Search

Abstract Based on the fitting results of the LHCb collaboration on the contributions of various intermediate resonances to the $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ B + → π + π + π - decay, we calculate the branching fractions and localized CP asymmetries of the quasi-two-body $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+} \left( \rho (770), \omega (782), \rho (1450), f_{2}\left( 1270\right) \rightarrow \right) \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ B + → π + ρ ( 770 ) , ω ( 782 ) , ρ ( 1450 ) , f 2 1270 → π + π - decays within the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach systematically. Our theoretical predictions for the branching fractions agree well with the data within the errors. In order to further test the framework of the three-body B meson decays in PQCD and the wave functions of $$\pi \pi $$ π π pair, we also calculate the branching fractions of the corresponding two-body $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\rho (770)$$ B + → π + ρ ( 770 ) , $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\omega (782)$$ B + → π + ω ( 782 ) and $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}f_{2}\left( 1270\right) $$ B + → π + f 2 1270 decays under the narrow-width-approximation, which are in consistence with the experimental data. The direct CP asymmetries of $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}(\rho (770/1450)\rightarrow ) \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ B + → π + ( ρ ( 770 / 1450 ) → ) π + π - decays are found to be very small because these decay modes are tree-dominated. However, due to the large penguin contributions from the chiral enhanced annihilation diagrams, $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+} (f_{2}\left( 1270\right) \rightarrow )\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ B + → π + ( f 2 1270 → ) π + π - decay has a large direct CP asymmetry, which is also discovered by LHCb collaboration. A relatively large CP asymmetry is also expected in the $$B^+\rightarrow \pi ^+ (\omega \rightarrow )\pi ^+\pi ^-$$ B + → π + ( ω → ) π + π - decay occurring via $$\rho -\omega $$ ρ - ω mixing, which would be measured LHCb and Belle-II experiments in future.

Objective: In this study, we screened for therapeutic targets of the Xian-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (XLJDD) for colorectal cancer (CRC) and explored the underlying mechanisms using network pharmacology techniques. Methods: Genes associated with CRC were collected from the GeneCards database. The names of the active compounds of XLJDD were used as keywords in the “chemical name” in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database to search the targets. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.1. Gene Ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to identify key target proteins. Results: A total of 234 XLJDD-related targets and 250 cross-targets between XLJDD and CRC were collected based on the TCMSP and HIT 2.0 databases. A PPI network constructed based on the STRING database revealed interactions for all 250 proteins. The network results revealed TP53, MYC, CCND1, AKT1, CASP3, and STAT3 as core potential targets. KEGG pathway analysis of the 250 potential XLJDD targets for CRC in the Metascape database was performed using RStudio software. The top 12 gene ratio aggregated analysis results were visualized in bubble charts. The interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway had the highest correlation with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Conclusions: XLJDD may be effective in ameliorating CRC by controlling inflammatory factors related to the IL-17 and TNF pathways and targeting proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including MYC, CCND1, CTNNB1, and TP53.

Abstract Inspired by the brilliant prospects of the ongoing B meson experiments, the hadronic charmless B $${\rightarrow }$$ → SS decays are studied by considering the next-to-leading (NLO) contributions with the QCD factorization approach, where S denotes the scalar mesons $$K_{0}^{*}(1430)$$ K 0 ∗ ( 1430 ) and $$a_{0}(1450)$$ a 0 ( 1450 ) . Branching ratios and CP violating asymmetries are estimated with the updated values of hadronic parameters obtained from a covariant light-front quark model, for two scenarios where the scalar mesons are the $$1^{3}P_{0}$$ 1 3 P 0 and $$2^{3}P_{0}$$ 2 3 P 0 states. It is found that the NLO contributions are very important for the B $${\rightarrow }$$ → SS decays. For the B $${\rightarrow }$$ → $$a_{0}(1450)K_{0}^{*}(1430)$$ a 0 ( 1450 ) K 0 ∗ ( 1430 ) and $$B_{s}$$ B s $${\rightarrow }$$ → $$K_{0}^{*}(1430)\overline{K}_{0}^{*}(1430)$$ K 0 ∗ ( 1430 ) K ¯ 0 ∗ ( 1430 ) decays, branching ratios can reach up to the order of $${\mathcal {O}}(10^{-5})$$ O ( 10 - 5 ) by assuming that the scalar mesons are the 1P states, and should first be investigated in the future experiments.

Background: Increasing evidence suggest a racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement, but this was under investigated in Asian pediatric populations. Methods: Via the Pediatric Intensive Care database, this retrospective study included pediatric patient records of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry (SpO2) measured within 10 min. Discrepancy was examined, and potential predictors of occult hypoxemia (defined as SaO2

Abstract Background The immunity of patients with lung cancer decreases after treatment; thus, they are easily infected with pathogenic bacteria that causes pulmonary infections. Understanding the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer after treatment can provide a basis to effectively prevent infection and rationally use antibacterial drugs. However, no meta-analyses have assessed the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in mainland China. Therefore, our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the pathogen distribution in pulmonary infection in Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods A literature search was conducted to study the pathogen distribution in pulmonary infection in Chinese patients with lung cancer between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022, using English and Chinese databases. The relevant data were extracted. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model ( I2 > 50%) with 95% confidence intervals for forest plots. Data were processed using RevMan 5.3. Results Fifteen studies (2,683 strains in 2,129 patients with pulmonary infection were cultured) met the evaluation criteria. The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria had the highest detection rate (63%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (23%), and fungi (12%). Among the Gram-negative bacteria detected, the distribution of the main pathogenic bacteria was Klebsiella pneumonia (17%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), Escherichia coli (13%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4%), and Hemophilus influenza (4%). Moreover, the prevalence of pulmonary infections after chemotherapy (53%) was significantly higher than that after surgery (10%), P

Abstract Some major challenges of ovarian tissue vitrification and transplantation include follicle apoptosis induced by cryopreservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as ovarian follicle loss during post-transplantation. This research aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on vitrified and post-transplantation ovaries. Ovaries from 21-day-old mice were cryopreservation by vitrification with 0.3 IU/mL FSH, 2 µM S1P, and 0.3 IU/mL FSH + 2 µM S1P, respectively, for follicle counting and detection of apoptosis-related indicators. The results demonstrated that FSH and S1P co-intervention during the vitrification process could preserve the primordial follicle pool and inhibit follicular atresia by suppressing cell apoptosis. The thawed ovaries were transplanted under the renal capsule of 6–8 week-old ovariectomized mice and removed 24 h or 7 days after transplantation. The results indicated that FSH and S1P co-intervention can inhibit apoptosis and autophagy in ovaries at 24 h after transplantation, and promote follicle survival by up-regulating Cx37 and Cx43 expression, enhanced angiogenesis in transplanted ovaries by promoting VEGF expression, as well as increased the E2 levels to restore ovarian endocrine function at 7 days after transplantation. The hypoxia and ischemia cell model was established by CoCl2 treatment for hypoxia in human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), as well as serum-free culture system was used for ischemia. The results confirmed that ischemia-hypoxia-induced apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells was reduced by FSH and S1P co-intervention, and granulosa cell autophagy was inhibited by up-regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, co-administration of FSH and S1P can maintain ovarian survival during ovarian vitrification and increase follicle survival and angiogenesis after transplantation.

Abstract In this paper, we calculate the vector, axial-vector and tensor form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$ P → T transition within the standard light-front (SLF) and covariant light-front (CLF) quark models (QMs). The self-consistency and Lorentz covariance of CLF QM with two types of correspondence schemes are investigated. The zero-mode effects and the spurious $$\omega $$ ω -dependent contributions to the form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$ P → T transition are analyzed. Employing a self-consistent CLF QM, we present our numerical predictions for the vector, axial-vector and tensor form factors of $$c\rightarrow (q,s)$$ c → ( q , s ) ( $$q=u,d$$ q = u , d ) induced $$D \rightarrow (a_2,K^*_2)$$ D → ( a 2 , K 2 ∗ ) , $$D_s \rightarrow (K^*_2,f'_{2})$$ D s → ( K 2 ∗ , f 2 ′ ) , $$\eta _c(1S) \rightarrow (D^*_2,D^*_{s2})$$ η c ( 1 S ) → ( D 2 ∗ , D s 2 ∗ ) , $$ B_c \rightarrow (B^*_2,B^*_{s2})$$ B c → ( B 2 ∗ , B s 2 ∗ ) transitions and $$b\rightarrow (q,s,c)$$ b → ( q , s , c ) induced $$B \rightarrow (a_2,K^*_2,D^*_2)$$ B → ( a 2 , K 2 ∗ , D 2 ∗ ) , $$B_s \rightarrow (K^*_2,f'_2,D^*_{s2})$$ B s → ( K 2 ∗ , f 2 ′ , D s 2 ∗ ) , $$B_c \rightarrow (D^*_2,D^*_{s2},\chi _{c2}(1P))$$ B c → ( D 2 ∗ , D s 2 ∗ , χ c 2 ( 1 P ) ) , $$\eta _b(1S) \rightarrow (B^*_2,B^*_{s2})$$ η b ( 1 S ) → ( B 2 ∗ , B s 2 ∗ ) transitions. Finally, in order to test the obtained form factors, the semileptonic $$B\rightarrow {\bar{D}}_2^*(2460)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$ B → D ¯ 2 ∗ ( 2460 ) ℓ + ν ℓ ( $$\ell =e,\mu $$ ℓ = e , μ ) and $${\bar{D}}_2^*(2460)\tau ^+\nu _{\tau }$$ D ¯ 2 ∗ ( 2460 ) τ + ν τ decays are studied. It is expected that our results for the form factors of $$P\rightarrow T$$ P → T transition can be applied further to the relevant phenomenological studies of meson decays.

BackgroundOral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals, this study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methodsWe collected subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 112 individuals (31 healthy controls, 24 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with COPD, and 29 patients with both periodontitis and COPD). The oral microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity and functional prediction analysis were performed.ResultsWe observed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis in both types of oral samples. Using LEfSe and DESeq2 analyses, we found differentially abundant genera that may be potential biomarkers for each group. Mogibacterium is the predominant genus in COPD. Ten genera, including Desulfovibrio, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Moraxella, Odoribacter, Pseudoramibacter Pyramidobacter, Scardovia, Shuttleworthia and Treponema were predominant in periodontitis. Bergeyella, Lautropia, Rothia, Propionibacterium and Cardiobacterium were the signature of the healthy controls. The significantly different pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between healthy controls and other groups were concentrated in genetic information processing, translation, replication and repair, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.ConclusionsWe found the significant differences in the bacterial community and functional characterization of oral microbiota in periodontitis, COPD and comorbid diseases. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque may be more appropriate for reflecting the difference of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients with COPD. These results may provide potentials for predicting, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of matrine inhibiting the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cell line TPC-1 through down-regulated miRNA-182-5p TPC-1. Methods TPC-1 cells were transfected after 24 hours with 0.5 mg/mL matrine or without 0.5 mg/mL matrine, the experiments were divided into: inhibitor-NC, inhibitor against miR-182-5p (inhibitor), mimic-NC, miRNA-182-5p-mimics, mimic-NC+matrine and miR-182-5p- mimics+matrine. miR-182-5p, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vinmentin gene were detected by PCR. TPC-1 cells proliferation and migration were detected using CCK-8 and Transwell assay. The expression of E-cadherin、N-cadherin and vinmentin protein was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with Nthy-ori3-1 (NT), miR-182-5p was highly expressed in TPC-1 cells (P＜0.01); down-regulation to the expression of miRNA-182-5p inhibited the proliferation and migration of TPC-1 cells (P＜0.01); Compared to the 0 mg/mL matrine group, 0.5 mg/mL matrine significantly reduced the miR-182-5p level (P＜0.05) and inhibited proliferation, migration of TPC-1 cells and also reduced N-cadherin and vinmentin expression but increased E-cadherin expression in TPC-1 cells (P＜0.01); Over-expression of miR-182-5p partly abolished the matrine-inhibited proliferation and migration of TPC-1 cells and the increased E-cadherin expression, decreased miR-182-5p,N-cadherin and vinmentin expression (P＜0.01). Conclusions Matrine is a potential therapeutic drug for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and miR-182 may be an effective target for the treatment of PTC.

Abstract Background Although rarely indicated, antibiotics are commonly used for acute diarrhoea in China. We conducted a randomised, double blind exploratory clinical trial of loperamide, berberine and turmeric for treatment of acute diarrhoea. Methods Adults with acute uncomplicated diarrhoea aged 18 to 70 were randomised to 4 groups: (A) loperamide; (B) loperamide and berberine; (C) loperamide and turmeric; (D) loperamide, berberine and turmeric. All participants were given rescue ciprofloxacin for use after 48 h if symptoms worsened or were unimproved. Primary endpoints were feasibility and ciprofloxacin use during the 2-week follow-up period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted following recruitment and were analysed thematically. Recruiting doctors, delivery pharmacists and research assistants were blinded to treatment allocation. Results Only 21.5% (278/1295) of patients screened were deemed eligible, and 49% (136/278) of these consented and were entered into the final analysis. Most participants had mild symptoms, because most patients with moderate or severe symptoms wanted to be given antibiotics. Follow-up was good (94% at 2 weeks). Only three participants used rescue antibiotics compared to 67% of acute diarrhoea patients in the hospital during the recruitment period. The median symptom duration was 14 h in group B (interquartile range (IQR) 10-22), 16 h in group D (IQR 10-22), 18 h in group A (IQR 10-33) and 20 h in group C (IQR 16-54). Re-consultation rates were low. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. Most interviewed participants said that although they had believed antibiotics to be effective for diarrhoea, they were surprised by their quick recovery without antibiotics in this trial. Conclusion Although recruitment was challenging because of widespread expectations for antibiotics, patients with mild diarrhoea accepted trying an alternative. The three nutraceuticals therapy require further evaluation in a fully powered, randomised controlled trial among a broader sample. Trial registration ChiCTR-IPR-17014107

The contradiction between the economy and the environment becomes acute as the increasing ecological constraints. It is thus necessary to improve environmental performance and realize the economic‐ecological double dividend. To achieve that, co‐operative efforts are needed on both production and governance sides, particularly industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation. Based on provincial sections in China spanning 2006 to 2020, we explore the effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on environmental performance, exploiting a two‐way fixed effects model. We also illustrate the potential channels and interactive effects between industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation. The results indicate an inverted U‐shaped nexus between industrial agglomeration and environmental performance, while environmental regulation favors environmental performance. Green innovation, factor allocation, deepening of division of labor, and industrial structure upgrading are plausible channels. Besides, we discover the interaction between industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation, where environmental regulation reduces the inflection point of industrial agglomeration, and industrial agglomeration improves the effectiveness of environmental regulation. Our work sheds light on the synergy between production and governance sides, which offers insights into green transition for China and other newly industrialized economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To develop an effective model of predicting fatal outcomes in the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods Between February 20, 2020 and April 4, 2020, consecutive confirmed 2541 COVID-19 patients from three designated hospitals were enrolled in this study. All patients received chest computed tomography (CT) and serological examinations at admission. Laboratory tests included routine blood tests, liver function, renal function, coagulation profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and arterial blood gas. The SaO2 was measured using pulse oxygen saturation in room air at resting status. Independent high-risk factors associated with death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. A prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict the survival of severe COVID-19 patients. Results There were 124 severe patients in the training cohort, and there were 71 and 76 severe patients in the two independent validation cohorts, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that age ≥ 70 years (HR = 1.184, 95% CI 1.061–1.321), panting (breathing rate ≥ 30/min) (HR = 3.300, 95% CI 2.509–6.286), lymphocyte count 10 pg/ml (HR = 3.029, 95% CI 1.567–7.116) were independent high-risk factors associated with fatal outcome. We developed the nomogram for identifying survival of severe COVID-19 patients in the training cohort (AUC = 0.900, 95% CI 0.841–0.960, sensitivity 95.5%, specificity 77.5%); in validation cohort 1 (AUC = 0.811, 95% CI 0.763–0.961, sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 73.5%); in validation cohort 2 (AUC = 0.862, 95% CI 0.698–0.924, sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 64.5%). The calibration curve for probability of death indicated a good consistence between prediction by the nomogram and the actual observation. The prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients with high levels of IL-6 receiving tocilizumab were better than that of those patients without tocilizumab both in the training and validation cohorts, but without difference (P = 0.105 for training cohort, P = 0.133 for validation cohort 1, and P = 0.210 for validation cohort 2). Conclusions This nomogram could help clinicians to identify severe patients who have high risk of death, and to develop more appropriate treatment strategies to reduce the mortality of severe patients. Tocilizumab may improve the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients with high levels of IL-6.

Abstract Background Positional head deformity (PHD) is defined as a change in the shape of an infant’s skull due to an external force. In certain cases, it can lead to cosmetic deformities or even neurological issues due to its impact on the developing nervous system. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of PHD in term infants in China and preliminarily establish a localized diagnostic reference standard. Methods Overall, 4456 term infants from three medical institutions in Chongqing were and divided and analyzed according to their age. Cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) and cephalic index (CI) were calculated in all infants. The current international diagnostic criteria were used to understand PHD incidence and analyze the CVA and CI distribution. Results According to the current international standards, the total detection rate of PHD in Chongqing’s term infants was 81.5%, with brachycephaly alone being the most frequent (39.4%), followed by brachycephaly with plagiocephaly (34.8%) and plagiocephaly alone (6.2%). The detection rates of dolichocephaly were low: alone, 0.9% and combined with plagiocephaly, 0.2%. According to age, plagiocephaly (44.5%) and brachycephaly (82.0%) were the most frequent in the 2-3-month group. The 75th/90th/97th and 3rd/10th/25th/75th/90th/97th percentiles of CVA and CIs were 0.4/0.7/1.0 and 76.4/78.8/82.3/91.1/94.6/99.2%, respectively. Conclusions According to the current international standards, the PHD detection rate among term infants in Chongqing was high. Therefore, a new diagnostic standard for Chinese infants was proposed where CVA ≥ 0.4 cm indicates plagiocephaly, CI ≥ 91% indicates brachycephaly, and CI ≤ 82% indicates dolichocephaly.

Motivated by the first measured Δ+→pe+e− decay by the HADES Collaboration, electromagnetic Dalitz baryon decays from the spin 32 decuplet (T10) to the spin 12 octet (T8) baryons are investigated by using the SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking in this paper. All decay amplitudes of T10→T8ℓ+ℓ−(ℓ=e,μ) electromagnetic Dalitz decays could be related by the SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking, so the amplitudes can be obtained by the measured branching ratio of Δ+→pe+e− decay from the HADES Collaboration. The branching ratios, the lepton flavor universality, and the ratios B(T10→T8ℓ+ℓ−)B(T10→T8γ) are predicted by the relevant experimental data. T10→T8μ+μ− electromagnetic Dalitz decays are studied for the first time. All predicted B(T10→T8ℓ+ℓ−) except B(Ξ⁎0→Ξ0μ+μ−) and B(Ξ⁎−→Ξ−μ+μ−) are on the order of O(10−5−10−7), and these decays could be observed and could be used to test the SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking approach in the electromagnetic Dalitz decays by HADES, PANDA, BESIII, and other experiments in the near future.

Abstract Background Apocynum venetum leaves are used as a kind of phytomedicine and the main ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicine products for the relief of colitis. To understand the bioactive constituents of A. venetum L., we did a phytochemistry study and investigated anti-Inflammatory effects of compounds and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods We isolated compounds from ethanol extract of A. venetum L. leaf and detected the most effective compound by NO inhibition assay. We investigated anti-Inflammatory effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The disease activity index was determined by scores of body weight loss, diarrhea and rectal bleeding; histological damage was analyzed by H&E staining; macrophages change in the colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC); myeloperoxidase activity was measured by myeloperoxidase assay kits; levels of proinflammatory cytokines were determined by qPCR and ELISA; protein production such as COX-2, iNOS, STAT3 and ERK1/2 were determined by western blotting. Results We isolated uvaol from ethanol extract of A. venetum L. leaf and found uvaol has excellent potential of inhibiting NO production. We further found uvaol could attenuate disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening, colon injury, and colonic myeloperoxidase activity in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, uvaol significantly reduces mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and infiltration of macrophages in colonic tissues of colitis mice. Studies on LPS challenged murine macrophage RAW246.7 cells also revealed that uvaol reduces mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Mechanically, uvaol inhibits the pro-inflammatory ERK/STAT3 axis in both inflamed colonic tissues and macrophages. Conclusions A. venetum leaf contains uvaol and uvaol has potent anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. These results suggest uvaol is a prospective anti-inflammatory agent for colonic inflammation.

As an important carrier for disseminating information in the Internet Age, the text contains a large amount of information. In recent years, adversarial example attacks against text discrete domains have been received widespread attention. Deep neural network (DNN) produces opposite predictions by adding small perturbations to the text data. In this paper, we present “WordChange”: an adversarial examples generation approach for Chinese text classification based on multiple modification strategies, and we evaluate the effectiveness of the method in sentiment analysis dataset and spam dataset. This method effectively locates important word positions by designing a keyword contribution algorithm. We first propose a “word-split” strategy to substitute keywords thatare designed by the structure and semantic property of Chinese texts. We also first apply “swap” and “insert” strategies on Chinese texts to generate adversarial examples. We further discuss the influence of multiple Chinese Word Segmentation tools and different text lengths on the proposed method, as well as the diversification of Chinese text modification strategies. Finally, the adversarial texts based on the long short-term memory network (LSTM) can be successfully transferred to other text classifiers and real-world applications.

Abstract In this paper, we calculate the matrix element and form factors of vector-to- vector (V I → V II ) transition within the standard light-front (SLF) and covariant light- front (CLF) quark models (QMs), and investigate the self-consistency and Lorentz covari- ance of the CLF QM within two types of correspondences between the manifest covariant Bethe-Salpeter approach and the LF approach. The zero-mode and valence contributions to the form factors of V I → V II transition in the CLF QM and their relation to the SLF results are analyzed, and the main conclusions obtained via the decay constants of vector and axial-vector mesons and the form factors of P → V transition in the previous works are confirmed again. Furthermore, we present our numerical predictions for the form factors of c → (q, s) (q = u, d) induced D * → (K * , ρ), D ∗ → (ϕ, K * ), J/Ψ → D s ∗ D ∗ $$ \left({D}_s^{\ast },{D}^{\ast}\right) $$ , B c ∗ → B s ∗ B ∗ $$ {B}_c^{\ast}\to \left({B}_s^{\ast },{B}^{\ast}\right) $$ transitions and b → (c, s, q) induced B ∗ → (D ∗, K ∗, ρ), B s ∗ → D s ∗ ϕ K ∗ $$ {B}_s^{\ast}\to \left({D}_s^{\ast },\phi, {K}^{\ast}\right) $$ , B c ∗ → J / Ψ D s ∗ D ∗ , ϒ 1 S → B c ∗ B s ∗ B ∗ $$ {B}_c^{\ast}\to \left(J/\varPsi, {D}_s^{\ast },{D}^{\ast}\right),\varUpsilon (1S)\to \left({B}_c^{\ast },{B}_s^{\ast },{B}^{\ast}\right) $$ the relevant phenomenological studies of meson decays.

Abstract With the potential for the improvements of measurement precision, the refinement of theoretical calculation on hadronic B weak decays is necessary. In this paper, we study the contributions of B mesonic distribution amplitude $${\Phi }_{B2}$$ ΦB2 within the QCD factorization approach, and find that $${\Phi }_{B2}$$ ΦB2 contributes to only the nonfactorizable annihilation amplitudes for the B $${\rightarrow }$$ → PP decays (P denotes the ground SU(3) pseudoscalar mesons). Although small, the $${\Phi }_{B2}$$ ΦB2 contributions might be helpful for improving the performance of the QCD factorization approach, especially for the pure annihilation $$B_{d}$$ Bd $${\rightarrow }$$ → $$K^{+}K^{-}$$ K+K- and $$B_{s}$$ Bs $${\rightarrow }$$ → $${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$$ π+π- decays.

This article concerns the dynamic behavior of a stochastic SIR epidemic model with vertical transmission. We present sufficient conditions which can determine the extinction and persistence in mean of the epidemic. Also we discuss the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model around the endemic equilibrium of the corresponding model. Moreover, sufficient conditions for the existence of stationary distribution are established. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations.