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Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer causing death in Western countries; laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has many advantages and thus has been used widely. Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision through the sacrococcygeal incision under direct visualization to excise distal rectal cancer is an important procedure for super-low rectal carcinomas., Aim: To investigate the feasibility of mesorectal excision and super-low rectal carcinoma excision using the intersphincteric approach through the sacrococcygeal incision., Material and Methods: From December 2009 to June 2017, intersphincteric resection was performed through the sacrococcygeal incision; the mesentery was excised in 27 patients with rectal cancer and a contracted pelvis (the lower edge of the tumor was 4 to 7 cm to the anal verge) through laparoscopy in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of our hospital., Results: No death was recorded during surgery. The surgical time ranged from 190 to 310 min, the bleeding volume was 50 to 150 ml, and the post-surgical length of stay was 6 to 19 days. There were three cases of anastomotic fistulas, one case of anastomotic stenosis, and one case of fecal incontinence. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 19 patients, with a mean time of 37 months, ranging from 3 to 92 months; one case of local recurrence, one case of peritoneal metastasis, and two cases of hepatic metastasis were observed., Conclusions: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision using the intersphincteric approach through the sacrococcygeal incision is feasible for treating patients with a contracted pelvis and super-low rectal carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to observe the effect of the apoptosis of Kupffer cells (KCs) selectively induced by zoledronate liposomes following the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the rat liver transplantation model and to explore its mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat liver transplantation model was established using the improved Kamada method. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: no liver transplantation or drug treatment (Group A); donor rats were injected with 1 mL normal saline through the tail vein for 3 continuous days before transplantation, and the donor liver was preserved in cold for 2 hours (Group B); donor rats were injected with 1 mL zoledronate liposomes (0.001 mg/mL) through the tail vein for 3 continuous days before transplantation, and the donor liver was preserved in cold for 2 hours (Group C). At 24 hours after transplantation, the receiving rats were sacrificed for sampling. RESULTS Compared with Group C and Group A, the bile secretion flow was dramatically decreased in Group B, whereas the serum liver function index [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT)] was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the pathological injury area was obviously increased. Compared with Group B, the levels of serum interleukin1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the apoptotic index in Group C were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and Suzuki scores of congestion, vacuolar degeneration, and necrosis were all reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The apoptosis of KCs selectively induced by zoledronate liposomes inhibited the inflammatory cascade reaction induced by KC activation and reduced the release of cytokines and decreased the extent of IRI in the liver transplantation in animal model.

We explored the protective effect of ischemia preconditioning (IP) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation. An orthotopic liver transplantation model was utilized in the study. A total of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (group A, no liver transplantation), liver transplantation group (group B, heparin Ringer's lactate solution was perfused via the portal vein before donor liver collection), and liver transplantation with IP group (group C, IP was performed for different time periods before donor liver collection). Liver function, B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in hepatic cells, cell apoptosis, and cellular ultrastructure changes were detected after surgery. After surgery, serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly higher in group B than in group A, while it was not clearly enhanced in group C and decreased progressively with increasing cycles of IP as bile capacity gradually increased. Compared with group B, group C showed alleviated injury of hepatic cells, increased B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, and a lower apoptosis index. IP had a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation, and the mechanism correlated with increased B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in hepatic cells and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Purpose: To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of Bcl-xL gene on the invasive capacity of human colon cancer cells., Methods: HT29 human colorectal carcinoma cell line was transfected by small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Bcl-xL gene. Quantitative real-time (RT)-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the transfection, and soft agar colony culture experiments and Boyden chamber model test were used for cancer cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the protein changes of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in cancer cells., Results: Compared with the control group, the number of soft agar colonies and the number of penetrating membrane cells significantly reduced in the siRNA transfection group, and had dose-dependent characteristics; the uPA protein decreased significantly in the siRNA transfected cells., Conclusion: Bcl-xL gene may play an important role in the invasion of colon cancer cells, and the mechanism may be related to regulation of uPA expression.

The detection of the quality of honey and the differentiation of adulteration are very important for quality and safety assurance. Traditionally used chemical methods were expensive and complicated, therefore they are not suitable for the requirement of wide-scale detection. In the past decade, the detection technology of honey developed with a trend of fast and high throughput detection. Spectroscopy has the fast and non-contact characteristic, and was widely used in petrifaction. This technology also has the potential for application in honey analysis. In the present study, the progress in quantitative and qualitative analysis of honey by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and mid infrared spectroscopy (MIR) is reviewed. The application of this two spectroscopy methods to honey detection refers to several aspects, such as quality control analysis, determination of botanical origin, determination of geographical origin and detection of adulteration. The detailed information of the detection of honey by NIR and MIR spectroscopy was analyzed, containing detection principle, technology path, accuracy, influence factors, and the development trend.

The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a nondestructive method for determining the principle components of honeys was studied for 153 unifloral honeys and multifloral honey samples. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), CCD near-infrared spectroscopy and PDA near-infrared spectroscopy were evaluated to quantitatively determine water content, fructose content and glucose content in honey. On the basis of partial-least square (PLS) regression, the models of honey were compared. The best calibration model gives the correlation coefficients of 0.978 5, 0.931 1 and 0.90 7 for water, fructose and glucose, respectively, with the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.410 8(%), 1.914 48(%) and 2.531 9(%) respectively. The results demonstrated that near-infrared spectrometry is a valuable, rapid and nondestructive tool for the quantitative analysis of the principle components in honey.

In the present study, the fruit flesh firmness of apple was analyzed by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy using an FT-NIR spectrometer. The sensitive spectral regions that provide the lowest prediction error were analyzed by different well-known variable selection methods, including dynamic backward interval partial least-squares (dynamic biPLS), sequential application of backward interval partial least-squares and genetic algorithm(dynamic biPLS & GA-PLS), and iterative genetic algorithm partial least-squares (iterative GA-PLS). Iterative GA-PLS, dynamic biPLS & GA-PLS led to a distinct reduction in the number of spectral data points with better predictive quality. Furthermore, the majority of selected wavelengths were content with the characteristic of the sorption bands of fruit flesh firmness. Pectin constituents, complex non-starch polysaccharides, which are related to texture change in apple, play an important role in their harvest maturity, ripening and storage. Comparing NIR characteristic wavelengths of apple flesh firmness and typical absorption bands for pectin, it was found that characteristic wavelengths of apple flesh firmness were consistent with the pectins relevant spectral regions. Therefore, the NIR characteristic wavelengths of apple firmness based on GA and iPLS reflected the chemical component of apple and the results were reasonable.

In the present work, "Fuji" apples from Shandong Yantai were used to take the diffuse reflection spectra by FT-NIR PLS components (i.e., factors) were computed by nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) and the number of latent factors (LV) was optimized by a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure on the calibration set. On the basis of partial least square (PLS) regression, the models for apples' firmness before and after peeling were compared. In order to eliminate the effect of apple peel on prediction, spectral pretreatments such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), derivative, direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC) and wavelengths selection based on genetic algorithms (GA) were used. Finally, the results of different spectral treatments were compared. In conclusion, the RSDp of models for apples before and after peeling was 16.71% and 12.36%, respectively, suggesting that the apple peel played a negative role in constructing good predictive models. Moreover, the traditional spectral pretreatments (such as MSC, derivative) can hardly resolve the problem. In this research, GA-DOSC played an important role in reducing the interference of apple peel. It not only reduced the wavelength variables from 1480 to 36, but also reduced the latent variables from 5 to 1. The correlation coefficient (r) was improved from 0.753 to 0.805, and the RMSECV and RMESP were reduced from 1.019 kgf x cm(-2) and 1.197 kgf x cm(-2) to 0.919 kgf x cm(-2) and 0.924 kgf x cm(-2), respectively. Especially, the RSDp was decreased remarkably from 16.71% to 12.89%. The performance of the model after GA-DOSC treatment was similar to the model using spectra of apple flesh (12.36%). It was concluded that the prediction precision based on GA-DOSC satisfied the requirement of NIR non-destruction determination of apples firmness.

In the present study, improved laser-induced light backscattering imaging was studied regarding its potential for analyzing apple SSC and fruit flesh firmness. Images of the diffuse reflection of light on the fruit surface were obtained from Fuji apples using laser diodes emitting at five wavelength bands (680, 780, 880, 940 and 980 nm). Image processing algorithms were tested to correct for dissimilar equator and shape of fruit, and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was applied to calibrate on the fruit quality parameter. In comparison to the calibration based on corrected frequency with the models built by raw data, the former improved r from 0. 78 to 0.80 and from 0.87 to 0.89 for predicting SSC and firmness, respectively. Comparing models based on mean value of intensities with results obtained by frequency of intensities, the latter gave higher performance for predicting Fuji SSC and firmness. Comparing calibration for predicting SSC based on the corrected frequency of intensities and the results obtained from raw data set, the former improved root mean of standard error of prediction (RMSEP) from 1.28 degrees to 0.84 degrees Brix. On the other hand, in comparison to models for analyzing flesh firmness built by means of corrected frequency of intensities with the calibrations based on raw data, the former gave the improvement in RMSEP from 8.23 to 6.17 N x cm(-2).