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6 results on '"Psychostimulation"'

1. Conessine, an H3 receptor antagonist, alters behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol in mice.

Author

Morais-Silva, Gessynger, Ferreira-Santos, Mariane, and Marin, Marcelo T.

Subjects
*NEUROCHEMISTRY, *ETHANOL, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of alcohol, *NEUROTRANSMITTERS, *LABORATORY mice, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of alkaloids, *HISTAMINE receptors, *PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Ethanol abuse potential is mainly due to its reinforcing properties, crucial in the transition from the recreational to pathological use. These properties are mediated by mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways and neuroadaptations in these pathways seem to be responsible for addiction. Both pathways are modulated by other neurotransmitters systems, including neuronal histaminergic system. Among the histamine receptors, H 3 receptor stands out due to its role in modulation of histamine and other neurotransmitters release. Thus, histaminergic system, through H 3 receptors, may have an important role in ethanol addiction development. Aiming to understand these interactions, conessine, an H 3 receptor antagonist, was given to mice subjected to the evaluation of ethanol-induced psychostimulation, ethanol CPP and quantification of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways following acute ethanol treatment. Systemic conessine administration exacerbated ethanol effects on locomotor activity. Despite of conessine reinforcing effect on CPP, this drug did not alter acquisition of ethanol CPP. Ethanol treatment affects the serotoninergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area, the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and caudate-putamen nucleus (CPu) and the noradrenergic neurotransmission in the CPu. In the PFC, conessine blocked ethanol effects on dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. The blockade of H 3 receptors and ethanol seem to interact in the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission of nigrostriatal pathway, decreasing dopamine metabolites in substantia nigra. In conclusion, conessine was able to change psychostimulant effect of ethanol, without altering its reinforcing properties. This exacerbation of ethanol-induced psychostimulation would be related to alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nigrostriatal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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2. What Knock-Out Animals Tell Us About the Effects of Caffeine.

Author

Jiang-Fan Chen, Liqun Yu, Hai-Ying Shen, Jin-Cai He, Xiaotong Wang, and Rongyuan Zheng

Subjects
*PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of caffeine, *PHARMACOLOGY, *ADENOSINES, *BRAIN, *GENE expression
Abstract

Caffeine is well known for its complex pharmacological actions, in part reflecting the multiple molecular targets of caffeine. The adenosine receptors are the primary extracellular targets of caffeine. Since caffeine has similar affinity for several adenosine receptors, it has been difficult to determine which receptor subtypes mediate caffeine's effects using pharmacological tools. The development of genetic mutant mice deficient in adenosine receptors and other signaling molecules has allowed targeted inquiry into the molecular targets by which caffeine elicits its biological effects on behavior and gene expression. This review summarizes recent work using genetic knockout models to elucidate the mechanisms of caffeine action in the brain. This review focuses on insights into caffeine action from genetic knockout models on: (1) the molecular basis for caffeine's effects on psychomotor activity; (2) the involvement of adenosine receptors in caffeine-mediated arousal and cognitive effects; and (3) a novel approach using knockout animals coupled with microarray profiling to validate multiple molecular targets of caffeine in striatal gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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3. Practica IV: La psicoestimulación como agente favorecedor en las habilidades de procesamiento de las personas mayores femeninas del ASILO HOGAR NAZARETH relacionado con el desempeño en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria

Author

Toscano Gonzalez, Angie Lorena., Celis, Omaira-Yenny, and Contreras Rangel, Jael.

Subjects
Processing skills, Psychostimulation, Leisure and free time, Técnicas proyectivas, Ocio y tiempo libre, Comunicación e interacción, Habilidades de procesamiento, Psicoestimulacion, Communication and interaction, Projective techniques
Abstract

277 p., The purpose of the present work was to develop and execute the therapeutic programs with the Geriatric population of the Home of Mother Teresa Nazareth of Calcutta during 18 weeks starting from the academic year A-2019, which consisted in making an initial assessment, an intervention, a final evaluation and results for each program, having as objectives the skills of processing through psycho stimulation, favoring self-care performance and the maintenance of communication and communication skills through expressive-projective techniques, favoring exploration and participation in leisure and Leisure., El propósito del presente trabajo, fue desarrollar y ejecutar dos programas Terapéuticos con la población Geriátrica del Hogar de Nazareth Madre Teresa de Calcuta durante 18 semanas del periodo académico A-2019, los cuales consistieron en realizar una valoración inicial, una intervención, una evaluación final y unos resultados por cada programa, teniendo como objetivos mmantener las habilidades de procesamiento mediante la psico estimulación favoreciendo el desempeño en autocuidado y conservar las habilidades de comunicación e interacción mediante técnicas expresivo-proyectivas, favoreciendo la exploración y participación en ocio y tiempo libre., Pregrado, Terapeuta Ocupacional, INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................... 20 1. MARCO INSTITUCIONAL........................................................................................... 23 1.1 IDENTIFICACION DE LA INSTITUCION. ........................................................................... 23 1.2. RESEÑA HISTÓRICA ........................................................................................................... 23 1.3. POLÍTICAS DE LA INSTITUCIÓN ....................................................................................... 24 1.4. OBJETIVOS INSTITUCIONALES. ...................................................................................... 24 1.5. PROGRAMAS Y SERVICIOS INSTITUCIONALES. ........................................................ 25 1.6. ÁREA DE INTERVENCIÓN .................................................................................................. 25 1.7. FUNDAMENTOS LEGALES................................................................................................ 26 1.8 ORGANIGRAMA ..................................................................................................................... 31 2. DIAGNOSTICO SITUACIONAL ................................................................................. 32 3. PERSPECTIVA PROFESIONAL ............................................................................... 39 4. PROYECCIÓN SOCIAL .............................................................................................. 41 5. PROGRMAS DE INTERVENCION ............................................................................ 43 5.1. TITULO DEL PRIMER PROGRAMA ................................................................................... 43 5.1.1. Justificación. ......................................................................................................... 43 5.1.2. Objetivos.. ............................................................................................................ 44 5.1.3. marco teórico ....................................................................................................... 45 5.1.4. metodología. ........................................................................................................ 50 5.1.5. plan de acción: ..................................................................................................... 54 5.1.6. Análisis e interpretación de resultados de la valoracion del primer programa. ..... 135 5.1.7. Análisis e interpretación de la valoración final del primer programa ..................... 151 5.1.8. Cuadro analítico comparativo de la valoracion inicial y final de los intrumentos Indice de Barthel y AMPS ........................................................................................................ 168 5.1.9. Conclusiones ....................................................................................................... 171 5.1.10. Recomendaciones. ............................................................................................ 172 5.2. TITULO DEL SEGUNDO PROGRAMA ............................................................................ 173 5.2.1. Justificación. ........................................................................................................ 173 5.2.2. Objetivos.. .......................................................................................................... 174 12 5.2.3. Marco Teórico .................................................................................................... 174 5.2.4. Metodología. ...................................................................................................... 179 5.2.5. Plan de Acción ................................................................................................... 182 5.2.6. Análisis e interpretación de resultados del segundo programa. ............................ 242 5.2.7. Análisis e interpretación de la valoración final del segundo programa. ................. 252 5.2.8. Cuadro analítico comparativo de la valoracion inicial y final de los intrumentos listado de interes y ACIS. ............................................................................................... 262 5.2.9. Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 265 5.2.10. Recomendaciones .............................................................................................. 266 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................... 267, Ej. 1

Published
2019

4. Methylphenidate and serum prolactin in man.

Author

Janowsky, David, Leichner, Pierre, Parker, Donal, Judd, Lewis, Huey, Leighton, and Clopton, Paul

Abstract

Methylphenidate induces psychostimulation and increases cardiovascular parameters, and its psychostimulant effects have been proposed to occur via a dopaminergic mechanism. The effect of methylphenidate on serum prolactin was utilized as a method of evaluating methylphenidate's central dopaminergic effects. Methylphenidate was not found to exhibit a consistent effect on serum prolactin. Thus, its effect on serum prolactin does not parallel its behavioral activating properties, suggesting that such activation may not involve dopamine. Possibly, norepinephrine or other noncatecholaminergic neurotransmitters are involved in methylphenidate-induced behavioral activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1978
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5. Conessine, an H3 receptor antagonist, alters behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol in mice

Author

Mariane Ferreira-Santos, Gessynger Morais-Silva, Marcelo Tadeu Marin, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Monoamines, Male, Alcohol addiction, Nigrostriatal pathway, Pharmacology, Neurotransmission, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Alkaloids, Dopamine, medicine, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Analysis of Variance, Neurotransmitter Agents, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol, Conessine, Dopaminergic, Brain, Central Nervous System Depressants, Homovanillic Acid, Conditioned place preference, Ventral tegmental area, Psychostimulation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, H3 receptor antagonist, chemistry, Dopaminergic pathways, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Conditioning, Operant, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Locomotion, medicine.drug, Histamine H3 Antagonists
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:41:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-05-15 Ethanol abuse potential is mainly due to its reinforcing properties, crucial in the transition from the recreational to pathological use. These properties are mediated by mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways and neuroadaptations in these pathways seem to be responsible for addiction. Both pathways are modulated by other neurotransmitters systems, including neuronal histaminergic system. Among the histamine receptors, H3 receptor stands out due to its role in modulation of histamine and other neurotransmitters release. Thus, histaminergic system, through H3 receptors, may have an important role in ethanol addiction development. Aiming to understand these interactions, conessine, an H3 receptor antagonist, was given to mice subjected to the evaluation of ethanol-induced psychostimulation, ethanol CPP and quantification of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways following acute ethanol treatment. Systemic conessine administration exacerbated ethanol effects on locomotor activity. Despite of conessine reinforcing effect on CPP, this drug did not alter acquisition of ethanol CPP. Ethanol treatment affects the serotoninergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area, the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and caudate-putamen nucleus (CPu) and the noradrenergic neurotransmission in the CPu. In the PFC, conessine blocked ethanol effects on dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. The blockade of H3 receptors and ethanol seem to interact in the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission of nigrostriatal pathway, decreasing dopamine metabolites in substantia nigra. In conclusion, conessine was able to change psychostimulant effect of ethanol, without altering its reinforcing properties. This exacerbation of ethanol-induced psychostimulation would be related to alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nigrostriatal pathway. Laboratory of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) Laboratory of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP

Published
2015

6. Behavioral characterization of substituted amphetamines and their synthetic cathinone analogues in the rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)

Author

Gore, Sayali, Gore

Subjects
Biology, Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Psychology, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, Addiction, Psychostimulation, Sensitization, Invertebrate reward, locomotor effects, Conditioned place preference, withdrawal, unconditioned behaviors
Abstract

The functional and evolutionary conservation of neural circuits of reward is an essential component of survival. Drugs of abuse are known to “hijack” natural reward systems to produce their euphoric and reinforcing effects. Recently, synthetic cathinones have gained popularity among the drug users due to low cost, potency and widespread availability resulting from unclear legal regulatory status. Sharing a chemical structure with amphetamines, synthetic cathinones are likely to pose a significant public health threat. Even though synthetic cathinones have been in use for over a decade, the neuropharmacology, behavioral and physiological effects still remain obscure. This gap in knowledge needs to be urgently addressed in order to understand the basic pharmacological effects, development of treatment/therapy against synthetic cathinone addiction and to define a consistent legal framework to assure regulatory control. Due to the ease of experimental manipulations, modularly organized nervous system, absence of blood-brain barrier and well-characterized behavioral paradigms for drug addiction-like behaviors, crayfish continues to be an ideal model to study the addictive potential of any drug. With highly stereotyped behaviors, and a modularly organized nervous system, crustaceans offer productive research models to study proximate mechanisms of a wide range of behavioral phenomena. The current project has harnessed the advantages of this model system to investigate the behavioral effects of synthetic cathinone in comparison to known stimulants: 4-methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) vs. mephedrone and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) vs. methylone. We explored the unconditioned behavioral effects, locomotor activity, sensitization of locomotor response, reward potential and termination effects of the above mentioned drugs at doses of 1, 3, and 10 µg/g. Our results show that all the drugs generate significant locomotor effects in crayfish. When crayfish were exposed to these drugs for the first time, increase in locomotion was seen over a brief period of time which faded eventually over the course of trial. Our study indicates that apart from already known exploratory behaviors, unique unconditioned behaviors such as claw waving and circling are observed following drug injections. Typically, these drugs were able to produce psychostimulation at lower doses (1 µg/g) where as depression of locomotion was seen at higher doses (10 µg/g). Initial exposure of these drugs increased locomotion during the infusion itself while repeated drug injections produced psychostimulation that lasted for longer durations. Using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, we demonstrated that crayfish seek out a particular tactile environment that had previously been paired with the drug. All the drugs at 10 µg/g show preference for the substrate which was paired with the drug. Furthermore, the preference for drug-paired environment persists even after the extinction pairing sessions (when the initially drug-paired compartment was paired with saline). We also investigated the termination effects of the drug to pinpoint withdrawal like behaviors. Termination of drug resulted in production of withdrawal-like behaviors and significant differences in locomotion. This study demonstrates that crayfish offer a comparative and complementary approach in addiction research. The current study contributes an evolutionary context to our understanding of a key component in learning and of natural reward as an important life-sustaining process.

Published
2017

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