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Phenomena of global development and technological innovation have been theorised and debated from an evolutionary common ground of social, economic, and technical change. However, apart from this common ground, there is a gulf that needs to be bridged. In several respects, development theory is preoccupied with social values such as inclusion and equality whereas innovation theory is preoccupied with economic values of economic growth and maximisation of aggregate utility. This gulf of competing values underpins public policies which are unable to deal with modern day crises such as poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and unsustainable development. I argue that the gulf between development and innovation theories can be critically re-thought and permanently bridged using a relational notion of social justice that can allow inclusion/equality to be affirmed without disincentivising growth/utility. Such a notion of social justice should be only concerned with equalising resources in as long as this mitigates or eliminates relational inequalities such as hierarchies, oppression, and domination in globalised societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how the interplay of different actors has shaped the arrival of newcomers in the city of Palermo in Southern Italy. The recent debate on arrival infrastructures is currently developing in Central Europe, where arrival has been experienced as part of a reception crisis starting in 2015. Within this framework, Southern European contexts represent interesting fields of observation, both for the way arrivals are deployed and for the type of public action that has been mobilized. Here, arrivals are often linked to further departures; infrastructuring processes involve a wide range of in/formal actors, which can be inscribed into a Southern (European) definition of public action. Stemming from two research projects in urban studies, the article unpacks how different actors channeled newcomers’ arrivals between 2015 and 2020. Methodologically, the work builds on qualitative methods and fieldwork, as well as on documents and discourse analysis. It highlights the interplay of a robust pro-hospitality political discourse, a broad—and partly informal—public action around it, everyday infrastructuring practices, and how they spatialized into diverse arrival spaces. In Palermo, public action takes roots in a specific urban historical trajectory of the city, through actions and spaces that lie between formality and informality and that often also reveal resourceful aspects.

Memorial markers (statues, street names, monuments, commemorations, etc.) are everywhere in Brussels, and reflect the ideological and political values of their time. Their acceptance – which has naturally evolved over time – has often led to protests. Today, these protests focus mainly on the colonialist, racist or sexist representations conveyed by these markers in the public space. This synopsis presents the main features of the memorial landscape in Brussels since 1830 and proposes a typology of intervention strategies in the face of controversial markers, according to two main lines: the place of intervention and the visibility given to the protest. Based on an analysis of interviews, focus groups, seminars and the press, this typology identifies six strategies, ranging from maintaining the status quo to the removal of the marker. The analysis of each is illustrated by examples and arguments drawn from the body of information regarding Brussels. The study is aimed both at researchers in the field of memorial studies and political decision-makers faced with the management of a controversial marker.

Memorial markers (statues, street names, monuments, commemorations, etc.) are everywhere in Brussels, and reflect the ideological and political values of their time. Their acceptance – which has naturally evolved over time – has often led to protests. Today, these protests focus mainly on the colonialist, racist or sexist representations conveyed by these markers in the public space. This synopsis presents the main features of the memorial landscape in Brussels since 1830 and proposes a typology of intervention strategies in the face of controversial markers, according to two main lines: the place of intervention and the visibility given to the protest. Based on an analysis of interviews, focus groups, seminars and the press, this typology identifies six strategies, ranging from maintaining the status quo to the removal of the marker. The analysis of each is illustrated by examples and arguments drawn from the body of information regarding Brussels. The study is aimed both at researchers in the field of memorial studies and political decision-makers faced with the management of a controversial marker.

Memorial markers (statues, street names, monuments, commemorations, etc.) are everywhere in Brussels, and reflect the ideological and political values of their time. Their acceptance – which has naturally evolved over time – has often led to protests. Today, these protests focus mainly on the colonialist, racist or sexist representations conveyed by these markers in the public space. This synopsis presents the main features of the memorial landscape in Brussels since 1830 and proposes a typology of intervention strategies in the face of controversial markers, according to two main lines: the place of intervention and the visibility given to the protest. Based on an analysis of interviews, focus groups, seminars and the press, this typology identifies six strategies, ranging from maintaining the status quo to the removal of the marker. The analysis of each is illustrated by examples and arguments drawn from the body of information regarding Brussels. The study is aimed both at researchers in the field of memorial studies and political decision-makers faced with the management of a controversial marker.

In a context marked by growing inequalities and sustainable development challenges, Moroccan cooperatives represent an opportunity to reconcile economic objectives with social issues. Rooted in principles of solidarity and democratic participation, these entities play a significant role in promoting decent work in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the determinants of decent work within Moroccan cooperatives in order to propose ways of improving working conditions and worker well-being. A survey of 394 Moroccan cooperatives and a data analysis using RCM regressions were used to assess the influence of employees' socio-professional characteristics, the organizational specificities of cooperatives, and public action on decent work. The results indicate that factors such as youth, employee level of education, the gender of employees and managers, financial performance, and the quality of cooperative governance are decisive factors in the quality of decent work. Public action, in particular government support combining financial and technical measures, is identified to have a positive impact on working conditions. This research highlights the importance for public policy of supporting education and vocational training, promoting gender equality, improving cooperative management, and effectively structuring government support to maximize its positive impact on decent work. These findings offer concrete avenues for policymakers and cooperative managers to improve worker well-being and contribute to the SDGs. By addressing the challenges identified and implementing targeted strategies, it is possible to move toward more inclusive economic growth and decent work for all within the Moroccan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how drawing up and managing sustainable planning projects in a rural context may reconfigure relations between citizens and public stakeholders, looking at the case of Volonne (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). Picking up on the participatory dynamic initiated when the town centre ÉcoQuartier was created, grounded in measures to promote consultation, dialogue, and co-construction, Volonne saw an active and multifaceted citizenship dynamic emerge, analysed here. We consider rural municipalities’ capacity to support and embed citizen initiatives in such approaches seeking to transform the built environment and to develop a “sense of community” in rural areas. Our research brings out the diversity of citizen initiatives and how they help improve the living environment, as well as underscoring the need to modify traditional frameworks of public action. Getting public actors and citizens to work together requires adjustments and connections—some yet to be devised—to respond to coordination difficulties and the risk that initiatives be scaled back to a small group of participants.

The Covid-19 crisis has had a deep impact on the way we work. For a few months, a large part of the Belgian population tried full-time teleworking, often for the first time. Seen initially as a way of limiting contact, teleworking has gradually taken root, becoming more common where it was already practised and extending to new positions and sectors not previously concerned. With this widespread implementation, major societal impacts are to be expected, particularly in Brussels, where teleworking is most widespread. It is important to anticipate them, to prepare for them and to adapt to them as best as possible. This article is part of a project to assess the social security debt associated with the widespread implementation of teleworking in Brussels by 2050. More specifically, based on recent literature and data, this article analyses the potential impact of teleworking in Brussels on well-being, the economy, employment, property, mobility and public finances.

The Covid-19 crisis has had a deep impact on the way we work. For a few months, a large part of the Belgian population tried full-time teleworking, often for the first time. Seen initially as a way of limiting contact, teleworking has gradually taken root, becoming more common where it was already practised and extending to new positions and sectors not previously concerned. With this widespread implementation, major societal impacts are to be expected, particularly in Brussels, where teleworking is most widespread. It is important to anticipate them, to prepare for them and to adapt to them as best as possible. This article is part of a project to assess the social security debt associated with the widespread implementation of teleworking in Brussels by 2050. More specifically, based on recent literature and data, this article analyses the potential impact of teleworking in Brussels on well-being, the economy, employment, property, mobility and public finances.

The Covid-19 crisis has had a deep impact on the way we work. For a few months, a large part of the Belgian population tried full-time teleworking, often for the first time. Seen initially as a way of limiting contact, teleworking has gradually taken root, becoming more common where it was already practised and extending to new positions and sectors not previously concerned. With this widespread implementation, major societal impacts are to be expected, particularly in Brussels, where teleworking is most widespread. It is important to anticipate them, to prepare for them and to adapt to them as best as possible. This article is part of a project to assess the social security debt associated with the widespread implementation of teleworking in Brussels by 2050. More specifically, based on recent literature and data, this article analyses the potential impact of teleworking in Brussels on well-being, the economy, employment, property, mobility and public finances.

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Citizens play an increasingly important role in the provision of local health services in Western welfare states. Citizen practices have become essential complements to health actions, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods of large cities where practices carried out by citizens have experienced significant influence, particularly since the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on a cross-reading of some of our research in Quebec and Brazil, this article proposes to empirically examine how citizen practices, the practices of local stakeholders and their arrangements can be vectors of transformation by acting on social inequalities. Today more than ever, citizen practices in local health, like the people who implement them, are precarious and little recognized. In short, these experiences invite us to question more about citizen practices as a work activity, that is to say, to be interested in their conditions of emergence, their deployments, the dynamics that occur there and their potential for transforming established inequalities.

In Belgium, having a home address allows access to fundamental rights through registration in the national register. The national register centralises all of the data collected by the municipalities. Administrative invisibilisation therefore has a direct impact on the take-up of social rights. It has three distinct origins: failure to register, deregistration and removal of persons from the national register. Based on an analysis of national register data, this article looks at the phenomenon of "administrative invisibilisation", i.e. the voluntary or involuntary disappearance or removal from administrative registers. The article begins with an anthropological analysis of administrative practices with respect to people's home addresses, followed by a quantification and spatialisation of the phenomenon of administrative invisibilisation. Finally, a sociological survey of victims of administrative invisibilisation sheds light on their pathways to exclusion.

In Belgium, having a home address allows access to fundamental rights through registration in the national register. The national register centralises all of the data collected by the municipalities. Administrative invisibilisation therefore has a direct impact on the take-up of social rights. It has three distinct origins: failure to register, deregistration and removal of persons from the national register. Based on an analysis of national register data, this article looks at the phenomenon of "administrative invisibilisation", i.e. the voluntary or involuntary disappearance or removal from administrative registers. The article begins with an anthropological analysis of administrative practices with respect to people's home addresses, followed by a quantification and spatialisation of the phenomenon of administrative invisibilisation. Finally, a sociological survey of victims of administrative invisibilisation sheds light on their pathways to exclusion.

In Belgium, having a home address allows access to fundamental rights through registration in the national register. The national register centralises all of the data collected by the municipalities. Administrative invisibilisation therefore has a direct impact on the take-up of social rights. It has three distinct origins: failure to register, deregistration and removal of persons from the national register. Based on an analysis of national register data, this article looks at the phenomenon of “administrative invisibilisation”, i.e. the voluntary or involuntary disappearance or removal from administrative registers. The article begins with an anthropological analysis of administrative practices with respect to people's home addresses, followed by a quantification and spatialisation of the phenomenon of administrative invisibilisation. Finally, a sociological survey of victims of administrative invisibilisation sheds light on their pathways to exclusion.

The implementation of the “Housing First” project in several countries, such as France and Canada, has shown that allowing the homeless to obtain housing in order to reintegrate them into society can sometimes cost the state less than leaving them on the streets. Despite a political will in Belgium and Europe to prevent and end homelessness, no study has been carried out in French-speaking Belgium regarding its cost to society, making it impossible to assess the policies in place and any necessary changes. The aim of the study summarised in this article was to assess the cost of homelessness in the Brussels-Capital Region, taking into account both direct and indirect costs, which were then compared to the costs associated with rehousing the homeless.

The implementation of the “Housing First” project in several countries, such as France and Canada, has shown that allowing the homeless to obtain housing in order to reintegrate them into society can sometimes cost the state less than leaving them on the streets. Despite a political will in Belgium and Europe to prevent and end homelessness, no study has been carried out in French-speaking Belgium regarding its cost to society, making it impossible to assess the policies in place and any necessary changes. The aim of the study summarised in this article was to assess the cost of homelessness in the Brussels-Capital Region, taking into account both direct and indirect costs, which were then compared to the costs associated with rehousing the homeless.

The implementation of the “Housing First” project in several countries, such as France and Canada, has shown that allowing the homeless to obtain housing in order to reintegrate them into society can sometimes cost the state less than leaving them on the streets. Despite a political will in Belgium and Europe to prevent and end homelessness, no study has been carried out in French-speaking Belgium regarding its cost to society, making it impossible to assess the policies in place and any necessary changes. The aim of the study summarised in this article was to assess the cost of homelessness in the Brussels-Capital Region, taking into account both direct and indirect costs, which were then compared to the costs associated with rehousing the homeless.

Public policies and action in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa raise questions about their legitimacy and effectiveness. These questions are generally analyzed through the prism of governance and the quality of the administrative apparatus, as well as their impact on the populations concerned. In the field of theatre in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, and more particularly in a bilingual country such as Cameroon (French and English are the two official languages), there is an imbalance between state funding measures and the importance of foreign subsidies. This situation has harmful consequences for the development of theatrical activity and the economic situation of artists. This study aims to examine how this funding policy is structured in a context of crisis with regard to public funding of the arts, and to analyze the relationship between these funding bodies and Cameroon. It sets out the scope of this collaboration with the northern countries and cooperation bodies such as la Francophonie, UNESCO, the World Bank, the International Commission for French-Speaking Theatre (CITF), European Union, European Commission, the French and Goethe Institutes as well as embassies, both for the French-speaking African countries (including Cameroon) and for artists, the main stakeholders involved in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many plant diseases and pests cannot be controlled on-farm as they spread from one field or region to another. This opens up a series of interconnected social, political, and economic questions besides the common technical questions about the spread, impact and management of the disease or pest. A new genotype of the soil-born fungus Fusarium, called Tropical Race 4, is extremely virulent, widely destroying banana crops destined for domestic and international markets, and spreading rapidly in Southeast Asia and recently to other countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. It threatens both staple food production and the export of bananas. The international research and policy-making communities on bananas have been alarmed and are calling for concerted action to control this disease. This paper supports the idea that Fusarium wilt control has to be regarded as a public good but also finds that the public good is being conceptualized in divergent ways. It raises the question as to what gaps exist in the current understanding of providing that public good. The paper identifies a set of key problems, including the problem of anticipation by governments, a neglect of histories of political economic oppositions in the banana sector, the strictures of sovereignty-thinking in multilateral responses, and the aversion that neo-liberal models of governance develop to the public good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context marked by growing inequalities and sustainable development challenges, Moroccan cooperatives represent an opportunity to reconcile economic objectives with social issues. Rooted in principles of solidarity and democratic participation, these entities play a significant role in promoting decent work in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the determinants of decent work within Moroccan cooperatives in order to propose ways of improving working conditions and worker well-being. A survey of 394 Moroccan cooperatives and a data analysis using RCM regressions were used to assess the influence of employees’ socio-professional characteristics, the organizational specificities of cooperatives, and public action on decent work. The results indicate that factors such as youth, employee level of education, the gender of employees and managers, financial performance, and the quality of cooperative governance are decisive factors in the quality of decent work. Public action, in particular government support combining financial and technical measures, is identified to have a positive impact on working conditions. This research highlights the importance for public policy of supporting education and vocational training, promoting gender equality, improving cooperative management, and effectively structuring government support to maximize its positive impact on decent work. These findings offer concrete avenues for policymakers and cooperative managers to improve worker well-being and contribute to the SDGs. By addressing the challenges identified and implementing targeted strategies, it is possible to move toward more inclusive economic growth and decent work for all within the Moroccan context.

Les politiques et l’action publiques en Afrique subsaharienne francophone soulèvent des questions quant à leur légitimité et leur efficacité. Ces questions sont généralement analysées à travers le prisme de la gouvernance et de la qualité de l’appareil administratif, ainsi que de leur impact sur les populations concernées. Dans le domaine du théâtre en Afrique subsaharienne francophone, et plus particulièrement au Cameroun, pays bilingue (le français et l’anglais sont les deux langues officielles), on observe un déséquilibre entre les mesures de financement étatiques et l’importance des subventions étrangères. Cette situation entraîne des conséquences néfastes sur le développement de l’activité théâtrale et la situation économique des artistes. Cette étude vise à examiner comment se structure cette politique de financement dans un contexte de crise du financement public des arts, et à analyser les relations entre ces organismes de financement et le Cameroun. Elle expose la portée de cette collaboration avec les pays du Nord et les organismes de coopération tels que la francophonie, l’UNESCO, la Banque mondiale, la Commission internationale pour le théâtre francophone (CITF), GIZ, l’Union européenne, la Commission européenne, les Instituts français et Goethe ainsi que les ambassades, tant pour les pays d’Afrique francophone (dont le Cameroun) que pour les artistes, principaux intervenants engagés dans cette question.

The development of the blue economy in Togo inevitably involves mastering knowledge of the maritime sector. However, we note that the mobilization of knowledge in this area is characterized by enormous challenges in terms of research and research infrastructures. This research, by combining documentary analysis and in-depth individual interviews with 65 resource people involved in State action at sea, aims to highlight the contribution of maritime research and research infrastructures in the promotion of the blue economy in Togo. The results of the study indicate that the country has a deficit in scientific knowledge and in terms of research infrastructures in the maritime, which would be sector capable of guiding public action in the formulation of decisions.

It is difficult to continue to separate anthropological conceptions of the individual (responsible, capable, autonomous, fragile, vulnerable…) and the evolution of the State, law and public services. In such a context, and in the face of questions about what the State is and what it does today, the human sciences are rich thanks to the sociological work and concepts of Jean-Louis Genard. This contribution traces the path taken by Jean-Louis Genard’s sociology on the joint mutations of the state, rights, power, capacity, the individual and administration. It begins by examining the current reconfigurations of public action (management, participation, expertise, etc.), in close connection with an examination of anthropological forms (responsibility, capacity, autonomy, etc.). Secondly, we describe the main lines of the book entitled Pouvoir et ne pas pouvoir (IES, coll. “Le geste social”), written with Jean-Louis Genard before his death, whose aim is to enrich classical conceptions of power and the state. This contribution can be read as a gesture to be extended, a call to be passed on, an invitation to continue research on the State, based on a decompartmentalized approach and a spirit of critical dialogue and free examination.

We explore the tensions that exist between geographical accessibility and urban liveability in Brussels, by examining the case of the Bois de la Cambre, as a place of leisure as well as transiting. First, we study the park’s 150 years of history. Second, we present an explorative survey into citizens’ preferences for the park’s set-up in relation to the presence of motorized traffic. The research reveals a strong relation between the preferred set-up and the personal way of life. Through history, the set-up of the park has reflected broader societal changes in the way people organized their life, more than it reflected an explicit urban project. Today, the priority different social groups express for the setup of the park, reflects their residential location, mode of transport, and use of and access to green spaces. In this context, the study stresses the need to work as much on the construction of concrete mobility alternatives than on the construction of new urban and mobility imaginaries.

We explore the tensions that exist between geographical accessibility and urban liveability in Brussels, by examining the case of the Bois de la Cambre, as a place of leisure as well as transiting. First, we study the park’s 150 years of history. Second, we present an explorative survey into citizens’ preferences for the park’s set-up in relation to the presence of motorized traffic. The research reveals a strong relation between the preferred set-up and the personal way of life. Through history, the set-up of the park has reflected broader societal changes in the way people organized their life, more than it reflected an explicit urban project. Today, the priority different social groups express for the setup of the park, reflects their residential location, mode of transport, and use of and access to green spaces. In this context, the study stresses the need to work as much on the construction of concrete mobility alternatives than on the construction of new urban and mobility imaginaries.

We explore the tensions that exist between geographical accessibility and urban liveability in Brussels, by examining the case of the Bois de la Cambre, as a place of leisure as well as transiting. First, we study the park’s 150 years of history. Second, we present an explorative survey into citizens’ preferences for the park’s set-up in relation to the presence of motorized traffic. The research reveals a strong relation between the preferred set-up and the personal way of life. Through history, the set-up of the park has reflected broader societal changes in the way people organized their life, more than it reflected an explicit urban project. Today, the priority different social groups express for the setup of the park, reflects their residential location, mode of transport, and use of and access to green spaces. In this context, the study stresses the need to work as much on the construction of concrete mobility alternatives than on the construction of new urban and mobility imaginaries.

Initiated by the Agence Française de Développement since 2018 in Ouagadouogou, Dakar, Abidjan and Tunisia, the "urban incubators" project is inspired by tactical urbanism, promoting transitional and collaborative developments, with rapid and low-cost interventions that complement AFD's usual projects. This article proposes to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of these projects and to analyze the socio-spatial transformations and possible changes in the forms of public action. The article highlights the success of certain initiatives, the involvement of various actors, and the partial improvement of living conditions in certain neighborhoods. But it also looks at the limits of this type of urban planning in the Global South, where micro-projects are considered too short-lived.

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annuals of the Administration & Law / Roczniki Administracji i Prawa is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article utilizes historical sociology of public action to analyse public unrest that erupted in several Southern Italian cities at the end of March 2020. Specifically, the study delves into the concepts of reflexivity and proximity within public action. It employs a multifocal methodology, drawing from various research fields, to explore how knowledge is constructed within democratic public action. The analysis aims to shed light on the social mechanisms that perpetuate and obscure social inequalities. Additionally, it examines the role legal regulations governing economic life can play in fostering a democratic social contract between citizens and the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of repeated floods in the city of Niamey and the strategies developed by the state in terms of prevention, rehabilitation, and care for victims. Although numerous framework documents have been drafted in the last decade and urbanization in flood zones has been limited, the reality in Niamey shows that urban sprawl is increasing along the riverbank and the population facing vulnerable situations is growing. The inefficiency of state action determines that, on the one hand, it is non-governmental institutions that need to develop improvement plans—with the recovery of the city being dependent on the arrival of their funds and their distribution in those areas that donor countries consider most suitable—and on the other hand, it is the citizens—already vulnerable—who must find their own resilience mechanisms to try to survive the next flood. This study reveals that this diversity of players is involved in flood management through emergency relief, solidarity in rehousing, and providing support for living and non-living flood victims. Despite this mobilization, the actions undertaken are hampered by a number of constraints. Insufficient financial and human resources, a lack of foresight on the part of the authorities, and poorly coordinated actions are the main difficulties limiting the success of public action in the face of flooding. Through a qualitative approach, combining documentary research, direct observation and semi-structured interviews, we analyze the mobilization of actors around the management of the effects of floods in Niamey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water framework order imposes a true cost of water, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. In practice, water consumers in Brussels – both domestic and non-domestic – are the main source of financing for flood control and the collection and treatment of water in the Brussels combined sewer system. However, approximately half of the wastewater is rainwater and extraneous clear water which is not related to water consumption. Consumers should not have to pay for the costs generated by this, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. We estimate that consumers are charged unfairly for 20 % of their water bills. Our research looks into how these amounts could be financed in other ways.

The water framework order imposes a true cost of water, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. In practice, water consumers in Brussels – both domestic and non-domestic – are the main source of financing for flood control and the collection and treatment of water in the Brussels combined sewer system. However, approximately half of the wastewater is rainwater and extraneous clear water which is not related to water consumption. Consumers should not have to pay for the costs generated by this, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. We estimate that consumers are charged unfairly for 20 % of their water bills. Our research looks into how these amounts could be financed in other ways.

The water framework order imposes a true cost of water, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. In practice, water consumers in Brussels – both domestic and non-domestic – are the main source of financing for flood control and the collection and treatment of water in the Brussels combined sewer system. However, approximately half of the wastewater is rainwater and extraneous clear water which is not related to water consumption. Consumers should not have to pay for the costs generated by this, in line with the “polluter pays” principle. We estimate that consumers are charged unfairly for 20 % of their water bills. Our research looks into how these amounts could be financed in other ways.

What does it mean to instrument the work of those responsible for and contributing to an ecological transition plan in a major metropolitan area? Our article presents the results of ergonomic research with the initial objective of designing a tool with which to coordinate a Territorial Climate-Air-Energy Plan (PCAET). 20 stakeholders from a French public inter-municipal cooperation body (EPCI) and 5 metropolitan and regional stakeholders from outside the EPCI were consulted between 2021 and 2022 (interviews, role-playing, observations, workshops). Our results reveal 5 classes of interdependent activities with major implications for the design of human-machine interaction and the understanding of this work activity: design, communicate, research, analyze and monitor. These results led us to discuss the consequences for the design of the tool, the differences between an instrument for public action and a work activity instrument, and the similarities and differences between this work activity (oriented towards public action) and the notions of political work, territorialization work and intermediation work. Paying special attention to work activity oriented towards public action on ecological issues is certainly an important way of helping to identify, reformulate and effectively achieve the crucial objectives of the coming years.

What does it mean to instrument the work of those responsible for and contributing to an ecological transition plan in a major metropolitan area? Our article presents the results of ergonomic research with the initial objective of designing a tool with which to coordinate a Territorial Climate-Air-Energy Plan (PCAET). 20 stakeholders from a French public intermunicipal cooperation body (EPCI) and 5 metropolitan and regional stakeholders from outside the EPCI were consulted between 2021 and 2022 (interviews, role-playing, observations, workshops). Our results reveal 5 classes of interdependent activities with major implications for the design of human-machine interaction and the understanding of this work activity: design, communicate, research, analyze and monitor. These results led us to discuss the consequences for the design of the tool, the differences between an instrument for public action and a work activity instrument, and the similarities and differences between this work activity (oriented towards public action) and the notions of political work, territorialization work and intermediation work. Paying special attention to work activity oriented towards public action on ecological issues is certainly an important way of helping to identify, reformulate and effectively achieve the crucial objectives of the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study offers a new perspective on the relationship between social innovation and public governance. It drew inspiration from pragmatism, emphasizing the importance of public inquiry and democratic experimentalism. The perspective was applied and validated through a series of studies conducted within the framework of the Observatory of Social Innovation in Florianópolis, Brazil, since 2017. The study presented and discussed the findings and insights gained from observing the emergence and spread (or lack thereof) of social innovations in the city’s public arenas. It revisited the debate on public governance to establish a framework for the study of public action. It then identified gaps and improvements in the literature linking public governance and social innovation. Based on these previous discussions, the article proposes an approach to pragmatist ethnography of public arenas validated by empirical studies in Florianópolis. The results provide insights into how societal-state relations and modes of governance can facilitate or impede social innovation and the promotion of more democratic and sustainable cities. The study contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between social innovation and public governance, and its implications for the development of more inclusive and sustainable cities.

This article is based on empirical material consisting of focus groups conducted with professionals involved in the evaluation of municipal prevention services as well as with Brussels citizens, and looks at some of the issues regarding citizen participation in the evaluation of security and prevention policies in the Brussels Region. On the one hand, the very nature of these policies raises ethical questions which call for procedural guarantees in keeping with the wishes of professional stakeholders. On the other hand, the absence of certain profiles of the population within the Brussels participatory mechanisms raises questions among professional stakeholders and leads to the formulation of ways to move towards more inclusive processes – both by the evaluators and by the citizens interviewed. Finally, the production of new knowledge through citizen participation is also at the heart of the issues identified.

This article is based on empirical material consisting of focus groups conducted with professionals involved in the evaluation of municipal prevention services as well as with Brussels citizens, and looks at some of the issues regarding citizen participation in the evaluation of security and prevention policies in the Brussels Region. On the one hand, the very nature of these policies raises ethical questions which call for procedural guarantees in keeping with the wishes of professional stakeholders. On the other hand, the absence of certain profiles of the population within the Brussels participatory mechanisms raises questions among professional stakeholders and leads to the formulation of ways to move towards more inclusive processes – both by the evaluators and by the citizens interviewed. Finally, the production of new knowledge through citizen participation is also at the heart of the issues identified.

This article is based on empirical material consisting of focus groups conducted with professionals involved in the evaluation of municipal prevention services as well as with Brussels citizens, and looks at some of the issues regarding citizen participation in the evaluation of security and prevention policies in the Brussels Region. On the one hand, the very nature of these policies raises ethical questions which call for procedural guarantees in keeping with the wishes of professional stakeholders. On the other hand, the absence of certain profiles of the population within the Brussels participatory mechanisms raises questions among professional stakeholders and leads to the formulation of ways to move towards more inclusive processes – both by the evaluators and by the citizens interviewed. Finally, the production of new knowledge through citizen participation is also at the heart of the issues identified.

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