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The effectiveness of financial development strategies for countries depends on the methodology used for their formation and implementation. However, a review of the literature reveals that the methodology for implementing these strategies is not fully developed. Therefore, this study aimed to create a methodology for implementing financial development strategies by identifying priority financial instruments. The study utilized rule-based judgment, iterative methods, and the "GAP" method. As a result, the "5S+" concept was developed—an expanded version of the "5S" concept. The novelty of the "5S+" concept lies in its inclusion of financial instruments, as well as the rules and methods for determining priority financial instruments. This is the first time such a modification of the "5S" concept is proposed. The "5S+" concept was tested using data from the UK for 2007-2022. The test results allowed us to determine the UK's strategic financial development goals for 2023-2025 and identify priority financial instruments necessary to achieve these goals across the board. The expanded "5S" concept is highly representative, objective, and broadly applicable. It enhances the existing methodology for strategic financial development management and introduces new opportunities for improving the quality of strategic policy documents. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-06 Full Text: PDF

Transparency has become a key element for pub­lic entities as a mechanism of reliability and account­ability. In addition, the continuous auditing of these entities, as well as the efficient provision of public services, are important elements that can have an impact on a greater degree of transparency. In this paper, the aim is to measure how these factors influ­ence the level of municipal transparency through an analysis of a sample of 143 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants using the gen­eralized model of moments. The results show that an efficient and highly audited municipality offers a higher level of public information and influences oth­er political and socioeconomic factors.

The work embodies the author’s view on how interstate integration and globalisation also affect public administration in a particular State, in particular, they introduce a passive role into the very understanding of the State, form a multiple range of actors, both external and internal, especially in the field of civil society, which take over the functions previously performed by the State direct certain areas of public authorities' activities to address global issues (transnational crime, the consequences of global environmental disasters, etc.), set trends at the level of public administration towards greater decentralisation of the competence of public authorities and, at the same time, towards globalisation of management of certain areas related to global climate change and other global problems. It is emphasised that in the newest understanding of the paradigm of relations between the modern State and civil society, there is a socially oriented vector of the State, which is diverse and closely related to the needs of the population. The state acts as a kind of “bridge” between society and the potential opportunities for its development and satisfaction of the widest possible range of needs, establishing the so-called “public relations” direction. The authors propose their own interpretation of public administration as the functioning of a public entity system established by the State, whose activities are aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the State in the process of providing administrative services, implementing laws and by-laws, and interacting with civil society in the national and international dimensions. The promising directions of interaction between the modern State and civil society, which are divided into separate forms, include interaction of the State with members of diasporas through various institutions and practices, interaction of the State with civil society institutions formed by higher education students, interaction of the State with civil society in the field of environmental security of the State.

This article discusses, on one side, the way the obligation of the local public administration authority to provide systems of collection of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, which the owners of the construction and demolition permits are required to utilize, is put in practice, and on the other side, the usage of the best available technology (BAT). The law base of C&D waste management in Romania is Government Emergency Ordinance no. 92/2021, indicating the waste hierarchy and the objectives assumed by the EU, of which the most important is that of 70% minimum preparation for reuse, recycling, including fillings, of C&D waste. In the second part of the article, a few techniques from Europe and Romania for the valorification of C&D waste are presented. The case study presents the concrete situation of the city of Cluj-Napoca. The conclusion is that at present, the local public authorities of Cluj-Napoca provide a system for C&D waste separation and management, and that a multitude of functional and successfully employed technical solutions for the valorification of C&D wastes exist in the EU, as well as in Romania.

The research analyses the leadership styles practiced in the Romanian public administration, the gender differences regarding the practiced leadership and in terms of exhibiting behaviors that could lead to the development of civil servants’ resilience, trying to investigate the relation between leadership, gender, and resilience. The paper contributes to the scientific literature in the field by analyzing three concepts that are not usually explored together and especially in the public administration. The research methodology consists of a sociological survey conducted in the Romanian public administration where 766 civil servants agreed to participate.The research revealed that the studied leaders present a mix of characteristics where transformational and transactional behaviors are predominant. Regarding gender differences, both men and women are considered to lead in a similar manner, but a higher preference for male leaders was observed. Men’s leadership behaviors are better appreciated, indicating the presence of gender stereotypes and a certain level of prejudice against women. The studied leaders possess the necessary characteristics for developing civil servants’ resilience, being perceived as exhibiting supportive, encouraging, and motivating attitudes when their subordinates faced difficult moments in their careers. Also, the existence of a direct relation between transformational leadership and resilience was observed.

The research topic is aimed at analyzing the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the formation and implementation of information policy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept and content of the term "information policy", as well as the presence of this concept in the normative acts regulating the issues of domestic and foreign policy of Kazakhstan. The aim is also to analyze the problems caused by insufficient attention to the issues of modern information policy as an important component of national security. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it substantiates the need to develop and implement the concept of information policy of Kazakhstan, where special attention should be paid to the issues of interaction between state bodies and the population of Kazakhstan in the conditions of military and emergency. The research methods used were the method of systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts of Kazakhstan, as well as the method of comparative analysis of legislation and practice of Kazakhstan with issues of domestic and foreign policy of other countries. The results of the study should include a recommendation on the need to develop a conceptual document on the information impact and interaction of the state with citizens in order to ensure the protection of the national interests of the country.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores followership resilience in three Bulgarian municipalities. Its purpose is twofold: first, to draw the attention of researchers and managers on followership resilience, and second, to explore proactivity and trust as factors of followership re­silience in administrative structures. The study is based on a qualitative approach, and uses a combi­nation of two research strategies – exploratory and descriptive. Data is collected through semi-struc­tured interviews with a sample of 35 municipal em­ployees (10.2% from the general population). Follow­ership resilience is analyzed by means of followers’ psychological readiness to participate in the deci­sion-making process and to trust superiors. Four types of followers are identified and strengths and weaknesses of each type are discussed. The prefer­ence of the majority of interviewees (69%) to follow instructions and not to trust leaders is interpreted. It is concluded that the formula for successful fol­lowership resilience in terms of proactivity and trust involves achieving balance and coherence.

Objective: To explain how the Primary Health Network commissioning model works, and factors likely to affect its success. Methods: The study focuses on the delivery of primary healthcare services by one Primary Health Network (PHN) in Australia. The qualitative case study is informed by a desk top review, interviews (n = 49) and observations with key stakeholders involved in commissioning and delivering primary healthcare services in the region. Results: The study provides several insights about the PHN model. First, conceptually, the PHN commissioning model is well suited to identifying and meeting local primary healthcare priorities, bringing together a range of stakeholders involved in healthcare provision. Second, although primary healthcare services are difficult to specify and measure, PHN staff use their content knowledge and experience, and relationships with providers and the community, to design services that meet the needs of consumers. Third, the success of this model may be undermined by short funding cycles and short lead-times, a focus on national rather than local priorities, and continual reductions in operational funding. This may result in more procedural forms of contract management, which may mean that changes in service need, provision and quality go unnoticed. Conclusions: This study shows that although clever in design, the PHN model may not meet its full potential. Given continual changes to the model, including funding, further independent research should be undertaken to understand how PHNs adjust and whether services continue to meet the needs of the local community. What is known about the topic? Primary Health Networks commission a range of services. Little is known about how the commissioning model works and what enables its success. What does this paper add? While elements of an effective model exist, this paper finds that the its effectiveness is contingent on stability, funding cycles, and sufficient resources to manage contracts. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper identifies the risks to the effective implementation of commissioning and how they may be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article is focused on the legal regulation of administrative supervision of the National Police of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to define the concept and features of police administrative supervision and develop propositions for amending the existing legislation regulating law enforcement activity. The relevance of the chosen topic is the fact that police officers’ powers to monitor the rule of law in the fields of economy and public administration can directly affect the rights and freedoms of individuals and the legitimate interests of legal entities. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the doctrinal definition of the concept of police administrative supervision and its features and the development of propositions for amending the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police". The publications of scholars who studied the problems of police administrative supervision in various sectors of the economy and public administration were studied. The norms of legislative acts that establish the supervisory powers of the police are analyzed. It is concluded that police administrative supervision is systematic monitoring of the compliance with Ukrainian legislation in the fields of economy, public administration, public life, and the application of coercive measures to offenders to stop the offense and bring them to justice. Features of police administrative supervision, such as regularity, legality, formality, publicity, have been identified. Police administrative supervision is protective. Its purpose is to stop and prevent violations of Ukrainian law. Administrative supervision over the compliance with the law is carried out in the areas of public order and public safety, public administration, business, drug trafficking, firearms and ammunition, road safety, and other sectors of the economy and public administration. It is offered to make appropriate amendments to the Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police". The results of the study can be used in lawmaking, law enforcement practice, and the educational process.

Government-Run companies are entities to which States have been attributing characteristics to the extent of turning them into a fundamental tool for the fulfillment of their objectives. Due to their usefulness, a particular legal framework has been established allowing them to assimilate their operation to private companies in order to compete on equal terms and produce social profitability. In the same matter, it has been suggested that their labor framework has to be different from those prevailing in the rest of the public sector. Through an explanatory methodology, this article aims to unveil the labor legal framework that the Ecuadorian legislation has instituted for public servants who work in these entities. From an analytical perspective, it intends to conclude that a mixed legal framework that does not agree with what is established by the legal doctrine and that it needs to be unified to avoid arbitrary interpretations.

Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article provides the analyses of the main aspects of the global administrative law concept been proposed at the early 2000 to explain legal particulars of the global governance phenomenon. The prime focus is intentionally made on the basic elements of the concept with the specific emphasis on the different approaches to the issue. The characteristics is given both to the narrow understanding of the global administrative law connected to the regulation of internal action of institutions of global governance, and to the wide understanding covering the system of universal norms that impact upon the procedures of national public administration. The coherence between the global governance actors (including public and private, formal and non-formal ones) and the variety of global administrative law sources is revealed. The typology of the legal orders which compose the judicial system of global administrative law is also given. The typology in question particularly includes traditional sources represented by norms of international public law, as well as new sources such national administrative law rules extended through international instruments, internal procedural regulations of international organisations and rules of a “soft law”generated both by public and private actors. Fundamental principles of global administrative law may be typically classified in a two set. The one set is based upon specific provisions of universal international instruments, such as the WTO agreements, the other one is created through the transformation of national principles of rule of law, good administration and due process.

Background: The article examined the need to keep up with the growing demands of governance and the best way to improve efficiency and productivity in the Nigerian public service. In response to the demands of environmental dynamics, organisations strive to cope with or manage change. Aim: The aim of this article was to devise a mechanism that would enable civil servants to work better or achieve better results, as well as organisations embark on reorganisation, amongst others, to improve their mode of operations to fulfil their statutory public mandates. Setting: The article focussed on all the parastatals, ministries, departments and agencies that make up the Nigerian public service. Methods: The methodology of this study entailed a conceptual and contextual analysis of literature and official documents to analyse the area of investigation. The article deployed the qualitative research method to analyse data and information to reach a conclusion. Results: The findings revealed that public sector reforms in Nigeria have largely failed to bring about the desired reinvention of the public service. This lack of desired impact has occurred because the reforms were not radical and comprehensive enough in terms of the envisaged changes. Conclusion: To transform society from its relatively underdeveloped polity, transformation must be planned by the government, through its administrative agencies, to be the facilitator of development. To be an effective agent of socioeconomic development, the public service must also adapt itself (through administrative reforms) to cope quickly with dynamic changes and new demands that emanate from its environment.

The coercive procedure refers to the application of the administrative authority with respect to an obligation that citizens or foreigners contract for various circumstances in a given state; Regarding the administrative procedure, several legal bodies have determined its structure and procedural application. The Organic Administrative Code is imposed on the previous regulations to regulate at present this procedure that deserves an analysis regarding due process, the right to self-defense, legal security and its principles in general, to determine if it has managed to overcome the gaps procedural and legal that have been observed in previous laws.

Instruments of financing innovative processes in the aspect of cost refunding on innovations development are considered. Limits and possibilities of the state participation in the system priming reproduction of innovative products in the Russian economy are revealed. It is concluded that public and private mechanisms which local optimum is eliminated with cyclical swings parameters are complementary.

The main aim of the current theoretical analysis is to analyze both the classic and current literature on group behavior and teamwork in order to create a consistent image of what working in a team/group actually means. The material is addressed to both academics/researchers (as it synthetizes multiple aspects of the specific literature) and practitioners (which can thus improve the performance of their workplace). Having this dual target audience in mind, the article will cover topics such as: (a) the creation, development and evolutions of teams; (b) how to ensure team effectiveness; and (c) the individual competences (knowledge, skills, abilities and so on) necessary to function in a team. Furthermore, our research also includes brief theoretical analyses of the importance of teamwork in the public sector and the factors which can lead to the creation of more performant public sector teams.

Copyright of Journal Public Administration & Social Management / Administração Pública e Gestão Social is the property of Administracao Publica e Gestao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change, other environmental impacts due to increased energy use worldwide, and the exhaustion of energy resources are some of the major challenges facing today’s society. Considering this, this paper assesses the importance of biomass-based heating and hot-water systems in the achievement of more sustainable buildings. Using a simplified calculation method, we jointly analyzed the potential operational cost savings and reduction of CO2 emissions that would be achieved when the traditional energy model, based on the use of fossil fuels, is replaced by biomass-based heating systems. Evidence stems from a case study in public buildings in the province of Pontevedra, in the northwest of Spain. The results of this research not only show a huge impact on CO2 emission reduction just by adapting the kind of fuel use, but also considerable annual cost reduction without compromising activity development and workers’ comfort. Thus, the findings obtained should encourage governments to support the transition toward cleaner sources of energy, acting as first movers toward a locally produced and renewable-based energy supply.

The article considers social and economic challenges that Russia faces in the context of present-day global transformation. Key technological, economic, and social trends, which determine the contours of the post-crisis world, are analyzed. A long-term agenda for the country's development aimed at securing a new quality of economic growth is proposed.

The case is made for a complex governance networks conceptualization. The contributions of the literatures on governance, networks, and complexity studies are discussed. Governance researchers challenged the traditional ways of thinking in public policy and administration and highlighted the multi-centered nature of policy and administrative processes. Governance networks researchers applied the refined network concepts and methods to our understanding of governance processes. Complexity researchers provide ontological and epistemological grounding to governance networks studies and conceptual and methodological tools to study the self-organizational, emergent, and coevolutionary processes within and among complex governance networks. It is argued that the concepts and methods of the three streams should be synthesized and that complex governance network researchers should incorporate the insights of well-established theories of policy processes, such as the institutional analysis and development framework and the advocacy coalition framework.

The present paper brings forth an analysis of the urban inhabitants’ perception regarding the quality of environmental factors. The research is based on a secondary analysis using data provided by the Flash Eurobarometer 277: Urban Audit Perception Survey. The main conclusion of this paper is centered on the fact that Romanian urban inhabitants give little attention to environmental factors, their priorities targeting other areas like work and health connected issues. A greater amount of attention to environmental factors is given by the more educated population which is more aware of the environmental factors’ importance for their daily life. The practical conclusion of the study consists in the necessity to make the whole population aware of the environmental problems, in view of adopting an appropriate behavior and attitudes regarding urban surroundings. The public administration has to play a key role in this respect, thus the paper tries to underline the possible outcomes that this situation can have on the decisions made by local authorities.

The crisis management literature offers a host of theoretical treatises that are relevant to crisis threat assessment in public administrations; however, these insights remain non-cumulative, non-consolidated, and unstructured in a field of individual contributions. Using existing literature regarding crisis definitions, crisis classifications, and crisis threat assessment tools, this exploratory paper identifies crucial analytical approaches to crisis threat assessment with relevance to public administrations. A critical evaluation of the specific research reveals gaps in the theoretical knowledge base and identifies three conceptual requirements for promoting a profound theorization of the field: the provision of relevant crisis threat variables, the specification of these variables, and the consolidation of the existing crisis threat assessment literature.

The article focuses on the issue of administrative appeal and analyzes how the appeal functions in two different jurisdictions: Poland and Romania. The authors start by providing information on the nature of the administrative appeal (mandatory or not), deadlines for exercising it, suspensive effect for the action in court etc. All these aspects are examined from a comparative perspective. The aim of the comparative perspective is to highlight that currently the European national systems are fluid and continuously changing; in addition, the goal is to identify best practices that could be transferred from one system to the other. One of the key topics addressed in the context of this theme refers to the relationship that exists between the administrative appeal and the action in court. Authors try to answer the question whether the citizens’ access to justice is breached in cases when the appeal is mandatory. The authors also discuss the fact that very often a mandatory appeal can lead to a high number of cases being solved outside the courts.

In a reflective way, the objective of this paper is to identify evidence of the modernization of public administration that a Brazilian state has achieved in terms of filling positions by appointment, such as for public entrepreneurs, rather than by using civil servant exams,. The research used a qualitative approach, treating primary and secondary data to content analysis. Contributions of the research include the observation that prequalification processes for public entrepreneurs are an advancement in public administration in terms of filling appointed positions. However, based upon the literature review and data, appointing such positions in Brazil can be a way for governments to gain political support, at least when they don't consist of mere appropriation of government jobs for the purpose of bypassing civil exams, which are usually mandatory in Brazil.

This article aims to present the model of judicial review adopted by the Brazilian Constitution, as well as the origin of these models and reflections (or posibles) to judicial review of public policies in Brazil. Similarly, the possible limits that may be established and the effect that, perchance, to have this control, in relation to public policies.Therefore, establishing a line identifying the key problems of importation of these models and dashed criteria that may be universalizable the control of public policy in Brazil, grace evidenced in Administrative Law and that demonstrates a gap between the study of public policy in politics and jurisprudence.

Social impact assessment (hereafter, SIA) is a specific type of evaluation extremely useful in public management, a research technique and a public policy instrument successfully used all over the world by those responsible with institutional and organizational management, with the coordination of projects and programs financed from public or private founds. Governments use the SIA in order to notice, in time, the effects of the interventions they implement or they intend to implement. The aim of a model for social impact assessment of public administration reform is to observe over time and mitigate the unwanted effects of public administration reforms on the groups of people, on communities and on society, as well as to encourage the positive elements of the impact. In short, social impact assessment of public administration reform can be used in order to minimize losses and maximize the benefits of the reform interventions upon small or large social groups.

In this work I have approached elements related to need of total quality in public administration field. .I explained the total quality concept and total quality management concept as a strategy for continuous improvement of quality in public administration field.. We have also shown the importance of organizational culture to develop and implement total quality management. Throughout my paper I have presented and expressed the need of quality in the public administration area, starting from these considerations: the incidence in the economy, limited resources, reaffirming the democratic values, the legitimacy of the public area and the citizens’ pressure. The total quality management supposes a continuous improvement of public services and processes as well as the creation of a management system focused on quality, which adds value to the customer citizen’s perception by creativity and participation of the entire staff in this effort.

In this paper we intend to highlight the main challenges that the contemporary power and public administration are facing. Thus, after a brief overview of the concepts of public power, power centers, public administration, we focused on the phenomenon with negative impact over the development of a society: the activity of pressure and interest groups (also known as lobbying), the “rent seeking” behavior and their peculiarities in the Romanian society. The problem of corruption in post-communist Romania was one of the factors that have hampered economic development and political progress, sabotaging from the inside Romania’s path and aspirations towards an entry in normality after 1989. Other obstacles to business development in Romania were the inefficient and corrupt bureaucracy and a slow judiciary system. They were strongly correlated with the captive state, meaning corruption and interest groups surrounding the initiation and adoption of laws, governmental regulations and ordinances. Romania is faced with serious degradation of the climate of public integrity, marked by lack of strategic coordination of legislative and institutional anti-corruption measures. Romanian government can “praise” with higher corruption average than the average of new member countries, and also than the old member states’ average.

Las prácticas de divulgación de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) son cada vez más utilizadas por las grandes compañías como instrumentos para eliminar las asimetrías de información entre los stakeholders. En el caso de las administraciones públicas, aunque las exigencias de los ciudadanos son cada vez mayores en materia de transparencia y de rendición de cuentas, la difusión de información RSC es un tema todavía poco estudiado. Este trabajo pretende realizar una primera aproximación a la difusión de información RSC en las administraciones locales españolas y su finalidad principal es conocer las debilidades y fortalezas que, en materia de RSC, tienen los sistemas de información de estas entidades, identificando oportunidades de mejora que orienten futuras investigaciones. Para ello, hemos analizado los sitios web de 55 grandes gobiernos locales, obteniendo conclusiones sobre la difusión de información general acerca de RSC así como sobre la publicación de información económica, social y medioambiental. Los resultados revelan que las mayores carencias de publicación de información RSC corresponden a la información medioambiental, mientras que la información social es la más divulgada. Asimismo, el tamaño de la entidad, la competencia política y el signo del partido gobernante, no explican el desarrollo de las prácticas de difusión de información RSC.PALABRAS CLAVE: Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, Administración Pública.ABSTRACTThe disclosure practices of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are increasingly used by large companies in order to eliminate information asymmetries between stakeholders. Instead, the disclosure of CSR information for governments is a topic little studied yet, though the demands of citizens are increasing in transparency and accountability. This paper attempts a first approach to information CSR dissemination in Spanish local governments. Its main purpose is to know the strengths and weaknesses about CSR of information systems of these entities, identifying opportunities for improvement to guide future research. To do this, we analyzed the websites of 55 large local governments, drawing conclusions about the disclosure of CSR general information and about the publication of on economic, social and environmental information. The results reveal that the major shortcomings in CSR disclosure are related to environmental information, while social information is the most published. Also, the size of the entity, political competition and the political sign of the government, do not explain the development of disclosure of RSC information.

El objetivo de este trabajo, que introduce este número especial en Contabilidad Pública, es analizar la evolución de la investigación en esta área en las universidades españolas, dado el proceso de modernización y normalización que la Contabilidad Pública ha sufrido en los últimos 30 años. Para ello realizamos una revisión de los trabajos publicados, entre 1981 y 2010, por los profesores de contabilidad en las revistas de mayor impacto, tanto nacionales como internacionales. La investigación en esta área ha venido acompañada por el esfuerzo que las propias administraciones públicas han realizado para reformar los sistemas de contabilidad y gestión, en línea con la tendencia a nivel internacional, y enmarcado dentro de la filosofía de la New Public Management. A través de esta revisión bibliográfica pretendemos también poner de manifiesto qué líneas de investigación han sido las preferentes, presentar los artículos de este número especial y proponer una agenda de investigación en Contabilidad Pública en el futuro en España.The purpose of this article, introducing this special issue on Public Accounting, is analyzing the evolution of research in this area, considering the process of modernization and standardization that public accounting has experienced in the last 30 years. With this aim we undertake a review of the paper published between 1981 until 2010 by accounting researchers in top national and international academic journals. Research in this area was carried out in this period in a context in which the public administration, along with international trends, followed the path of New Public Management. With this review we also intend to reveal which were the most visited research subjects, to present the articles published in this special issue and, finally, to suggest a future research agenda in Public Accounting in Spain.

Instruments of financing innovative processes in the aspect of cost refunding on innovations development are considered. Limits and possibilities of the state participation in the system priming reproduction of innovative products in the Russian economy are revealed. It is concluded that public and private mechanisms which local optimum is eliminated with cyclical swings parameters are complementary.

Con el Tratado de Ámsterdam se dio el paso para empezar una política de cohesion con todas las regiones europeas. El primer bloque de medidas a adoptar se daría en el periodo 2000- 2006 (añadiendo la reforma de la política de estructuras), centrándose en ajustes estructurales, reconversiones y educación y, a partir de ahí, se planificaba un segundo periodo (2007- 2013) en el que se profundizará en los procesos de desarrollo. Es aquí donde las sociedades cooperativas juegan un papel decisivo, entre otras razones por su contribución a la mejor integración y cohesión social para alcanzar un buen desarrollo territorial./The Amsterdam Treaty was followed by the begining a policy of cohesion with all European regions. The first set of steps took place within the time period 2000- 2006 (including the structure policy reform), focusing on structural adjustments, modernization and education. At this point, a second period (2007- 2013) has been planified by the EU where development processes will be dealt with. Cooperative societies play a key role in this issue thanks to their contribution to a better integration and social cohesion, among other reasons, in order to reach an appropriate territorial development.

Information and communication technologies afford public administrations the opportunity to communicate more directly with individual members of their constituencies by offering tailored information services on-line. This paper focuses on delivering tailored informational brochures describing the programs offered by a public administration agency to the public it serves. The goal is to better communicate with the public by moving from brochures written for generic audiences, which must include careful discussions of the conditions distinguishing the various constituencies within the generic audience, to brochures written for individuals, which can be personalised to focus on the information relevant to one reader. This paper presents a scoping study that identified key requirements for such tailoring and a prototype application developed in response to the study. The paper pays particular attention to the forms of document tailoring appropriate in the eGovernment domain and to the information that must be represented to support this tailoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government has been a hot topic in the public administration research community for some time now. While still considered by some to be merely a technological phenomenon, it also includes organisational changes in public administration, development and implementation of new business processes, discovering better and faster ways of providing public services and offering entirely new services, not known before. In this article we try to look at the development of e-government in Slovenia from both perspectives, technological and organisational. We explore the public administration presence on the Internet, the services it provides and the back-office systems that support them. The current state of electronic services provided by various public administration bodies is examined, both from the end user's perspective and from a technological point of view. We present the current state of e-government with respect to the action plans it has committed itself, while relying on well-known methodology adopted by the European Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a neo-institutionalist perspective on the European Commission based on two lines of internal conflict: the Commission's need to be accountable simultaneously to the member states and to 'the citizens' ('multiple accountability') and its dual function of providing executive government and public administration ('politicized bureaucracy') for the European polity. These dimensions of conflict have created a multi-organization which combines features of four organizational ideal-types. Within the Commission the search for answers to the inherent tension between these conflicting organizational modes is different from one policy area to the next, and the overall balance is shifting over time. It is suggested that the study of the politicization of such institutionalized contradictions, the mechanisms developed for their resolution and the resultant organizational dynamics are a useful guide towards an improved understanding of the European Commission and the integration process at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]