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Mosquitoes, the major vectors of viruses like dengue, are naturally host to diverse microorganisms, which play an important role in their development, fecundity, immunity, and vector competence. The composition of their microbiota is strongly influenced by the environment, particularly their aquatic larval habitat. In this study, we used 2×300 bp 16s Illumina sequencing to compare the microbial profiles of emerging adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the water collected from common types of aquatic habitat containers in Puerto Rico, which has endemic dengue transmission. We sequenced 141 mosquito and 46 water samples collected from plastic containers, septic tanks, discarded tires, underground trash cans, tree holes, or water meters. We identified 9 bacterial genera that were highly prevalent in the mosquito microbiome, and 77 for the microbiome of the aquatic habitat. The most abundant mosquito-associated bacterial OTUs were from the families Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae. Microbial profiles varied greatly between mosquitoes, and there were few major differences explained by container type; however, the microbiome of mosquitoes from plastic containers was more diverse and contained more unique taxa than the other groups. Container water was significantly more diverse than mosquitoes, and our data suggest that mosquitoes filter out many bacteria, with Alphaproteobacteria in particular being far more abundant in water. These findings provide novel insight into the microbiome of mosquitoes in the region and provide a platform to improve our understanding of the fundamental mosquito-microbe interactions.

Los precios de venta de primera mano del gas natural (GN) en México tuvieron una relación dinámica, pero con retrasos, con los precios internacionales de los futuros de GN durante el periodo de enero de 2012 a junio de 2017. A partir de una estrategia de cobertura en la que se emplean futuros de GN y utilizando un modelo MGARCH VCC para estimar las variaciones condicionales con retrasos de 20 y 40 días de los precios de los futuros, se muestra cómo se comportan las coberturas dinámicas de GN, suponiendo precios teóricos futuros del dólar estadounidense en pesos mexicanos. A través de una prueba retrospectiva, se halló que las predicciones de las razones de cobertura óptima mejoran con períodos cortos de pronóstico y períodos cercanos de observación. El modelo de cobertura dinámica propuesto puede extenderse a otros mercados de combustibles. Se destaca la importancia de la cobertura de los precios del GN dado el tamaño del mercado y la magnitud del riesgo al que se encuentran expuestos los participantes.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los factores que desencadenan las enfermedades hipertensivas en el embarazo a temprana edad. Metodología. Este estudio es de tipo correlacional ya que se relacionaran los factores predisponentes para la presencia de enfermedades hipertensivas en embarazadas menores de 20 años que busca relacionar cada factor con la clasificación de enfermedades hipertensivas. Resultados. De universo de 50 mujeres embarazadas, se obtuvo un total de 72% mujeres cuya ocupación es ama de casa, 24% estudiante, 4% empleada. El 0% sin estudios, 68% nivel básico, 32% nivel medio superior. El 44% conoce que es hipertensión arterial, y el 56% restante desconoce. Discusión. Según Viviana Sáez en su estudio la pre-eclampsia, la hipertensión arterial tuvo una incidencia de gran importancia puesto que el 68% de adolescentes embarazadas refirieron tener más de 3 signos y síntomas de HTA durante el desarrollo de su embarazo. Conclusión. Los factores que desencadenan las enfermedades hipertensivas en el embarazo son en primera instancia los antecedentes patológicos heredofamiliares, y los trastornos nutricionales previos al embarazo, tal como sobrepeso.

Cursar el nivel universitario en el mundo moderno, no es tan fácil como parece. Los retos, las tensiones de la vida moderna, la continua globalización de los conocimientos en el terreno individual, estudiantil, profesional, laboral, la presión del reloj, son situaciones que tienden a alterar el estado emocional de la mayoría de los estudiantes, llevándolos al borde de sus propios límites físicos y psíquicos. Objetivo.- Determinar el nivel de inteligencia emocional en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, del semestre julio-diciembre del año 2018. Metodología.- Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con una población de 316 estudiantes de enfermería durante el semestre Julio-Diciembre 2018, quienes aceptaron colaborar con la investigación, sin embargo, se obtuvieron resultados confiables de 265 encuestas. Resultados.- De los 265 participantes, corresponden al género femenino 214 y al género masculino 51 personas. Las encuestas contaron como 134 items agrupados en cinco factores que integran la inteligencia emocional; de esto, el factor III Aprovechamiento emocional, es el que apareción con la más alta puntuación. Conclusión.- En el presente estudio se concluye que la mayoría de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Enfermería del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, presentan un nivel de Inteligencia Emocional Media, que favorece con ello que los estudiantes logren una personalidad más plena, una percepción más satisfactoria de la vida, y como estudiante, además de contar con una gran posibilidad de poder desarrollar sus potencialidades para llegar a ser un profesional competente y de calidad.

The aim was to evaluate if medetomidine and dexmedetomidine affected arterial ovarian blood flow in dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned to two different groups. In Group 1, medetomidine (10 µg/kg) was administered intramuscularly and, in Group 2, dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) was used. After a preliminary exam, arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and a duplex Doppler ultrasonographic examination of both ovarian arteries was performed. Twenty minutes after the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, BP and ovarian Doppler ultrasonography were repeated. High quality tracings of ovarian artery flow velocity were obtained in all dogs and Doppler parameters: Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) and Resistive Index (RI) were measured before and after drug administration in the left (LO) and right (RO) ovaries. PSV and EDV values decreased significantly after drug administration (p &lt, 0.05) compared to the non-sedated values, but no differences were found between the LO and RO (p &gt, 0.05). The RI was not affected by drugs administration in neither of the groups studied (p &gt, 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine causes a decrease in blood flow velocity in the ovarian artery and may be a good choice to avoid excessive bleeding prior surgeries in which ovariectomy.

Mosquitoes, the major vectors of viruses like dengue, are naturally host to diverse microorganisms, which play an important role in their development, fecundity, immunity, and vector competence. The composition of their microbiota is strongly influenced by the environment, particularly their aquatic larval habitat. In this study, we used 2×300 bp 16s Illumina sequencing to compare the microbial profiles of emerging adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the water collected from common types of aquatic habitat containers in Puerto Rico, which has endemic dengue transmission. We sequenced 141 mosquito and 46 water samples collected from plastic containers, septic tanks, discarded tires, underground trash cans, tree holes, or water meters. We identified 9 bacterial genera that were highly prevalent in the mosquito microbiome, and 77 for the microbiome of the aquatic habitat. The most abundant mosquito-associated bacterial OTUs were from the families Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae. Microbial profiles varied greatly between mosquitoes, and there were few major differences explained by container type; however, the microbiome of mosquitoes from plastic containers was more diverse and contained more unique taxa than the other groups. Container water was significantly more diverse than mosquitoes, and our data suggest that mosquitoes filter out many bacteria, with Alphaproteobacteria in particular being far more abundant in water. These findings provide novel insight into the microbiome of mosquitoes in the region and provide a platform to improve our understanding of the fundamental mosquito-microbe interactions.

Background and aim Obesity increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) while it may impact the outcome of patients with AF. The clinical implications of this relationship are not completely clear. We aimed to analyze the association of traditional anthropometric measures of excessive adiposity with 12 month case fatality rate (CFR) in patients with AF. Methods This was a multicenter, longitudinal, observational study on adults with documented AF, excluding records of AF secondary to reversible causes. Anthropometric variables were registered at baseline, and a central committee validated the 12 month outcomes. Results We studied 1193 patients (median age: 69.14 years, 55.2% women). At baseline, rhythm control was established for 476 (39.9%) subjects, while frequency control was offered to 717 (60.1%) participants. The 12 month all-cause CFR was 8.9%. A high basal body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) were associated with lower CFR in bivariate analyses. In a Cox-proportional hazards model, variables associated with 12 month all-cause CFR were BMI categories (HR: 0.736, 95% CI: 0.584–0.928), chronic heart failure (HR: 1.738, 95% CI: 1.127–2.680), chronic kidney disease (HR: 2.269, 95% CI: 1.162–4.429) and carotid stenosis >50% (HR: 5.342, 95% CI: 1.661–17.181). Conclusion The risk of death at one year in patients with AF is inversely associated with a high BMI and directly associated with the presence of chronic kidney disease, carotid stenosis, and chronic heart failure in this cohort of patients with AF. The causes and implications of this apparent obesity paradox should be addressed in the future.

Background Some studies have been performed to assess the effects of levosimendan on cardiac function when administered to cardiac surgery patients with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in the immediate postoperative period. Levosimendan is an inotropic agent for the treatment of low cardiac output syndrome that seems to have a protective effect on renal function. Methods It is a quasi-experimental study. A total of 100 patients with LCOS received either beta-agonists or levosimendan. We assessed the incidence of postoperative kidney failure in cardiac surgery patients. In patients who had kidney failure at diagnosis of LCOS, we examined whether differences existed in the evolution of kidney failure based on the treatment administered for LCOS. The parameters measured included haemodynamics, oxygen supply, and renal function as assessed by the AKI scale. ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon or Friedman tests were used. Results Up to 30% of cardiac surgery patients had kidney failure at diagnosis of LCOS. Kidney failure at discharge from the ICU was more frequent in patients who received beta-agonist drugs as compared to those who received levosimendan (p Conclusion The incidence of kidney failure decreased with the postoperative administration of levosimendan to cardiac surgery patients with LCOS, as compared to beta-agonists. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 46058317. Date of registration: 7/10/2019. Retrospectively registered.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los resultados de la aplicacion de clorpromazina retrobulbar en el manejo del ojo doloroso ciego o con muy mala vision. Metodos Se realizo una revision descriptiva retrospectiva de las historias clinicas de 33 pacientes que fueron tratados con inyeccion retrobulbar de clorpromazina (25 mg) en el Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis. Resultados Se logro un control del dolor en el 90% de los casos (con un seguimiento promedio de 2,1 anos). La presion intraocular promedio disminuyo en un 37%. En 7 de los 12 ojos que mantenian vision residual se perdio algun grado en la vision. Un paciente requirio un procedimiento ciclodestructivo adicional; otro, una inyeccion de alcohol absoluto y otro termino en evisceracion para lograr el control del dolor. No se presentaron complicaciones serias con la terapia. Conclusiones El empleo de la inyeccion de clorpromazina retrobulbar es una opcion valida en casos de ojos dolorosos, con mal pronostico visual.

Objective To evaluate the results of applying retrobulbar chlorpromazine in the management of patients with painful blind eyes or with very poor vision. Methods A retrospective, descriptive review was carried out on the medical records of 33 patients who were treated with a retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine (25 mg) for the management of painful blind eyes in Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis . Results Pain control was achieved in 90% of cases (with mean follow-up of 2.1 years). The mean intraocular pressure decreased by 37%. In 7 out of 12 eyes that maintained residual vision, loss of some degree of vision was acknowledged. One patient required an additional cyclodestructive procedure, another one required an absolute alcohol injection, and in an additional case evisceration surgery was necessary to achieve pain control. No serious complications were noted with this therapy. Conclusions Retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine is a valid option in painful, blind eye cases (or with very poor vision) with a poor visual prognosis.

Point-of-care (POC) systems for the joint measurement of Troponin and D-dimers have not been studied in horses. The aim of this study was to perform the validation of a POC system (AQT90 FLEX) for the measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and D-dimers in the serum of horses with gastrointestinal diseases. The main objective was to evaluate whether or not this system can distinguish healthy animals from diseased animals. A sample of 33 horses was included in the study: control group (n = 10) and horses with gastrointestinal disorders (n = 21), which were classified according to their outcome in survivors (subgroup A = 9) and nonsurvivors (subgroup B = 12). Considering the diagnosis of the process, ill horses were classified into three groups: inflammatory (I = 7), obstructive (O = 9), and strangulating diseases (S = 5). The clinical usefulness of AQT90 FLEX was validated by the study of linearity, coefficient of variation, and detection limits. Later, concentrations of D-dimers and cTnI were measured. A significant increase in both parameters was detected in ill animals (cTnI: control: 0.014 ± 0.01 μg/mL, survivors: 0.27 ± 0.37 μg/mL, nonsurvivors: 0.60 ± 1.21 μg/mL; D-dimers: control: 104.90 ± 30.82 ng/mL, survivors: 1,217.22 ± 1,213.28 ng/mL, nonsurvivors: 1,613.67 ± 1,426.75 ng/mL), although there were no statistically significant differences in concentrations according to diagnosis and outcome. In conclusion, AQT90 FLEX POC analyzer can be used in horses with gastrointestinal diseases to measure cTnI and D-dimer concentrations. It is a quick, practical, and minimally invasive tool that helps in determining the severity of illness.

Introducción: Las condiciones en que se desarrollan las actividades diarias del cuidador/a informal, lo hace un ser vulnerable desde el punto de vista sanitario en este contexto, los familiares cuidadores llegan a convertirse indirectamente en una victima de la enfermedad por la gran dependencia del enfermo.El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el nivel de sobrecarga que se genera en el cuidador primario a pacientes con enfermedad en etapa terminal de un hospital de segundo nivel del estado de Hidalgo. La Metodología usada para este estudio es desde un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, de igual manera es un diseño de investigación no experimental, y de corte transaccional. La unidad de estudio son las personas que realizan un rol de cuidador primario de pacientes en etapa terminal. El contexto específico donde se desarrolla la investigación fue en un hospital de segundo nivel1 de atención, ubicado en el Estado de Hidalgo, se lleva a cabo durante el periodo de enero – junio de 2018. Resultados. En este trabajo se encontró en el cuidador primario de pacientes en etapa terminal en un hospital de segundo nivel del estado de Hidalgo, que un 53. 3% de los encuestados presenta sobrecarga intensa. Discusión, Según el artículo: Riesgo a enfermar y sobrecarga del cuidador principal del anciano dependiente. Conclusión: se analizó el nivel de sobrecarga que existe en los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad terminal de un Hospital del Edo de Hidalgo, concluyendo que un porcentaje de 42% significativo presenta sobrecarga intensa.

Vivir en un mundo globalizado como el que se presenta en la actualidad merece un reto para la personalidad, sobre todo si se trata de estudiantes universitarios. En el tema de la autoestima no es la excepción. Objetivo. - Identificar la prevalencia de autoestima en estudiantes de enfermería durante el ciclo 2018. Metodología. - Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal no experimental. Resultados. - De una muestra de 168 estudiantes se encontró que el 55% cuenta con un nivel mediano de autoestima, mientras que el 31% de los encuestados expresan baja autoestima y un 14% representa alta autoestima. Se concluye que es importante presentar programas y actividades que puedan potenciar el aumento de la autoestima y que es necesario seguir realizando este tipo de estudios para exploración diagnóstica.

We performed a retrospective interventional case series including 80 eyes of 48 patients with keratoconus (KC) who were treated with modified corneal cross-linking (CXL) for KC (with a partial deepithelization in a pattern of stripes). The average follow-up was 5.8 years (with a minimum of 5 years). At the last follow-up visit, compared with preoperative values, there were no significant changes in spherical equivalent, average keratometry, corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, or corneal resistance factor. The distance-corrected visual acuity was 20/39 preoperatively and 20/36 postoperatively ( P = 0.3). The endothelial cell count decreased by 4.7% ( P < 0.005). These findings suggest that this modified corneal CXL technique is a safe and effective alternative to halt the progression of KC up to five years after the procedure. However, some concerns remain as to whether this technique can affect in some degree the corneal endothelial cells.

La planeación estratégica como proceso continuo y sistemático de análisis y de dialogo entre los que dirigen una Institución Educativa es fundamental porque responde al logro de la Misión que son los propósitos fundamentales que se intentan cumplir, determinando que cambios realizar y como realizarlos, tiene gran trascendencia al direccionar las acciones que son clave para el logro de los resultados permitiendo superar resistencias e incertidumbres. Cuando se realiza planeación estratégica permanente y participativa, el planificador se convierte en un facilitador. De acuerdo al autor Caldera, (2004), menciona que el plan representa la concreción documental del conjunto de decisiones explicitas y congruentes para asignar tiempos, recursos y estrategias en el logro de los propósitos establecidos por la Institución Educativa. Es importante considerar en términos de la planeación que el (ser) considera lo que se piensa transformar y planificación (hacer) lo que se piensa concretar y documentar. El éxito de la gestión estratégica escolar es identificar que son los planes, su vigencia en tiempo, los principios administrativos que sirven de guía en la toma de decisiones, los tipos de planeación estratégica, táctica u operativa, considerando que la planeación es esencial para definir el rumbo que permite encaminar y aprovechar mejor los esfuerzos y los recursos evitando la entropía en las Instituciones Educativas.

ResumenEn años recientes México es considerado como el país que tiene el primer lugar mundial de sobrepeso y/o obesidad en la población infantil. Organizaciones internacionales mencionan que el 33% de la población infantil de nuestro país padece sobrepeso y/o obesidad, los que representa un número muy grande de niños con riesgos de alteraciones a nivel metabólico, que al llegar a la edad adulta pueden tener lo que se ha denominado síndrome metabólico, el cual es una constelación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, que incluye resistencia a la insulina, hipertensión, dislipidemia y obesidad central. En estudios realizados con animales se pudo probar que el feto puede adaptarse a la malnutrición, puede alterar su metabolismo, redistribuir el flujo sanguíneo para proteger los órganos más importantes como el cerebro, incluso, puede adaptarse a un crecimiento más lento para disminuir las exigencias de sustrato, pero esta adaptación lo puede llevar a cambios permanentes en la estructura y función de su organismo. La teoría Barker conocida también como efecto programador intra-útero, fue la primera en proponer el origen fetal de las enfermedades coronarias. El crecimiento y el desarrollo del feto están determinados por tres factores: el estado nutricional de la embarazada, la función placentaria y la capacidad del feto para utilizar los nutrientes.AbstractIn the past few years, Mexico has been considered the countrywith the first place in childhood with overweight and obesity. International organizations have reported that 33% of our infant population as being overweight or with obesity. A large number of infants have as risk for metabolic alterations, and when reaching adulthood can present metabolic syndrome, which is a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease that including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and central obesity. It has been found in animal studies that the fetus can adapt to malnutrition, alter its metabolism, redistribute its blood flow to protect important organs such as the brain, and even adapt to a slower growth in order to diminish its substrate demands. On the other hand, those changescan be permanent in the structure and function of the organism. Barker's theory also known as Intrauterine Programming Effect was the first to propose fetal origin for coronary heart disease. According with this theory the growth and development of the fetus are determined by three factors: the mother's nutritional status, placental function and the ability of the fetus to utilize the nutrients.

Background Oral administration of glucocorticoid alters serum cystatin C (sCysC) concentration in humans. Objective To determine if oral administration of prednisone alters sCysC in dogs without pre‐existing renal disease. Animals Forty six dogs were included: 10 dogs diagnosed with steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA; group A), 20 dogs diagnosed of pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH; group B), and 16 healthy control dogs (group C). Methods Retrospective observational study. SRMA diagnosed dogs were administered prednisone 4 mg/kg/24 h PO 7 days, reducing the dose to 2 mg/kg/24 h 7 days before medication withdrawal. In group A, sampling was performed at days 0, 7, 14 and a final control at day 21. Blood and urine samples were collected in the 3 groups, and in group A, sampling was performed at all time points (days 1, 7, 14, and 21). Results In group A, sCysC was significantly higher at day 7 compared to the control group (0.4 ± 0.04 mg/L vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 mg/L mean ± SEM respectively P < 0.01); sCysC values decreased to basal at day 14 when the dose was decreased and after 1 week of withdrawal of prednisone (0.27 ± 0.03 mg/L for group A at day 14 and 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/L at day 21; P > 0.05). Dogs with PDH included in group B did not have significant differences in sCysC (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared to control (P > 0.05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Oral administration of prednisone unlike altered endogenous glucocorticoid production, increases sCysC in dogs in a dose‐dependent fashion.

Polycrystalline ZnO thin films were deposited on pure Al foils at 80 °C using electrochemical deposition (ECD) in solutions containing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra between 20 and 200 K showed intense UV emissions near the band edge along with weak broad bands due to defects. When the source solution was slightly doped with Mg2+ ions, the defect-induced band was suppressed along with a redshift, whereas the UV peak position and intensity remained the same. Surprisingly, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) revealed no Mg contents in the films within the detection limit. Based on the solubility products of Mg(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2, we put forward a mechanism to describe how metal impurities could be incorporated into ZnO in such an aqueous process, which was strongly supported by samples grown in Ca- or Cu-doped solutions. To further corroborate, we also fabricated, for the first time via ECD, MgZnO alloys in Mg-doped solutions with very high nitrate concentrations. Blue shift of the UV emission peak was clearly observed from as-prepared samples on Al. MgZnO films, deposited on Si substrates under similar supersaturated conditions and annealed in ambient air at 350 °C for 30 min, showed a similar peak shift. This electrochemical route could therefore be used as an effective approach to enhance the optical properties of compound semiconductors, demonstrating its potential for deep UV applications as well.

To evaluate the results of applying retrobulbar chlorpromazine in the management of patients with painful blind eyes or with very poor vision.A retrospective, descriptive review was carried out on the medical records of 33 patients who were treated with a retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine (25mg) for the management of painful blind eyes in Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis.Pain control was achieved in 90% of cases (with mean follow-up of 2.1 years). The mean intraocular pressure decreased by 37%. In 7 out of 12 eyes that maintained residual vision, loss of some degree of vision was acknowledged. One patient required an additional cyclodestructive procedure, another one required an absolute alcohol injection, and in an additional case evisceration surgery was necessary to achieve pain control. No serious complications were noted with this therapy.Retrobulbar injection of chlorpromazine is a valid option in painful, blind eye cases (or with very poor vision) with a poor visual prognosis.

La diabetes es un problema grave de salud pública mundial, según la Federación Internacional de Diabetes en el año 2014 , registró una prevalencia de 382 millones de personas afectadas a nivel mundial, de esa cantidad, el 46% desconocen que tienen el padecimiento. Se estima, que para el 2035 la prevalencia se incrementará a 592 millones de casos. De acuerdo con datos de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en el año 2013, se registraron 4.6 millones de muertes por complicaciones generadas por esta enfermedad, y se prevé que estas se multipliquen para el 2035. La diabetes presenta un incremento ascendente de 400,000 casos nuevos al año. La diabetes en el ámbito nacional, representa un aproximado de 60 mil muertes derivadas de la enfermedad y sus complicaciones al año. Por lo anterior los investigadores de diversas universidades del país desarrollaron el presente libro que aborda; Teorías y modelos de educación, partiendo de la premisa de que la educación es la parte esencial del tratamiento, así mismo se presentan una serie de evidencias científicas relacionada con la diabetes, la educación, intervenciones multidisciplinarias y trastornos de conducta alimentaria, material que sin duda alguna apoya a la formación de profesionales de la salud educadores en diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) during simulated uncontrolled hemorrhage will reveal 1) respiratory rate and 2) changes of skin temperature that track reductions of stroke volume. In 45 healthy volunteers (25 men and 20 women), we recorded the ECG, finger photoplethysmographic arterial pressure, respiratory rate (pneumobelt and DITI of the nose), cardiac output (inert rebreathing), and skin temperature of the forehead during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at three continuous decompression rates; slow (−3 mmHg/min), medium (−6 mmHg/min), and fast (−12 mmHg/min) to an ending pressure of −60 mmHg. Respiratory rates calculated from the pneumobelt (14.7 ± 0.9 breaths/min) and DITI (14.9 ± 1.2 breaths/min) were not different ( P = 0.21). LBNP induced an average stroke volume reduction of 1.3 ml/mmHg regardless of decompression speed. Maximal reductions of stroke volume and forehead temperature were −100 ± 12 ml and −0.32 ± 0.12°C (slow), −86 ± 12 ml and −0.74 ± 0.27°C (medium), and −78 ± 5 ml and −0.17 ± 0.02°C (fast). Changes of forehead temperature as a function of changes of stroke volume were best described by a quadratic fit to the data (slow R2 = 0.95; medium R2 = 0.89; and fast R2 = 0.99).Our results suggest that a thermographic camera may prove useful for the remote assessment of traumatically injured patients. Life sign detection may be determined by verifying respiratory rate. Determining the magnitude and rate of hemorrhage may also be possible based on future algorithms derived from associations between skin temperature and stroke volume.

Single cell and 500 We stack integrating Celtec P1000 MEAs were operated in continuous mode at 0.4 A cm–2 and 160 °C, under simulated reformate and air. Single cell's ohmic resistivity was almost unaffected by 1,100 h of ageing but the cell progressively switched from a cathodic to an anodic mass transfer limited operation. The stack was operated for 658 h, exhibiting the same behaviour and an additional increase in cell voltage distribution heterogeneity. CO2 proved to have negligible effect on performances but performance losses induced by ageing are doubled in the presence of CO. Post-testing experiments revealed that anode electrochemical active area was dramatically decreased and that platinum content was also decreased. Finally, results showed that a convenient shut-down procedure could prevent or limit degradations associated with storage.

The degradation of two different types of perfluorinated polymer membranes, Nafion and Hyflon Ion, has been examined by solid-state 19 F and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. This spectroscopic technique is demonstrated to be a valuable tool for the study of the membrane structure and its alterations after in situ degradation in a fuel cell. The structural changes in different parts of the polymers are clearly distinguished, which provides unique insight into details of the degradation processes. The experimental NMR spectra prove that degradation mostly takes place within the polymer side chains, as reflected by the intensity losses of NMR signals associated with SO 3 H, CF 3 , OCF 2 and CF groups. The integral degree of degradation is found to decrease with increasing membrane thickness while for a given thickness, Hyflon Ion appears to degrade less than Nafion.

Contents The sperm of European eel shows a high density and the time of spermatozoa motility is very short after activation with sea water. These characteristics make difficult the sperm handling and its quality assessment. Several diluents were previously described for the Japanese eel obtaining over 3 weeks’ conservation times under refrigeration, but they rendered bad results in the European species. In the present study, several diluents were developed taking as basis the P1 medium, and using different dilution ratios (1 : 50, 1 : 100) and two pH (6.5, 8.5). The effect of the addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA, 2% w/v) was also evaluated. At 24 h, undiluted samples already showed significant lower motility and viability than sperm samples diluted in the different media. The results for diluents with pH 6.5 and 8.5 were different. Spermatozoa diluted in media at pH 6.5 cannot be activated at 24 h, while samples diluted in the diluents with pH 8.5 and added with BSA did not show significant differences with respect to the fresh sperm motility until 48 h. The viability (percentage of alive cells) did not show differences until 1 week, independent of the dilution ratio. After 1 week, the motility was approximately 30% in the media containing BSA, which presented no differences for head size of the spermatozoa (perimeter and area) until 72 h and 1 week, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of one medium having similar physico-chemical characteristics to the seminal plasma, including pH 8.5, and supplemented with BSA can be used in different dilution ratios for the sperm’s short-term storage, preserving its motility capacity.

Comparative studies of mechanical and electrochemical properties of Nafion ® - and sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer-type membranes are carried out under severe fuel cell conditions required by industrials, within stationary and cycling electric load profiles. These membranes are proposed to be used in PEM between 70 and 90 °C as fluorinated or non-fluorinated baseline membranes, respectively. Thus, thought the performance of both membranes remains suitable, Nafion ® backbone brought better mechanical properties and higher electrochemical stabilities than sulfonated polyetheretherketone backbone. The performance stability and the mechanical strength of the membrane–electrode assembly were shown to be influenced by several intrinsic properties of the membrane (e.g., thermal pre-treatment, thickness) and external conditions (fuel cell operating temperature, relative humidity). Finally, a lifetime prediction for membranes under stationary conditions is proposed depending on the operation temperature. At equivalent thicknesses (i.e. 50 μm), Nafion ® membranes were estimated able to operate into the 80–90 °C range while sulfonated polyetheretherketone would be limited into the 70–80 °C range. This approach brings baseline information about the capability of these types of polymer electrolyte membrane under fuel cell critical operations. Finally, it is revealed as a potential tool for the selection of the most promising advanced polymers for the ensuing research phase.

Objective To explore the perceptions of health professionals in an integrated network of public provision of health services regarding the implementation of the Law on Rights and Duties of People in Chile. Method Qualitative descriptive study. A stratified qualitative sample of 53 professionals from five low complexity centres and one from a high complexity centre, all part of the integrated network of health services in Valdivia, Los Rios Region, Chile, were selected according to the criteria of an overall saturation of the explored dimensions. The information was gathered through a semi-structured, in-depth interview carried out after signing the informed consent. Data were analysed using an inductive approach of content analysis. Results Three categories emerged from the interviews: conceptualization and knowledge, factors influencing the implementation and recommendations for strengthening the implementation, and seven subcategories. It was highlighted that health professionals in the health-care network perceived difficulties in implementing the Law on rights and duties of patients. Among them were the lack of knowledge about the Law, poor exposure and a lack of resources for its implementation. They suggested adapting the infrastructure of the institution and offering training as recommendations to improve the implementation of the Law. Conclusions There are hindering factors for the implementation of the Law related to organizational and professional gaps in the institutions providing health care.

OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of exercise on hematologic and biochemical values (especially markers of inflammation and muscle damage) in Spanish Greyhounds used for hunting without previous training. ANIMALS 32 Spanish Greyhounds and 31 dogs of other breeds. PROCEDURES Hematologic variables and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biochemical markers were compared in samples obtained from Spanish Greyhounds 24 hours after exercise (eg, a hunting race) and 2 months after exercise (ie, at rest) and from non–Spanish Greyhounds at rest. All dogs were healthy. Hematologic and biochemical analyses were performed within 24 hours after samples were obtained, and results were compared by means of a Student t test. RESULTS CRP concentration and muscle enzyme (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase) activities were significantly higher and serum iron concentration was significantly lower for Spanish Greyhounds after exercise than at rest. The WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher after exercise then at rest. Plasma alanine transaminase activity and total protein, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher after exercise than at rest. Spanish Greyhounds at rest had higher RBC counts, PCVs, and hemoglobin concentrations and lower WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, compared with values for non–Spanish Greyhounds at rest. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exercise of Spanish Greyhounds without prior training activated an acute-phase response represented by an increase in serum CRP concentration and decrease in serum albumin and iron concentrations. These changes, along with leukocytosis and neutrophilia, were indicative of a subclinical inflammatory state in Spanish Greyhounds.

Hasta hace unos años, el estudio sistemático de las interacciones entre las máquinas y el hombre había sido un campo privilegiado de la sociología. Sin embargo, actualmente el trabajo conjunto entre las áreas de la robótica, la medicina y la computación, ha revolucionado la manera en que se estudia la operación remota de sistemas robóticos complejos, los cuales benefician la rehabilitación humana a partir de la repetición de movimientos precisos. En esta obra se explora la realización de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar los factores vitales implicados dentro de un sistema de interacción robótica en humanos sanos, estudiantes de las carreras de Enfermería, Odontología y Medicina. (Barrera, 2015).

The effect of several reaction parameters on limonene epoxidation and hydrogen peroxide decomposition over PW-Amberlite was studied. Parameters evaluated were as follows: amount of catalyst (8−28 g/L), average particle diameter (110−720 μm), and concentrations of acetonitrile (7.4−15.7 mol/L), limonene (0.27−1.04 mol/L), hydrogen peroxide (0.73−1.92 mol/L), water (5.84−7.39 mol/L), and limonene epoxide (0−0.17 mol/L). The initial limonene reaction rate exhibits a maximum at 71 wt % acetonitrile (18 wt % hydrogen peroxide), 6.5 times higher than that obtained under biphasic conditions. According to Weisz−Prater criterion, mass transfer limitations were insignificant for catalyst particle sizes smaller than 425 μm. External mass transfer limitations were avoided by using a stirring speed of 1000 rpm. The apparent activation energy of limonene epoxidation was 25 kJ/mol, three times lower than that previously found in a biphasic system. Empirical reaction rates of limonene epoxidation and hydrogen peroxide d...

Serum electrophoresis is a useful technique to diagnose some diseases characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes in the serum proteins, such as the acute phase proteins. An increased synthesis of acute phase proteins has been associated with acute infection and inflammation. We wanted to study whether gastrointestinal diseases and disorders of the locomotor system in horses produce enough inflammatory reaction so the acute phase proteins can be detected by electrophoresis in serum. Serum total proteins were calculated, and the serum electrophoresis from 63 horses was performed. The horses were classified in 3 groups: Group I (19 healthy horses), Group II (20 horses suffering from inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract), and Group III (24 horses with inflammatory disorders of the locomotor system). Results indicated an increase of the acute phase proteins only in patent inflammatory disorders that showed a rapid progression. A global increase in those proteins was observed only for α1-globulins from Group II.

The EM algorithm is a powerful tool to solve the membership problem in open clusters when a mixture density model overlaping two heteroscedastic bivariate normal components is built to fit the cloud of relative proper motions of the stars in a region of the sky where a cluster is supposed to be. A membership study of 1866 stars located in the region of the very old open cluster M67 is carried out via the Expectation Maximization algorithm using the McLachlan, Peel, Basford and Adams EMMIX software.

Se presenta la evaluación de una plataforma para Interacción Física Hombre-Robot (HRpI) con base en el protocolo NASA TLX. Las variables de esfuerzo, frustración, carga mental, carga temporal y estrés son empleadas durante la interacción física entre un operador humano y un sistema robótico con propiedades de retroalimentación kinestésica. Los propósitos de la plataforma corresponden a rehabilitación de miembro superior ante la presencia de discapacidad motriz, el estudio experimental se realizó con personas sanas. Para esto, fue diseñado un ambiente virtual dinámico tridimensional como tarea de navegación. La muestra de operadores humanos consistió en estudiantes del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; de las áreas de medicina, odontología y enfermería.