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Abstract Endocrine‐resistant ER+HER2– breast cancer (BC) is particularly aggressive and leads to poor clinical outcomes. Effective therapeutic strategies against endocrine‐resistant BC remain elusive. Here, analysis of the RNA‐sequencing data from ER+HER2– BC patients receiving neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and spatial transcriptomics analysis both show the downregulation of innate immune signaling sensing cytosolic DNA, which primarily occurs in endocrine‐resistant BC cells, not immune cells. Indeed, compared with endocrine‐sensitive BC cells, the activity of sensing cytosolic DNA through the cGAS‐STING pathway is attenuated in endocrine‐resistant BC cells. Screening of kinase inhibitor library show that this effect is mainly mediated by hyperactivation of AKT1 kinase, which binds to kinase domain of TBK1, preventing the formation of a trimeric complex TBK1/STING/IRF3. Notably, inactivation of cGAS–STING signaling forms a positive feedback loop with hyperactivated AKT1 to promote endocrine resistance, which is physiologically important and clinically relevant in patients with ER+HER2– BC. Blocking the positive feedback loop using the combination of an AKT1 inhibitor with a STING agonist results in the engagement of innate and adaptive immune signaling and impairs the growth of endocrine‐resistant tumors in humanized mice models, providing a potential strategy for treating patients with endocrine‐resistant BC.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early lens extraction during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) compared to those of PPV with subsequent cataract surgery. METHODS: This multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in three Chinese hospitals on patients with PDR, aged >45y, with mild cataracts. The participants were randomly assigned to the combined (PPV combined with simultaneously cataract surgery, i.e., phacovitrectomy) or subsequent (PPV with subsequent cataract surgery 6mo later) group and followed up for 12mo. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to 6mo, and the secondary outcomes included complication rates and medical expenses. RESULTS: In total, 129 patients with PDR were recruited and equally randomized (66 and 63 in the combined and subsequent groups respectively). The change in BCVA in the combined group [mean, 36.90 letters; 95% confidence interval (CI), 30.35–43.45] was significantly better (adjusted difference, 16.43; 95%CI, 8.77–24.08; P

AIM: To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1. METHODS: Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 maculopathy. Targeted sequence capture array technique was used to screen potential pathologic variants. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the screening results. RESULTS: Fundus examination showed round macular lesions appeared in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed that the inner segment/outer segment continuity was disorganized and disruptive in the left eye, but it was uneven and slightly elevated in the right eye. Fundus autofluorescence showed patchy hyper-autofluorescence in the macula. Visual field examination indicates central defects in both eyes. Electroretinogram (ERG) and multifocal ERG showed no obvious abnormalities. Fundus fluorescein angiography in the macula showed obviously irregular hyper-fluorescence in the right eye and slightly hyper-fluorescence in the left eye. We found that the proband carried a missense variant (c.1972C>T) and a deletion variant (c.4717_4718del) of RP1L1, which were originated from the parents and formed compound heterozygous variants. Both variants are likely pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria. Multimodal imaging, ERG and detailed medical history are important diagnostic tools for differentiating between acquired and inherited retinal disorders. CONCLUSION: A maculopathy case with detailed retinal phenotype and new recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 is identified in a Chinese family, which expands the understanding of phenotype and genotype in RP1L1 maculopathy.

Soluble sugar content in seeds is an important quality trait of soybean. In this study, 57 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds were collected from databases and published papers. After meta-overview-collinearity integrated analysis to refine QTL intervals, eight consensus QTLs were identified. To further verify the consensus QTLs, a population of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) was analyzed. Two lines containing fragments covering the regions of consensus QTLs and the recurrent parent were selected: one line showed high soluble sugar contents associated with a consensus QTL fragment, and the other line showed low soluble sugar contents. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted for these two lines at the early, middle, and late stages of seed development, which identified 158, 109 and 329 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Based on the analyses of re-sequencing data of the CSSLs and the consensus QTL region, three candidate genes (Glyma.19G146800, Glyma.19G122500, and Glyma.19G128500) were identified in the genetic fragments introduced from wild soybean. Sequence comparisons between the two CSSL parents SN14 and ZYD00006 revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the coding sequence of Glyma.19G122500, causing a non-synonymous mutation in the amino acid sequence that affected the predicted protein structure. A Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed based on this SNP and used to evaluate the CSSLs. These results lay the foundation for further research to identify genes related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds and for future soybean breeding.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of noninfectious refractory uveitis and analyze its influence on application and dose of systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agent.METHODS: This was a retrospective, case series study conducted between January 2018 and September 2019, the patients with noninfectious refractory uveitis and treated with intravitreal implantation of dexamethasone intravitreal implant were included. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT), vitreous haze score, and intraocular pressure(IOP)at 1mo, 2mo, 4mo and 6mo after the implantation of dexamethasone intravitreal implant were compared with the baseline. Meanwhile, the dosage of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agent used before and after the implantation of dexamethasone was also evaluated. The data was displayed as mean±standard deviation and analyzed using the paired t-test.RESULTS: A total of 19 patients(21 eyes)were included in the present study. The mean baseline BCVA of the included patients was 0.671±0.469, while the mean CRT was 369.667±177.100μm, and the mean intraocular pressure(IOP)was 14.252±3.181mmHg. One month, 2mo, 4mo and 6mo after the injection of Ozrudex, BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P

Abstract The association between dietary fat intake during pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but the results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to clarify this association in pregnant Chinese women. After conducting 1:1 matching, 440 pairs consisting of pregnant women with preeclampsia and hospital-based, healthy pregnant women matched by gestational week (± 1 week) and age (± 3 years) were recruited. A 79-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered during face-to-face interviews was used to estimate the participants’ dietary intake of fatty acids. We found that the intakes of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were inversely associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia. Compared with the lowest quartile intake, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the highest quartile intake were 0.42 (0.26–0.68, p-trend

AIM: To analyze the morphological changes of macular soft drusen and drusenoid pigmental epithulium detachment(DPED)after subthreshold micropulse laser treatment(SMLT).METHODS: Fourteen patients(20 affected eyes)with soft drusen and DPED clinically confirmed from August 2016 to October 2018, were included in this study. 577 nm yellow laser of SMLT was applied for soft drusen and DPED. The changes of soft drusen and DPED in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)(LogMAR)and height, diameter and cross-sessional area according to fundus autofluorescence and SD-OCT examinations were observed after SMLT.RESULTS: BCVA was not significant difference after treatment of soft drusen(P=0.260), and the DPED(P=0.736)than that of the baseline. Compared with the baseline values, the height and cross-sessional area of soft drusen were reduced at the 6mo after treatment(P=0.008, P=0.034). Compared with the baseline values, the differences were not statistically significant in height, diameter and cross-sectional area of DPED after treatment.CONCLUSION: BCVA was not reduced for drusen and DPED after SMLT, however, the height and cross-sessional area of soft drusen was reduced compared with those before treatment, and the differences were not statistically significant in height, diameter and cross-sectional area of DPED before and after treatment. The results indicated that SMLT was effective for soft drusen, but was not effective for short-term treatment of DPED. SMLT caused no damage to the visual acuity in treatment of soft drusen and DPED, but prospective, controlled, large sample and long-term follow-up studies should be required.

Abstract Background Patients suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) were associated with impaired sodium and potassium homeostasis. We aimed to investigate how admission serum sodium and potassium independently and jointly modified adverse clinical outcomes among AKI patients. Methods Patient data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III. Participants were categorized into three groups according to admission serum sodium and potassium, and the cut-off values were determined using smooth curve fitting. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic effects of admission serum sodium and potassium levels. Results We included 13,621 ICU patients with AKI (mean age: 65.3 years; males: 55.4%). The middle category of admission serum sodium and potassium levels were 136.0–144.9 mmol/L and 3.7–4.7 mmol/L through fitting smooth curve. In multivariable Cox models, compared with the middle category, patients with hyponatremia or hypernatremia were associated with excess mortality and the HRs and its 95%CIs were 1.38 (1.27, 1.50) and 1.56 (1.36, 1.79), and patients with either hypokalemia or hyperkalemia were associated with excess mortality and the hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) were 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) and 1.25 (1.14, 1.36), respectively. Significant interactions were observed between admission serum sodium and potassium levels (P interaction = 0.001), with a higher serum potassium level associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality among patients with hyponatremia, whereas the effects of higher sodium level on prognostic effects of potassium were subtle. Conclusions Admission serum sodium and potassium were associated with survival in a U-shaped pattern among patients with AKI, and hyperkalemia predict a worse clinical outcome among patients with hyponatremia.

Zinc finger-homeodomain proteins (ZF-HDs) are transcription factors that regulate plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. The SL-ZH13 gene was found to be significantly upregulated under drought stress treatment in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves in our previous study. In this study, to further understand the role that the SL-ZH13 gene plays in the response of tomato plants to drought stress, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method was applied to downregulate SL-ZH13 expression in tomato plants, and these plants were treated with drought stress to analyze the changes in drought tolerance. The SL-ZH13 silencing efficiency was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. In SL-ZH13-silenced plants, the stems wilted faster, leaf shrinkage was more severe than in control plants under the same drought stress treatment conditions, and the mean stem bending angle of SL-ZH13-silenced plants was smaller than that of control plants. Physiological analyses showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and the content of proline (Pro) in SL-ZH13-silenced plants were lower than those in control plants after 1.5 and 3 h of drought stress treatment. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in SL-ZH13-silenced plants was higher than that in control plants after 1.5 and 3 h of drought stress treatment, and H2O2 and O2–· accumulated much more in the leaves of SL-ZH13-silenced plants than in the leaves of control plants. These results suggested that silencing the SL-ZH13 gene affected the response of tomato plants to drought stress and decreased the drought tolerance of tomato plants.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a kind of serine/threonine kinase widely found in eukaryotes. Many plant GSK3 kinases play important roles in regulating stress responses. This study investigated BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (GmBIN2) gene, a member of the GSK3 protein kinase family in soybean and an orthologue of Arabidopsis BIN2/AtSK21. GmBIN2 expression was increased by salt and drought stresses, but was not significantly affected by the ABA treatment. To examine the function of GmBIN2, transgenic Arabidopsis and transgenic soybean hairy roots were generated. Overexpression of GmBIN2 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased germination rate and root length compared with wild-type plants under salt and mannitol treatments. Overexpression of GmBIN2 increased cellular Ca2+ content and reduced Na+ content, enhancing salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In the soybean hairy root assay, overexpression of GmBIN2 in transgenic roots also showed significantly higher relative root growth rate than the control when subjected to salt and mannitol treatments. Measurement of physiological indicators, including proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and relative electrical conductivity, supported this conclusion. Furthermore, we also found that GmBIN2 could up-regulate the expression of some stress-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots. Overall, these results indicated that GmBIN2 improved tolerance to salt and drought in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots.

Soybean is a global principal source of edible plant oil. As more soybean oil-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been located in the collective genome, it is urgent to establish a classification system for these distributed QTLs. A collinear platform may be useful to characterize and identify relationships among QTLs as well as aid in novel gene discovery. In this study, the collinearity MCScanX algorithm and collective soybean genomic information were used to construct collinearity blocks, to which soybean oil-related QTLs were mapped. The results demonstrated that 666 collinearity blocks were detected in the soybean genome across 20 chromosomes, and 521 collinearity relationships existed in 231 of the 242 effective soybean oil-related QTLs. This included 214 inclusion relationships and 307 intersecting relationships. Among them, the collinearity among QTLs that are related to soybean oil content was shown on a maximum of seven chromosomes and minimum of one chromosome, with the majority of QTLs having collinearity on two chromosomes. Using overlapping hotspot regions in the soybean oil QTLs with collinearity, we mined for novel oil content-related genes. Overall, we identified 23 putatively functional genes associated with oil content in soybean and annotated them using a number of annotation databases. Our findings provide a valuable framework for elucidating evolutionary relationships between soybean oil-related QTLs and lay a foundation for functional marker-assisted breeding relating to soybean oil content.

Abstract Backgroud Cationic liposomes (CLs) can be used as non-viral vectors in gene transfer and drug delivery. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its cytotoxicity has not been well elucidated yet. Methods We herein report a systems biology approach based on whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with computational method to identify the predominant genes and pathways involved in the cytotoxicity of CLs in HepG2 cell line. Results Firstly, we validated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of CLs with an IC50 of 120 μg/ml in HepG2 exposed for 24 h. Subsequently, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing to identify 220 (77 up- and 143 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to cholesterol, steroid, lipid biosynthetic and metabolic processes. Additionally, “key regulatory” genes were identified using gene act, pathway act and co-expression network analysis, and expression levels of 11 interested altered genes were confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. Interestingly, no cell cycle arrest was observed through flow cytometry. Conclusions These data are expected to provide deep insights into the molecular mechanism of CLs cytotoxicity.

Soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete that causes devastating damage to soybean yield. To mine original resistant genes in soybean is an effective and environmentally-friend approach controlling the disease. In this study, soybean proteins were extracted from the first trifoliolates infected by predominant P. sojae race 1 and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Nineteen differently-expressed protein spots were detected, and 10 of them were further applied for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Assay. One protein containing a dirigent (DIR) domain was identified and belonged to the DIR-b/d family. Therefore, it was named as GmDRR1 (Glycine max Disease Resistance Response 1). Then, GmDRR1 gene was pathologically confirmed to be involved in the resistant to P. sojae in soybean. GmDRR1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins localized in the cell membrane. qRT-PCR results showed GmDRR1 gene expressed differently in P. sojae resistant- and susceptible-soybean cultivars. By the promoter analysis, we found a haplotype H8 was existing in most resistant soybean varieties, while a haplotype H77 was existing in most susceptible soybean varieties. The H77 haplotype had seven SNPs (C to A, G to C, C to A, T to A, T to C, T to C, and T to A) and two single nucleotide insertions. The results supported that the expression difference of GmDRR1 genes between P. sojae resistant- and susceptible-soybean cultivars might depend on the GmDRR1 promoter SNPs. The results suggested that GmDRR1 was a dirigent protein involved in soybean resistant to P. sojae and paved a novel way for investigation of the molecular regulatory mechanism of the defense response to P. sojae in soybean.

The composition and quantity of amino acids influence the protein content and nutritional value of soybeans and also have an important impact upon soybean quality. After integrating and proofreading 140 original QTLs associated with amino acid contentfrom soybase (http://www.soybase.org/), 138 QTLs were further analyzed to determine high-confidence QTL regions. Meta-analysis was first carried out using the BioMercator ver. 2.1 software, yielding 33 consensus QTLs. The consensus QTL confidence intervals (CIs) ranged from 0.07 to 19.85 Mb. Next, the overview method was used to optimize the CIs, and 57 “real” QTLs were mapped. Candidate genes in the consensus QTL regions were obtained from Phytozome and were annotated using the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Swissprot, and gene annotation databases. Finally, 16 unpublished candidate genes controlling the content of five types of amino acids were identified with Blast. These results laid the foundation for fine mapping of soybean amino acid-related QTLs and marker-assisted selection.

Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants (e.g., soybean), which are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Transient expression systems, such as Arabidopsis protoplast, Nicotiana leaves, and onion bulb leaves are widely used for gene functional studies. A simple method for obtaining transgenic soybean callus tissues was reported recently. We extend this system with simplified culture conditions to gene functional studies, including promoter analysis, expression and subcellular localization of the target protein, and protein-protein interaction. We also evaluate the plasticity of this system with soybean varieties, different vector constructs, and various Agrobacterium strains. The results indicated that the callus transformation system is efficient and adaptable for gene functional investigation in soybean genotype-, vector-, and Agrobacterium strain-independent modes. We demonstrated an easy set-up and practical homologous strategy for soybean gene functional studies.

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser photocoagulation with intravitreous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). METHODS: A retrospective case series study was sixteen patients(16 eyes)of macular edema secondary to BRVO whose course was not more than 3mo were examined by fundus fluoresceine angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT). Eight eyes were given subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser with anti-VEGF treatment(micropulse laser group). Meantime another 8 eyes were given conventional grid laser photocoagulation with anti-VEGF treatment(grid laser group). The followed up was 6mo. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central foveal thickness(CFT)were analyzed.RESULTS: The baseline BCVA of the micropulse laser group was 0.34±0.18(LogMAR)and was improved to 0.07±0.01(PPPPP>0.05).CONCLUSION: Subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser with anti-VEGF and conventional grid laser photocoagulation with anti-VEGF had equivalent effects on the treatment of macular edema secondary to BRVO.

AIM:To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab on noninfectious uveitic macular edema(UME). METHODS: This was an open and prospective study without control trial. Seventeen eyes from 17 patients with UME diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were enrolled in this study. Before the injection, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)and central macular thickness(CMT)measured by OCT were examined. All affected eyes were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab 0.05mL(0.5mg). The BCVA, CMT and intraocular pressure(IOP)were compared with baseline at 2, 4, 8 and 12wk after treatment. Related complications were recorded. RESULTS: The median BCVA before treatment was 57(P25 and P75 were 52.5 and 64.5, respectively). The median CMT was 524μm(P25 and P75 were 365.5 and 571, respectively). At 2, 4, 8, and 12wk after injection, the median BCVA of the affected eyes was 76(P25 and P75 were 71 and 80, respectively), 81(P25 and P75 were 78.5 and 83, respectively), 82(P25 and P75 were 68.5 and 84, respectively), and 82(P25 and P75 are 78.5 and 83, respectively). The Friedman M test showed that there were differences in the BCVA in the four groups at different follow-up times, that was, BCVA after injection was higher than before injection(χ2=47.58, P25 and P75 were 249.5 and 374.5, respectively),231μm(P25 and P75 were 212.5 and 267), 219μm(P25 and P75 were 210.5 and 365.5,respectively), and 217μm(P25 and P75 were 201.5 and 366.5,respectively). The Friedman M test showed that there was difference in the CMT in the four groups at different follow-up times(χ2=40.33, PCONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab is a safe and effective approach for noninfectious uveitic macular edema in the short term, which can significantly improve visual acuity and reduce CMT in patients refractory to or intolerant of standard corticosteroid/ immunomodulatory therapy.

AIM:To compare the curative effects between laser multi-point scanning and single-point multiple scanning for the treatment of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS:Fifty patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy from January 2010 to January 2014 in our hospital were selected for the study, and were divided into two groups, the control group and the observation group, using a random number table. Twenty-five patients(43 eyes)in the observation group completed panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)therapy once by 577nm laser multi-point scanning. Twenty-five patients(41 eyes)in the control group completed PRP therapy by the single-point multiple scanning. The differences of average threshold sensitivity of visual field, F-ERG a/b wave amplitude, the clinical effective rates, the laser energy, the number of laser spot and the energy density between the two groups at various time points were compared.RESULTS:At 1d after the treatments, average threshold sensitivity of visual field was lower than those at 1d before treament, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.421, P=0.017). The differences of average threshold sensitivity between the two groups at 1d before treatments, at 1d, 1, 2, 6, 12mo after treatments, were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The F-ERG a wave amplitude of both groups at 1d after treatments were lower than those of 1d before treatments, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.319, P=0.025). There were no differences of the F-ERG b wave amplitude between both groups at 1d before treatments and at 1d, 1, 2, 6, 12mo after treatments(P>0.05). The F-ERG b wave amplitude of both groups at 1d after treatments were lower than those at 1d before treatments, and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.276, P=0.031). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of clinical effective rates and the number of laser spot(P>0.05). Laser energy used in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, the energy density was lower than that in the control group. The differences on the two items were statistically significant(P CONCLUSION:There is no significant difference on clinical efficacy between laser multi-point scanning and single-point multiple scanning of PRP therapy. But the energy density of multi-point scanning mode is lower, and the damage made by this mode is less.

AIM: To observe and describe the clinical manifestations of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome(MEWDS). METHODS:The clinical data of 25 cases diagnosed as MEWDS from January 2003 to November 2012 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A variety of imaging data were analyzed, and the clinical and imaging features of MEWDS were summarized. RESULTS: All patients with mild to moderate myopia, visual field defect in different degree. Fluorescein angiography(FFA MEWDS)showed: the lesions showed round strong fluorescent spot, with time delayed fluorescence intensity, advanced showed strong fluorescence boundary was not clear staining, optic disc fluorescence enhancement, accompanied by a segment of vascular wall staining. Indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)showed: the relative weak fluorescence early posterior interspersed with different size, advanced gradually with clear boundaries of patchy fluorescence. OCT showed: location photoreceptive cells layer thickness, photoreceptor inner segments of irregular/outer segment(IS/OS)layer band local thin or missing, with reflective intensity(abnormal fluorescence foci of the part and angiography in the corresponding), and retinal inner plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer were no obvious abnormalities.CONCLUSION: MEWDS patients with fundus spot like lesions are characteristic in FFA, ICGA, OCT, these features suggest that the lesions were located in the RPE and photoreceptors, these features of MEWDS disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

AIM: To observe and analyze on the incidence rate and causes of complications after anintravitreal injection of bevacizumab. METHODS: Totally, 207 cases(207 eyes)with wet age-related macular degeneration were selected randomly. All cases were treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab(1.5mg/0.06mL)and asked for chief complaints at 1 day, 1 week, 4, 12 weeks after operation, and also examined for routine visual acuity(best corrected visual acuity, BCVA), non-contact tonometer, slit lamp microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope etc.RESULTS: Among 207 cases(207 eyes), visual acuity improved efficiency was 90.8% 12 weeks after treatment, foreign body sensation was found in 7 cases(3.4%), eyelid skin pruritus in 1 case(0.5%), conjunctival congestion in 6 cases(2.9%), subconjunctival hemorrhage in 1 case(0.5%), post-operative intraocular pressure elevation in 2 cases(1.0%). CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of bevacizumab is effective with fewer complications. We propose to carry out a further randomized multicenter and larger-sample clinical research and further draw up the clinical application criterion of bevacizumab.