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Remanufactured products are now a vital part of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) product portfolio due to the financial benefits associated with them, as well as increased awareness about the need for economic and environmental sustainability on a regional as well as global level. Further, reman products appear to have substantially enhanced dependability when they become available on the product market because they are significantly more reliable. When a product appears (is sold) on the market, providing an extended warranty is one of the most effective methods of highlighting its reliability and standard quality. To determine the optimal pricing and production strategy for a monopolistic OEM who also participates in (re)manufacturing, the author proposes a two−phase Extended Warranty (EW) model for remanufactured (reman) and new products. By using the Karush−Kuhn−Tucker Non−Linear Optimization Programming Model, this study devises a framework for evaluating optimal prices, demands, and profitability of reman and newly produced products that incorporate an EW using a model framework. Based on the findings of our investigation, the OEM can choose to manufacture/produce a reman product, a new product, or a combination of reman and new products. Moreover, a numerical analysis has been conducted to determine the significance of EW, product failure rates, and customer preferences for both reman and brand−new products. The primary objective is to assess the impact of the EW. Through this study, the authors intend to highlight the importance of the EW in the purchasing decisions of customers. The results of the analysis will help to identify the key factors that influence the consumer’s willingness to buy a product with an EW. This study is crucial for businesses that want to understand the importance of EW in the market and tailor their strategies accordingly. The research findings indicate that OEMs might benefit by adding an EW to their product line as it could increase their profits.

In many industries and applications, downtime or failure can have serious consequences, such as financial losses, safety hazards, or reputational damage. A hot standby unit can help minimize the impact of such events by providing a backup that can quickly and seamlessly take over in the event of a failure. Further, the question of as to how many hot standby units should be used also needs to be addressed. So, an N+1-Unit-system is investigated wherein N units are on hot standby, whereas one unit is operational and the system is such that the hot standby units can take over seamlessly if the single operative unit fails. The system breaks down completely when all the units fail. It is assumed that the failure rates of all the operational units and the redundant units will vary exponentially. To get different performability measurements, the regenerative point technique has been applied to optimize the value of N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redundancy of software and hardware components is one of the techniques to increase system availability and reliability. A redundant unit takes over if the primary unit malfunctions. The reliability and profit analysis of a system with one operational unit along with a hot standby unit and a cold standby unit has been investigated. Standby works with the same efficiency as the initially operative unit. Cold standby takes some time to become operative whenever required; however, the hot standby becomes operative instantaneously. Markov process and regeneration point technique have been used to describe mean time to system failure, availability of the system, busy period for repair and activation time of cold standby unit. Finally, numerical interpretation has been given for system profitability for a particular case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of a system with a single operative unit may lead to various types of losses including goodwill loss, non- production, revenue loss, etc. and, therefore, standby units are required to be used to decrease the downtime and avoid various types of losses. One may also keep in view that if cold standby units are used, the operation of the system gets delayed due to the requirement of activation time for making the standby unit operative and hence reducing the downtime. One may think of having warm standby units instead of cold standby units. Thus, a system comprising one operational unit and N warm standby units have been dealt with in the present paper with the provision of switching time for converting standby unit to operative one. Further, the question of as to how many such standby units should be used also needs to be addressed. Keeping this in view, an optimum analysis has been carried out besides finding other essential measures of system effectiveness. The value of N has been optimised using the regenerating point technique while also obtaining various kinds of performability measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decisive applications, such as control systems and aerial navigation, require a standby system to meet stringent safety, availability, and reliability. The paper evaluates the availability, reliability, and other measures of system effectiveness for two stochastic models in a symmetrical way with varying demand: Model 1 (a two-unit cold standby system) and Model 2 (a two-unit hot standby system). In Model 1, the standby unit needs to be activated before it may begin to function; in Model 2, the standby unit is always operational unless it fails. The current study demonstrates that the hot standby system is more expensive than the cold standby system under two circumstances: a decrease in demand or the hot standby unit's failure rate exceeding a predetermined threshold. The cold standby system's activation time is at most a certain threshold, and turning both units on at once is necessary to handle the increasing demand. In that case, the hot standby will be more expensive than the cold standby system. The authors used semi-Markov and regenerative point techniques to analyze both models. They collected actual data from a cable manufacturing plant to illustrate the findings. Plotting several graphs and obtaining cut-off points make it easier to choose the standby to employ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The company or industry can increase system reliability and provide stress-free operation by adding redundant equivalent subsystems to the active unit. The warm standby system is accessible if the operational unit malfunctions, and the cold standby system can take over. This paper aims to analyze a system comprised of one operative unit, cold standby unit, and one warm standby unit. Cold standby is activated to become warm standby when the operative unit fails, and warm standby becomes operational immediately. A minor defect causes the warm standby unit to fail, whereas a major fault causes the operational unit to fail. Such systems are used by many businesses, sectors, and facilities to prevent operational and reputational losses. Cut-off values for the failure rate, activation rate, revenue cost, and cost per repairman visit have been calculated to determine when the system is profitable. Various system performance measures have been defined by using the Markov process and regeneration point method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) connected to grid (FCV2G) technology regarding the reduction of consumer costs is proposed. Herein, the key contribution is to investigate the energy and profit analysis aspects of an FCV2G system supported by photovoltaic (PV) panels for a 24 h operation. For this, an FCV in the rating of 100 kW is connected to the grid/homes, and a detailed analysis is performed for the FCV2G system supported by PV energy in the rating of 40 kW. The designed system is primarily tested for energy transfer from FCV/PV to grid/homes, and the results are verified for dynamic loading situations. It is observed that FCV + PV supply excess power to the grid during flexible hours of the day, and consumer homes use additional energy from the grid during peak hours. The profit analysis of the established FCV2G system is conducted using the load profile data for the 24 h situation. FCV2G supported by a PV system verifies that the homes' consumption cost is reduced significantly, and the remaining energy is utilized by selling the energy to the grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the methodology for analyzing the profit of an enterprise, which allows to react in a timely manner to external and internal changes in financial instability. The main indicators of the activity of the economic agent are analyzed, the structure and cost structure will be introduced. In the course of the work, key performance indicators of the organization's activities were identified and calculated. The study revealed that the increase in the company's revenues is directly related to the increase in the provision of logistics services, and the increase in costs - with the growth of freight forwarding services and a decrease in depreciation

The objective of this paper is to develop a reliability model for a two-unit parallel system using the concept of inspection. A single server is available to inspect the failed unit before its repair. Failed unit is replaced by new one if its repair is not possible. Semi-Markov process and regenerative techniques are used to derive the expressions for various reliability and economic measures such as mean time to system failure, availability, busy period analysis of server, expected number of visits by the server and profit function. The numerical values are also assigned to various parameters and costs for studying the graphical behavior of performance measures like MTSF, availability and profit of the developed models. The findings of the present study help the system developers to identify hazardous conditions, which further help in either correct them immediately or report them for corrective action before replacement of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the effectiveness of recycling, echelon utilization, and recovery mechanism of waste power batteries (WPBs), 12 recycling modes were proposed based on extended producer-responsibility principle. By employing profit and sensitivity analyses, we found that resource-recovery companies (Rs) are the key for recycling, echelon utilization, and recovery mechanism. For R, the high resale price of waste LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 batteries was not conducive to recovering waste batteries. However, the recycling behavior of R was beneficial for resisting the risk of high resale price of waste LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 batteries. This condition increased the profits by saving on the buying cost and reselling of WPBs to echelon-utilization companies. Following the decrease in the number of recyclers in the recycling system, the profits of R also increased. However, when the proportion of recycled waste LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 batteries was 100%, the profits of R faced risks due to the high resale price of waste LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 batteries. For other recyclers, only the power-battery manufacturers (Ms) were willing to reduce the resale price of waste LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 batteries to let R earn profit because R supplied regenerated materials to M at a lower price than the material companies. This condition created a cycle for WPB recovery and reduced the use of raw materials. Thus, Mode M–R was considered as the optimal recycling mode.

In this paper a four-unit repairable system with three subsystems in series and one subsystem containing n components in parallel has been studied with specific focus to understand the effect of environmental failure on this system. The causes of these environmental failures include failures due to human error, maintenance error, overloading etc. It has been assumed that the system is susceptible to these environmental failures from any given working state. The state transition diagram was prepared and mathematical modeling of the system was done by defining differential-difference equations for each state and their respective boundary conditions. These equations were solved by using supplementary variable technique and applying Laplace Transformation (LT) to obtain LT of upstate and downstate probabilities of the system. Abel's lemma was applied to find steady state probabilities for up-state and down-state of the system. In order to complete numerical computations, a particular case, assuming repair rates to follow exponential distribution was taken to identify upstate probability for that case. Certain numerical values of failure and repair rates were taken to find out effect of increase in magnitude of above-mentioned environmental failures on availability of system. Further, certain values for cost and revenue parameters per unit time were assumed and used with upstate probability, at steady state, to ascertain variation in profit function over time due to increase in magnitude of these environmental failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decisive applications, such as control systems and aerial navigation, require a standby system to meet stringent safety, availability, and reliability. The paper evaluates the availability, reliability, and other measures of system effectiveness for two stochastic models in a symmetrical way with varying demand: Model 1 (a two-unit cold standby system) and Model 2 (a two-unit hot standby system). In Model 1, the standby unit needs to be activated before it may begin to function; in Model 2, the standby unit is always operational unless it fails. The current study demonstrates that the hot standby system is more expensive than the cold standby system under two circumstances: a decrease in demand or the hot standby unit’s failure rate exceeding a predetermined threshold. The cold standby system’s activation time is at most a certain threshold, and turning both units on at once is necessary to handle the increasing demand. In that case, the hot standby will be more expensive than the cold standby system. The authors used semi-Markov and regenerative point techniques to analyze both models. They collected actual data from a cable manufacturing plant to illustrate the findings. Plotting several graphs and obtaining cut-off points make it easier to choose the standby to employ.

Here, we analyze stochastically a computer system by taking one more similar unit (called computer system) in cold standby redundancy. The computer system consists of hardware and software components together. The provision of a single service facility has been made for repairing hardware and up-grading the software. The failure of the service facility is considered which resumes the jobs with full efficiency as new after availing treatment. The failure rates of hardware and software components as well as failure rate of the service facility are taken as constant and thus follow negative exponential distribution. The treatment rate of the service facility, repair rate of the hardware and up-gradation rate of the software follow arbitrary distributions with different probability density functions. Efforts have been made to determine reliability measures in steady state by using SMP and RPT. The behavior of MTSF, availability and also the profit function is observed graphically for some particular situations of the parameters.

This paper aims to present the idea of post-repair intensive inspection by an expert. On the failure of a system, two independent opinions are taken to get the cause of failure. If the two opinions are contradictory, the system is undertaken by an expert for inspection and repair. If the two opinions are in accordance, the system is observed. If the diagnosis was still improper even after the same two opinions, the system is undertaken by the expert. Then, the system is again put under observation, and if any fault occurs during the observation period, then an intensive inspection (post-repair) is carried out by an expert. It is assumed that after this post repair intensive inspection, the cause of failure is diagnosed ideally. All the time distributions are arbitrary. Various measures and profit functions have been obtained using Markov and regenerative techniques. Graphical analysis is also done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to determine some significant reliability characteristics of a parallel-cold standby system of four units. The units in the system are pairwise identical which work in two phases. In first phase, the two identical units (called main units) work in parallel and the other two units (called redundant units) are kept as spare in the cold standby. In the second phase, the cold standby units work simultaneously at failure of all the main units. The main units are identical but dissimilar to the cold standby units. The single cold standby unit cannot bear the load of the system. A single server is engaged to handle the all repairs activities. The provison of priority has been made for the operation and repair of the main unit. Some significant reliability characteristics including MST, transition probabilities, MTSF, availability, expected number of repairs (for both types of units), server's busy period, server's expected number of visits, and the profit function are obtained in the steady state by making use of well known stochastic process approaches. The graphically representation of these reliability characteristics has been made for arbitrary values of the rates associated with failure and repair times. The application of the present study can be seen in the power distribution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the aviation industry is one of the significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. An optimum solution to this concern is the substitution of conventional electricity consumption with clean energy sources. Barren lands are available in airport sites as buffer zones. These lands can be utilized to generate electricity from clean energy sources like solar, wind, and others. This study proposed a 5 MW grid-connected solar power plant at airport sites by utilizing the substantial barren area of the airport. The targeted airports for this study are Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka, and Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Mathematical and simulation analyses have been performed for this purpose. Besides, sustainability analysis has also been incorporated for the grid-connected solar power plant. The energy efficiency varies from 18.74 to 7.79% for the Shah Amanat International Airport, and for the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, it ranges from 17.71 to 7.45%. Based on the project outcome, the revenue earned was 25% higher if the total cost was invested in power plants rather than keeping it in the bank as a deposit. On the other hand, emission analysis presented that a gross reduction of 3827.5 tons of CO2/MWh can be achieved from the Shah Amanat International Airport, while 3926 tons of CO2/MWh can be removed from the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. Based on the sustainability analysis, the energy depletion ratio for Shahjalal Airport varies from 0.82 to 0.93, while for Shah Amanat Airport, it is in the range of 0.81 and 0.92. The findings of this study suggested that investment in grid-connected solar power plants is economically viable and environmentally benign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, profit analysis of a Water Treatment Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant is carried out by using the Regenerative Point Graphical Technique (RPGT) under specific conditions for system parameters. The paper analyzes the behavior of a water treatment RO plant consisting of subunits namely Multimedia filter (MMF), Cartridge filter (CF), High-pressure pump (HPP), RO System (ROS). The system is in a working state when all subunits are in good condition. A repair facility is accessible for all subunits. Availability of the plant, Busy Period of the Server (BPS) and Expected number of inspection by the repairman (ENIR) is calculated by using the RPGT technique. Finally, numerical analysis is carried out for calculating the performance measures and their comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in household wealth, observed at the beginning of the 21st century in Poland, results in dynamic development of sport infrastructure. Playing fields, bicycle paths, swimming pools and recreation centers emerge in publicly accessible places. This generates great demand for sports equipment, which is also fostered by the sport successes achieved by Polish athletes in many disciplines. The subject of this study entails the profitability threshold of an enterprise selling sports equipment on the Internet. Profitability threshold is an enterprise characteristic that does not belong to the categories analyzed via econometric tools. The literature, therefore, lacks studies addressing empirical determination of profitability threshold in an enterprise. This necessitates a model comparison of the company's total costs against the sales revenues. The purpose of this article is to describe the variability mechanism of the total costs in an enterprise, using a stochastic econometric model. Sales revenues have been included in the model equation. This will allow to determine the level of the company's fixed costs as well as calculate the increase in the variable costs the per revenue unit. Positive verification of the empirical model allowed indication of the sales revenues level at which the total costs are covered. This requires comparison of an empirical equation of the cost with a hypothetical equation that assumes equal costs and revenues. By solving such a system of equations, the company's profitability threshold is obtained. Exceedance of the profitability threshold results in the appearance of profit in an enterprise. A procedure for determining the dynamic profitability threshold of an enterprise has been presented as well. This procedure is necessary when a trend occurs in the empirical equation of the total costs. Information on the profitability threshold becomes an important decision-making tool in an enterprise. It indicates the point at which profit on sales can be expected in a period under observation. Additionally, it suggests the use of marketing tools that allow the company to exceed the profitability threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful agribusiness is based on farmer competency and their ability to make farming decisions. This research aims to understand: the characteristic of cabbage farmer; the revenue analysis and feasibility study of cabbage farming; the obstacles and the risks which are encountered by the farmer. Malang was chosen deliberately as the research location considering it as the centre of cabbage production. This research used a probability sampling, with 24 samples of respondent drew by a simple random sampling. Result shows that the majority of respondent are between 30-49 years old and most of them are elementary school graduates. Most farmers have worked on their farming for more than 20-30 years. Some of respondent has wide area of cabbage farming from 1-2 ha, that makes the farming profits obtained was Rp. 22,488,325. Result shows that RC Ratio were 2,16, BEP price is Rp. 1.174,39, and BEP unit is 2.811,19 kg. It can be concluded that cabbage farming was done during that season was highly feasible.

The progressive regulatory moves in the competitive energy market have encouraged market participants to invest more in the green energy sector worldwide. The unpredictability of renewable energy sources has caused the long-term energy market to dominate, despite many demerits. Studies show that long-term contracts are economically inefficient due to forecasting errors. These cause higher imbalance costs and limit overall profit. Thus, utilities need to unlock the potential of short-term contracts to tackle this imbalance. Because of this, a day-ahead energy contract model for a wind farm in the short-term energy market is proposed in this paper. The model is devised by forecasting season-specific wind speed scenarios. The profit margin of the wind farm is estimated under the Indian energy market context. Practicality issues like frequency sensitive imbalance pricing, scheduled energy price, and regulations of Indian grid codes are implemented. Case studies and results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cold standby redundancy technique has been applied to develop a stochastic model for a two unit computer system. One unit (computer system) is initially operative and the second unit (computer system) is in cold standby. Each unit comprises two main components hardware and software. To handle the repair activities of the components (i.e. hardware and software), a single service facility (server) is provided. The failure of service facility is considered during the up-gradation of the software. The prescribed assignments are resumed with full efficiency by service facility after treatment. The failure rates of the components are assumed as constant. The hardware repair's rate, software's up-gradation rate and server's treatment rate follow arbitrary probability distributions. The SMP and RPT are adopted to determine various reliability measures of the computer system model. And, also the profit of the system model has been obtained. The interpretation of the results is given wherever necessary and graphs are drawn to show the trend of MTCSF, availability and Profit Function of the system model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport infrastructure has been developing dynamically in Poland since the beginning of the 21st century. Sport fields/arenas, bicycle paths, swimming pools, recreation centers in parks and in housing estates are being built. This causes a great need for sporting equipment. The demand for sporting equipment is fostered by the sporting successes achieved by Poles in many disciplines. The level of household affluence has also been increasing, which is conducive to this type of spending. The subject of this study entails the profit of an enterprise selling sporting equipment via the Internet. Profit is an enterprise characteristic which does not belong to the categories analyzed using econometrics tools. As such, literature lacks publications on the subject of enterprise profit forecasting. Literature also lacks econometric models describing the mechanisms of profit variability. Only works addressing the issue of optimization models can be found, where profit functions as a goal. The purpose of this work is to describe the mechanism of enterprise-profitability variability using a stochastic econometric model. The econometric model's equations include causal conditions, autoregression, a trend and seasonal fluctuations. The volatility mechanisms of three profit measures has been examined: the sales, the operating and the net profit. A recursive mechanism has been considered, examining the impact on profit of such factors as: the company's sales volume and the economic situation represented by the Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG). Positive verification of the empirical model allowed construction of short-term profit forecasts for the enterprise. To estimate the profit forecasts, extrapolative forecasts of profit factors have been used, i.e. the sales revenues and the value of the WIG index. The quality of the profit forecasts, therefore, depend on the quality of the forecasts of these profit factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present paper discussed the butter-oil (ghee) producing system consists of four subsystems—'Melting Vats', 'Boilers', 'Butter-oil Clarifier' and 'Butter-oil Settling Tank'. All the four subsystems are connected in series configuration. The subsystem 'Melting Vats' consists two dissimilar units: one is performing the intended task and other is hold in cold standby. Subsystem 'Boilers' consists of three similar units, all are connected in parallel. Subsystems 'Butter-oil Clarifier' and 'Butter-oil Settling Tank' each consists of one unit. Time to failure of all the subsystems are exponentially distributed and repair times follow arbitrary distribution. Supplementary variable technique is used for analysis purpose. Also in the special case, the numerical results along with their graphs for distinct values of subsystems parameters such as failure rate and repair rate have been evolved to explore the behaviour of various performance characteristics of butter-oil producing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, profit analysis of a warm standby non-identical (one is main unit another is duplicate unit) units system with single server subject to preventive maintenance of the unit have been discussed. Server repairs or maintenances under the rule FCFS (first come first served). The model consists of two non-identical units--one is operative and the other is kept as warm standby and one unit is sufficient to make the system in operative mode. The main unit may fail directly from normal mode and the warm standby unit can fail owing to remain unused for a longer period of time. The unit undergoes for preventive maintenance after a specific period of the time. The time taken to repair activity by the server follows negative exponential distribution whereas the lifetime distributions of units are taken as arbitrary with different probability density functions. The expressions of various stochastic measures are analyzed in steady state using semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique. To delineate the behavior of some important performance measures to check the efficacy of the system model graphs are drawn by taking arbitrary values of the parameters (i.e. λ, µ, ϕ and θ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profit is one of the main economic categories, reflecting all aspects of the activities of business entities and ensures their stable operation. Making and maximizing a profit gives the company the opportunity for continuous development and improvement, providing it with competitive advantages in the market. Achieving maximum profit and minimizing costs is one of the main goals of any commercial enterprise. The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical foundations of the economic mechanism of profit management based on the use of the processes of its planning, analysis and distribution. As study results shows the structure of the mechanism of profit management includes: state regulatory and market economic regulation of the process of formation and use of profit, as well as a system of specific internal methods and techniques that form the enterprise. It was emphasized that the theoretical foundations of profit management should be based on the principles of integration with the general management system, for the solution of the different tasks, flexibility and variability of approaches to the development of management decisions. It was substantiated that in the process of forming profits, enterprises often face a decrease in actual revenues compared with the plan. This situation should be corrected by reducing costs and ensuring nonoperating income. It was proved that the main goal of the profit distribution process is to optimize the proportions between the share of profits, its capitalization and consumption. Optimization is necessary to ensure the implementation of the enterprise development strategy and the growth of its market value. The necessity of creating special separate subdivisions at enterprises (profit centers), which provide in dynamics the optimal combination of the values of sales volume, selling prices, variable and fixed costs, income and net profit, was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy is a kind of renewable energy that plays a significant role in remote areas for pumping water. The windmill is also used to generate electricity. The windmill is also known as a wind pump when it is used for pumping water. In this work, the authors proposed a complex hybrid model of an example of combined system (windmill, rechargeable battery and pumping system) to evaluate the system’s performance. System performance was affected by system degradation due to system failure. These factors also affected the profit of the user. Two types of repair facilities for continuous and satisfactory performance of the system were assumed. To illustrate the system modeling using the Gumbel–Hougaard family of the copula, numerical examples were used for the exploration of Markov results of the reliability measures and the profit of the system with the warranty period, with this also being demonstrated graphically.

The aim of this work is to present a reliability and profit analysis of a two-dissimilar parallel unit system under the assumption that operative unit cannot fail after post repair inspection and replacement and there is only one repair facility. Failure and repair times of each unit are assumed to be uncorrelated. Using regenerative point technique various reliability characteristics are obtained which are useful to system designers and industrial managers. Graphical behaviors of mean time to system failure (MTSF) and profit function have also been studied. In this paper, some important measures of reliability characteristics of a two non-identical unit standby system model with repair, inspection and post repair are obtained using regenerative point technique.

A system, or unit, is said to be working under normal weather conditions if the system is working under prescribed conditions as defined/stated by the definition of reliability of system/unit, otherwise the system is said to be working in abnormal weather conditions. For example, if a car with the capacity for five persons is carrying more than five persons, it will be said to be working under abnormal weather conditions. Another example, if a hydraulic machine having the capacity to lift a maximum weight of 500 tons is lifting a weight of 600 tons, then the machine is working under abnormal weather conditions. Hence, in this situation, work done by the machine is out of its capacity and the machine is working in abnormal weather conditions. If the machine is working within the capacity of the stated conditions, it is said to be working in normal weather conditions. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the profit of a two-unit system called the standby system that is working under different weather conditions in an inspection facility. There is a single perfect server who visits the system immediately whenever required. A server inspects the unit before repair/replacement of the failed unit. All the mechanical activities done by the server are only possible during normal weather conditions. There are two possibilities after inspection of the unit; either repair of the unit is feasible or not feasible. If repair of the unit is not feasible, then the unit will be replaced immediately by a new unit. Otherwise, the repaired unit works as a new unit. The operative unit undergoes preventive maintenance after a specific (maximum) operation time. All random variables are statistically independent. The failure rate and the rate by which the system undergoes for preventive maintenance are constant whereas the inspection rate, repair rate, and maintenance rate follow negative exponential distributions. The expressions for several reliability measures are derived in steady state conditions using the regenerative point technique and semi-Markov process. The graphical behavior of MTSF, availability and profit function, has been depicted with respect to preventive maintenance rate for arbitrary values of other parameters and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]