lombardi, F, Lopes, J A M, López Fune, E, Macolino, C, Mahlstedt, J, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Marignetti, F, Undagoitia, T Marrodán, Martens, K, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Mastroianni, S, Messina, M, Miuchi, K, Molinario, A, Morå, K, Moriyama, S, Mosbacher, Y, Murra, M, Naganoma, J, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Odgers, K, Palacio, J, Pelssers, B, Peres, R, Pienaar, J, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Qin, J, Qiu, H, García, D Ramírez, Reichard, S, Rocchetti, A, Rupp, N, Santos, J M F Do, Sartorelli, G, Šarčević, N, Scheibelhut, M, Schindler, S, Schreiner, J, Schulte, D, Schumann, M, Lavina, L Scotto, Selvi, M, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shockley, E, Silva, M, Simgen, H, Takeda, A, Therreau, C, Thers, D, Toschi, F, Trinchero, G, Tunnell, C, Vargas, M, Volta, G, Wack, O, Wang, H, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, Westermann, J, Wittweg, C, Wulf, J, Xu, Z, Yamashita, M, Ye, J, Zavattini, G, Zhang, Y, Zhu, T, Zopounidis, J P, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Radon emanation, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, NO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, radon: nuclide, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Xenon, 222 Rn, PE2_2, PE2_1, 0103 physical sciences, Activity concentration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Dark Matter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), background: radioactivity, Physics, radon: admixture, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, screening, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Xenon, Dark matter, 222 Rn, radioactivity, Dark Matter, Radon emanation, XENON, Direct Dark Matter, Direct Dark Matter, radioactivity, Atomic physics
Abstract

The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the $^{222}$Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of 10 $\mu$Bq/kg in 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the $^{222}$Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate critical components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the $^{222}$Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final $^{222}$Rn activity concentration of (4.5 $\pm$ 0.1) $\mu$Bq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures

Published
2021

16. Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab

Author

K. S. Khaw, C. Schlesier, Diktys Stratakis, R. Fatemi, S. Corrodi, D. Newton, K. T. Pitts, R. T. Chislett, L. K. Gibbons, Kyoko Makino, E. Bottalico, A. Gioiosa, J. LaBounty, J. Bono, I. R. Bailey, P. Kammel, D. Kawall, T. J. V. Bowcock, H. P. Binney, W. Turner, A. T. Herrod, S. Miozzi, A. Schreckenberger, E. Valetov, N. H. Tran, K. W. Hong, J. Esquivel, M. Sorbara, Christopher Stoughton, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Lucà, L. Kelton, M. Eads, D. Stöckinger, T. Barrett, G. Piacentino, J. Mott, S. Baeßler, Bck Casey, Kayleigh Anne Thomson, Giovanni Cantatore, Rachel Osofsky, M. Kiburg, E. Barlas-Yucel, Michael Syphers, C. C. Polly, J. Choi, R. Chakraborty, D. Flay, David Rubin, J. Grange, N. A. Kuchinskiy, M. W. Smith, G. Lukicov, M. Iacovacci, G. Pauletta, J. L. Ritchie, B. MacCoy, L. Cotrozzi, V. N. Duginov, A. Lorente Campos, S. Lee, Ran Hong, G. Sweetmore, D.A. Sweigart, M. Korostelev, Dongdong Li, D. W. Hertzog, Alexander Keshavarzi, G. Di Sciascio, Alejandro L. Garcia, Liang Li, F. Han, D. Sathyan, A.T. Fienberg, Sultan B. Dabagov, M. J. Lee, S. P. Chang, Benjamin T. King, Marin Karuza, R. N. Pilato, M. Incagli, J.B. Hempstead, B. Quinn, L. Santi, N. Kinnaird, F. Gray, P. Winter, L. Welty-Rieger, Meghna Bhattacharya, H. Nguyen, P. Di Meo, T. Stuttard, A. L. Lyon, David Kessler, A. Chapelain, J. Kaspar, B. Li, Galati, Sudeshna Ganguly, Andrzej Wolski, A. Driutti, D. A. Tarazona, Brad Plaster, R. M. Carey, D. Cauz, G. Venanzoni, J. Fry, B. Kiburg, J. P. Miller, W. Gohn, B. L. Roberts, S. Grant, V. A. Baranov, Nicholas A. Pohlman, N. V. Khomutov, M. Farooq, Jason Crnkovic, A. Hibbert, K. R. Labe, P. T. Debevec, Thomas Teubner, S. Di Falco, J. D. Price, Yi Kim, I.B. Logashenko, Yannis K. Semertzidis, K. L. Giovanetti, A. E. Tewsley-Booth, E. Frlež, Martin Berz, S. Charity, T. Walton, Z. Khechadoorian, S. Ramachandran, A. Fiedler, T. P. Gorringe, William Morse, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, O. Kim, A. Weisskopf, Wanwei Wu, Karie Badgley, S. Mastroianni, J. L. Holzbauer, Manolis Kargiantoulakis, S. Park, A. Lusiani, T. Albahri, R. Madrak, Selcuk Haciomeroglu, Z. Chu, Dariush Hampai, Gavin Grant Hesketh, J. George, Tishchenko, D. Vasilkova, Franco Bedeschi, P. Bloom, Timothy Chupp, P. Girotti, Nathan Froemming, J. Stapleton, Dinko Pocanic, M. Lancaster, C. Gabbanini, N. Raha, H. E. Swanson, Martin Fertl, Z. Hodge, Tabitha Halewood-leagas, E. J. Ramberg, A. Nath, R. Di Stefano, E. Kraegeloh, Claudio Ferrari, Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baessler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlez, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., Labounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Lorente Campos, A., Luca, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., Maccoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stockinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Larmor precession, Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Surfaces and Interfaces, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), muon magnetic anomaly, 0103 physical sciences, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Fermilab, Pitch angle, 010306 general physics, G-2 EXPERIMENTFREQUENCY, Storage ring, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $\omega_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $\omega_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $\omega_a^m$., Comment: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

Published
2021
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17. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment

Author

K. Martens, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, N. Šarčević, A. Manfredini, G. Sartorelli, Laura Manenti, Gian Carlo Trinchero, K. Odgers, N. Kato, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, A. Depoian, L. Grandi, G. Koltman, E. López Fune, A. Rocchetti, P. Shagin, C. Wittweg, J. A. M. Lopes, D. Coderre, F. Toschi, P. Di Gangi, C. Hils, M. Selvi, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, J. Mahlstedt, G. Zavattini, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Sara Diglio, M. Messina, L. Scotto Lavina, D. Cichon, Michelle Galloway, T. Berger, A. Kopec, Qing Lin, Kaixuan Ni, Hardy Simgen, F. Joerg, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, A. D. Ferella, J. Long, N. Rupp, Bart Pelssers, Yuehuan Wei, Marc Schumann, W. Fulgione, Elena Aprile, A. Elykov, J. Ye, C. Tunnell, D. Schulte, E. Angelino, J.M.F. dos Santos, M. Iacovacci, April S. Brown, E. Shockley, Han Wang, Keita Mizukoshi, F. Agostini, Katsuki Hiraide, R. Di Stefano, Sebastian Lindemann, Jochen Schreiner, L. Althueser, A. Di Giovanni, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Reichard, Z. Xu, H. Landsman, G. Eurin, L. Levinson, D. Ramírez García, Atsushi Takeda, D. Masson, C. Hasterok, S. Bruenner, S. Mastroianni, J. Pienaar, Yanxi Zhang, Laura Baudis, D. Wenz, R. Peres, F. Arneodo, M. Clark, Auke-Pieter Colijn, D. Barge, João Cardoso, Giacomo Bruno, F. Gao, B. Cimmino, Kathrin Valerius, J. Qin, R. Gaior, A. Mancuso, Ran Budnik, Yoshitaka Itow, Uwe Oberlack, G. Volta, Ch. Weinheimer, Jelle Aalbers, C. Macolino, L. Hoetzsch, Y. Mosbacher, V. C. Antochi, M. Weiss, Julien Masbou, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, J. R. Angevaare, J. Howlett, H. Qiu, J. Palacio, Shingo Kazama, F. Semeria, M. Alfonsi, Jan Conrad, Masanori Kobayashi, Masaki Yamashita, Fabrizio Marignetti, L. Bellagamba, P. Gaemers, F. Lombardi, V. Pizzella, J. Naganoma, Shigetaka Moriyama, M. Murra, C. Capelli, K. Morå, T. Zhu, F. D. Amaro, Guillaume Plante, Boris Bauermeister, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, IoP (FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), XENON, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. L., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. M., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Mora, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Garcia, D. R., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., Dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Sarcevic, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. S., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Valerius, K., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Amaro, F.D., Antochi, V.C., Angevaare, J.R., Benabderrahmane, M.L., Cardoso, J.M.R., Colijn, A.P., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Stefano, R. Di, Ferella, A.D., Lang, R.F., Lopes, J.A.M., Fune, E. López, Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Morå, K., García, D. Ramírez, Santos, J.M.F. do, Šarčević, N., Lavina, L. Scotto, and Zopounidis, J.P.

Subjects
WIMP nucleon: scattering, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, NO, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, PE2_2, WIMP, PE2_1, electron: recoil, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, PE2_4, Dark matter experiment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, activity report, nucleus: recoil, Physics, xenon: liquid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dark matter experiments, dark matter simulations, sensitivity, Baryon, Dark matter experiments, Dark matter simulations, Weakly interacting massive particles, Nucleon, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to 12.3 ± 0.6 (keV t y)-1 and (2.2± 0.5)× 10−3 (keV t y)-1, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of 1.4×10−48 cm2 for a 50 GeV/c2 mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T . In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c2 WIMP with cross-sections above 2.6×10−48 cm2 (5.0×10−48 cm2) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3σ (5σ). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches 2.2×10−43 cm2 (6.0×10−42 cm2).

Published
2020

18. Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T

Author

A. Manfredini, L. Scotto Lavina, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, L. Levinson, Ch. Weinheimer, D. Masson, J. Pienaar, Qing Lin, Auke-Pieter Colijn, Laura Baudis, E. Angelino, João Cardoso, T. Zhu, J. R. Angevaare, F. Gao, Jelle Aalbers, P. Gaemers, F. Toschi, A. Di Giovanni, R. Di Stefano, W. Fulgione, Gabriella Sartorelli, M. Clark, Kentaro Miuchi, C. Therreau, Yuehuan Wei, F. D. Amaro, H. Landsman, A. Depoian, Guillaume Plante, J. Ye, M. Selvi, Joern Mahlstedt, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, D. Wenz, J. Qin, M. Alfonsi, R. Peres, D. Schulte, J. Long, J. P. Zopounidis, S. Moriyama, Boris Bauermeister, G. Eurin, R. Gaior, C. Hasterok, Ran Budnik, J.M.F. dos Santos, A. Kopec, Xavier Mougeot, Yoshitaka Itow, Michelle Galloway, C. Macolino, F. Agostini, N. Kato, J. Palacio, E. Shockley, A. Mancuso, M. Weiss, S. Reichard, Yanxi Zhang, L. Grandi, J. Schreiner, Sebastian Lindemann, M. P. Decowski, Shingo Kazama, Laura Manenti, G. Koltman, Marc Schumann, Manfred Lindner, R. F. Lang, E. López Fune, N. Rupp, P. Di Gangi, Guido Zavattini, F. Lombardi, Jan Conrad, S. Mastroianni, Uwe Oberlack, C. Hils, Masanori Kobayashi, F. Marignetti, S. Bruenner, Kaixuan Ni, K. Mizukoshi, F. Semeria, D. Ramírez García, V. Pizzella, N. Šarčević, Giacomo Bruno, T. Berger, Sara Diglio, A. Takeda, Masaki Yamashita, Y. Mosbacher, J. Howlett, Gian Carlo Trinchero, H. Qiu, A. Elykov, Lorenzo Bellagamba, F. Arneodo, Katsuki Hiraide, J. Naganoma, A. Rocchetti, D. Barge, B. Cimmino, G. Volta, M. Murra, V. C. Antochi, C. Capelli, P. Shagin, L. Hoetzsch, K. Morå, Julien Masbou, H. Simgen, Dominique Thers, C. Wittweg, K. Odgers, D. Coderre, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, April S. Brown, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Z. Xu, D. Cichon, Bart Pelssers, K. Martens, M. Messina, Elena Aprile, F. Joerg, C. Tunnell, M. Vargas, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. A. M. Lopes, M. Iacovacci, L. Althueser, Columbia University [New York], Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bologna, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Antochi, V. C., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Arneodo, F., Barge, D., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Bellagamba, L., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Stefano, R., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Grandi, L., Hasterok, C., Hils, C., Hiraide, K., Hoetzsch, L., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Joerg, F., Kato, N., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., López Fune, E., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Miuchi, K., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Palacio, J., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qin, J., Qiu, H., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, D., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shockley, E., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Takeda, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vargas, M., Volta, G., Wang, H., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zopounidis, J. P., Mougeot, X., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, XENON, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics [Chicago] (KICP), University of Chicago, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Nagoya University, Konan University [Kobe, Japan], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Rice University [Houston], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), XENON collaboration, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of California, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), IoP (FNWI), and XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
xenon: target, axions, solar axion, magnetic moment, dimension: 3, neutrino: solar, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Solar neutrino, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark matter, direct detection, axion, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, XENON, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), background: low, Recoil, electron: recoil, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], beta-rays, Particle Physics Experiments, coupling: (axion 2electron), multi-purpose particle detector, nuclear instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, instrumentation, Physics, xenon: liquid, boson: dark matter, axion 2nucleon, tritium, new physics: search for, semileptonic decay, boson: vector, tension, neutrino: magnetic moment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, axion 2photon, low background, boson, Neutrino, ionizing radiation, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), dark matter detector, electronic recoil, Electron capture, XENON1T detector, Dark matter, low-energy electronic recoil data, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], dark matter, NO, Nuclear physics, PE2_2, PE2_1, tritium: semileptonic decay, 0103 physical sciences, solar axion model, surface, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], axion: coupling, PE2_4, 010306 general physics, pseudoscalar, Axion, dark matter: vector, dark matter, XENON1T detector, electronic recoil, solar neutrino, detector, Dark Matter, Axions, Beta Decay, Liquid Xenon, TPC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, axion 2electron, coupling: (axion 2nucleon), dark matter: detector, model: axion, Gran Sasso, metrology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], axion, stellar constraints, coupling: (axion 2photon), High Energy Physics::Experiment, particle dark matter, direct detection, beta decay, axion: solar, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], experimental results
Abstract

We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4$\sigma$ significance, and a 3D 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by $g_{ae}, Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures. v2 added Ar37 background discussion and best-fit mass of bosonic dark matter, v3 updated Ar37 discussion, tritium estimation, and solar axion energy spectrum. Data in Fig. 2, 4, and 15, including unbinned energy points in Fig. 4, are available in 10.5281/zenodo.4088778

Published
2020

19. Intermittent Slip Along the Alto Tiberina Low‐Angle Normal Fault in Central Italy

Author

Alessandro Vuan, P. Brondi, R. Di Stefano, Monica Sugan, M. Michele, and Lauro Chiaraluce

Subjects
Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fault plane, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Normal fault, 01 natural sciences, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Alto Tiberina normal fault (ATF) in Central Italy is a 50 km long crustal structure that deepens at a low angle (15-20◦). Events on the fault plane are about ten times less than those located i...

Published
2020

21. Design and Performance of Data Acquisition and Control System for the Muon g-2 Laser Calibration

Author

G. Piacentino, P. Di Meo, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Nath, Dariush Hampai, G. Pauletta, Claudio Ferrari, D. Cauz, A. Anastasio, Marin Karuza, M. Incagli, Giovanni Cantatore, A. Gioiosa, R. Di Stefano, A. Driutti, Franco Bedeschi, A. Lusiani, A. Boiano, G. Di Sciascio, G. Venanzoni, M. Iacovacci, S. Mastroianni, G. Corradi, C. Gabbanini, A. Fioretti, L. Santi, Sultan B. Dabagov, Mastroianni, S., Anastasio, A., Bedeschi, F., Boiano, A., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Meo, P., Driutti, A., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Karuza, M., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Nath, A., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Santi, L., and Venanzoni, G.

Subjects
Calibration system, data acquisition (DAQ) and control, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer science, Interface (computing), 01 natural sciences, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Gate array, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Systems design, Fermilab, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Field-programmable gate array, Computer hardware
Abstract

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) will measure the muon magnetic anomaly with unprecedented precision (0.14 ppm), which yields a factor of 4 improvement with respect to the previous measurements at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) (E821). To achieve this goal, the relative response of each calorimeter channel must be calibrated and monitored at a level better than $10^{-3}$ in the time window of the muon fill. The calibration system uses a laser source and photodetectors. The data acquisition (DAQ) of the system is designed around two field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based boards and a custom crate bus. The front-end board manages the photodetector operation and signal processing and performs a first-level data concentration task. Up to 12 FPGA boards can be housed in a 6U crate. A readout master controls the boards, implements event-building functionalities, manages the monitoring interface, and facilitates calibration and debugging tasks. A gigabit-ethernet interface is used to transfer data to the on-line farm for storage and further processing. Presently, the system is working at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). In this article, we present the DAQ system design, run control user interface, and system evaluation.

Published
2020

22. An approach to light distribution for the calibration of high energy physics calorimeters

Author

Dariush Hampai, A. Gioiosa, L. Santi, V. Vujnović, Sultan B. Dabagov, Claudio Ferrari, N. Raha, M.D. Galati, E. Bottalico, Marin Karuza, G. Piacentino, R. Di Stefano, A. Nath, M. Sorbara, L. Cotrozzi, Fabrizio Marignetti, Giovanni Cantatore, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, P. Girotti, A. Lusiani, C. Gabbanini, M. Incagli, S. Mastroianni, A. Driutti, G. Venanzoni, M. Iacovacci, Anastasi, A., Bottalico, E., Cantatore, G., Cotrozzi, L., Dabagov, S., Stefano, R. Di, Driutti, A., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Gioiosa, A., Girotti, P., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Karuza, M., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Nath, A., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Sorbara, M., Venanzoni, G., and Vujnović, V.

Subjects
Physics, sources, Optics, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, Distribution (number theory), Calibration (statistics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams), Cherenkov detectors, particle-beams), Detector alignment and calibration methods(lasers, sources, particle-beams), Computational physics, Optic, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In high energy physics experiments, calorimeters are calibrated to produce precise and accurate results. Laser light can be used for calibration when the detectors are sensitive to photons in that particular energy range, which is often the case. Moreover, it is not unusual that detection systems consist of hundreds of channels that have to be calibrated independently, which produce stringent requirements on the light distribution system in terms of temporal and spatial stability, energy distribution and timing. Furthermore, the economic factor and the ease of production have to be taken into account. We present a prototype light distribution system, based on a series of optical beamsplitters, developed for the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab.

Published
2020

23. The Diverse Science Return from a Wide-Area Survey of the Galactic Plane

Author

Massimo Dall'Ora, David P. Bennett, E. Lin, Joshua Pepper, William A. Dawson, T. Naylor, M. Liu, N. J. Rattenbury, R. A. Street, Somayeh Khakpash, L. Wyrzykowski, N R Golovich, M. Hundertmark, Stephen T. Ridgway, M. T. Penny, Michael B. Lund, Yiannis Tsapras, M. Donachie, R. Di Stefano, Will Clarkson, Paula Szkody, and Markus Rabus

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Young stellar object, Population, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Galaxy, Exoplanet, Bulge, Neptune, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Survey data collection, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

The overwhelming majority of objects visible to LSST lie within the Galactic Plane. Though many previous surveys have avoided this region for fear of stellar crowding, LSST's spatial resolution combined with its state-of-the-art Difference Image Analysis mean that it can conduct a high cadence survey of most of the Galaxy for the first time. Here we outline the many areas of science that would greatly benefit from an LSST survey that included the Galactic Plane, Magellanic Clouds and Bulge at a cadence of 2-3 d. Particular highlights include measuring the mass spectrum of black holes, and mapping the population of exoplanets in the Galaxy in relation to variations in star forming environments. But the same survey data will provide a goldmine for a wide range of science, and we explore possible survey strategies which maximize the scientific return for a number of fields including young stellar objects, cataclysmic variables and Neptune Trojans.

Published
2019

24. Role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in the reparative mechanisms of stable ischemic myocardium

Author

Alberto Balbarini, Michele Menicagli, Cristian Scatena, N. Mancini, R. Di Stefano, Uberto Bortolotti, Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato, Francesca Felice, M.L.E. Picoi, Doralisa Morrone, Stefania Blasi, and A. De Martino

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemic myocardium, CD34, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Myocardial infarction, Progenitor cell, Medicine (all), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business.industry, medicine.disease, Peripheral, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, embryonic structures, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Bone marrow, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Artery
Abstract

Background Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into circulation from bone marrow in patients with acute myocardial infarction has strong scientific evidence; less is known about EPC mobilization in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of stable ischemic heart disease with EPC levels in tissue and blood. Methods Fifty-five consecutive patients admitted to a single treatment center for valve or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in the morning before surgery and analyzed by flow-cytometry to determine peripheral EPC levels (EPC/ml). Tissue EPC (CD34+VEGFR2+) levels were assessed on a right atrial appendage segment. Results Mean age was 76±5years, 48% were men, and 53% had CAD The number of CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells in the tissue of patients with CAD was significantly higher ( p Conclusion Patients with stable CAD had higher EPC density values (EPC/mm2) and were more likely to have lower EPC blood levels when compare with normal controls.

Published
2018

25. Predicting gravitational lensing by stellar remnants

Author

R. Di Stefano, C. Baker, Sébastien Lépine, Johnson O. Urama, D. Pham, and Alexander J Harding

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Population, Astronomy, White dwarf, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrometry, Compact star, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Neutron star, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Gravitational lensing provides a means to measure mass that does not rely on detecting and analysing light from the lens itself. Compact objects are ideal gravitational lenses, because they have relatively large masses and are dim. In this paper we describe the prospects for predicting lensing events generated by the local population of compact objects, consisting of 250 neutron stars, 5 black holes, and approximately 35,000 white dwarfs. By focusing on a population of nearby compact objects with measured proper motions and known distances from us, we can measure their masses by studying the characteristics of any lensing event they generate. Here we concentrate on shifts in the position of a background source due to lensing by a foreground compact object. With HST, JWST, and Gaia, measurable centroid shifts caused by lensing are relatively frequent occurrences. We find that 30-50 detectable events per decade are expected for white dwarfs. Because relatively few neutron stars and black holes have measured distances and proper motions, it is more difficult to compute realistic rates for them. However, we show that at least one isolated neutron star has likely produced detectable events during the past several decades. This work is particularly relevant to the upcoming data releases by the Gaia mission and also to data that will be collected by JWST. Monitoring predicted microlensing events will not only help to determine the masses of compact objects, but will also potentially discover dim companions to these stellar remnants, including orbiting exoplanets.

Published
2017

26. The 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence: A First Look at the Mainshocks, Aftershocks, and Source Models

Author

Emanuele Casarotti, Elisa Tinti, Diana Latorre, Laura Scognamiglio, Simone Marzorati, Anna Maria Lombardi, Claudio Chiarabba, M. Michele, Marco Cattaneo, Lauro Chiaraluce, P. De Gori, Giancarlo Monachesi, Luisa Valoroso, and R. Di Stefano

Subjects
geography, Series (stratigraphy), geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coseismic slip, Fault (geology), Normal-fault system, L'Aquila earthquake, Central Apennines, rupture history, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Extensional definition, Sequence (geology), Geophysics, Upper crust, Normal fault, Seismology, Aftershock, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The 2016 central Italy seismic sequence consists so far of a series of moderate‐to‐large earthquakes activating within a few months along a 60‐km‐long and Apenninic‐trending normal‐fault system. Regrettably, the high vulnerability of the local infrastructure and the shallowness of the largest events (depth around 8 km) resulted in 299 casualties and more than 20,000 homeless, with great difficulties in the disaster management. The sequence evolved around its largest event ( M w 6.5, 30 October) that occurred right in the middle of a fault system already activated two months before with a first M w 6.0 mainshock (on 24 August) located to the south near the town of Amatrice. Then, another M w 5.9 mainshock occurred just four days before the largest mainshock (26 October) at the northernmost extent of the sequence, near the town of Visso. We analyze the space–time evolution of the first four months of seismic activity through the relocation of ∼26,000 earthquakes and the kinematic source models of the three mainshocks. All the main events nucleated at the base of a southwest‐dipping normal‐fault system segmented by the presence of crosscutting compressional structures. The presence of these inherited faults, separating diverse geological domains, appears to modulate evolution of the sequence interfering with coseismic slip distribution and fault segments interaction. Several secondary antithetic and synthetic faults are located at a shallow depth (

Published
2017

27. Muon g-2 calibration system data flow

Author

S. Ceravolo, D. Moricciani, G. Piacentino, G. Corradi, A. Lusiani, O. Escalante, N. Raha, S. Di Falco, Claudio Ferrari, S. Donati, Gianluca Gagliardi, S. Mastroianni, Franco Bedeschi, P. Di Meo, Saverio Avino, G. Venanzoni, A. Boiano, A. Fioretti, D. Cauz, A. Anastasi, G. Pauletta, L. Santi, R. Di Stefano, Dariush Hampai, A. Nath, Giovanni Cantatore, A. Gioiosa, A. Anastasio, M. Iacovacci, Marin Karuza, S.B. Dabagov, C. Gabbanini, G. Di Sciascio, M. W. Smith, M. Incagli, A. Driutti, Fabrizio Marignetti, Anastasi, A., Anastasio, A., Avino, S., Bedeschi, F., Boiano, A., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Ceravolo, S., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Donati, S., Driutti, A., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gagliardi, G., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Karuza, M., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Nath, A., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Smith, M. W., and Venanzoni, G.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Laser calibration, DAQ, Monitoring system, muon: magnetic moment, laser, data acquisition, programming, electronics: design, control system, signal processing, Change control board, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Data acquisition, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Fermilab, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, DAQ, Laser calibration, Monitoring system, Process (computing), Data flow diagram, Laser calibration, DAQ, Monitoring system, business, Computer hardware, Laser calibration, Monitoring system, DAQ
Abstract

In the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab, a calibration apparatus based on a set of laser sources and a distribution system has been designed and implemented by the INFN group. The light pulses are read by specific photo-detectors, whose signals are digitized by custom electronics modules designed to match the experimental requirements. The data frames of each module are transmitted to a controller board that performs the event-building process and transfers the reconstructed data to the online farm. In this work we present the architecture and data flow of the acquisition system that depends on the laser calibration program defined inside the Laser Control board. Experimental results on the overall system performances, also including the software processes running both at controller and farm level will be described.

Published
2019

28. Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)

Author

Kaisey S. Mandel, C. M. Peters, Etienne Bachelet, Daniel Muthukrishna, V. A. Villar, Maria R. Drout, D. F. Chernoff, Rahul Biswas, Peter J. Brown, S. Daniel, M. Dai, Richard Kessler, Andrej Prsa, Steven A. Rodney, K. A. Ponder, James Guillochon, Renée Hložek, R. Di Stefano, Andrew J. Connolly, David O. Jones, Lluís Galbany, A. O’Grady, Emille E. O. Ishida, Melissa L. Graham, Saurabh Jha, Arturo Avelino, J. D. R. Pierel, Santiago González-Gaitán, Gautham Narayan, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), LSST Dark Energy Science, Transient, Variable Stars Science, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mandel, Kaisey [0000-0001-9846-4417], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Time series classification, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, 01 natural sciences, Sample (graphics), techniques: miscellaneous, Space and Planetary Science, Simulated data, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; We describe the simulated data sample for the Photometric Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC), a publicly available challenge to classify transient and variable events that will be observed by the LSST, a new facility expected to start in the early 2020s. The challenge was hosted by Kaggle, ran from 2018 September 28 to December 17, and included 1094 teams competing for prizes. Here we provide details of the 18 transient and variable source models, which were not revealed until after the challenge, and release the model libraries at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2612896. We describe the LSST Operations Simulator used to predict realistic observing conditions, and we describe the publicly available SNANA simulation code used to transform the models into observed fluxes and uncertainties in the LSST passbands (ugrizy). Although PLAsTiCC has finished, the publicly available models and simulation tools are being used within the astronomy community to further improve classification, and to study contamination in photometrically identified samples of SN Ia used to measure properties of dark energy. Our simulation framework will continue serving as a platform to improve the PLAsTiCC models, and to develop new models.

Published
2019
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29. The calibration system of the Muon g-2 experiment

Author

M. Incagli, A. Driutti, Dariush Hampai, Franco Bedeschi, N. Raha, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Fioretti, A. Nath, A. Lusiani, G. Corradi, L. Santi, D. Moricciani, G. Piacentino, Marin Karuza, S. Mastroianni, A. Basti, D. Cauz, A. Gioiosa, S. Donati, M. Sorbara, Giovanni Cantatore, O. Escalante, G. Venanzoni, S. Di Falco, S.B. Dabagov, Melanie Ann Smith, G. Di Sciascio, C. Gabbanini, G. Pauletta, M. Iacovacci, Claudio Ferrari, R. Di Stefano, Driutti, A., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Donati, S., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Karuza, M., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Nath, A., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Smith, M., Sorbara, M., and Venanzoni, G.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Laser system, Muon g-2, Calibration methods, Optics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Calibration method, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Muon, Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Calibration methods, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Laser system, Muon g-2, Optics, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Laser system, Muon g-2, Calibration methods, Optics, Laser, Calorimeter, Optic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Beam (structure), Storage ring
Abstract

The Muon g –2 experiment at Fermilab (E989) plans to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 140 parts per billion (ppb), which corresponds to a total uncertainty of 1 . 6 × 1 0 − 10 . To achieve this level of precision the experiment must detect more than 1 . 8 × 1 0 11 decay positrons by using the 24 calorimeters distributed around the muon storage ring. Each calorimeter consists of 54 Pb F 2 crystals read out by SiPMs. The response of each of the 1296 channels must be calibrated and monitored to keep uncertainties due to gain fluctuations at the sub-per mil level in the time interval corresponding to one beam fill ( 700 μ s ) and at the sub-percent level on longer time scales. These requirements are much more demanding than those needed by most high energy physics experiments. This paper presents a novel laser-based calibration system that distributes light to all calorimeter cells, while allowing one to correct for laser intensity fluctuations and to monitor the distribution chain stability at unprecedented levels of accuracy. Results on the system performance during the first few months of stored muon operation in 2018 are also presented.

Published
2019
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30. The monitoring electronics of the laser calibration system in the Muon g-2 experiment

Author

A. Gioiosa, Gianluca Gagliardi, G. Corradi, A. Nath, M. Incagli, Claudio Ferrari, D. Moricciani, G. Di Sciascio, Saverio Avino, A. Driutti, G. Pauletta, S. Ceravolo, G. Piacentino, S. Donati, A. Anastasio, O. Escalante, M. Iacovacci, D. Cauz, Marin Karuza, N. Raha, M. W. Smith, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Boiano, G. Venanzoni, S. Di Falco, A. Fioretti, Giovanni Cantatore, Sultan B. Dabagov, A. Anastasi, R. Di Stefano, C. Gabbanini, L. Santi, S. Mastroianni, Franco Bedeschi, A. Lusiani, Dariush Hampai, S. Di Meo, Anastasi, A., Anastasio, A., Avino, S., Bedeschi, F., Boiano, A., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Ceravolo, S., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, S., Donati, S., Driutti, A., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gagliardi, G., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Karuza, M., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Nath, A., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Smith, M. W., and Venanzoni, G.

Subjects
Calorimetry, DAQ, Front-end, Laser calibration, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, Calorimetry, Laser calibration, Front-end, DAQ, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Fermilab, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Magnetic storage, Laser, Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

The new Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab (E989) will measure the muon anomaly a μ = (g μ -2)/2 to an uncertainty of 16 x 10−11 (0.14 ppm). The experiment is running with a positive muon beam. The decay positrons are detected by 24 electromagnetic calorimeters placed on the inner radius of the magnetic storage ring. As the gain fluctuation of each calorimeter channel must be corrected to a few parts in 104, a state-of-art laser calibration system has been realized which provides short laser pulses to the calorimeters. The monitoring of these light signals is done by specific photo-detectors read by a specialized Monitoring Electronics, which is organized in devoted crates and performs the full data acquisition of the calibration signals starting from pre-amplification, then digitization and finally transfer of the information. Here we describe few key elements of the whole system, namely the single readout channel of the Monitoring Board.

Published
2019

31. Nanoparticles based on quaternary ammonium–chitosan conjugate: A vehicle for oral administration of antioxidants contained in red grapes

Author

Letizia Mattii, Ylenia Zambito, Angela Fabiano, R. Di Stefano, Alessandra Braca, and Francesca Felice

Subjects
Chitosan-hyaluronan nanoparticles, 0301 basic medicine, food.ingredient, Materials science, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmaceutical Science, Quaternized chitosan, Chitosan, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, food, Oral administration, Fluorescence microscope, medicine, Ammonium, Chromatography, Ussing chamber, Grape seed extract, Nanoparticle intestinal absorption, Natural antioxidant administration, Thiolated quaternized chitosan, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Conjugate
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that nanoparticles (NP), obtained by ionotropic crosslinking of reduced-MW chitosan (rCh) derivatives with reduced-MW hyaluronan (rHA), could be profitable vehicles for oral administration of beneficial doses of antioxidant constituents of red grape seeds extracts (GSE). NP have previously shown aptitude for internalisation by endothelial progenitor cells. Here they were seen by a fluorescence microscope migrating across excised rat intestine from mucosal to serosal side and permeating from the donor to the acceptor compartment of an Ussing chamber while carrying significant (15–20%) steadily associated fractions of initial antioxidant load. Freshly prepared NP dispersions were stabilised by lyophilisation. The NP dispersions were regenerated from the lyophilised products by adding water under gentle stirring. Lyophilisation-regeneration caused a significant NP size increase yet particles did not grow beyond the upper size limit of particles able to cross the intestinal barrier (500 nm).

Published
2016

32. Reply letter to Dr. Xu et al. on role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in the reparative mechanisms of stable ischemic myocardium

Author

Francesca Felice, A. De Martino, Michele Menicagli, Alberto Balbarini, Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato, Doralisa Morrone, M.L.E. Picoi, Uberto Bortolotti, N. Mancini, Stefania Blasi, Cristian Scatena, and R. Di Stefano

Subjects
Ischemic myocardium, business.industry, Myocardium, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Cell Count, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer research, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Progenitor cell, Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Physiologic, Neovascularization
Published
2018

34. Test of candidate light distributors for the muon(g−2)laser calibration system

Author

Marin Karuza, R. Di Stefano, D. Cauz, M. Iacovacci, A. Fioretti, Claudio Ferrari, D. Babusci, A. Anastasi, G. Venanzoni, D. Moricciani, S. Mastroianni, D. W. Hertzog, Petra Koester, F. Baffigi, L. Fulgentini, J. Kaspar, L. A. Gizzi, Giovanni Cantatore, C. Gabbanini, L. Labate, G. Pauletta, L. Santi, Dariush Hampai, G. Di Sciascio, A.T. Fienberg, Sultan B. Dabagov, and G. Corradi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Laser, law.invention, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Integrating sphere, Optics, law, Calibration, Transmittance, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, business, Instrumentation, Diffuser (optics)
Abstract

The new muon (g−2) experiment E989 at Fermilab will be equipped with a laser calibration system for all the 1296 channels of the calorimeters. An integrating sphere and an alternative system based on an engineered diffuser have been considered as possible light distributors for the experiment. We present here a detailed comparison of the two based on temporal response, spatial uniformity, transmittance and time stability.

Published
2015

35. The lithosphere and asthenosphere system in Italy as inferred from the Vp and Vs 3D velocity model and Moho map

Author

R. Di Stefano and Maria Grazia Ciaccio

Subjects
Geophysics, Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, Receiver function, Tomography, Seismology, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes, Controlled source
Abstract

We present an updated high-resolution tomographic P- and S-wave velocity model of the lithosphere and asthenosphere system in Italy, obtained by adding the observations from ∼25,000 earthquakes (recorded between 2003 and April 2012 at three-component stations) to the previously inverted dataset (165,000 P-wave phases from ∼8000 events recorded between 1988 and 2002 at single-component). The final dataset includes ∼586,000 P- and ∼290,000 S-wave arrival times. The main strength of this research is the use of a method able to model P- and S-seismic phases refracted at the Moho discontinuity. We use a new and original map of the 3D Moho geometry obtained by integrating selected high quality controlled source seismology (CSS) and teleseismic receiver function data. Resolution strongly benefits also from the fast increase in number and quality of INGV National Seismic Network since year 2003 and from its integration with several permanent regional seismic networks. This study confirms the main structural features in the best-resolved parts of the inverted volume and much better images details in the less resolved areas of previous Vp models, due to both the larger number of inverted phases and the more even distribution of seismic stations. A new 3D Vp/Vs model is presented and discussed. Shallow structures and the relationships between the Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, and Adria plates are better imaged.

Published
2014

37. P5319Extra virgin olive oil and apples enriched-dark chocolate consumption and endothelial function: a randomized crossover trial in patients with cardiovascular risk factors

Author

Francesca Felice, Luca Sebastiani, Mario Cifelli, Marco Romi, Alessandra Francini, Claudio Cantini, R. Di Stefano, Valentina Domenici, V. Di Bello, and Ester Belardinelli

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Malus, biology, business.industry, Cardiovascular risk factors, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Dark chocolate, biology.organism_classification, Crossover study, food.food, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, food, Medicine, In patient, Food science, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Olive oil
Published
2017

38. P2406The integrated value of sST2 and global longitudinal strain in the early stratification of patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: a translational imaging approach

Author

Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Enrico Calogero, Iacopo Fabiani, Valentina Barletta, Cristian Scatena, L. Conte, R. Di Stefano, V. Di Bello, Uberto Bortolotti, Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato, and Tatiana Santoni

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal strain, business.industry, Internal medicine, Aortic valve stenosis, medicine, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Value (mathematics), Stratification (mathematics)
Published
2017

40. The Laser Control System for a Calibration Facility of a Light Based Detector

Author

M. Iacovacci, Fabrizio Marignetti, S. Mastroianni, O. Escalante, and R. Di Stefano

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Monitoring, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Interface (computing), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Data acquisition, Hardware, law, Gate array, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Calibration, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Laser theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics, Detector, Field programmable gate arrays, Detectors, Calibration, Detectors, Physics, Laser theory, Monitoring, Field programmable gate arrays, Hardware, Laser, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Calorimeter, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Control system, business
Abstract

Laser calibration facilities play a key role in the study and characterization of detectors like electromagnetic or hadronic calorimeters. They can be operated both during physics data taking and off runs. Typically, these facilities are based on a laser source which delivers light to each detector element via a light distribution system. The laser control (LC) system typically manages the interface between the experiment and the laser source, allowing the generation of light pulses according to specific needs such as detector calibration, study of detector performance in running conditions, and evaluation of data acquisition performance. Any specific implementation depends on hardware features. As an example, light pulses could be generated according to a physics distribution during physics runs or real data taking. In this case, light pulses should be generated according to a pattern that follows a programmable function and changes on a statistical base event by event. In this paper, we present a LC system for calibration of a calorimeter. It is a custom solution based on a hybrid platform hosting a field-programmable gate array and an ARM processor. We present the system architecture and the performances of a preliminary implementation. This system, in a more specific and specialized version, will be used in the Muon g-2 experiment (E989) at Fermilab.

Published
2017

41. Geant4 simulations of the lead fluoride calorimeter

Author

A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, A. Lusiani, Dariush Hampai, C. Gabbanini, A. Liedl, Marin Karuza, G. Piacentino, D. Cauz, O. Escalante, A. Gioiosa, A. Basti, Alexey Alexandrovich Tishchenko, D. Moricciani, N. Raha, G. Pauletta, Franco Bedeschi, S. Mastroianni, L. Santi, Mariantonietta Bartolini, S.B. Dabagov, G. Di Sciascio, Fabrizio Marignetti, Claudio Ferrari, R. Di Stefano, Mikhail N. Strikhanov, A. A. Savchenko, M. Iacovacci, A. Driutti, G. Corradi, Giovanni Cantatore, G. Venanzoni, Savchenko, A. A., Tishchenko, A. A., Dabagov, S. B., Anastasi, A., Venanzoni, G., Strikhanov, M. N., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Bartolini, M., Cantatore, Giovanni, Cauz, D., Corradi, G., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Karuza, M., Liedl, A., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Basti, Giulia, Bartolini, Matteo, Cantatore, G., ESCALANTE AGUIRRE, Octavio, Marignetti, Fabrizio, and Lusiani, Alberto

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Electromagnetic calorimeter, law, 0103 physical sciences, Lead-fluoride crystals Electromagnetic calorimeter Geant4 optical processes G-2 experiment Muon experiment, G-2 experiment, Geant4 optical processes, Lead-fluoride crystals, Muon experiment, Instrumentation, Geant4 optical processe, Cherenkov radiation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Bremsstrahlung, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Lead-fluoride crystal, Transition radiation, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics, Storage ring
Abstract

In this paper we simulate the emission by charged particles in complex structures with help of Geant4. We take into account Cherenkov radiation, transition radiation, bremsstrahlung, pair production and other accompanying processes. As an application we investigate the full size electromagnetic calorimeter for the muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab. A calorimeter module (24 are expected in the experiment) consists of a Delrin front panel for installation of the laser calibration system, 54 PbF2 Cherenkov crystals wrapped by the black Millipore paper, and silicon photo-multiplier sensors. We report here on a simulation of radiation from positrons passing through the calorimeter system. We carry out the simulation using Geant4 toolkit, which provides a complete set of tools for all areas of detector simulation: geometry, tracking, detector response, run, event and track management, and visualization. We consider Cherenkov photons expansion when a positron moves down through the calorimeter at the arbitrary angle of incidence. Both spectral and angular distributions of Cherenkov optical photons in different parts of the calorimeter system have been evaluated as well as the transition radiation and pre-shower distributions from the panel and from the Al vacuum chamber of the storage ring. (The paper is in progress)., Comment: The 7th International Conference "Channeling 2016 - Charged & Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena"/ in progress

Published
2017

42. The Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment: Laser calibration system

Author

S.B. Dabagov, S. Mastroianni, M. Bartolini, L. Santi, Claudio Ferrari, A. Driutti, A. Nath, G. Di Sciascio, D. Cauz, R. Di Stefano, A. Liedl, N. Raha, Fabrizio Marignetti, M. Iacovacci, O. Escalante, Marin Karuza, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, D. Moricciani, Dariush Hampai, Giovanni Cantatore, G. Venanzoni, G. Piacentino, A. Basti, F. Bedeschi, G. Corradi, A. Lusiani, G. Pauletta, C. Gabbanini, A. Gioiosa, Karuza, M., Anastasi, A., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Bartolini, M., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Iacovacci, M., Liedl, A., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Nath, A., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Santi, L., Venanzoni, G., Cantatore, Giovanni, Sciascio, G. Di, and Stefano, R. Di

Subjects
Particle physics, sources, magnetic moment, Instrumentation, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams), Measure (physics), Laser, Cherenkov detectors, Lasers, Optics, Mathematical Physics, Electron, muon dipole moment, 01 natural sciences, muon, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, laser calibration, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, Physics, Calibration system, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, particle-beams), Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, Dipole, Calibration system, muon, magnetic moment, Optic, ELECTRON, Cherenkov detector
Abstract

The anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment can be measured (and calculated) with great precision thus providing insight on the Standard Model and new physics. Currently an experiment is under construction at Fermilab (U.S.A.) which is expected to measure the anomalous muon dipole magnetic moment with unprecedented precision. One of the improvements with respect to the previous experiments is expected to come from the laser calibration system which has been designed and constructed by the Italian part of the collaboration (INFN). Furthermore, an emphasis of this paper will be on the calibration system that is in the final stages of construction as well as the experiment which is expected to start data taking this year.

Published
2017

43. Electron beam test of key elements of the laser-based calibration system for the muon g - 2 experiment

Author

A. Gioiosa, A. Basti, G. Pauletta, R. Di Stefano, D. Moricciani, D. W. Hertzog, D. Cauz, Claudio Ferrari, A.T. Fienberg, A. Driutti, S.B. Dabagov, M. Bartolini, M. Iacovacci, Giovanni Cantatore, G. Corradi, G. Di Sciascio, O. Escalante, N. Raha, A. Liedl, J. Kaspar, G. Venanzoni, L. Santi, S. Mastroianni, G. M. Piacentino, Dariush Hampai, E. Rossi, A. Fioretti, A. Anastasi, Marin Karuza, Fabrizio Marignetti, A. Lusiani, C. Gabbanini, Franco Bedeschi, Anastasi, A., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Bartolini, M., Cantatore, G., Cauz, D., Corradi, G., Dabagov, S., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Escalante, O., Ferrari, C., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Gabbanini, C., Gioiosa, A., Hampai, D., Hertzog, D. W., Iacovacci, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Liedl, A., Lusiani, A., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Moricciani, D., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Raha, N., Rossi, E., Santi, L., Venanzoni, G., Cantatore, Giovanni, and Lusiani, Alberto

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Laser, Muon, Instrumentation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, Measuring instrument, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report the test of many of the key elements of the laser-based calibration system for muon g - 2 experiment E989 at Fermilab. The test was performed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati's Beam Test Facility using a 450 MeV electron beam impinging on a small subset of the final g - 2 lead-fluoride crystal calorimeter system. The calibration system was configured as planned for the E989 experiment and uses the same type of laser and most of the final optical elements. We show results regarding the calorimeter's response calibration, the maximum equivalent electron energy which can be provided by the laser and the stability of the calibration system components., Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Methods A

Published
2017

44. Candida zemplinina for Production of Wines with Less Alcohol and More Glycerol

Author

S. Di Maio, M Squadrito, Antonio Scacco, R. Di Stefano, P. Giaramida, D. Oliva, G. Ponticello, Ettore Barone, G Genna, Gabriele Amore, Onofrio Corona, Giaramida P, Ponticello G, Di Maio S, Squadrito M, Genna G, Barone E, Scacco A, Corona O, Amore G, Di Stefano R, and Oliva D

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, Inoculation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, food and beverages, Alcohol, Settore AGR/15 - Scienze E Tecnologie Alimentari, biology.organism_classification, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-Saccharomyces, Candida zemplinina, mixed fermentations, Cz3, spontaneous fermentations, Yeast, Winery, Candida zemplinina, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Glycerol, Fermentation, Food science
Abstract

We developed a new protocol for winery mixed fermentations, using the selected Candida zemplinina yeast strain Cz3. The results of a two-year study, in which red musts (Merlot in 2010; Merlot, Nero d’Avola and Frappato in 2011) were inoculated with Cz3, is discussed. These wines were compared with wines obtained by inoculation with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (NDA21 and AR06 in 2010; NDA21 in 2011), or with those obtained by spontaneous fermentation (only in 2011). The inoculation of Cz3 always resulted in a two-phase fermentation: the first phase was driven by the C. zemplinina strain, while the second was dominated by the indigenous S. cerevisiae yeasts coming from the grapes and/or the winery. In both years the Cz3 wines contained less alcohol and more glycerol than those made with the commercial yeast strains or those obtained by spontaneous fermentation. Triangle tests showed that a sensorial difference between wines could only be achieved through the utilisation of Cz3.

Published
2016

45. Radiography of a normal fault system by 64,000 high-precision earthquake locations: The 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) case study

Author

Davide Piccinini, Luisa Valoroso, Felix Waldhauser, R. Di Stefano, Lauro Chiaraluce, and David P. Schaff

Subjects
Seismic gap, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Transform fault, Aseismic creep, Active fault, Elastic-rebound theory, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fault scarp, Strike-slip tectonics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

[1] We studied the anatomy of the fault system where the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (MW 6.1) nucleated by means of ~64 k high-precision earthquake locations spanning 1 year. Data were analyzed by combining an automatic picking procedure for P and S waves, together with cross-correlation and double-difference location methods reaching a completeness magnitude for the catalogue equal to 0.7 including 425 clusters of similar earthquakes. The fault system is composed by two major faults: the high-angle L'Aquila fault and the listric Campotosto fault, both located in the first 10 km of the upper crust. We detect an extraordinary degree of detail in the anatomy of the single fault segments resembling the degree of complexity observed by field geologists on fault outcrops. We observe multiple antithetic and synthetic fault segments tens of meters long in both the hanging wall and footwall along with bends and cross fault intersections along the main fault and fault splays. The width of the L'Aquila fault zone varies along strike from 0.3 km where the fault exhibits the simplest geometry and experienced peaks in the slip distribution, up to 1.5 km at the fault tips with an increase in the geometrical complexity. These characteristics, similar to damage zone properties of natural faults, underline the key role of aftershocks in fault growth and co-seismic rupture propagation processes. Additionally, we interpret the persistent nucleation of similar events at the seismicity cutoff depth as the presence of a rheological (i.e., creeping) discontinuity explaining how normal faults detach at depth.

Published
2013

46. The laser control system for a calibration facility of light detector

Author

O. Escalante, R. Di Stefano, M. Iacovacci, S. Mastroianni, Fabrizio Marignetti, Mastroianni S., Di Stefano R., Escalante O., Iacovacci M., Marignetti F., Mastroianni, S., Di Stefano, R., Escalante, O., Iacovacci, M., and Marignetti, F.

Subjects
Physics, Monitoring, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Interface (computing), Detector, Data acquisition, Laser modes, Laser theory, Calibration, Detectors, Monitoring, Physics, Data acquisition, Detectors, Laser modes, Laser, Calorimeter, law.invention, law, Control and Systems Engineering, Control system, Calibration, Systems architecture, Electronic engineering, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Laser theory
Abstract

Laser calibration facilities play a key role in the study and characterization of detectors like electromagnetic or hadronie calorimeters. They can be operated both during physics data taking and off run. Typically these facilities are based on a lasers source which deliver light to each detector element via a light distribution system. The laser control system typically manages the interface between the experiment and the laser source, allowing the generation of light pulses according to specific needs as detector calibration, study of detector performance in running conditions, evaluation of DAQ performance. Any specific implementation depends on hardware features. As an example light pulses could be generated according to a physics distribution as it appens in physics run or real data taking. In this case light pulses should be generated according to a pattern which follows a programmable function and changes on a statistical base event by event. In this work we present a laser control system for calibration of a calorimeter. It is a custom solution based on an hybrid platform hosting an FPGA and an ARM processor. We present the system architecture and the performances of a preliminary implementation.

Published
2016

47. Role of IL-28B and inosine triphosphatase polymorphisms in efficacy and safety of Peg-Interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C compensated cirrhosis with and without oesophageal varices

Author

Donatella Ferraro, Vincenza Calvaruso, R. Di Stefano, Antonio Craxì, Rosaria Maria Pipitone, Stefania Grimaudo, and V. Di Marco

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Hepatology, Combination therapy, business.industry, Ribavirin, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Virology, Internal medicine, Immunology, medicine, Portal hypertension, ITPA, Varices, Rapid Virologic Response, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract

Summary. Genetic factors can influence the outcome of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We evaluated the role of interleukin-28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variants in HCV cirrhosis treated with Peg-Interferon and ribavirin. A prospective cohort of 233 patients with compensated cirrhosis received 1–1.5 μg/kg/week of Peg-Interferon alpha-2b plus 1000–1200 mg/day of RBV for 48 weeks. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 27% of patients. On multivariate logistic analysis, the absence of oesophageal varices (OR 3.64 CI 95% 1.27–10.44 P = 0.016), infection with genotype 2 or 3 (OR 4.06, CI 95% 1.08–15.26, P = 0.038), C/C alleles of rs12979860 SNP (OR 7.04, CI 95% 2.40–20.72, P

Published
2012

48. Electromagnetic Analysis of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines With Fractional Windings With Experimental Validation

Author

Fabrizio Marignetti and R. Di Stefano

Subjects
Stator, Permanent magnet synchronous generator, permanent magnet machines, law.invention, Harmonic analysis, Control theory, law, electromagnetic modeling, Torque ripple, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Rotor (electric), business.industry, Electrical engineering, Axial-flux machines, soft magnetic composites, loss measurement, performance evaluation, rotating machines, Control and Systems Engineering, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Harmonics, synchronous machines, business, soft magnetic materials
Abstract

Axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are suitable for direct drive applications. Axial-flux PM synchronous machines with fractional windings provide high power density, low torque ripple, and sinusoidal phase voltages, but suffer from high rotor losses due to stator field harmonics and slotting. This paper formulates an electromagnetic model based on the polar coordinate representation of the air-gap magnetic field. No-load and load tests are carried out on a soft-magnetic-composite stator axial-flux machine to validate the model. Rotor losses represent the largest loss figure in this machine. Most rotor losses are due to slotting harmonics.

Published
2012

49. Effects of supermassive binary black holes on gravitational lenses

Author

R. Di Stefano, Abraham Loeb, Nan Li, Shude Mao, and Liang Gao

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radius, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, law.invention, Black hole, Lens (optics), Gravitation, Core (optical fiber), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cross section (physics), Binary black hole, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

Recent observations indicate that many if not all galaxies host massive central black holes (BHs). In this paper we explore the influence of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) on their actions as gravitational lenses. When lenses are modelled as singular isothermal ellipsoids, binary black holes change the critical curves and caustics differently as a function of distance. Each black hole can in principle create at least one additional image, which, if observed, provides evidence of black holes. By studying how SMBBHs affect the cumulative distribution of magnification for images created by black holes, we find that the cross section for at least one such additional image to have a magnification larger than $10^{-5}$ is comparable to the cross section for producing multiple-images in singular isothermal lenses. Such additional images may be detectable with high-resolution and large dynamic range maps of multiply-imaged systems from future facilities, such as the SKA. The probability of detecting at least one image (two images) with magnification above $10^{-3}$ is $\sim 0.2 \fBH$ ($\sim 0.05 \fBH$) in a multiply-imaged lens system, where $\fBH$ is the fraction of galaxies housing binary black holes. We also study the effects of SMBBHs on the core images when galaxies have shallower central density profiles (modelled as non-singular isothermal ellipsoids). We find that the cross section of the usually faint core images is further suppressed by SMBBHs. Thus their presence should also be taken into account when one constrains the core radius from the lack of central images in gravitational lenses.

Published
2011

50. High production of endothelin after foam sclerotherapy: a new pathogenetic hypothesis for neurological and visual disturbances after sclerotherapy

Author

Silvia Burchielli, R. Di Stefano, Francesca Felice, and A. Frullini

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Migraine with Aura, Vision Disorders, Retina, Brain Ischemia, Cell Movement, Sclerotherapy, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Endothelin-1, business.industry, Endothelins, Vasospasm, General Medicine, Cell movement, medicine.disease, Rats, Surgery, Disease Models, Animal, Visual Disturbance, Anesthesia, Gases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Endothelin receptor
Abstract

Background Visual and neurological disturbances have always been reported following liquid sclerotherapy (LS) for venous insufficiency. In 1993 Cabrera introduced foam sclerotherapy (FS) using a detergent sclerosant as Lauromacrogol 400 or sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Several authors have reported with FS an increased incidence of such transient visual disturbances and neurological complications. This has been associated with gas or air used to generate the sclerosing foam. The frequent association of the presence of a patent foramen ovale, a common condition in normal population, and such complications has led several authors to consider neurological and visual disturbances as paradoxical gas embolism. Objective We are introducing a new pathogenetic hypothesis for sclerotherapy complications. Medical literature shows evidence of a clear relationship among cerebral and retinal vasospasm, migraine and intimal irritation. We think that the irritating sclerosant agent may stimulate a significant release of vasoactive substances from the venous wall, specifically endothelin 1 (ET-1), the most powerful vasoconstricting agent. Method We have studied systemic ET-1 levels after LS and FS with Lauromacrogol 400 in a group of 13 rats at one and five minutes after injection. Results While ET-1 levels did not change significantly in control and in the LS group, a significant increase was detected after FS at one and five minutes. Conclusion We conclude that should the same results be found in patients treated using sclerosing foam (SF), ET-1 levels may closely correlate to the onset of visual or cerebral complications. Due to the bronchoconstrictor activity of ET-1, a relationship with post-treatment cough can be also postulated.

Published
2011

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