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This article on the threat to West Germany from Russia. The West German Government, and the West Germans, were perfectly ready to sound a note of decent defiance to the Soviet ultimatum over Berlin. There is no sign at the moment of any West German retreat from the position taken up in November, which amounted in broad terms to a straight refusal to have the Western part of the city neutralized and stripped of its Western garrisons, and thus laid open to the danger of Communist infiltration and pressure. Nine Germans out of 10 support the line which has been taken by both the Federal Government and the Social Democratic Opposition that there can be no capitulation over Berlin and no question of giving its 2.5 million inhabitants a vulnerable, even desperately dangerous status before Berlin takes its proper position once more as capital of a united Germany.

Criticizes the regime of dictator Herr Ulbricht in East Germany. Statement of Ulbricht that his regime is no longer aimed at Communism; Admission of Ulbright that the region experience economic failures, especially in planning and theoretical economics; Factors causing the dissatisfaction and disaffection of the ruling Socialist Unity Party; Reasons for the rising prices of commodities; Speculation that West Germany is willing to grant credits for East Germany over a ten year period.

Examines issues related to the German peace treaty as of September 1962. Aims of the all-German peace conference in 1962; Reason for the decision of the federal government of Germany to maintain allied forces in West Berlin; Advantage of the proposal of West Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt for a 52-nation Peace Conference in Berlin; Alternative approaches that can be taken by the Western Powers in case of the failure of the peace treaty.

Provides information on the decision of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of Germany to collaborate in a negotiation for an international authority supervising Berlin's communications with West Germany. Statement made by Adenauer that it would be better if both German states stayed out of an international body for their peace negotiation; Existence of political and military conflict between East Germany and West Germany; Consequence of Adenauer's decision on the country's democracy and the confidence of the public on his leadership.

The article focuses on German politics. In 1955, the phrase most worrying to West German political leaders was "peaceful coexistence." Behind that phrase lurked the fear of a long- term Soviet Union plan for crystallizing the present division of Germany as part of a continuing status quo in Central Europe. Today, fear of a phrase has been superseded by fear of a single word: disarmament. Germany's leaders have realized with a real shock of surprise that the Soviets may not merely preach peaceful coexistence; they may make concessions to the West which could do two things, weaken the Western Alliance and at the same time, induce it to leave Germany divided.

This Geneva Conference has been the worst shock to the German people, both the 50,000,000 of the Federal Republic and the 18,000,000 of Communist East Germany, since the end of the war. A bare three weeks ago German hopes were set high. Chancellor Konrad Adenauer had returned from Moscow less than a month before with the promise that the German prisoners would be sent home from the Soviet Union. In return, direct diplomatic relations would be opened between Bonn and Moscow, giving the federal government a material chance of doing something to secure German reunification.

Three weeks before the invitation to visit Moscow, Russia, was extended to Konrad Adenauer, a German statesman and a commentator of the North West German Radio Corporation, in Cologne, Germany, threw out the suggestion that after Austrian Chancellor and Yugoslav dictator Marshal Tito, Adenauer might be the third in the succession of European statesmen to be approached by the Kremlin. Practically nobody in Germany believed that a personal approach to Adenauer was a remote possibility. During the present phase of German history the German people have become understandably apathetic to major political issues. This is due to the failures of their former leaders, the stunning effect of the lost war, the division of Germany into two mere "semi-states," and the real need for Germans to earn money, rebuild their homes, and bring back their standard of living to normal.

The article focuses on the political system in Germany. It also gives a brief insight on views of Ludwig Erhard, Minister of Economics, about Konrad Adenauer's government's past successes and great future plans. He praises industrialists and workers for the tremendous role they have played in the country's rejuvenation. The index of industrial production, which in 1948 was 63 per cent of the pre-war average, rose above 140 last year. Further information on the German gross national product that rose to 10 percent and increase in savings to 20 percent is also presented.

This article focuses on the issue between France and Germany regarding Saar River Valley territory. 1947 France gave the Saar, already detached from. The rest of Germany, a degree of self-government which was set out in the Saar Statute. When the Saarlanders held their elections they were well aware of the near starvation in Germany and of an Allied dismantling program which was just swinging into full action. The Christian Party, in the predominantly Catholic state was expected to obtain a safe majority. He had, moreover, an understanding with the next largest party, the Socialists, who were still strong in this overwhelmingly Industrialized area. The elections gave the Christians twenty-eight seats and the Socialists seventeen. Three went to independents and two to the Communists. Only the Communists were pledged to oppose French plans.

The Bonn Government in East Germany, is now certain that a diplomatic--if not physical-campaign against Berlin, Germany, has begun. In the first place, practically, nobody in Western Germany or in Berlin envisages, a second, full-scale "Berlin blockade" of the 1947-48 type. There are various reasons for assuming this. The Western powers have been quick to show that they are ready to withstand a second blockade; they have the planes with which to organize a second air-lift, necessary. West Berlin holds reserves of food and fuel sufficient for five or six months. Furthermore, a full-scale blockade would deprive the East Germans of around 2.1 million. Both West German and Allied observers believe that what lies ahead in Berlin, is a "campaign of pinpricks." This could start with the withdrawal of the Soviet representative froth the four-power Air Safety Center--the only four-power organization which has functioned in recent years.

Discusses the efforts and preparations of Egypt for a bombing raid against Israel in 1964. Statements of Great Britain Foreign Secretary R. A. Butler on the nuclear capabilities of Egypt; Types of rockets being developed by Egypt; Support given by Germany to Egypt.

Examines the changes in the conditions of Great Britain after the conduct of election. Reasons for a national mood of frustration and futility; Irrelevance in blaming the British government for failure to enter the Common Market; Expression of national dissatisfaction from the public.

Focuses on the political scenario of Germany following the debate on the succession of President Konrad Adenauer. Plans of Adenauer regarding his succession; Reason for not considering the Federal Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard for Presidentship; Reasons for the support of Erhard by the members of Christian Democrats.

Provides insights into the quality of wine and ritual of wine drinking in Germany. Choice of wine glass; Way to savor the color and taste; Priority in American and Canadian wine lists.

Presents a biographical account on the life of politician Konrad Adenauer in Bundestag, Germany. Career background; Educational attainment; Political activities.

Presents information on the Franco-German meeting in Bonn where the French Prime Minister, M. Debr&ecaute;e, and the Federal Chancellor reviewed the political, military and economic organization of the Western Alliance in Europe. Discussion of speeches made by French General Charles De Gaulle at the meeting; Comment on Europe's ability regarding military leadership; Demands made by French Prime Minister M. Debré for European reorganization.

Focuses on a plan proposed by the journal "Manchester Guardian," to solve the problem of territorial claims by East and West Germany over West Berlin. Assumptions under the plan that Germany will remain divided into a Federal and an East German Republic for the future, with communist pressure on West Berlin, and that the geographical isolation of West Berlin would remain a source of political and diplomatic weakness to the Western Alliance; Steps taken for the integration of East German Republic in the Communist bloc, by the creation of a Council of State, and the self-appointment of Walter Ulbricht to be its first chairman; Suggestion that West Berliners should be given the right to move with their city, with bigger role to play in German affairs than can be exercised by them at present.

Reports on the Berlin crisis that was triggered due to the suddenness of the East German restrictions on movement between West and East Berlin and between the Federal Republic and Berlin. Implication of the restrictive measures to reduce the economic, political and sentimental interest of Western Germany; Localization of aggression against Berlin by the Western Powers in the face of East German; Limited scale and time of the restrictions; Social condition in Berlin.

Presents information on various political developments in East Germany. Role of the East German Liberal Democratic Party and East German Christian Democratic Union in opposing the communist rule in the country; Action taken by Liberal Democrats to resist the Head of the State Walter Ulbricht's drive to turn Eastern Germany into communist country; Response of Liberal Democrats to policies of Ulbricht.

Focuses on German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and West German policies, with reference to the Summit talks to be held in Paris, France. Proposal of a referendum in West Berlin on the city's status by Adenauer; Presumptions of Adenauer on Soviet policies at the Summit talks; Advantages cited by Adenauer of his purely defensive policies; Purpose of a referendum proposed by the Chancellor in West Berlin on the city's status; Instruction given by Adenauer to his Foreign Minister to echo his sentiments; Effect of the prolific nature of Soviet proposals for a solution of the German question on the Chancellor; Impact of the weight, persistence and occasional perspicacity of the Communist attacks on the Federal Republic on Adenauer.

Focuses on the Soviet Union's propaganda directed against the West Germany. Allegation made by Russian newspaper "Izvestia" against German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of inscribing a swastika in the visitors' book of the National Gallery in Washington; Claims of the Soviet Government that the West German Embassy in Moscow had sent a war medal with a swastika on it to a certain Ivan Hoppe who wanted to be repatriated to Germany; Action taken by the Soviet Government to prove that the West German Minister for Refugees, Theodor Oberlaender, was an unconvicted war criminal.

Focuses on political affairs of West Germany. Events which led to the formation of Western Germany comprising three zones of Great Britain, France and the U.S.; Diplomatic set-back suffered by the Federal Republic of Germany when the state of Guinea decided to accord the rank of Ambassador to its charge d'affaires in East Berlin; Confusion of the people over the "Hallstein doctrine," under which the Federal Republic will cut off direct relations with any state which recognizes the East German Republic; Accusations of Western Europe against the West Germany; Amount of money being spent Communists on denigrating the Federal Republic.

Presents information on the anti-Semitic outrages in Western Germany, which began with the daubing of swastikas and slogans on the Cologne synagogue and have already produced a chain-reaction, at home and abroad. Promise made by both the Federal Cabinet and the Bundestag to give the matter their urgent attention; Anti-Semitic incidents occurring in Great Britain, France, Belgium, Austria, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Scandinavia and the United States; Claim that the state authorities, who had to examine the records of right-wing parties and associations that might have inspired the outrages, believe that ex-Nazis have encouraged discordant, dissatisfied young people to give vent to their feelings of frustration; Germans horrified because Christmas was chosen for the Cologne outrage.

Discusses the U.S. diplomatic relationship with West Germany. Political significance of the phrase 'the Spirit of Camp David'; Argument on the reunification of Germany; Tendency of Western powers to work for Germans.

The article presents information on economic and political conditions of Germany. The announcement, on September 21, 1959 that the East German Republic was introducing a new "national flag" passed almost unnoticed in Western Germany. It seemed a purely trivial matter. To the black, red and gold colors of the flag which had previously been in use on both German states the East Germans added a hammer and compass, and a wreath of ears of corn. The only reason that they gave was that the former German flag had been systematically "sullied and discredited" by West German" militarists."

Focuses on the turmoil on the political front of Germany. Influence exercised by Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in the political circles; Complaint of the Federal Foreign Office that Adenauer has failed to examine the Macmillan Plan for a zone of equalized and mutually inspected armaments in Germany; Statements made by president of the Bundestag Eugene Gerstenmaier which show that there are some people in the government ranks who are not content with diplomatic immobility; Discussion of the Macmillan Plan which offers the Western Powers the chance to take a diplomatic initiative against the Russians.

Focuses on the plan proposed by Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Deputy Prime Minister of East Germany Walter Ulbricht, for the solution of the problem of Berlin. Plan to give West Berlin the status of a free city; Intention of East Germany to regulate the city's communications, including the road, railway, canal and air-corridors; Proposal forwarded by the Russians asking the West Berliners to cease from participating in activities hostile to the communist states; Impact of the East German control over communications on the East German refugees.

Focuses on the issue of reunification of Germany and the interference of the Soviet pressure in the reunification. Groups in West Germany, who reject Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's unbending commitment to the West; Views of Gustav Heinemann, Adenauer's first Federal Minister of the Interior and today a recruit to the Social Democratic fraction in the Bundestag, against the East German marionette-team under Walter Ulbricht; Efforts of opportunistic right-wingers of the Free Democratic Party led by Wolfgang Doering, to break the East-West deadlock; Statement of the party that it would merely give East German regime a "de facto" recognition with the purpose of ending its separate existence as soon as reunification took place; Significance of reunification of Germany; Views of another group of political independents against the foreign policy of Adenauer; Attitude of East German towards the issue of reunification; Demand of Soviet Union for a "German Confederation" of two equally entitled German states; Demand for the creation of an "All-German Council"; Pressure on East Germany to meet the demands of the Soviet Union to maintain its existence; Policy of the Soviet Union to hold on to every inch of territory won in Central Europe and to consolidate gains prior to making a fresh advance to the West political, economic and strategic importance of Eastern Germany to the Soviet Union.

This article focuses on the reunification of Germany. In both parts of the divided Germany, people are having a great desire for the reunion of their country, but they are less hopeful than they were in the last few years. Konrad Adenauer, chancellor of West Germany, dismissed the latest note from Marshal Nikolai Bulganin as Soviet propaganda gambit and nuisance-maneuver of considerable scope. He explicitly denied that there was any evidence of an earnest Soviet intention to come to an understanding. The Adenauer thesis still insists upon free, All-German elections, and the creation of a united German Parliament which reflects the freely-expressed wishes of the whole German people.

The article focuses on the statements made by the U.S. former ambassador to Soviet Union, George Kennan, over the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The three suggestions made by Kennan which have most bearing on the German problem were that a unified Germany should be excluded prior to reunification, from any major military alliance, that some kind of limited armaments could be created in Central Europe, and that at least the whole of Germany-and possibly a wider area-could be "nuclear-neutralized," in fact cleared of all nuclear weapons.

Focuses on the Federal election in Germany and the political power and prestige of Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his Christian Democratic Union. Report that the Christian Democrats increased their percentage of the poll from 45 to more than 50 percent and had an absolute majority over all other parties; View that the overwhelming majority of the German people supports both Adenauer's foreign policy and the economic policy of Professor Ludwig Erchard; Remark of Adenauer that his party had for the first time made real inroads into the Social Democratic preserve of organized labor; Speculations over the effect of the election on the German democracy; Issues related to the party's propaganda campaign fund raised for the Christian Democratic cause; View that there may be good government during the next four years, but there will be no Parliamentary growth.

Analyzes the capabilities of Ludwig Erhard as the possible successor to West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Arguments raised by Adenauer against the nomination of Erhard by the Christian Democratic Party; Possible impact of his election on the government; Performance of Erhard in terms of managing the country's economy; His personal attitude to politics.

Focuses on the political career of West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Possibility of retirement of Adenauer; Effort made by the Christian Democratic Party to ensure graceful withdrawal of Adenauer from his office in October; Determination of Adenauer to prevent the Christian Democratic Party's candidate, Vice Chancellor Ludwig Erhard, from succeeding him; Support withdrawn by the Christian Democratic youth and the Christian Democratic Trade Unionists to Adenauer; Declaration made by the Christian Democratic Party's semi-independent Bavarian branch to support Erhard.

Reports on the variation to the German interpretations of the Federal Republic's obligations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Imposition of an embargo on the export of steel tubes to Soviet Union; Information that contracts for delivery of these tubes had been signed with three Ruhr, Germany firms on October 5, 1962; Reverence to the attempt, of Konrad Adenauer, a statesman, in securing the support of his Free Democratic coalition partners for the embargo; Discussion on consequences of canceling contracts.

Focuses on the Franco-German Treaty of cooperation signed in Paris. Common Market crisis in Western Germany; Preference of most Germans for the consolidation of the Western Alliance; Unqualified acceptance of American leadership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Indications that the Franco-German Treaty of cooperation marks the end of the accepted policy of consolidating the Western Alliance.

Focuses on issues related to the political and economic conditions in Germany. Dependence of East German Republic on the Soviet Union; Concern for the division of East Germany and West Germany; Decrease in the consumption of beef by the citizens of the country; Commendation of the denouncement of the possibility of German reunification by East German and Soviet authorities by West Germany.

Refutes the propaganda that East Germany under Premier Walter Ulbricht would administer justice with greater humaneness. Suggestion that former East German cycling champion Harry Seidel became one of the regime's political prisoners; Repression experienced by Seidel's relatives; Number of acts of violence committed by East German police and soldiers; Overview of cases in which trivial reasons are used to imprison East German.

Focuses on political issues in Germany with reference to the Cabinet changes. Dismissal of ex-Minister for all-German affairs, Ernst Lemmer; Renewal of the unsteady Christian Democratic-Free Democratic alliance in an atmosphere of mutual distrust and embarrassment; Announcement of his retirement by chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Existence of animosities between the Christian and Free Democrats; Accounts of the problems faced by the Adenauer administration.

Presents an update on a controversy involving the "Spiegel" weekly newspaper in Germany which led to a government investigation of its affairs and the arrest of several staff members, as of November 1962. Background on the newspaper's publication of an article on a secret war game project of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization involving West Germany; Speculations on the charges to be filed against publisher Rudolph Augstein and his assistants in relation to the unauthorized disclosure; Implications of the "Spiegel" issue for the rule of law and West German democracy.

Comments on the appointment of politician Gerhard Schroeder as Foreign Minister to the administration of West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Assessment of the participation of Schroeder in Nazi Party's activities; Accusations made against Schroeder for the flight of Otto John, secret-service chief, to East Berlin; Involvement of Schroeder in Adenauer's effort to create a government-sponsored television network; Criticism made by the Social Democrats against Schroeder.

Discusses the West German policy towards the Oder-Neisse Line under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer as of November 1962. Central feature of the foreign policy of Adenauer; Assertion that West Germany supports its claim to the Oder-Neisse Line through a conspiracy of general agreement; Actions taken to foster the myth of the return of the German refugees to their old homes in Oder-Neisse Line; Factors that diminish the value of Oder-Neisse Line as a German bargaining weapon.

Promotes the resignation of Konrad Adenauer as chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. Impact of his age on his performance; Stance of Adenauer on the efforts to capture the diplomatic initiative; Analogy of his term of office to that of former chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

Provides some insights into public opinion on the inability of the Western Germany alliance to reunify Germany citing the views of journalist, Sebastian Haffner on the need for neutralism. Effects of the region's relations with the U.S. and Soviet Union on the possibilities and the impossibilities of a reunification; Pros and cons to the principle and implementation of neutralism; Indications of politics and foreign relations.