317 results on '"Pseudociencia"'
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2. Análisis crítico de la teoría de la sistematicidad desde una perspectiva coherentista
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Leandro Giri
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teoría de la sistematicidad ,dinámica científica ,pseudociencia ,coherentismo ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
En el presente trabajo analizaremos la teoría de la sistematicidad propuesta por Paul Hoyningen-Huene desde una perspectiva crítica, anclada en el coherentismo, especialmente en la versión de Mario Bunge. La idea central es presentar algunos límites que posee la propuesta de Hoyningen-Huene para dar cuenta de la dinámica del progreso científico y también observar algunas dificultades en su instrumental analítico para demostrar la pseudocientificidad de algunas disciplinas de conocimiento. Se pretende también señalar algunas ideas complementarias que podrían utilizarse a fin de superar tales límites.
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- 2024
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3. ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE LA TEORÍA DE LA SISTEMATICIDAD DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA COHERENTISTA.
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GIRI, LEANDRO
- Abstract
Copyright of Análisis Filosófico is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Analisis Filosofico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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4. Viés Alternativo Para a Compreensão do Mundo? Uma Análise da Percepção de Graduandos em Ciências Biológicas Sobre Pseudociência
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Matheus Lau Damasceno and Luciana Sedano
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negacionismo científico ,pseudociência ,formação inicial de professores ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
A pseudociência é capaz de ludibriar até mesmo os indivíduos mais céticos devido à sua tática de mimetizar os processos das Ciências, desde simular uma metodologia e uma linguagem científica até induzir uma racionalidade. Diante disso, considerando essa artimanha das pseudociências, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de graduandos em Ciências Biológicas sobre as características gerais da pseudociência, visto que esses discentes estão em processo de formação e poderão atuar no combate à frente anticiência. Para alcançar nosso objetivo, foi aplicado um questionário de concordância com uma escala do tipo Likert, e seus resultados foram analisados a partir do Ranking médio das respostas obtidas. Ao total, participaram 56 licenciandos e 32 bacharelandos. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que os discentes não diferenciam negacionismo científico de pseudociência e permanecem em um campo de neutralidade, ao lidar com o critério de falseabilidade para caracterizar as Ciências.
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- 2024
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5. Implicaciones políticas: el problema de la demarcación entre ciencia y pseudociencia
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Katie Rubí Enamorado
- Subjects
demarcación ,ciencia ,pseudociencia ,implicaciones políticas ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
En este artículo se hace un análisis comparativo entre el pensamiento de Karl R. Popper y su discípulo Thomas S. Kuhn, frente a un problema central en la filosofía de la ciencia durante el siglo XX. Tal problema consiste en la demarcación entre ciencia y pseudociencia. Karl Popper estableció un criterio racional y lógico para diferenciar a las teorías científicas de aquellas que no lo son. En cambio, Thomas Kuhn disiente de cualquier intento de demarcación porque distinguir que una o muchas explicaciones sobre el mundo son científicas no solo depende de criterios racionales y lógicos, también de criterios irracionales y relativos. A partir de un estudio histórico sobre el desarrollo de la ciencia natural, Kuhn identificó implicaciones políticas y psico-sociales que intervienen en los grupos que practican la actividad científica. La ciencia no se reduce al conjunto de hechos, métodos y teorías. Así, cualquier intento de establecer un criterio de demarcación entre conocimientos científicos y pseudocientíficos es una tarea complicada de realizar. Esto es debido a que, en la ciencia natural, como en los conocimientos denominados “pseudocientíficos”, también intervienen elementos políticos, sociales, ideológicos, etc., difíciles de determinar. Se concluye que, si se intenta delimitar las características del conocimiento científico, entonces es preciso tomar en cuenta tanto la actividad de investigación interna de los descubrimientos, como el contexto político, social, ideológico..., en que el grupo de científicos está situado y en el que desarrollan sus investigaciones.
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- 2024
6. Esquerdista ou direitista, quem é mais pseudocientífico?
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Rodrigo Schmidt
- Subjects
Pseudociência ,Psicologia ,Política ,Pesquisa Quantitativa ,Academia ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 - Abstract
A Universidade tem como objetivo guardar e preservar o conhecimento, no entanto, mesmo em um ambiente tão intelectualmente elitizado, reina ainda a Pseudociência. Este conceito que gera tanto alarde na mídia contemporânea e é muitas vezes escarneado por pessoas que tem suas crenças classificadas como pseudocientíficas, banalizando assim a Ciência, proporcionando maior aderência desses conceitos e utilização dos mesmos em contextos de saúde ou na academia. Este artigo busca avaliar a permanência deste na concepção de alunos que frequentam o seio deste, a priori, santuário do conhecimento. Para isso utilizaram-se instrumentos que medem a crença em conceitos Pseudocientíficos e suas ramificações, além disso, avaliamos o grupo quanto ao seu posicionamento político e a adoção de correntes psicológicas, sendo a TCC e a Psicanálise, a última diretamente se enquadrando como não cientifica e ainda assim permanecendo na estrutura educacional brasileira.
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- 2024
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7. O discurso pseudocientífico no Painel Coronavírus
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Fernanda Sancho Lopes and Felipe Prando
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desinformação ,pseudociência ,coronavírus ,design ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
Este artigo propõe uma análise sobre o Painel Coronavírus, canal oficial de informações sobre a situação COVID-19 no Brasil, com objetivo de investigar se este refletiu a postura negacionista e pseudocientífica corroborada pelas autoridades entre 2020 e 2022. Foram revisadas as noções de desinformação, negacionismo e pseudociência, além da análise pelo método arqueológico foucaultiano. Concluímos que o Painel apresenta desinformações que tiveram impacto social durante o governo de Jair Bolsonaro.
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- 2024
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8. Reflexiones de un biólogo y un matemático acerca de la idea de la Tierra plana.
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del Monte-Luna, Pablo and Nakamura, Miguel
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SCIENCE denialism , *CRITICAL thinking , *SCIENTIFIC communication , *SCIENTIFIC models , *LOSS of consciousness - Abstract
We critically analyze the idea of a flat Earth and discuss what leads people to believe in it and the convenience of debate it. In a flat Earth, the explanations of day-night and the seasons of the year, are neither falsifiable nor compatible with each other; moreover, since those explanations lack predictive power, the flat Earth is not a valid scientific model. A combination of unconsciousness of their own ignorance, conspiracy mentality and need for belonging, may influence a person to the point of believing that the Earth is flat. For maximizing the outcome on the audiences in favor of evidence-based critical thinking, we suggest that the argumentative flaws of science deniers must be publicly exposed using technical refutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
9. HOMEOPATIA X CIÊNCIAS: O QUE PENSAM PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA.
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de Souza Mol, Gerson, Pereira de Nascimento, Josenaide, Freire Bezzan, Lelia Cordeiro, and Cunha Bom Jardim, Rita de Cássia
- Abstract
The idea for the theme came from the student's rational speech, the first author on homeopathy and the questioning of science and pseudoscience. In the process of building chemistry as a science, alchemy left important contributions such as laboratory techniques and the figure of Paracelsus who organized the first scientific communities. Science is a human construction and this construction took place through a process influenced by different factors. Scientific knowledge is the result of processes that follow formalities and arises from the rigor of what is called the scientific method. The work methodology was the application of an electronic form-type questionnaire that was careful to be directed to people who had a connection with science in their professional routine. UnB IQ. The results were analyzed using a quali-quantitative method. When the form was interrupted for responses, there were 61 participants and of this total, 16 teachers. It was verified that the participants are divided in their beliefs about homeopathy and science, however, the interesting thing is that even two participants who do not believe resort to homeopathy to treat symptoms that they also treat with allopathic medicines. In post-pandemic times, it is important to look at science and credit the scientist's role in dealing with these issues. However, homeopathy cannot be disregarded as a care practice, as it is part of a list of therapeutic lines of the SUS that look at the individual and his integrality and do not disregard allopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. O ALCANCE DA ASTROLOGIA NO ÂMBITO ACADÊMICO
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Alessandra Daniela Buffon, João Luís Dequi Araújo, and Milene Rodrigues Martins
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ensino de astronomia ,pedagogia ,efeito forer ,pseudociência ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
O ensino da Astronomia tem sido pauta de discussões desde a década de 1970, atribuindo a ele diferentes graus de importância. Em contrapartida, pautas relacionadas a pseudociências como a Astrologia, tem estado cada vez mais presentes em centros universitários. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como alunos de um curso de licenciatura em pedagogia, na modalidade de ensino à distância (EAD) de uma universidade privada do estado do Paraná, interpretam um teste da descrição de suas personalidades, a partir do efeito Forer. A pesquisa é de natureza quali-quantitativa e participaram da mesma 394 alunos devidamente matriculados na disciplina de metodologias para o Ensino de Ciências. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos alunos eram suscetíveis a manipulação da descrição de sua personalidade, confiando nos resultados, apesar dos mesmos serem vagos e generalistas. Conclui-se que mesmo com todo desenvolvimento crítico da sociedade nos dias atuais, a Astrologia ainda não foi desmitificada.
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- 2022
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11. UNA APROXIMACIÓN VERONIANA AL FENÓMENO DE LA EXPANSIÓN DE DISCURSOS PSEUDOCIENTÍFICOS EN TIEMPOS DE REVOLUCIÓN TECNOLÓGICA.
- Author
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GARCÍA FARJAT, Marcelo José
- Abstract
Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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12. Apuntes sobre las dificultades en la determinación del estatus científico de la criminología.
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Sebastián Alonso Agüero San Juan
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criminología ,pseudociencia ,disciplinas cientificas ,Law ,Political science - Abstract
El presente artículo una panorámica de los problemas que tiene enjuiciar a la criminología como ciencia. Se revisan los principales criterios usados normalmente para asignar el rótulo de ‘ciencia’ a una determinada disciplina y se concluye con una propuesta de ordenación de tales criterios.
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- 2023
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13. A psicanálise como uma pseudociência: respondendo a objeções ao seu status pseudocientífico
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Clarice de Medeiros Chaves Ferreira and Vitor Douglas Andrade
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Pseudociência ,Psicanálise ,Ciência ,Metodologia ,Filosofia ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Em contribuição à discussão sobre o problema da demarcação aplicado às abordagens da psicologia, Ferreira publicou um artigo sobre o status científico da psicanálise que a classificou como uma pseudociência. Oliveira escreveu um artigo em resposta ao Ferreira, alegando que, embora a psicanálise não seja uma ciência, é incorreto enquadrá-la como uma pseudociência. Defenderemos que os contra-argumentos de Oliveira não são adequados, e não respondem às críticas de Ferreira. Para cumprir nosso objetivo, dividimos o desenvolvimento deste artigo em dez pontos diferentes a serem respondidos, todos presentes na argumentação de Oliveira e que também podem ser facilmente utilizados por outros entusiastas da psicanálise. Esses pontos incluem discussões sobre a testabilidade e a metodologia das ciências naturais como critérios de demarcação, a dependência de critérios Popperianos para avaliar cientificidade da psicanálise, o impacto de teorias do significado para a demarcação de Hansson, a relevância de os proponentes da psicanálise declararem que a mesma é científica para a demarcação, entre outros. Os problemas nos argumentos de Oliveira podem ser divididos em dois grupos principais: (1) na forma como representa a teoria demarcacionista adotada por Ferreira; e (2) pela desconsideração de questionamentos e críticas metateóricas, que são, na realidade, o mais central para todo o debate. Pensamos que Oliveira não obteve sucesso em suas objeções ao Ferreira. Desse modo, ainda há boas razões para considerar a psicanálise uma pseudociência.
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- 2022
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14. Fake Science: an analysis of videos released about the pandemic
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Marcia Borin da Cunha and Vanessa Ron Jen Chang
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fake news ,pseudociência ,letramento informacional e midiático ,vídeos ,pandemia ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Fake news and misleading information on various subjects is not characteristic of nowadays, but the way in which this information is disseminated has changed in recent years. In addition to dissemination of information, it is also possible to see that the way messages are received has been different. In the latter case, studies point to what can be called the “Post-truth era”. In this broad context and complex environment, Fake News appears, and when it comes to science subjects, we can call it Fake Science, which is a topic of interest for proposal discussion for Informational and Media Literacy for schools. In this article we present the analysis and reflection on videos shared by WhatsApp application users, when the subject is COVID-19. The analysis of the videos leads us to the characterization of the messages and the establishment of indicators that can be used for classroom activities for Informational and Media Literacy.
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- 2021
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15. «Aline et Valcour» de Sade : science et «pseudoscience» dans un roman philosophique
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Losada Goya, José Manuel and Losada Goya, José Manuel
- Abstract
RÉSUMÉ: Fidèle au principe de l'unité de la connaissance, Sade opère dans «Aline et Valcour» un véritable brassage des sciences : biologie, botanique, sociologie, politique, économie, droit, philosophie… par cette ouverture d'esprit il fait preuve d'esprit encyclopédique. Or, loin d'en dresser une classification canonique, le marquis s'intéresse surtout aux déviations : à côté des sciences empiriques se trouvent les pseudosciences (alchimie, magie, nigromancie…) ; à côté du droit, de l'économie ou de la sociologie, les irrégularités : la torture, la pédérastie, l'inceste. Ici nous voudrions approfondir ces «anomalies» et la position de Sade à leur sujet., RESUMEN: Fiel al principio de la unidad del conocimiento, Sade opera en «Aline et Valcour» un auténtico barrido de ciencias: biología, botánica, sociología, política, economía, derecho, filosofía… Con este espíritu abierto da pruebas de su espíritu enciclopédico. Ahora bien, lejos de ofrecer una clasificación canónica, el marqués se interesa sobre todo por las desviaciones: junto a las ciencias empíricas se encuentran las pseudociencias (alquimia, magia, nigromancia…); junto al derecho, a la economía o a la sociología, las irregularidades: la tortura, la pederastia, el incesto. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en dichas «anomalías» y en la posición de Sade al respecto., In keeping with the principle of unity of knowledge, in «Aline and Valcour» Sade makes a full sweep of the sciences: biology, botany, sociology, politics, economy, law, philosophy. This open-minded approach is proof of his encyclopedic spirit. However, far from offering a canonical classification, the divine marquis is particularly concerned with deviations from the norm: he pays special attention to pseudoscience (alchemy, wichcraft, necromacy), torture, pederasty, incest. Our aim is to probe deeper into these «anomalies» and into Sade’s thinking about them., Depto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y Traducción, Fac. de Filología, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de las Religiones, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2024
16. ALGUMAS PERCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE CIÊNCIAS, PSEUDOCIÊNCIA E MOVIMENTOS ANTICIENTÍFICOS
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Mário Lucas Miguel, Leandro José dos Santos, and Leonardo Antônio Mendes de Souza
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Pseudociência ,Anticientificismo ,Negacionismo ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
No presente trabalho, temos como objetivo analisar de forma qualitativa e interpretativa as concepções de alguns estudantes de ensino médio a respeito dos processos de produção e validação do conhecimento científico. Para isso, fizemos uma revisão a respeito dos conceitos de conhecimento, metodologias científicas, pseudociência, negacionismo e anticientificismo. Esses conceitos foram apresentados e discutidos dentro do contexto da atual revolução nas formas de comunicação e suas implicações. Para ilustrar esses conceitos, trouxemos temas que ganharam grande repercussão no ambiente virtual, como o crescimento de movimentos como Terraplanismo e Antivacinas, e também negacionismo com relação a mudanças climáticas. Elaboramos então um questionário que foi aplicado na forma de entrevistas semiestruturadas, para investigar como estudantes do ensino médio reagiriam a estes temas. Com nossa análise percebemos que os estudantes que entrevistamos têm uma visão dogmática de ciência e frequentemente confundem os termos “científico” e “verdadeiro”. Também confundem fatos científicos com opinião, especialmente quando se trata de ciências humanas. Estas observações podem estar associadas a uma defasagem na compreensão de aspectos relativos à produção do conhecimento científico, bem como as questões históricas e socioculturais que o permeiam. Tal abordagem é prevista nos documentos norteadores da educação Brasileira, mas conforme veremos, existe um abismo entre esses documentos e as escolas da rede pública.
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- 2022
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17. ALGUMAS PERCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE CIÊNCIAS, PSEUDOCIÊNCIA E MOVIMENTOS ANTICIENTÍFICOS.
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Miguel, Mário Lucas, dos Santos, Leandro José, and Mendes de Souza, Leonardo Antônio
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SCIENTIFIC knowledge , *SCIENTIFIC method , *HIGH school students , *DENIALISM , *PSEUDOSCIENCE , *CLIMATE change denial - Abstract
In the present work, we aim to qualitatively and interpretively analyze the conceptions of some high school students about the processes of production and validation of scientific knowledge. For this purpose, we reviewed some concepts of knowledge, scientific methodologies, pseudoscience, denialism/negationism and anti-scientism. These concepts were presented and discussed within the context of the current revolution in communication and its implications. To illustrate these concepts, we brought up themes that gained great repercussion in the virtual environment, such as the growth of movements such as Flat-Earthers and Antivaccines, and also denial of climate change. We then developed a questionnaire that was applied in the form of semi-structured interviews, to investigate how high school students would react to these themes. With our analysis we realized that the students we have interviewed have a dogmatic view of science and often confuse the terms "scientific" and "truth". They also confuse scientific facts with opinion, especially when it comes to the humanities. These observations may be associated with a gap in the understanding of aspects related to the production of scientific knowledge, as well as the historical and sociocultural issues that permeate it. Such an approach is foreseen in the guiding documents of Brazilian education, but as we will see, there is a abyss between these documents and public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. La cientifización de la raza: el carácter pseudocientífico de las disciplinas
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Celia Martínez González
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jerarquía racial ,demarcación de la ciencia ,pseudociencia ,frenología ,esencialismo ,objetividad ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
La naturalización de la raza y los intentos por parte de ciertas disciplinas científicas de elaborar una jerarquización racial forman parte de la historia de la ciencia. En este artículo se analizan disciplinas que pertenecen al denominado “racismo científico” para justificar su carácter pseudocientífico tanto desde una perspectiva diacrónica como desde una perspectiva sincrónica, prestando especial atención a la utilización que en ellas se hace de un concepto esencialista de raza. En primer lugar, se abordan criterios para identificar las pseudociencias, así como rasgos que estas presentan. A continuación, se someten a análisis las disciplinas objeto de estudio, incidiendo en los momentos de transición de unas a otras. Tras ello se concluye que las disciplinas estudiadas fueron afectadas por prejuicios y una fuerte ideología racial que repercuten directamente en su estatus pseudocientífico.
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- 2020
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19. Análisis cualitativo de la percepción de las pseudociencias en el colectivo médico español
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Bertran Salvador Mata, Valentina Raffio, and Sergi Cortiñas-Rovira
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pseudociencia ,médicos ,ciencia ,dominios científicos ,relación médico-paciente ,percepción de la pseudociencia ,sociología de la ciencia ,comunicación social ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Introducción: Las pseudociencias utilizan herramientas discursivas falaces para inmiscuirse en la sociedad. Estudios recientes investigan a diferentes colectivos profesionales para identificar, caracterizar y subvertir estos discursos. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de las pseudociencias en el colectivo médico español. Método: Se usó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos se analizaron mediante un modelo de análisis inductivo con la intención de identificar los patrones comunes presentes en las entrevistas. Resultados: Los entrevistados definieron las pseudociencias como manifestaciones carentes de método científico y que derivan de la autoridad de un supuesto especialista. Se muestran reticentes ante su uso. La connotación espiritual de las pseudociencias, junto con la instrumentalización del efecto placebo, su disfraz de natural e innocuo, y el acompañamiento emocional se identificaron como las causas principales de su expansión. Conclusiones: 1) para la prevención de las pseudociencias debe contarse con el apoyo coordinado de las autoridades sanitarias; 2) la precarización de los servicios asistenciales puede ser una de las causas de su expansión; 3) en el contexto de la posverdad, los argumentos emocionales o espirituales adquieren una mayor autoridad que los científicos, causando una pérdida de confianza en el marco epistemológico científico.
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- 2020
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20. A natureza da (pseudo)ciência e a educação científica: uma conversa necessária
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Sabrina Fernandes Gonçalves, Breno Santos Barbosa Magalhães, and Gabriel Carvalho Bungenstab
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Natureza da Ciência ,Pseudociência ,Educação ,Education - Abstract
O presente ensaio se propõe a analisar, criticamente, o discurso da pseudociência na sociedade contemporânea e descrever sobre as possibilidades de constituição de uma educação científica crítica. O atual período pandêmico fortalece a necessidade desta discussão, tendo em vista a grande quantidade de informações falaciosas e tendenciosas que foram e são propagadas todos os dias acerca das práticas científicas. Como pensar em uma educação científica que possa blindar-se dos efeitos deletérios das atitudes pseudocientíficas? Com efeito, acreditamos em uma educação que possa compreender a Ciência não apenas como conhecimento regulador, mas também como conhecimento emancipatório.
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- 2022
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21. As três fases do problema da demarcação
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Robson Carvalho
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Problema da Demarcação ,Ciência ,Pseudociência ,Critério de demarcação. ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Este artigo busca alcançar dois objetivos. Primeiro, apresentar uma análise panorâmica das três principais concepções contemporâneas sobre o problema da demarcação. Tradicionalmente, o problema da demarcação pretendeu delimitar conceitualmente as fronteiras entre “ciência”, “não-ciência” e/ou “pseudociência” via critérios e definições de ciência ou de cientificidade. Tal problemática – principalmente no século XX, mas não só – fez-se presente como um dos grandes desafios intelectuais da filosofia da ciência e em áreas afins. Com efeito, nossa análise produziu uma divisão que recorta três fases principais, a saber, perspectivas otimistas, pessimistas e, por assim dizer, perspectivas híbridas. À luz desse contexto, e a fim de apoiar a arquitetura geral do artigo, selecionamos dois autores de cada uma dessas fases para uma análise esquemática. Segundo, buscamos, ao final, argumentar que o problema da demarcação é melhor compreendido e respondido se caracterizado como mais do que um problema exclusivamente metodológico e epistemológico, isto é, nessa acepção ele seria também um problema valorativo com contornos políticos, sociais e, portanto, prático. Chamamos isso de: dimensão dual do problema da demarcação. Ademais, destacamos que nossa ênfase nesta interpretação está de acordo, essencialmente, ao que defende a terceira abordagem analisada neste trabalho. Ao final, defendemos que a terceira concepção aqui esboçada é uma alternativa comparativamente melhor do que as demais.
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- 2022
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22. La ciencia y la política pública: reflexiones sobre los riesgos de la pseudociencia en la nueva Era del cambio climático
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Miguel Moreno-Plata
- Subjects
cambio climático ,ciencia ,incertidumbre ,política pública ,pseudociencia ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
El objetivo central de esta investigación es propiciar la reflexión acerca del papel de la pseudociencia en la negación del cambio climático, mediante la identificación de los principales obstáculos para el uso de la ciencia en la política pública; los cuales limitan una acción sociopolítica eficaz, acorde a la magnitud de dicho fenómeno. Este artículo también explora las posibilidades de la ciencia en la generación de información y conocimientos para mejorar la toma de decisiones políticas en este rubro. Acorde a estos objetivos se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, sustentada en la revisión de una parte de la literatura generada en los últimos años. Uno de los elementos centrales del negacionismo sobre el cambio climático es la persistencia de un alto grado de incertidumbre sobre sus causas y efectos; lo que abre la necesidad de nuevos paradigmas científicos que aborden de una manera interdisciplinaria la complejidad del citado problema socio-ecológico. Los resultados más importantes se refieren a la necesidad de generar nuevos mecanismos de gestión de la incertidumbre en la política pública, lo que podría apoyar una acción pública más oportuna, así como la construcción de una nueva cultura científica como el mejor antídoto contra los partidarios de la pseudociencia. Las conclusiones más relevantes apuntan al replanteamiento del papel de la ciencia en el contrato social en las sociedades modernas, mediante el establecimiento de nuevas formas de cooperación entre la comunidad científica y los demás actores de la problemática ambiental contemporánea, incluyendo al cambio climático.
- Published
- 2019
23. Which type of science is presented in Secondary Education textbooks?
- Author
-
Margarita Minerva Ibáñez-Ibáñez, María del Carmen Romero-López, and María del Pilar Jiménez-Tejada
- Subjects
educación secundaria ,libros de texto ,naturaleza de la ciencia ,pseudociencia ,metodología científica ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
This paper presents a study based on an analysis of introductory lessons to biology and geology and to physics and chemistry in Secondary Education textbooks. The aims of this study are to characterize the view on the «nature of science» that is transmitted, to determine whether science is differentiated from pseudoscience and to detect whether certain concepts appear, by examining both the theoretical content of the textbooks and the recommended activities. The analysis reveals a lack of an introductory lesson in some books. Where such lesson is included, the text usually focuses on scientific method, paying little attention to the evolution of science, scientific models or other significant concepts. The image of science that is promoted, although it has positive aspects, is often deficient. In short, there is a lack of reflection on what science is and how it is constructed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. El anarcoliberalismo como terraplanismo económico
- Author
-
Nicolás Dvoskin
- Subjects
anarcoliberalismo ,terraplanismo ,neoclásicos ,discurso ,pseudociencia ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Published
- 2019
25. ¿Ciencia o pseudociencia de la actividad física y el deporte?
- Author
-
Natàlia Balagué, Rafel Pol, and Isaac Guerrero
- Subjects
ciencia básica ,teoría científica ,pseudociencia ,creencias ,formación ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Abstract
La prevalencia de ideas pseudocientíficas y “neuromitos” entre las entrenadoras y entrenadores, así como la necesidad de mejorar los contenidos de sus programas de formación, se ha puesto recientemente de relieve en la literatura científica. En este artículo de opinión se identifican y discuten algunas creencias, prejuicios y supuestos tácitos comunes en el ámbito de las ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte que pueden favorecer la presencia de pseudociencia en la formación y la práctica profesional, como son: (a) el deporte es un fenómeno demasiado complejo para ser estudiado científicamente; (b) el deporte necesita ciencia aplicada; (c) en el deporte, la práctica y la experiencia son más importantes que la teoría; (d) todas las teorías tienen parte de verdad y son igualmente aceptables; (e) hay “hard sciences” (biológicas) y “soft sciences” (sociales). En relación con los argumentos que se exponen, se recomiendan algunas intervenciones dirigidas a las instituciones y organismos responsables de la formación de profesionales de la actividad física y el deporte.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. La evolución del diseño inteligente: entre religión y ciencia
- Author
-
Enrique Sandino Vargas, Marta Caccamo, Sumaya Hashim, and Oskar Eng
- Subjects
criterios de demarcación ,diseño inteligente ,método científico ,naturalismo ,pseudociencia ,Military Science - Abstract
Este trabajo evalúa el diseño inteligente (DI) como una pseudociencia. La ciencia ha incorporado muchas definiciones; asimismo la pseudociencia. Ambas han sido discutidas en diversos ámbitos. En la esfera política, están caracterizadas por una pluralidad de conflictos de visiones en discusión. No existe una sola filosofía de la ciencia, consecuencia, tampoco una sola metodología. Los criterios de demarcación no son claros. Esto se torna problemático al evaluar el diseño inteligente. Los científicos no conciben incluir el diseño en el campo científico en su pretensión de que carece de cientificidad. Aquí, seleccionamos un conjunto de definiciones de pseudociencia para evaluar si el DI satisface los criterios de demarcación. Dado que nuestra unidad de análisis es el DI, se plantea la pregunta si el diseño inteligente es una pseudociencia, o si se puede caracterizar el diseño inteligente como una o varias formas de pseudociencia.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Filosofía de la ciencia: cómo impacta una enseñanza adecuada de la disciplina en el ámbito de la carrera de psicología.
- Author
-
Lucía Rodera, María and Miguel Azar, Roberto
- Subjects
- *
WESTERN civilization , *PSEUDOSCIENCE , *MODULARITY (Psychology) , *PHILOSOPHY of science , *COLLECTIVE representation , *PHILOSOPHERS , *PSYCHOANALYSIS - Abstract
Philosophy of Science became an autonomous discipline in approximately 1922 giving rise to the Vienna Circle. The main purpose was to define precisely the concept of 'science' in order to be able to decide univocally which manifestations of human thought should be considered scientific and which others should be excluded to the plane of pseudoscience. With regard to psychology, North American behaviorism agreed with the basic stances of the Vienna Circle, giving a central value to experiments and controlled observations. In concern to Psychoanalysis, the Argentine philosopher Mario Bunge suggested that "[...] it is the most interesting and successful of the pseudosciences [...]" (Bunge & Ardila, 2002, p. 122), assuming a concept of traditional 'science' that is deeply embedded in the social imaginary of western culture. In Latin American faculties of Psychology certain social representations are constantly widespreading, probably inspired by the deficient traditional teaching of philosophy of science at high school and universities too. In this paper we will try to settle down the grounds to develop a philosophical-pedagogical project in order to achieve a superior proposal for the teaching of Philosophy of Science in the career of Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Dr. Francisco Rojas Ochoa: actor, testigo y gloria de la salud pública cubana.
- Author
-
Silva Aycaguer, Luis Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
29. PSEUDOCIENCIA EN NETFLIX: ANÁLISIS DE THE GOOP LAB WITH GWYNETH PALTROW (NETFLIX, 2020).
- Author
-
GALÁN FAJARDO, HELENA and GIL VÁZQUEZ, ASIER
- Subjects
- *
DIGITAL media , *QUANTITATIVE research , *BUSINESSPEOPLE , *AUDIENCES , *SPIRITUALITY , *ADVENT - Abstract
In the last decades of the XXth Century and the early years of the XXIst Century there has been unparalleled development in the field of science and technology; yet the dissemination of misleading pseudo-scientific content has proliferated with the advent of digital media. Through a quantitative analysis, the paper analyzes The Goop Lab (Netflix, 2020), the informative series on alternative therapies conducted and produced by actress, entrepreneur, and influencer Gwyneth Paltrow, and aimed at an eminently female audience. The aim is to show how the business and transmedia bet of goop, a brand created by Paltrow around the lifestyle (which covers nutrition guidelines, therapies of oriental spirituality, beauty products, exercise, sexual advice ...), proposes an aspirational discourse based on an implicit promise of physical and/or psychological. It is concluded that this space appropriates the rhetorical strategies of scientific discourse as well as feminist postulates in order to obtain social validation and increase the audience and sales of its products and treatments. Finally, a taxonomy of the pseudoscientific rhetorical resources is made in order to promote an efficient and responsible use in the transmission of media informative contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
30. LA COMUNICACIÓN DE LA CIENCIA EN YOUTUBE ESPAÑA, ¿DIVULGACIÓN, DIFUSIÓN, COMUNICACIÓN O SÓLO POLÉMICA?
- Author
-
MACHO REYES, RAFAEL DIEGO and BERMÚDEZ VAZQUEZ, MANUEL
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC knowledge , *SCIENTIFIC communication , *FAKE news , *COMMUNICATION styles , *QUALITY of life - Abstract
On the internet there is no comparison to the communicative power that Youtube enacts both for facts, Fake News and pseudo-scientific knowledge that might negatively affect the Access to valid knowledge and the quality of life of the population. Analyzing how the communication of Science is made on Youtube from institutional profiles from Universities and Spanish Research Centres to individual remarkable profiles to create a theoretical framework to improve the scientific knowledge communication. This research is going to be performed by targeted research on the website, metricals análisis and qualitative research. The expected results are a general valorization of the most followed YouTube channels on scientific communication in Spain, which contents are created, different styles of communication to determine which one is the most effective one (institutional v personal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
31. IMPACTO EN EL ÁREA DE COMUNICACIÓN DE CALL FOR PAPERS DE PRESUNTAS REVISTAS FRAUDULENTAS.
- Author
-
SEGARRA-SAAVEDRA, JESÚS, TÚÑEZ-LÓPEZ, MIGUEL, and CUSTÓDIO-FRAZÃO-NOGUEIRA, ANA-GABRIELA
- Subjects
- *
PUBLISHING , *PUBLISHED articles , *SCIENTIFIC communication , *PREDATORY publishing , *PLAGUE , *FRAUD in science , *PSEUDOSCIENCE - Abstract
The demanding promotion of university professors is being taken advantage of by international publishers to develop a fast business, that is framed in supposedly fraudulent activities of apparently scientific magazines, but without impact indexes that some experts already qualify as "epidemic" (García-Puente, 2019) and "plague" (Silva, 2016). This research uses the mystery client technique (Morena, 2013) to respond to an intentional sample of call for papers (CFP) submitted to researchers between January and April 2020, with a previously published article, that was intentionally altered to appear to be a scientific paper, but which violates the guidelines of originality and rigor: the order of the paragraphs is altered and translated into English with DeepL, without subsequent monitoring. During the period, 98 PICs were received and 38 submissions were made. The results are eloquent: none has been rejected, and within an average of 6 days 17 publication acceptances are confirmed. In all cases, payment is requested in advance. The article allows us to identify the profile of the journals, their recruitment strategies, the use of claims of: indexing, ethical standards and peer review and the naming strategies to simulate international prestige. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
32. EL EMBROLLO CIENTÍFICO DE LA PSICOTERAPIA: CÓMO SALIR.
- Author
-
Pérez Álvarez, Marino
- Abstract
The notion of imbroglio is introduced as a critical instrument. If on the one hand it serves to identify a confused state of affairs, on the other it invites its clarification and a way out. Two imbroglios are identified in psychotherapy. The first is the puzzle of how different psychotherapies, surprisingly, have similar efficacy. This is clarified according to three levels of analysis: ontological (distinguishing natural versus interactive entities), anthropological (common factors of psychotherapies), and psychological (certain healing effects inherent in all healing practices). The second imbroglio is the problem of the demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Although important, the problem of demarcation conceals other even more important problems that have to do with the current conception of science. This is because the demarcation is subsidiary to a positivist conception of science, itself problematic when applied in the clinic. These other problems have been identified as bad science, scientism, and integrationism. Even when these imbroglios have been clarified, the way out is to pose the basic ontological question about what is a psychological disorder, without assuming the standard conception as a «failure» in internal mechanisms. An idea of the disorder is raised that is based on life's problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Notas para una historia de la pseudociencia en México: «Mi cura del agua», de Sebastian Kneipp, en la prensa mexicana (1891-1902)
- Author
-
Marcos Cortés Guadarrama
- Subjects
Sebastian Kneipp ,History of reading ,Prensa mexicana ,Hidroterapia ,Mexican press ,Pseudoscience ,Pseudociencia ,Historia de la lectura ,Hydrotherapy - Abstract
En este artículo se estudia la presencia del cura alemán, Sebastian Kneipp, y su famoso Método de hidroterapia o Mi cura de agua (Kempten, 1886) en la prensa mexicana de finales del siglo XIX. Desde los postulados de la historia de la lectura, se revisa la forma y contenido del libro; el porqué de su notoria popularidad que lo convirtió en un Bestseller de su tiempo. A continuación, se analiza el tratamiento que la prensa mexicana le dio a esta pseudociencia que no permeó en el discurso normativo de la medicina. Se concluye que, por el contrario, fue bien conocida por distintas comunidades de la sociedad y que sus referencias asentadas en la prensa –en traducciones de noticias internacionales, en la publicidad, en la caricatura y en la sátira política–, formaron parte de la construcción de una opinión pública y una identidad mexicana This article studies the presence of the German priest Sebastian Kneipp and his famous text My Water Cure (Kempten, 1886) in the Mexican press from the end of the 19th Century. Drawing on the history of reading, the text’s form and content are reviewed, as well as its high popularity, that made it a Bestseller of its time. Consequently, the consideration of this text, and the method it proposed by the Mexican press is being analyzed, and the reason why this did not permeate the normative medical discourse. On the contrary, it is concluded that this method was well known by various social strata and that the references to it in the press –such as translations in international news, in publicity, in cartoons and political satire– were part of the construction of a public opinion and of a Mexican identity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Las pseudociencias como problema social en la era tecnocientífica. Un recorrido por la ciencia y sus enemigos dentro y fuera
- Author
-
Jesús A. Valero-Matas and Carlos Andrés Muñoz Sandoval
- Subjects
ciencia ,pseudociencia ,anticiencia ,fraude ,mala conducta ,ética ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
El presente artículo se ocupa del tema de las pseudociencias como un problema social de la actualidad que es necesario analizar desde sus bases teóricas, sus antecedentes históricos y sus nuevos espacios de disputa. En este recorrido por la ciencia y sus enemigos, se evidencia que la proliferación de estos movimientos no puede entenderse sin tomar en consideración diversos actores, entre los que destacan los medios de comunicación, mediante su tarea de divulgación científica; las grandes empresas, especialmente las corporaciones farmacéuticas; los intelectuales, como inspiradores de esos grupos anticiencia; y por supuesto, los gobiernos y sus políticas.
- Published
- 2017
35. Análisis de la comunicación no verbal: los peligros de la pseudociencia en entornos de seguridad y justicia
- Author
-
Denaut, Vincent, Plusquellec, Pierrich, Jupe, Louise, St-Yves, Michel, Dunbar, Norah, Hartwig, Maria, Sporer, Siegfred, Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica, Jarry, Johathan, Walsh, Dave, Otgaar, Henry, Viziteu, Andrei, Talwar, Victoria, Keatley, David, Blandón-Gitlin, Iris, Townson, Clint, Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine, Lilienfeld, Scott, Patterson, Miles, Areh, Igor, Allan, Alfred, Cameron, Hilary, Boivin, Rémi, ten Brinke, Leanne, Masip, Jaume, Bull, Ray, Cyr, Mireille, Hope, Lorraine, Strömwall, Leif, Bennett, Stephanie, Al Menaiya, Faisal, Leo, Richard, Vredeveldt, Annelies, Laforest, Marty, Honts, Charles, Manzanero, Antonio L., Mann, Samantha, Granhag, Pär-Anders, Ask, Karl, Gabbert, Fiona, Guay, Jean Pierre, Coutant, Alexandre, Hancock, Jeffrey, Manusov, Valerie, Burgoon, Judee, Kleinman, Steven, Wright, Gordon, Landström, Sara, Freckelton, Ian, Vernham, Zarah, van Koppen, Peter, Denaut, Vincent, Plusquellec, Pierrich, Jupe, Louise, St-Yves, Michel, Dunbar, Norah, Hartwig, Maria, Sporer, Siegfred, Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica, Jarry, Johathan, Walsh, Dave, Otgaar, Henry, Viziteu, Andrei, Talwar, Victoria, Keatley, David, Blandón-Gitlin, Iris, Townson, Clint, Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine, Lilienfeld, Scott, Patterson, Miles, Areh, Igor, Allan, Alfred, Cameron, Hilary, Boivin, Rémi, ten Brinke, Leanne, Masip, Jaume, Bull, Ray, Cyr, Mireille, Hope, Lorraine, Strömwall, Leif, Bennett, Stephanie, Al Menaiya, Faisal, Leo, Richard, Vredeveldt, Annelies, Laforest, Marty, Honts, Charles, Manzanero, Antonio L., Mann, Samantha, Granhag, Pär-Anders, Ask, Karl, Gabbert, Fiona, Guay, Jean Pierre, Coutant, Alexandre, Hancock, Jeffrey, Manusov, Valerie, Burgoon, Judee, Kleinman, Steven, Wright, Gordon, Landström, Sara, Freckelton, Ian, Vernham, Zarah, and van Koppen, Peter
- Abstract
Para los profesionales de la seguridad y la justicia (policías, abogados, jueces), los miles de artículos revisados por pares sobre comunicación no verbal representan fuentes importantes de conocimiento. Sin embargo, a pesar del alcance del trabajo científico realizado sobre este tema, los profesionales pueden recurrir a programas, métodos y enfoques que no reflejan el estado real de la ciencia. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar (i) los conceptos de comunicación no verbal transmitidos por estos programas, métodos y enfoques, pero también (ii) las consecuencias de su uso (por ejemplo, sobre la vida o la libertad de las personas). Para lograr estos objetivos, describimos el alcance de la investigación científica sobre la comunicación no verbal. Se examina un programa (SPOT: Evaluación de pasajeros mediante técnicas de observación), un método (BAI: Entrevista de análisis de conducta) y un enfoque (sinergología) que contradicen el estado de la ciencia. Finalmente, presentamos cinco hipótesis para explicar por qué algunas organizaciones en los campos de la seguridad y la justicia están recurriendo a la pseudociencia y a las técnicas pseudocientíficas. Concluimos el artículo invitando a estas organizaciones a trabajar con la comunidad académica internacional especializada en la investigación sobre comunicación no verbal y detección de mentiras (y verdad) para implementar prácticas basadas en la evidencia., For security and justice professionals (e.g., police officers, lawyers, judges), the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use (e.g., on the life or liberty of individuals). To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI; “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. We conclude the article by inviting these organizations to work with the international community of scholars who have scientific expertise in nonverbal communication and lie (and truth) detection to implement evidence-based practices., Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2023
36. The analysis of nonverbal communication: The dangers of pseudoscience in security and justice contexts
- Author
-
Denault, Vincent, Plusquellec, Pierrich, Jupe, Louise, St-Yves, Michel, Dunbar, Norah, Hartwig, Maria, Sporer, Siegfried, Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica, Jarry, Jonathan, Walsh, Dave, Otgaar, Henry, Viziteu, Andrei, Talwar, Victoria, Keatley, David, Blandón-Gitlin, Iris, Townson, Clint, Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine, Lilienfeld, Scott, Patterson, Miles, Areh, Igor, Allan, Alfred, Cameron, Hilary, Boivin, Rémi, ten Brinke, Leanne, Masip, Jaume, Bull, Ray, Cyr, Mireille, Hope, Lorraine, Strömwall, Leif, Bennett, Stephanie, Al Menaiya, Faisal, Leo, Richard, Vredeveldt, Annelies, Laforest, Marty, Honts, Charles, Manzanero, Antonio L., Mann, Samantha, Granhag, Pär Anders, Ask, Karl, Gabbert, Fiona, Guay, Jean Pierre, Coutant, Alexandre, Hancock, Jeffrey, Manusov, Valerie, Burgoon, Judee, Kleinman, Steven, Wright, Gordon, Landström, Sara, Freckelton, Ian, Vernham, Zarah, van Koppen, Peter, Denault, Vincent, Plusquellec, Pierrich, Jupe, Louise, St-Yves, Michel, Dunbar, Norah, Hartwig, Maria, Sporer, Siegfried, Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica, Jarry, Jonathan, Walsh, Dave, Otgaar, Henry, Viziteu, Andrei, Talwar, Victoria, Keatley, David, Blandón-Gitlin, Iris, Townson, Clint, Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine, Lilienfeld, Scott, Patterson, Miles, Areh, Igor, Allan, Alfred, Cameron, Hilary, Boivin, Rémi, ten Brinke, Leanne, Masip, Jaume, Bull, Ray, Cyr, Mireille, Hope, Lorraine, Strömwall, Leif, Bennett, Stephanie, Al Menaiya, Faisal, Leo, Richard, Vredeveldt, Annelies, Laforest, Marty, Honts, Charles, Manzanero, Antonio L., Mann, Samantha, Granhag, Pär Anders, Ask, Karl, Gabbert, Fiona, Guay, Jean Pierre, Coutant, Alexandre, Hancock, Jeffrey, Manusov, Valerie, Burgoon, Judee, Kleinman, Steven, Wright, Gordon, Landström, Sara, Freckelton, Ian, Vernham, Zarah, and van Koppen, Peter
- Abstract
For security and justice professionals (e.g., police officers, lawyers, judges), the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use (e.g., on the life or liberty of individuals). To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI; “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. We conclude the article by inviting these organizations to work with the international community of scholars who have scientific expertise in nonverbal communication and lie (and truth) detection to implement evidence-based practices., Para los profesionales de la seguridad y la justicia (policías, abogados, jueces), los miles de artículos revisados por pares sobre comunicación no verbal representan fuentes importantes de conocimiento. Sin embargo, a pesar del alcance del trabajo científico realizado sobre este tema, los profesionales pueden recurrir a programas, métodos y enfoques que no reflejan el estado real de la ciencia. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar (i) los conceptos de comunicación no verbal transmitidos por estos programas, métodos y enfoques, pero también (ii) las consecuencias de su uso (por ejemplo, sobre la vida o la libertad de las personas). Para lograr estos objetivos, describimos el alcance de la investigación científica sobre la comunicación no verbal. Se examina un programa (SPOT: Evaluación de pasajeros mediante técnicas de observación), un método (BAI: Entrevista de análisis de conducta) y un enfoque (sinergología) que contradicen el estado de la ciencia. Finalmente, presentamos cinco hipótesis para explicar por qué algunas organizaciones en los campos de la seguridad y la justicia están recurriendo a la pseudociencia y a las técnicas pseudocientíficas. Concluimos el artículo invitando a estas organizaciones a trabajar con la comunidad académica internacional especializada en la investigación sobre comunicación no verbal y detección de mentiras (y verdad) para implementar prácticas basadas en la evidencia., Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2023
37. ¿Qué ciencia se presenta en los libros de texto de Educación Secundaria?
- Author
-
Margarita Minerva Ibáñez-Ibáñez, María del Carmen Romero-López, and María del Pilar Jiménez-Tejada
- Subjects
Educación Secundaria ,Libros de texto ,Naturaleza de la ciencia ,Pseudociencia ,Metodología científica ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Este trabajo muestra un análisis de los temas que introducen la ciencia en los libros de Biología y Geología y Física y Química de Educación Secundaria. El objetivo es caracterizar la visión de la «naturaleza de la ciencia» que estos presentan, comprobar si se diferencia ciencia de pseudociencia y estudiar la presencia de ciertos conceptos. Para ello se han analizado tanto los contenidos teóricos como las actividades. El análisis revela que varios libros carecen de un tema introductorio. En los que sí lo tienen, se observa que suele centrarse en el método científico y presta una atención limitada a la evolución de la ciencia, los modelos científicos u otros conceptos relevantes. La imagen de ciencia que se promueve, si bien incluye aspectos positivos, no es aún, por lo general, completamente correcta. Se aprecia, por tanto, una falta de reflexión sobre qué es la ciencia y cómo se construye.
- Published
- 2019
38. CULTUREMAS, TOPOI, PERFILES DE NORMALIDAD Y ZONAS ACTIVAS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PSEUDOCIENCIA.
- Author
-
Portillo-Fernández, Jesús
- Subjects
- *
PSEUDOSCIENCE , *TRANSLATIONS , *DEBATE , *LINGUISTICS , *CONCEPTS , *ANALOGY - Abstract
In this paper we analyze the concepts of cultureme (Translation Studies), topoi (Argumentation Theory), active zones and normality profiles (Cognitive Linguistics) aiming to establish analogies and understand from a multidisciplinary viewpoint the way in which ordinary knowledge (unscientific) can reach a false epistemological status (pseudoscientific). From the review of the characteristics attributed to scientific, unscientific and pseudoscientific knowledge, we analyze the role played by the concepts cited in the constitution of pseudoscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
39. The Analysis of Nonverbal Communication: The Dangers of Pseudoscience in Security and Justice Contexts.
- Author
-
Denault, Vincent, Plusquellec, Pierrich, Jupe, Louise M., St-Yves, Michel, Dunbar, Norah E., Hartwig, Maria, Sporer, Siegfried L., Rioux-Turcotte, Jessica, Jarry, Jonathan, Walsh, Dave, Otgaar, Henry, Viziteu, Andrei, Talwar, Victoria, Keatley, David A., Blandón-Gitlin, Iris, Townson, Clint, Deslauriers-Varin, Nadine, Lilienfeld, Scott O., Patterson, Miles L., and Areh, Igor
- Subjects
- *
NONVERBAL communication , *PSEUDOSCIENCE , *THEORY of knowledge , *RESEARCH , *LIE detectors & detection , *TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood , *JUSTICE - Abstract
For security and justice professionals (e.g., police officers, lawyers, judges), the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods, and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods, and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use (e.g., on the life or liberty of individuals). To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques), a method (the BAI; Behavior Analysis Interview) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. We conclude the article by inviting these organizations to work with the international community of scholars who have scientific expertise in nonverbal communication and lie (and truth) detection to implement evidence-based practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A psicanálise debaixo de fogo e a construção da identidade analítica.
- Author
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Barreto, Elias
- Abstract
This communication tries to reflect upon a cultural climate that tends to understand emotional suffering as a brain disease and to portray psychoanalysis as an outdated and non-evidence based pseudoscience, questioning its impact on the building of psychoanalytic identity. This reflection rests upon the experience of working as a psychologist in analytic training in a public psychiatric hospital and a private practice context. It will also address the nature of criticism of psychoanalysis and how psychoanalytic training faces external criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
41. Análisis cualitativo de la percepción de las pseudociencias en el colectivo médico español.
- Author
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Salvador-Mata, Bertran, Raffi, Valentina, and Cortiñas-Rovira, Sergi
- Subjects
- *
ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *COMMUNICATION , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL personnel , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCIENCE , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Introduction: Pseudoscience's use fallacious arguments to expand in society. Different groups of professionals are being analyzed in order to identify, characterize and eventually undermine these major communicative patterns. Objective: To analyze the Spanish healthcare professionals' perception of pseudoscience. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used, consisting of in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Data was analyzed using an inductive analysis with the intention to identify the main patterns present in the subjects. Results: Interviewees defined pseudoscience as those practices lacking any scientific method and created by false specialists. The spiritual character of pseudoscience, together with the exploitation of the placebo effect, its disguise of natural and innocuous, and the emotional support of the preceptors of the false therapies are highlighted as the main causes of its spread. Conclusions: 1) For pseudoscience's prevention, healthcare professionals should be supported by coordinated strategies from the authorities; 2) the decline in public investment in the care services can be one of the causes of its expansion; 3) in the post-truth context, the emotional and spiritual arguments acquire a greater authority than the scientific ones, thus provoking a loss of confidence of the epistemological scientific framework [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Entre milagros, espíritus y esoterismo: pensamiento mágico y pseudociencia en el Chile globalizado del siglo XXI.
- Author
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Rodríguez Garcés, Carlos and Valenzuela Orrego, Mónica
- Subjects
- *
MIRACLES , *SPIRITS , *ESOTERICISM , *PSEUDOSCIENCE , *SOCIAL perception , *MAGICAL thinking , *TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Parallel to the rationality underpinning current science and technology, a set of unfounded beliefs persists among citizens who generally omit scientific criteria to give explanation to seemingly supernatural phenomena. Using the data from the first "National Survey of Social Perception of Science and Technology" (EPSCYT) applied in Chile in 2016, some phenomena in which people believe are explored descriptively and using reasons of probability, and It is analyzed how entrenched they are in the various segments of the population. Among the results, we found a high prevalence in beliefs about the existence of miracles (79%), the spirits (65%), the telepathy (60.2%), numerology (50.4%) and UFO's (59.9%). The discussion raises a paradox of modernity, where despite the propagation of scientific knowledge and technologies, some beliefs in the supernatural are maintained, this even among those who would theoretically be more skeptical, i.e. who have Attained university education, they are adults, they declare themselves agnostics and/or supporters of the thesis of the verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. La ciencia y la política pública: reflexiones sobre los riesgos de la pseudociencia en la nueva Era del cambio climático.
- Author
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Moreno-Plata, Miguel
- Published
- 2019
44. El discurso mediático sobre las pseudociencias en la prensa generalista: un análisis de los principales diarios españoles.
- Author
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Sánchez-Hernández, José Antonio and Marín, Delfina Roca
- Subjects
- *
FRAUD in science , *LITERACY , *MASS media , *NEWSPAPERS , *QUALITATIVE research , *EMPIRICAL research , *SOCIAL media , *DIARY (Literary form) - Abstract
Introduction: Pseudosciences or "false sciences" use the media to trasmit their messages to the population and achieve their social insertion. Objective: To determine the informative treatment that media carry out within the pseudoscientific practice and therapies. Methodology: It has been developed a qualitative empirical research based on the examination of the content related to the news that have been published in the four main Spanish newspapers that also counts with the largest Internet audience: El Pais, La Vanguardia, El Mundo and ABC. Results: It is shown that media don't have any well defined criteria so as to include some of the news which are related to the field of pseudoscience in some sections, prevailing the information as a favourite genre to address this topic due to the influence of the general-interest media, emphasizing the health problems that are consequence of the pseudosciences and the need of their adjustment, mainly. Conclusions: This research shows that when general-interest media address the topic of pseudoscience, they do so especially through pieces of news, except for El Pais, which acquires a stronger editorial commitment through the insertion of editorials. In any case, the published information is clearly committed to being critical toward this type of practices which lack scientific evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Science or Pseudoscience of Physical Activity and Sport?
- Author
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Balagué, Natàlia, Pol, Rafel, and Guerrero, Isaac
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A validation of the Pseudoscience Endorsement Scale and assessment of the cognitive correlates of pseudoscientific beliefs
- Author
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Marta N. Torres, Itxaso Barberia, and Javier Rodríguez-Ferreiro
- Subjects
Questionnaires ,General Arts and Humanities ,Estats Units d'Amèrica ,Pseudoscience ,General Social Sciences ,Qüestionaris ,Pseudociència ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,United States ,General Psychology - Abstract
Pseudoscientific beliefs are widespread and have potentially harmful consequences. Being able to identify their presence and recognize the factors characterizing their endorsement is crucial to understanding their prevalence. In this preregistered study, we validated the English version of the Pseudoscience Endorsement Scale and investigated its correlates. A group of volunteers (n = 510), representative of the U.S. population, responded to this scale and to questionnaires measuring the presence of paranormal, denialist, and conspiracist beliefs. The validation resulted in a shorter version of the scale, the sPES. Participants also completed a scientific literacy questionnaire as well as bullshit detection and cognitive reflection tests. Scores obtained on the questionnaires corresponding to different unwarranted beliefs correlated with each other, suggesting a possible common basis. Scientific knowledge, cognitive reflection scores, and bullshit sensitivity were negatively associated with scores on the pseudoscience scale. Of note, bullshit receptivity was the main contributor in a model predicting pseudoscience endorsement.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pseudociencia y mala ciencia en biomedicina: Análisis de evidencias, riesgos para la salud y difusión mediática
- Author
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Gonzalo Casino
- Subjects
pseudociencia ,mala ciencia ,biomedicina ,medicinas complementarias y alternativas ,comunicación científica ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Abstract
La pseudociencia (falsa ciencia) y la ciencia basada en estudios defectuosos y sesgados (mala ciencia) producen conocimiento falso o incierto, sin pruebas o con evidencias de baja calidad. Ambas representan un riesgo para la salud: las terapias basadas en pseudociencia porque pueden reemplazar o retrasar los tratamientos convencionales y la biomedicina de baja calidad porque propicia intervenciones médicas que pueden ser peligrosas. En la prensa, las terapias alternativas tienen menor presencia que las investigaciones de baja calidad, mientras el encuadre suele ser negativo para las primeras y positivo para las segundas. Ambas precisan estudios más completos y rigurosos para comprender mejor sus efectos negativos sobre el pensamiento crítico, la economía y la toma de decisiones que afectan a la salud.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Divanes y gurús: El origen y los peligros de la pseudopsicología clínica
- Author
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Angelo Fasce
- Subjects
pseudociencia ,psicología ,psicoanálisis ,new age ,psicoterapias ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Abstract
La pseudociencia presenta una alarmante presencia en el contexto de la psicología clínica y es, además, muy peligrosa. Como conjunto de ideas pseudocientíficas, la pseudopsicología clínica muestra la peculiar característica de constituir toda una tradición paralela a la psicología, con numerosas ramificaciones y desarrollos teóricos y prácticos interrelacionados. En este escrito repasaremos esa tradición, desde la hipnosis pseudocientífica hasta el psicoanálisis, y desde la new age hasta la actual neuropseudociencia. Tras ello, revisaremos algunos de los peligros de la pseudociencia relacionada con los trastornos mentales.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Núvols d’avions: De la pseudociència dels ‘chemtrails’ a la ciència dels ‘contrails’
- Author
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Jordi Mazon, Marcel Costa, and David Pino
- Subjects
chemtrails ,contrails ,pseudociència ,ciència ,núvols alts ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Abstract
Les afirmacions i els arguments més freqüents trobats en fòrums i pàgines web de pseudociència en favor de l’existència dels deixants dels avions, que anomenen chemtrails, es refuten a partir de l’explicació científica del procés de formació dels deixants de condensació o sublimació dels avions, els coneguts contrails. Es descarta la hipòtesi de l’existència dels chemtrails, ja que aquests no difereixen en res dels contrails, els quals són de natura hídrica i resultat d’un procés físic referenciat en nombrosos estudis desenvolupats des de començament de l’era de l’aviació, a començament del segle XX, fins a l’actualitat. L’article permet concloure que els chemtrails de la pseudociència no són res més que els contrails que defineix la ciència.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Análisis de la presencia de pseudociencia en los catálogos de las bibliotecas públicas españolas
- Author
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Sergi Cortiñas-Rovira and Marc Darriba Zaragoza
- Subjects
pseudociencia ,bibliotecas públicas ,comunicación científica ,divulgación científica ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
El presente artículo examina la presencia de libros que traten manifestaciones pseudocientíficas como tema principal en los catálogos de las bibliotecas públicas españolas, así como la posición que estas obras toman respecto a la pseudociencia. Se ha creado una base de datos para analizar las cifras tanto relativas como absolutas de textos en todos los catálogos autonómicos. Las cifras muestran un pequeño pero preocupante porcentaje del 0,15% de títulos abordando varias pseudociencias y señalan la astrología como la manifestación más presente en las bibliotecas. El estudio también muestra la amenaza que supone la homeopatía, dado que el número de obras tratando esta pseudoterapia supera en una ratio de 1 a 20 las obras referentes a la quimioterapia.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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