4,382 results on '"Public Health trends"'
Search Results
2. Using the Public Health Workforce Calculator as a Planning Tool (But Not the Only Tool).
- Author
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Leider JP, Robins M, Fisher JS, Orr J, and Castrucci BC
- Subjects
- Humans, Health Workforce statistics & numerical data, Health Workforce trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Optimizing Governmental Public Health Recruitment and Hiring.
- Author
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Pearsol J, Budzinski A, Nanthavongsa-Mosley A, Myers L, and Zialcita M
- Subjects
- Humans, Personnel Selection methods, Personnel Selection standards, Personnel Selection trends, Public Health methods, Public Health standards, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Key Considerations for Global Public Health Data Modernization: Lessons from Modernizing the Hepatitis C Program Data Analytics System in the Country of Georgia.
- Author
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Aniekwe C, Getia VK, Gvinjilia L, Manders EJ, Shadaker S, Schumacher IT, Mindadze M, Skhvitaridze N, Becknell S, and Santas X
- Subjects
- Humans, Georgia epidemiology, Georgia (Republic) epidemiology, Data Analysis, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C prevention & control, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Strengthening the US Public Health Lab System: Summary of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) After Action Review Workshop.
- Author
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Shelton SR, Nelson CD, Sullivan M, Wroblewski K, Mueller E, and Wolford T
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Pandemics prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, SARS-CoV-2, Laboratories organization & administration, Laboratories standards
- Abstract
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the significance of public health laboratories across the United States, while also revealing weaknesses in the laboratory system., Objective: To identify actionable recommendations for building a more resilient public health laboratory system based on previously published lessons learned from COVID-19., Design, Setting, and Participants: In April 2023, the Association of Public Health Laboratories, in cooperation with RAND , convened a 1.5-day after action review workshop of approximately 30 public health laboratory stakeholders to reevaluate priorities, improve processes, and affect policies., Main Outcome Measures: Analysis of workshop discussions identified 5 priority areas and 19 recommendations related to clarifying laboratories' unique role and promoting workforce capacity/agility, technology, and collaboration with governmental and nongovernmental partners., Results: Within the identified priority areas, workshop participants described how the recommendations would address challenges encountered during COVID-19 and contribute to strengthening the system., Conclusions: As the risk of novel infectious diseases persists and grows, the importance of maintaining laboratory response capabilities is likely to increase. Addressing the system's weaknesses will require active engagement of laboratories and the many stakeholders who depend on them, along with consistent, adequate funding to strengthen and sustain capabilities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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6. US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy: Firearm Violence Is a Public Health Crisis.
- Author
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Abbasi J and Hswen Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Firearms legislation & jurisprudence, Homicide prevention & control, Homicide statistics & numerical data, Homicide trends, United States epidemiology, Wounds, Gunshot prevention & control, Wounds, Gunshot epidemiology, Gun Violence prevention & control, Gun Violence statistics & numerical data, Gun Violence trends, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Trends in hospital capacity and utilization in Puerto Rico by health regions, 2010-2020.
- Author
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Stimpson JP, Rivera-González AC, Mercado DL, Purtle J, Canino G, and Ortega AN
- Subjects
- Puerto Rico, Humans, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Hospital Bed Capacity statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Like many under resourced, island communities, most of the municipalities in Puerto Rico are medically underserved. However, there is limited information about changes in hospital capacity and any regional disparities in availability of hospital services in Puerto Rico, especially given the multiple public health emergencies the island has faced in recent years (e.g. hurricanes, earthquakes, and COVID-19). This study described the trends in hospital capacity and utilization for the Island of Puerto Rico and by health regions from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed the 2021-22 Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and aggregated the data by seven health regions, which are groupings of municipalities defined by the Puerto Rico Department of Health. Ten-year estimates for hospital utilization were adjusted for population size by health region. During the more recent five-year period, there were decreases in hospitals, hospital beds, and surgeries, which represent a shift from the earlier five-year period. Over the 10 years of the study period, there was an overall decrease in population-adjusted measures of hospital utilization on the island of Puerto Rico-despite multiple disasters that would, theoretically, increase need for health care services. We also found variation in hospital capacity and utilization by health regions indicating the rate of change was not uniform across Puerto Rico. The capacity of Puerto Rico's hospital system has shrunk over the past decade which may pose a challenge when responding to recurrent major public health emergencies, especially within specific health regions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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8. Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks: Lessons Learned From Past and Facing Future Challenges.
- Author
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Dembek Z, Hadeed S, Tigabu B, Schwartz-Watjen K, Glass M, Dressner M, Frankel D, Blaney D, Eccles Iii TG, Chekol T, Owens A, and Wu A
- Subjects
- Humans, Ebolavirus, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, United States, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control
- Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this review is to examine African Ebola outbreaks from their first discovery to the present, to determine how the medical and public health response has changed and identify the causes for those changes. We sought to describe what is now known about the epidemiology and spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) from the significant outbreaks that have occurred and outbreak control methods applied under often challenging circumstances. Given the substantial role that the U.S. Government and the U.S. DoD have played in the 2014 to 2016 West African Ebola outbreak, the role of the DoD and the U.S. Africa Command in controlling EVD is described., Materials and Methods: A descriptive method design was used to collect and analyze all available Ebola outbreak literature using the PubMed database. An initial literature search was conducted by searching for, obtaining, and reading original source articles on all major global Ebola outbreaks. To conduct a focused search, we used initial search terms "Ebola outbreak," "Ebola virus disease," "Ebola response," "Ebola countermeasures," and also included each country's name where Ebola cases are known to have occurred. From the 4,673 unique articles obtained from this search and subsequent article title review, 307 articles were identified for potential inclusion. Following abstract and article review, 45 original source articles were used to compile the history of significant Ebola outbreaks. From this compilation, articles focused on each respective subsection of this review to delineate and describe the history of EVD and response, identifying fundamental changes, were obtained and incorporated., Results: We present known Ebola virus and disease attributes, including a general description, seasonality and location, transmission capacity, clinical symptoms, surveillance, virology, historical EVD outbreaks and response, international support for Ebola outbreak response, U.S. DoD support, medical countermeasures supporting outbreak response, remaining gaps to include policy limitations, regional instability, climate change, migration, and urbanization, public health education and infrastructure, and virus persistence and public awareness., Conclusions: The health and societal impacts of EVD on Africa has been far-reaching, with about 35,000 cases and over 15,000 deaths, with small numbers of cases spreading globally. However, the history of combatting EVD reveals that there is considerable hope for African nations to quickly and successfully respond to Ebola outbreaks, through use of endemic resources including Africa CDC and African Partner Outbreak Response Alliance and the U.S. Africa Command with greater DoD reachback. Although there remains much to be learned about the Ebola virus and EVD including whether the potential for novel strains to become deadly emerging infections, invaluable vaccines, antivirals, and public health measures are now part of the resources that can be used to combat this disease., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2024. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
9. Public Health Involvement in United States' Vision Zero Initiatives: A Mixed-Methods Study.
- Author
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Evenson KR, Kintigh JM, Neuroth LM, LaJeunesse S, and Naumann RB
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Accidents, Traffic statistics & numerical data, Accidents, Traffic prevention & control, Accidents, Traffic trends, Qualitative Research, Interviews as Topic methods, Public Health methods, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Context: Vision Zero (VZ) aims to reduce fatalities and serious injuries from road traffic crashes to zero through multidisciplinary coordination. While public health officials are often recognized as critical to VZ, their involvement in VZ across the United States has not been quantified., Objective: To explore how United States public health officials were involved in VZ development and implementation., Design: We used a mixed-method design including a quantitative assessment of VZ plans and in-depth interviewing with VZ coordinators., Setting: United States., Participants: Twenty-two in-depth interviews with municipal (n = 12) and regional (n = 10) VZ coordinators and 43 VZ plans were reviewed., Main Outcome Measure: Public health involvement in VZ development and implementation., Results: In the United States, 64 municipalities and 21 regional entities had first-time VZ plans published between 2014 and 2022. We abstracted a sample of municipal (n = 22) and all (n = 21) regional plans. Most plans described key groups involved in plan development (municipal 81.8%, regional 100%). About two-thirds (67.4%; 59.1% municipal, 76.2% regional) of the plans noted public health officials in the plan development. Most plans described the principles forming the foundation of their plan (83.7%), but few mentioned public health as part of the plan principles (22.7% municipal, 14.3% regional). Public health officials were involved in engaging the community (9.1% municipal, 33.3% regional) and providing data (22.7% municipal, 52.4% regional) for plan development, as documented in the plans. For proposed implementation, public health officials were identified as involved in: community engagement (31.8% municipal, 42.9% regional), sharing/analyzing data (40.9% municipal, 33.3% regional), and identifying/providing funding sources (13.6% municipal, 4.8% regional). The in-depth interviews provided further context and a more detailed understanding of public health involvement in VZ., Conclusions: Evidence from the VZ plans and interviews provided examples of how public health officials engaged in the development and implementation of VZ initiatives., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Embedding Health Equity Science at the Core of Public Health Practice.
- Author
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Dwivedi P, Ruebush E, Udeze C, Etheridge KW, and Fraser MR
- Subjects
- Humans, Public Health methods, Public Health standards, Public Health trends, Health Equity standards, Health Equity trends, Public Health Practice standards
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Improving America's Public Health System Will Require Collective Action.
- Author
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Valdiserri RO
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Public Health Administration methods, Public Health Administration standards, Public Health Administration trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Public Health standards
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Leveraging AI for Public Health Communication: Opportunities and Risks.
- Author
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Miller MR, Sehat CM, and Jennings R
- Subjects
- Humans, Health Communication methods, Health Communication trends, Communication, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Artificial Intelligence trends
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Recommended Strategies to Prioritize Evidence-Based Public Health Authority.
- Author
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Davis M, Baker-White A, and Baggett J
- Subjects
- Humans, Public Health methods, Public Health standards, Public Health trends, Evidence-Based Practice methods
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study
- Author
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Joseph Lasong, Yuan Zhang, Kahindo P. Muyayalo, Olivia Adhiambo Njiri, Simon Afewerki Gebremedhin, Chrissie S. Abaidoo, Chun Yan Liu, Huiping Zhang, and Kai Zhao
- Subjects
Domestic violence ,Public health trends ,Zimbabwe ,Risk factors ,Africa ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Domestic violence does not only violate women’s fundamental human rights but it also undermines them from achieving their fullest potential around the world. This study was conducted to assess trends and factors associated with domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe. Method This was a cross-sectional study which used secondary data obtained from 2005/06, 2010/11 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS). Respondents ranged from married or living with a partner (15–49 years). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with domestic violence. Results Out of 4472 women who were currently married, 1907 (42.7%) had ever experienced one form of domestic violence (physical, emotional and sexual violence). Women aged 40–49 was deemed a protective factor against domestic violence. Risk of domestic violence was higher among working women than unemployed women [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.047]. Women who drink alcohol significantly risk experiencing domestic violence compared to their non-drinking counterpart; also women whose husbands drink alcohol were at higher risk of experiencing domestic violence [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. Domestic violence was higher among women whose husbands have ever experienced their fathers beating their mothers and significant for women whose husbands have more than one wife (polygamy) [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. High parity (5 or more children) was also a risk factor for domestic violence among the studied population [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.038]. Conclusion Domestic violence was found to be strongly associated with women whose husbands drink alcohol, products of abusive parents/father beating their mother and/or polygamous marriage (had more than one wife). Domestic violence still remains a challenge and a more biting policy efforts are needed to eradicate this public health canker in Zimbabwe.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Sleep: a neglected public health issue.
- Author
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The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology
- Subjects
- Humans, Public Health trends, Sleep physiology, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
16. How climate change is hitting Europe: three graphics reveal health impacts.
- Author
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Wong C
- Subjects
- Humans, Europe epidemiology, Global Warming mortality, Global Warming statistics & numerical data, Climate Change mortality, Climate Change statistics & numerical data, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A country's efforts toward creating an advanced practice nurse in public health.
- Author
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Zlotnick C, Jabareen R, Madjar B, Hazoref RH, Gens I, and Shachaf S
- Subjects
- Israel, Nurse's Role, Health Policy trends, Advanced Practice Nursing education, Advanced Practice Nursing organization & administration, Advanced Practice Nursing standards, Advanced Practice Nursing trends, Public Health standards, Public Health trends
- Abstract
Aim: The study goal was to inform the creation of a blueprint for an advanced practice nurse (APN) in public health., Background: No internationally accepted standard for an APN in public health exists. Activities of public health nurses (PHN) traditionally have centered on health promotion and disease prevention, but many have added other population-based activities such as chronic and acute disease treatment., Introduction: An APN in public health is needed to address the global challenges threatening the physical, social, and mental health of populations worldwide., Methods: This qualitative study was comprised of six focus groups, each containing a different group of stakeholders (n = 40). Study results followed the requirements of the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ)., Findings: Two major themes emerged: the APN role in public health and core expectations. From the APN role theme, four subthemes emerged on APN domains of public health practice and functions. From the core expectations theme, nine subthemes emerged on the APN's qualifications and behaviors., Discussion: Agreement among stakeholders was found in the nine core expectations; however, among the four different visions of an APN in public health, two fit a population-based model rather than the traditional PHN model., Conclusions: A single APN role in public health is insufficient to address the breadth and complexity of today's global challenges as detailed by the sustainable development goals. Due to the interaction between health and the biopsychosocial environments, we need APNs with different areas of expertise., Implication for Nursing Policy: Nurses working at universities, in public health services, and as healthcare policymakers are needed to create a multistage strategy that gradually introduces several different types of APNs in public health., (© 2024 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Neglecting sex and gender in research is a public-health risk.
- Author
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Haupt S, Carcel C, and Norton R
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Gender Equity trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Sex Characteristics, Health Equity trends, Biomedical Research methods, Biomedical Research trends, Healthcare Disparities
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Now Is the Time to Strengthen Government-Academic Data Infrastructures to Jump-Start Future Public Health Crisis Response.
- Author
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Lee JS, Tyler ARB, Veinot TC, and Yakel E
- Subjects
- Humans, Government, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, Public Health trends, Information Dissemination methods
- Abstract
During public health crises, the significance of rapid data sharing cannot be overstated. In attempts to accelerate COVID-19 pandemic responses, discussions within society and scholarly research have focused on data sharing among health care providers, across government departments at different levels, and on an international scale. A lesser-addressed yet equally important approach to sharing data during the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises involves cross-sector collaboration between government entities and academic researchers. Specifically, this refers to dedicated projects in which a government entity shares public health data with an academic research team for data analysis to receive data insights to inform policy. In this viewpoint, we identify and outline documented data sharing challenges in the context of COVID-19 and other public health crises, as well as broader crisis scenarios encompassing natural disasters and humanitarian emergencies. We then argue that government-academic data collaborations have the potential to alleviate these challenges, which should place them at the forefront of future research attention. In particular, for researchers, data collaborations with government entities should be considered part of the social infrastructure that bolsters their research efforts toward public health crisis response. Looking ahead, we propose a shift from ad hoc, intermittent collaborations to cultivating robust and enduring partnerships. Thus, we need to move beyond viewing government-academic data interactions as 1-time sharing events. Additionally, given the scarcity of scholarly exploration in this domain, we advocate for further investigation into the real-world practices and experiences related to sharing data from government sources with researchers during public health crises., (©Jian-Sin Lee, Allison R B Tyler, Tiffany Christine Veinot, Elizabeth Yakel. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 24.04.2024.)
- Published
- 2024
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20. Empowering Communities in Geopolitical Crises: A Role for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.
- Author
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Goniewicz K, Khorram-Manesh A, and Burkle FM
- Subjects
- Humans, Politics, Disaster Planning methods, Disaster Planning trends, Empowerment, Civil Defense methods, Civil Defense trends, Disaster Medicine methods, Disaster Medicine trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Public Health Responses to CBRN Terrorism in the Middle East and North Africa.
- Author
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Mani Z, Plummer V, Kuhn L, Khorram-Manesh A, Tin D, and Goniewicz K
- Subjects
- Humans, Africa, Northern epidemiology, Middle East epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Public Health methods, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends, Terrorism statistics & numerical data, Terrorism trends
- Abstract
Objective: Escalating global challenges (such as disasters, conflict, and climate change) underline the importance of addressing Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) terrorism for sustainable public health strategies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of CBRN incidents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable responses to safeguard healthcare infrastructures., Method: Utilizing a retrospective approach, this research analyzes data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) covering the period from 2003 to 2020. The study focuses on examining the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of CBRN incidents in the MENA region to identify patterns and trends that pose significant challenges to public health systems., Results: The analysis revealed a significant clustering of CBRN incidents in Iraq and Syria, with a predominant involvement of chemical agents. These findings indicate the extensive impact of CBRN terrorism on healthcare infrastructures, highlighting the challenges in providing immediate health responses and the necessity for long-term recovery strategies., Conclusions: The study underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, robust emergency response systems, and the development of sustainable public health policies. Advocating for international collaboration, the research contributes to the strategic adaptation of healthcare systems to mitigate the impacts of CBRN terrorism, ensuring preparedness for future incidents in the MENA region and beyond.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. The Need to Widen the Concept of Health and to Include the Spiritual Dimension.
- Author
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Wüthrich-Grossenbacher U
- Subjects
- Spiritualism psychology, Spiritual Therapies trends, World Health Organization, Medicine, Traditional trends, Medicine methods, Medicine trends, Zimbabwe, HIV Infections psychology, HIV Infections therapy, Humans, Young Adult, Holistic Health trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Delivery of Health Care, Health, Spirituality
- Abstract
For many, the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health does not reflect their own understanding of health, because it lacks aspects such as spiritual wellbeing. Responding to these concerns, the WHO called in 2023 for a vision of health that integrates physical, mental, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and social wellbeing. To date, medical practitioners are often reluctant to consider spiritual aspects, because of a perceived lack of statistical evidence about the strength of relations. Research on this topic is emerging. A recent study among 800 young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe showed how study participants navigated three parallel, at times contradicting health systems (religious, traditional, medical). Conflicting approaches led to multifaceted dilemmas (= spiritual struggles), which were significantly related to poorer mental and physical health. This illustrates the need for inclusion of spiritual aspects for health and wellbeing in research, and of increased collaboration between all stakeholders in healthcare., Competing Interests: The author declares that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wüthrich-Grossenbacher.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Trump versus Biden: what the rematch could mean for three key science issues.
- Author
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Tollefson J, Gilbert N, Kozlov M, and Lenharo M
- Subjects
- United States, Environmental Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Policy trends, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health trends, Federal Government, Politics, Public Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Public Policy trends, Science legislation & jurisprudence, Science trends
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Digital measurement of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk from 7 million contacts.
- Author
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Ferretti L, Wymant C, Petrie J, Tsallis D, Kendall M, Ledda A, Di Lauro F, Fowler A, Di Francia A, Panovska-Griffiths J, Abeler-Dörner L, Charalambides M, Briers M, and Fraser C
- Subjects
- Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, State Medicine, Time Factors, England epidemiology, Wales epidemiology, Models, Statistical, Family Characteristics, Contact Tracing methods, Contact Tracing statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 transmission, Mobile Applications, Risk Assessment, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Abstract
How likely is it to become infected by SARS-CoV-2 after being exposed? Almost everyone wondered about this question during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact-tracing apps
1,2 recorded measurements of proximity3 and duration between nearby smartphones. Contacts-individuals exposed to confirmed cases-were notified according to public health policies such as the 2 m, 15 min guideline4,5 , despite limited evidence supporting this threshold. Here we analysed 7 million contacts notified by the National Health Service COVID-19 app6,7 in England and Wales to infer how app measurements translated to actual transmissions. Empirical metrics and statistical modelling showed a strong relation between app-computed risk scores and actual transmission probability. Longer exposures at greater distances had risk similar to that of shorter exposures at closer distances. The probability of transmission confirmed by a reported positive test increased initially linearly with duration of exposure (1.1% per hour) and continued increasing over several days. Whereas most exposures were short (median 0.7 h, interquartile range 0.4-1.6), transmissions typically resulted from exposures lasting between 1 h and several days (median 6 h, interquartile range 1.4-28). Households accounted for about 6% of contacts but 40% of transmissions. With sufficient preparation, privacy-preserving yet precise analyses of risk that would inform public health measures, based on digital contact tracing, could be performed within weeks of the emergence of a new pathogen., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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25. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19.
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Ruggeri K, Stock F, Haslam SA, Capraro V, Boggio P, Ellemers N, Cichocka A, Douglas KM, Rand DG, van der Linden S, Cikara M, Finkel EJ, Druckman JN, Wohl MJA, Petty RE, Tucker JA, Shariff A, Gelfand M, Packer D, Jetten J, Van Lange PAM, Pennycook G, Peters E, Baicker K, Crum A, Weeden KA, Napper L, Tabri N, Zaki J, Skitka L, Kitayama S, Mobbs D, Sunstein CR, Ashcroft-Jones S, Todsen AL, Hajian A, Verra S, Buehler V, Friedemann M, Hecht M, Mobarak RS, Karakasheva R, Tünte MR, Yeung SK, Rosenbaum RS, Lep Ž, Yamada Y, Hudson STJ, Macchia L, Soboleva I, Dimant E, Geiger SJ, Jarke H, Wingen T, Berkessel JB, Mareva S, McGill L, Papa F, Većkalov B, Afif Z, Buabang EK, Landman M, Tavera F, Andrews JL, Bursalıoğlu A, Zupan Z, Wagner L, Navajas J, Vranka M, Kasdan D, Chen P, Hudson KR, Novak LM, Teas P, Rachev NR, Galizzi MM, Milkman KL, Petrović M, Van Bavel JJ, and Willer R
- Subjects
- Humans, Communication, Culture, Leadership, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Social Norms, Behavioral Sciences methods, Behavioral Sciences trends, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 ethnology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Evidence-Based Practice methods, Health Policy, Pandemics prevention & control, Policy Making
- Abstract
Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions
1 , with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2 . In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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26. Domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study.
- Author
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Lasong, Joseph, Zhang, Yuan, Muyayalo, Kahindo P., Njiri, Olivia Adhiambo, Gebremedhin, Simon Afewerki, Abaidoo, Chrissie S., Liu, Chun Yan, Zhang, Huiping, and Zhao, Kai
- Subjects
- *
DOMESTIC violence , *WOMEN'S rights , *MARRIED women , *VIOLENCE against women - Abstract
Background: Domestic violence does not only violate women's fundamental human rights but it also undermines them from achieving their fullest potential around the world. This study was conducted to assess trends and factors associated with domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe.Method: This was a cross-sectional study which used secondary data obtained from 2005/06, 2010/11 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS). Respondents ranged from married or living with a partner (15-49 years). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with domestic violence.Results: Out of 4472 women who were currently married, 1907 (42.7%) had ever experienced one form of domestic violence (physical, emotional and sexual violence). Women aged 40-49 was deemed a protective factor against domestic violence. Risk of domestic violence was higher among working women than unemployed women [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.047]. Women who drink alcohol significantly risk experiencing domestic violence compared to their non-drinking counterpart; also women whose husbands drink alcohol were at higher risk of experiencing domestic violence [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. Domestic violence was higher among women whose husbands have ever experienced their fathers beating their mothers and significant for women whose husbands have more than one wife (polygamy) [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. High parity (5 or more children) was also a risk factor for domestic violence among the studied population [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.038].Conclusion: Domestic violence was found to be strongly associated with women whose husbands drink alcohol, products of abusive parents/father beating their mother and/or polygamous marriage (had more than one wife). Domestic violence still remains a challenge and a more biting policy efforts are needed to eradicate this public health canker in Zimbabwe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Substance Use Disorders in Later Life: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature of an Emerging Public Health Concern.
- Author
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Yarnell, Stephanie, Li, Luming, MacGrory, Brian, Trevisan, Louis, and Kirwin, Paul
- Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) among older persons are among the fastest growing health problems in the United States. The number of older persons is projected to exceed 72.1 million persons by 2030, following a trend of general population growth in the mid-1940s to 1960s. The generation, known as "baby boomers," who refashioned drug use during their 20-30s, are increasingly continuing drug habits into later life. This review aims to assess the epidemiology, impact, and treatment of geriatric SUDs. Academic databases including PubMed, PsychInfo, Ovid, and Medline, were queried up to December 2018 for terms of "geriatric," "older," "elderly," "substance abuse," "drug," "drug use," "drug abuse," "drug dependency," "illicit drugs," and "geriatric psychiatry." Articles identified included 17 government documents, 29 studies based upon government documents, 43 studies not related to US government surveys, 19 review articles, 9 commentary pieces, 4 newspaper articles, 2 textbooks, and 1 published abstract. Evaluated studies and documents together suggest that older individuals are using illicit drugs and meeting criteria for SUDs at higher rates than previous geriatric cohorts resulting in substantial negative impacts on medical and psychiatric conditions. These findings represent a novel trend since previous cohorts of older individuals were thought to rarely use illicit substances. Current treatment models are inadequate to address the new wave of older individuals with SUDs. The fields of geriatrics, addiction, and geriatric psychiatry must work together to establish comprehensive care models and treatment modalities for addressing this emerging public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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28. How our memories of COVID-19 are biased - and why it matters.
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- Humans, Immunization Programs, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, Public Health methods, Public Health standards, Public Health trends, Pandemics
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Historical narratives about the COVID-19 pandemic are motivationally biased.
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Sprengholz P, Henkel L, Böhm R, and Betsch C
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Risk, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Health Policy, Trust, Politics, Public Opinion, Disaster Planning methods, Disaster Planning trends, COVID-19 epidemiology, Motivation, Pandemics prevention & control, Mental Recall, Attitude to Health, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Prejudice psychology
- Abstract
How people recall the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is likely to prove crucial in future societal debates on pandemic preparedness and appropriate political action. Beyond simple forgetting, previous research suggests that recall may be distorted by strong motivations and anchoring perceptions on the current situation
1-6 . Here, using 4 studies across 11 countries (total n = 10,776), we show that recall of perceived risk, trust in institutions and protective behaviours depended strongly on current evaluations. Although both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were affected by this bias, people who identified strongly with their vaccination status-whether vaccinated or unvaccinated-tended to exhibit greater and, notably, opposite distortions of recall. Biased recall was not reduced by providing information about common recall errors or small monetary incentives for accurate recall, but was partially reduced by high incentives. Thus, it seems that motivation and identity influence the direction in which the recall of the past is distorted. Biased recall was further related to the evaluation of past political action and future behavioural intent, including adhering to regulations during a future pandemic or punishing politicians and scientists. Together, the findings indicate that historical narratives about the COVID-19 pandemic are motivationally biased, sustain societal polarization and affect preparation for future pandemics. Consequently, future measures must look beyond immediate public-health implications to the longer-term consequences for societal cohesion and trust., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A new model for public health in Africa can become a reality.
- Author
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Kaseya J
- Subjects
- Humans, Africa, Public Health standards, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2023
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31. Why China's changing diet is a bellyache for public health.
- Author
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Ye Y and Leeming J
- Subjects
- Humans, China epidemiology, Diet, Healthy, Nutritional Sciences, Diet, Western adverse effects, Public Health methods, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Focus on health for global adaptation to climate change.
- Author
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Zhang S, Cai W, Zhang C, Chan Fung Fu-Chun M, and Gong P
- Subjects
- Humans, Global Warming, Public Health trends, Acclimatization, Climate Change, Global Health trends, Goals
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The effects of cash transfers on adult and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries.
- Author
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Richterman A, Millien C, Bair EF, Jerome G, Suffrin JCD, Behrman JR, and Thirumurthy H
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, COVID-19 economics, COVID-19 epidemiology, Life Expectancy, Health Expenditures statistics & numerical data, Public Health methods, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends, Child Mortality trends, Developing Countries economics, Poverty economics, Poverty prevention & control, Poverty statistics & numerical data, Mortality trends
- Abstract
Poverty is an important social determinant of health that is associated with increased risk of death
1-5 . Cash transfer programmes provide non-contributory monetary transfers to individuals or households, with or without behavioural conditions such as children's school attendance6,7 . Over recent decades, cash transfer programmes have emerged as central components of poverty reduction strategies of many governments in low- and middle-income countries6,7 . The effects of these programmes on adult and child mortality rates remains an important gap in the literature, however, with existing evidence limited to a few specific conditional cash transfer programmes, primarily in Latin America8-14 . Here we evaluated the effects of large-scale, government-led cash transfer programmes on all-cause adult and child mortality using individual-level longitudinal mortality datasets from many low- and middle-income countries. We found that cash transfer programmes were associated with significant reductions in mortality among children under five years of age and women. Secondary heterogeneity analyses suggested similar effects for conditional and unconditional programmes, and larger effects for programmes that covered a larger share of the population and provided larger transfer amounts, and in countries with lower health expenditures, lower baseline life expectancy, and higher perceived regulatory quality. Our findings support the use of anti-poverty programmes such as cash transfers, which many countries have introduced or expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, to improve population health., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Rebooting GDP: new ways to measure economic growth gain momentum.
- Author
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Masood E
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Conservation of Natural Resources trends, Economic Development legislation & jurisprudence, Economic Development trends, Gross Domestic Product legislation & jurisprudence, Gross Domestic Product trends, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health trends, Sustainable Growth
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Mastering the art of persuasion during a pandemic.
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Svoboda E
- Subjects
- Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Pandemics prevention & control, Persuasive Communication, Sociology, Health Communication methods, Health Communication trends
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. To prevent gun injury, build better research.
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Sathya C, Dreier FL, and Ranney ML
- Subjects
- Humans, Behavioral Research standards, Behavioral Research trends, Gun Violence prevention & control, Gun Violence statistics & numerical data, Public Health standards, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Why climate change matters for pandemic preparedness.
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Vargas-Parada L
- Subjects
- Humans, Climate Change, Pandemics prevention & control, Public Health trends, Disaster Planning
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
38. Preparing health-care systems for future pandemics.
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Campbell K
- Subjects
- Humans, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Delivery of Health Care methods, Delivery of Health Care trends, Pandemics prevention & control, Disaster Planning
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Combined impact of future trends on healthcare utilisation of older people: A Delphi study
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Henk Hilderink, W.M. Ravensbergen, Robert Vonk, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Marieke Verschuuren, and Y.M. Drewes
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Ageing society ,Delphi Technique ,Population Dynamics ,Delphi method ,Elderly care ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acute care ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health policy ,Aged ,Netherlands ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Population health foresight ,Healthcare planning ,Health Services ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Mental health care ,Female ,Independent Living ,Public health trends ,0305 other medical science ,Older people ,Psychology ,business ,Nursing homes - Abstract
Purpose To explore the combined effect of trends in older people on their future healthcare utilisation. Methods A Delphi study consisting of two rounds was conducted. The heterogeneous expert panel (n = 16) in the field of elderly care rated the effect of combinations of trends in the Netherlands on the use of seven healthcare services: i.e. informal, home, general practitioner, acute, specialist, nursing home and mental health care. The percentage and direction of the overall consensus, for the different health services, and for three main trends were analysed. Results Experts reached consensus in 57 of 92 ratings (62%). Taking into account the interaction between trends, they expected an extra increase for informal, home, and general practitioner care, but no additional effect of interaction for specialist and acute care. Combinations that included trends leading to less support were expected to lead to an extra increase in utilisation. Conclusions Experts expect that interaction between trends will lead to an extra increase in the use of general practitioner, home, and informal care. This increase is mainly the result of interaction with trends leading to less support for older persons. The present results show the need to take the effect of interaction into account when designing new health policy and in research on future healthcare utilisation.
- Published
- 2019
40. Combined impact of future trends on healthcare utilisation of older people: A Delphi study
- Subjects
Ageing society ,Population health foresight ,Delphi method ,Healthcare planning ,Public health trends - Published
- 2019
41. Temporal and Spatiotemporal Arboviruses Forecasting by Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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de Lima CL, da Silva ACG, Moreno GMM, Cordeiro da Silva C, Musah A, Aldosery A, Dutra L, Ambrizzi T, Borges IVG, Tunali M, Basibuyuk S, Yenigün O, Massoni TL, Browning E, Jones K, Campos L, Kostkova P, da Silva Filho AG, and Dos Santos WP
- Subjects
- Animals, Arbovirus Infections epidemiology, Arbovirus Infections transmission, Arboviruses pathogenicity, Arboviruses physiology, Arthropod Vectors virology, Humans, Models, Statistical, Neglected Diseases epidemiology, Public Health trends, Arbovirus Infections virology, Arboviruses classification, Arthropod Vectors classification, Machine Learning standards, Machine Learning trends, Neglected Diseases virology, Public Health methods
- Abstract
Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health challenges for countries around the world. The arboviruses' dynamics are governed by a combination of climatic, environmental, and human mobility factors. Arboviruses prediction models can be a support tool for decision-making by public health agents. In this study, we propose a systematic literature review to identify arboviruses prediction models, as well as models for their transmitter vector dynamics. To carry out this review, we searched reputable scientific bases such as IEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We search for studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, using a search string. A total of 429 articles were returned, however, after filtering by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 139 were included. Through this systematic review, it was possible to identify the challenges present in the construction of arboviruses prediction models, as well as the existing gap in the construction of spatiotemporal models., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lima, da Silva, Moreno, Cordeiro da Silva, Musah, Aldosery, Dutra, Ambrizzi, Borges, Tunali, Basibuyuk, Yenigün, Massoni, Browning, Jones, Campos, Kostkova, Silva Filho and dos Santos.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States.
- Author
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Cramer EY, Ray EL, Lopez VK, Bracher J, Brennen A, Castro Rivadeneira AJ, Gerding A, Gneiting T, House KH, Huang Y, Jayawardena D, Kanji AH, Khandelwal A, Le K, Mühlemann A, Niemi J, Shah A, Stark A, Wang Y, Wattanachit N, Zorn MW, Gu Y, Jain S, Bannur N, Deva A, Kulkarni M, Merugu S, Raval A, Shingi S, Tiwari A, White J, Abernethy NF, Woody S, Dahan M, Fox S, Gaither K, Lachmann M, Meyers LA, Scott JG, Tec M, Srivastava A, George GE, Cegan JC, Dettwiller ID, England WP, Farthing MW, Hunter RH, Lafferty B, Linkov I, Mayo ML, Parno MD, Rowland MA, Trump BD, Zhang-James Y, Chen S, Faraone SV, Hess J, Morley CP, Salekin A, Wang D, Corsetti SM, Baer TM, Eisenberg MC, Falb K, Huang Y, Martin ET, McCauley E, Myers RL, Schwarz T, Sheldon D, Gibson GC, Yu R, Gao L, Ma Y, Wu D, Yan X, Jin X, Wang YX, Chen Y, Guo L, Zhao Y, Gu Q, Chen J, Wang L, Xu P, Zhang W, Zou D, Biegel H, Lega J, McConnell S, Nagraj VP, Guertin SL, Hulme-Lowe C, Turner SD, Shi Y, Ban X, Walraven R, Hong QJ, Kong S, van de Walle A, Turtle JA, Ben-Nun M, Riley S, Riley P, Koyluoglu U, DesRoches D, Forli P, Hamory B, Kyriakides C, Leis H, Milliken J, Moloney M, Morgan J, Nirgudkar N, Ozcan G, Piwonka N, Ravi M, Schrader C, Shakhnovich E, Siegel D, Spatz R, Stiefeling C, Wilkinson B, Wong A, Cavany S, España G, Moore S, Oidtman R, Perkins A, Kraus D, Kraus A, Gao Z, Bian J, Cao W, Lavista Ferres J, Li C, Liu TY, Xie X, Zhang S, Zheng S, Vespignani A, Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Mu K, Pastore Y Piontti A, Xiong X, Zheng A, Baek J, Farias V, Georgescu A, Levi R, Sinha D, Wilde J, Perakis G, Bennouna MA, Nze-Ndong D, Singhvi D, Spantidakis I, Thayaparan L, Tsiourvas A, Sarker A, Jadbabaie A, Shah D, Della Penna N, Celi LA, Sundar S, Wolfinger R, Osthus D, Castro L, Fairchild G, Michaud I, Karlen D, Kinsey M, Mullany LC, Rainwater-Lovett K, Shin L, Tallaksen K, Wilson S, Lee EC, Dent J, Grantz KH, Hill AL, Kaminsky J, Kaminsky K, Keegan LT, Lauer SA, Lemaitre JC, Lessler J, Meredith HR, Perez-Saez J, Shah S, Smith CP, Truelove SA, Wills J, Marshall M, Gardner L, Nixon K, Burant JC, Wang L, Gao L, Gu Z, Kim M, Li X, Wang G, Wang Y, Yu S, Reiner RC, Barber R, Gakidou E, Hay SI, Lim S, Murray C, Pigott D, Gurung HL, Baccam P, Stage SA, Suchoski BT, Prakash BA, Adhikari B, Cui J, Rodríguez A, Tabassum A, Xie J, Keskinocak P, Asplund J, Baxter A, Oruc BE, Serban N, Arik SO, Dusenberry M, Epshteyn A, Kanal E, Le LT, Li CL, Pfister T, Sava D, Sinha R, Tsai T, Yoder N, Yoon J, Zhang L, Abbott S, Bosse NI, Funk S, Hellewell J, Meakin SR, Sherratt K, Zhou M, Kalantari R, Yamana TK, Pei S, Shaman J, Li ML, Bertsimas D, Skali Lami O, Soni S, Tazi Bouardi H, Ayer T, Adee M, Chhatwal J, Dalgic OO, Ladd MA, Linas BP, Mueller P, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xie S, Zeng D, Green A, Bien J, Brooks L, Hu AJ, Jahja M, McDonald D, Narasimhan B, Politsch C, Rajanala S, Rumack A, Simon N, Tibshirani RJ, Tibshirani R, Ventura V, Wasserman L, O'Dea EB, Drake JM, Pagano R, Tran QT, Ho LST, Huynh H, Walker JW, Slayton RB, Johansson MA, Biggerstaff M, and Reich NG
- Subjects
- Data Accuracy, Forecasting, Humans, Pandemics, Probability, Public Health trends, United States epidemiology, COVID-19 mortality
- Abstract
Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models provide specific, quantitative, and evaluable predictions that inform short-term decisions such as healthcare staffing needs, school closures, and allocation of medical supplies. Starting in April 2020, the US COVID-19 Forecast Hub (https://covid19forecasthub.org/) collected, disseminated, and synthesized tens of millions of specific predictions from more than 90 different academic, industry, and independent research groups. A multimodel ensemble forecast that combined predictions from dozens of groups every week provided the most consistently accurate probabilistic forecasts of incident deaths due to COVID-19 at the state and national level from April 2020 through October 2021. The performance of 27 individual models that submitted complete forecasts of COVID-19 deaths consistently throughout this year showed high variability in forecast skill across time, geospatial units, and forecast horizons. Two-thirds of the models evaluated showed better accuracy than a naïve baseline model. Forecast accuracy degraded as models made predictions further into the future, with probabilistic error at a 20-wk horizon three to five times larger than when predicting at a 1-wk horizon. This project underscores the role that collaboration and active coordination between governmental public-health agencies, academic modeling teams, and industry partners can play in developing modern modeling capabilities to support local, state, and federal response to outbreaks.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study
- Author
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Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, Kahindo P Muyayalo, Yuan Zhang, Kai Zhao, Simon Afewerki Gebremedhin, Joseph Lasong, Huiping Zhang, Chun Yan Liu, and Olivia Adhiambo Njiri
- Subjects
Adult ,Zimbabwe ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Domestic Violence ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Protective factor ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Wife ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Marriage ,education ,media_common ,Demography ,education.field_of_study ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Sexual violence ,business.industry ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Risk factors ,Africa ,Domestic violence ,Female ,Public health trends ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Domestic violence does not only violate women’s fundamental human rights but it also undermines them from achieving their fullest potential around the world. This study was conducted to assess trends and factors associated with domestic violence among married women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe. Method This was a cross-sectional study which used secondary data obtained from 2005/06, 2010/11 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS). Respondents ranged from married or living with a partner (15–49 years). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with domestic violence. Results Out of 4472 women who were currently married, 1907 (42.7%) had ever experienced one form of domestic violence (physical, emotional and sexual violence). Women aged 40–49 was deemed a protective factor against domestic violence. Risk of domestic violence was higher among working women than unemployed women [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.047]. Women who drink alcohol significantly risk experiencing domestic violence compared to their non-drinking counterpart; also women whose husbands drink alcohol were at higher risk of experiencing domestic violence [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. Domestic violence was higher among women whose husbands have ever experienced their fathers beating their mothers and significant for women whose husbands have more than one wife (polygamy) [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.001]. High parity (5 or more children) was also a risk factor for domestic violence among the studied population [AOR = 1.35; p ≤ 0.038]. Conclusion Domestic violence was found to be strongly associated with women whose husbands drink alcohol, products of abusive parents/father beating their mother and/or polygamous marriage (had more than one wife). Domestic violence still remains a challenge and a more biting policy efforts are needed to eradicate this public health canker in Zimbabwe.
- Published
- 2019
44. Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change.
- Author
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Burgess-Hull AJ, Smith KE, Panlilio LV, Schriefer D, Preston KL, Alter A, Yeager C, Chizmar T, Delbridge T, Zamore K, Beeson J, and Epstein DH
- Subjects
- COVID-19 virology, District of Columbia epidemiology, Humans, Maryland epidemiology, Naloxone administration & dosage, Narcotic Antagonists administration & dosage, Pandemics, Public Health trends, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Time Factors, COVID-19 epidemiology, Opiate Overdose epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographically, we examined regional variation in the impact of the PHOs on counts of nonfatal overdoses, which have received less attention than fatal overdoses, despite their public health significance., Methods: Data were collected from the Overdose Detection Mapping Application Program (ODMAP), which recorded suspected overdoses between July 1, 2018 and October 25, 2020. We used segmented regression models to assess the impact of PHOs on nonfatal-overdose trends in Washington DC and the five geographical regions of Maryland, using a historical control time series to adjust for normative changes in overdoses that occurred around mid-March (when the PHOs were issued)., Results: The mean level change in nonfatal opioid overdoses immediately after mid-March was not reliably different in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding control time series for any region. However, the rate of increase in nonfatal overdose was steeper after mid-March in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding year for Maryland as a whole (B = 2.36; 95% CI, 0.65 to 4.06; p = .007) and for certain subregions. No differences were observed for Washington DC., Conclusions: The pandemic and its accompanying PHOs were associated with steeper increases in nonfatal opioid overdoses in most but not all of the regions we assessed, with a net effect that was deleterious for the Maryland region as a whole., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. China's zero-COVID strategy: what happens next?
- Author
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Mallapaty S
- Subjects
- Athletes legislation & jurisprudence, Beijing epidemiology, Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies immunology, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 Testing, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, China epidemiology, Epidemiological Models, Holidays, Humans, Immunization, Secondary statistics & numerical data, Quarantine statistics & numerical data, Seasons, Sports, Travel legislation & jurisprudence, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Health Policy trends, Public Health methods, Public Health trends, Quarantine methods, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. In Defense of Public Health.
- Author
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Morabia A
- Subjects
- Humans, Politics, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Public Health trends, Vaccination Hesitancy
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Trust in COVID-19 information sources and perceived risk among smokers: A nationally representative survey.
- Author
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Reynolds RM, Weaver SR, Nyman AL, and Eriksen MP
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, COVID-19 prevention & control, Cigarette Smoking adverse effects, Disease Susceptibility psychology, Educational Status, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Information Dissemination methods, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health trends, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Trust psychology, United States, COVID-19 psychology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology, Smokers psychology
- Abstract
Background: Public health officials have classified smoking as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity. Smokers generally have less trust in health experts than do nonsmokers, leading to reduced risk perceptions. This study addresses smokers' trust in information sources about COVID-19 and how trust is associated with perceived COVID-19 susceptibility and severity among smokers., Methods and Findings: A nationally representative sample of 1,223 current smokers were surveyed between October and November 2020, indicating their level of trust in COVID-19 information sources, and their perceptions of risk from COVID-19. Multiple differences in trustworthiness emerged; smokers trusted their personal doctor for information about COVID-19 more than other information sources, while news media were generally distrusted. In addition, the FDA was trusted less than the NIH and CDC. Several "trust gaps" were observed, indicating disparities in levels of trust associated with gender, ethnicity, education, and political orientation, which had the strongest association with trust of all factors. Political orientation was also a significant predictor of COVID-19 risk perceptions, but there was no independent effect of political orientation when accounting for trust, which was predictive of all risk perception outcomes., Conclusions: Trusted sources, such as personal doctors, may most effectively convey COVID-19 information across political orientations and sociodemographic groups. News media may be ineffective at informing smokers due to their low credibility. The results suggest that trust may explain the apparent effect of political orientation on COVID-19 risk perceptions. Implications for researchers, communication professionals, and policy makers are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Coronavirus disease 2019 and pregnancy is déjà vu all over again.
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Rasmussen SA and Jamieson DJ
- Subjects
- COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Climate Change, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging prevention & control, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, Travel trends, Travel-Related Illness, Civil Defense organization & administration, Civil Defense standards, Communicable Disease Control methods, Communicable Disease Control organization & administration, Communicable Disease Control trends, Pandemics prevention & control, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Public Health standards, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The Top News Stories of 2021: COVID-19 Year 2: With Politicized Public Health, Geography Is Destiny.
- Author
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Molyneux J
- Subjects
- COVID-19 epidemiology, Humans, Public Health trends, United States, COVID-19 therapy, Public Health standards
- Abstract
As some states approach endemic status, others face more misery., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Is precision public health the future - or a contradiction?
- Author
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Arnold C
- Subjects
- COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, Cholera epidemiology, Cholera history, DNA Fingerprinting, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Florida epidemiology, Foodborne Diseases diagnosis, Foodborne Diseases epidemiology, Foodborne Diseases microbiology, History, 19th Century, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II diagnosis, London epidemiology, Machine Learning, New York City epidemiology, Risk Assessment, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology, Zika Virus Infection prevention & control, Precision Medicine trends, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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