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The evolution of soybean mosaic virus: An updated analysis by obtaining 18 new genomic sequences of Chinese strains/isolates
- Source :
- Virus Research. 208:189-198
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is widely recognized as a highly damaging pathogen of soybean, and various strains/isolates have been reported to date. However, the pathogenic differences and phylogenetic relationships of these SMV strains/isolates have not been extensively studied. In the present work, by first obtaining 18 new genomic sequences of Chinese SMV strains/isolates and further compiling these with available data, we have explored the evolution of SMV from multiple aspects. First, as in other potyviruses, recombination has occurred frequently during SMV evolution, and a total of 32 independent events were detected. Second, using a maximum-likelihood method and removing recombinant fragments, a phylogeny covering 83 SMV sequences sampled from all over the world was reconstructed and the results showed four separate SMV clades, with clade I and II recovered for the first time. Third, the population structure analysis of SMV revealed significant genetic differentiations between China and two other countries (Korea and U.S.A.). Fourth, certain SMV-encoded genes, such as P1, HC-Pro and P3, exhibited higher non-synonymous substitution rate (dN) than synonymous substitution rate (dS), indicating that positive selection has influenced these genes. Finally, four Chinese SMV strains/isolates were selected for inoculation of both USA and Chinese differential soybean cultivars, and their pathogenic phenotypes were significantly different from that of the American strains. Overall, these findings have further broadened our understanding on SMV evolution, which would assist researchers to better deal with this harmful virus.
- Subjects :
- Genetics
China
Cancer Research
biology
Phylogenetic tree
Molecular Sequence Data
Potyvirus
Soybean mosaic virus
Genome, Viral
Genomics
biology.organism_classification
Genome
DNA sequencing
Evolution, Molecular
Infectious Diseases
Phylogenetics
Virology
Plant virus
Republic of Korea
Soybeans
Clade
Synonymous substitution
Phylogeny
Plant Diseases
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01681702
- Volume :
- 208
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Virus Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d2a423f226b84be05ffa6e6dfb4de805