347 results on '"Prince RL"'
Search Results
2. A four year follow up study of the effects of CA supplementation on bone density in elderly postmenopausal women
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Devine, A., Dick, IM., Heal, SJ., Criddle, RA., and Prince, RL.
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- 1996
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3. The clinical utility of measured kyphosis as a predictor of the presence of vertebral deformities
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Prince, RL and Prince, RL
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Summary- Meaured spinal kyphosis, as a predictor of prevalent and incident vertebral deformity, was examined in older women (>70 years) and found to not have sufficient sensitivity or specificity to justify its use as a predictor of present or future vertebral deformity risk. Introduction- Kyphosis may be attributable to vertebral deformity and was investigated as a clinical tool for predicting the presence and future risk of vertebral deformity. Methods- Kyphosis was measured in 434 women aged 70 years or older and the kyphosis index (KI) calculated. Prevalent and incident vertebral deformities were assessed by morphometric X-ray absorptiometry (MXA). The predictive value of KI was examined. Results- Severity of kyphosis was categorised by tertile of KI; 65% of anterior thoracic deformities occurred in the 33% of subjects in the highest (most kyphotic) tertile. Using this tertile as a predictor of anterior thoracic deformity, the probability for a positive test rose from 14% for the whole population to 28% and for a negative test the probability fell to 8%. For any spinal deformity the highest tertile of KI increased the probability of a positive test from 34% to 42% and reduced the probability for a negative test to 30%. The incidence of new deformities was 6% over 4 years; a high KI tertile did not increase the probability of any vertebral deformity
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- 2007
4. Preventing osteoporosis naturally
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Prince Rl and Henderson Nk
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business.industry ,Osteoporosis ,General Medicine ,Bioinformatics ,medicine.disease ,Calcium, Dietary ,Fractures, Bone ,Bone Density ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Life Style ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - Published
- 2001
5. Prevalent appendicular fractures in elderly women are associated with low dexa and ultrasound measurements
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Marangou, A, primary, Devine, A, additional, Dhaliwal, S, additional, and Prince, RL, additional
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- 2000
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6. Calcium alone is effective as calcium & vitamin D in reducing bone markers in elderly women.
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Devine, A, primary, Dick, IM, additional, Wilson, SG, additional, Beilby, J, additional, and Prince, RL, additional
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- 2000
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7. Outcomes of the Australian Osteoporosis Consensus Conference
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Prince, RL, primary
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- 1997
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8. P326 Disease risks for long term users of hormone replacement therapy
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Geelhoed, EA, primary and Prince, RL, additional
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- 1996
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9. P313 The effect of coumestrol and zearalanol on bone loss in the oophorectomized rat
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Draper, C.R., primary, Dick, IM, additional, Edel, M, additional, and Prince, RL, additional
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- 1996
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10. Nutritional effect of calcium supplementation by skim milk powder or calcium tablets on total nutrient intake in postmenopausal women
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Devine, A, primary, Prince, RL, additional, and Bell, R, additional
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- 1996
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11. A longitudinal study of the effect of sodium and calcium intakes on regional bone density in postmenopausal women
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Devine, A, primary, Criddle, RA, additional, Dick, IM, additional, Kerr, DA, additional, and Prince, RL, additional
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- 1995
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12. Intravenous pamidronate for Paget's disease — Optimal dosage for disease suppression
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Gutteridge, DH, primary, Stewart, GO, additional, Stuckey, BGA, additional, Prince, RL, additional, Arnold, CA, additional, Kent, GN, additional, Price, RI, additional, Retallack, RW, additional, Bhagat, CI, additional, Nicholson, GC, additional, Thompson, RI, additional, and Ward, L, additional
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- 1992
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13. ''Timed up and go' test and bone mineral density measurement for fracture prediction.
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Zhu K, Devine A, Lewis JR, Dhaliwal SS, and Prince RL
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- 2011
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14. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D on muscle strength and mobility in older women with vitamin D insufficiency.
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Zhu K, Austin N, Devine A, Bruce D, and Prince RL
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- 2010
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15. Association of back pain frequency with mortality, coronary heart events, mobility, and quality of life in elderly women.
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Zhu K, Devine A, Dick IM, and Prince RL
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- 2007
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16. Effects of calcium supplementation on clinical fracture and bone structure: results of a 5-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in elderly women.
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Prince RL, Devine A, Dhaliwal SS, and Dick IM
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- 2006
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17. Protein consumption is an important predictor of lower limb bone mass in elderly women.
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Devine A, Dick IM, Islam AFM, Dhaliwal SS, and Prince RL
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BACKGROUND: The effect of protein intake on bone density is uncertain, and evidence exists for beneficial effects of both low and high protein intakes. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the relation between protein consumption and bone mass in elderly women with allowance for other lifestyle factors affecting bone metabolism. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of a population-based sample of 1077 women aged 75 +/- 3 y. At baseline, protein consumption was measured with a food-frequency questionnaire, and bone mass and structure were measured by using quantitative ultrasound of the heel. One year later, hip bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Subjects consumed a mean (+/-SD) of 80.5 +/- 27.8 g protein/d (1.19 +/- 0.44 g protein/kg body wt). Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between protein intake and qualitative ultrasound of the heel and BMD after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other nutrients. The dose-response effect was best characterized by protein consumption expressed in tertiles, such that subjects in the lowest tertile (<66 g protein/d) had significantly lower qualitative ultrasound of the heel (1.3%) and hip BMD (2.6%) than did the subjects in the higher tertiles (>87 g protein/d). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that protein intakes for elderly women above current recommendations may be necessary to optimize bone mass. Copyright © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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18. Phenolic acid metabolites as biomarkers for tea- and coffee-derived polyphenol exposure in human subjects.
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Hodgson JM, Chan SY, Puddey IB, Devine A, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Wahlqvist ML, Lukito W, Burke V, Ward NC, Prince RL, and Croft KD
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- 2004
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19. Effects of zinc and other nutritional factors on insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in postmenopausal women.
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Devine A, Rosen C, Mohan S, Baylink D, and Prince RL
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Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a critical factor in the regulation of various physiologic effects, including bone formation and protein metabolism. Nutrient intake is a main regulator of circulating IGF-I. The relation of zinc status and IGF-I in adulthood has not been studied adequately even though suboptimal intakes of zinc are reported widely in the elderly. This study examined the relation between calculated nutrient intakes from 119 postmenopausal women and concentrations of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Dietary intake was evaluated by 4-d weighed diet records at baseline and 2 y. Mean intakes of 25 nutrients were calculated. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBPs were measured by radioimmunoassays at baseline and 2 y. Mean age (63 +/- 4 y), weight (66 +/- 9 kg), and nutrient intake were correlated with the mean IGF-I concentration at baseline (172 +/- 57 microg/L) and 2 y (142 +/- 43 microg/L). IGF-I concentrations were significantly correlated with mean protein and zinc intake at baseline (r = 0.313, P = 0.001; r = 0.298, P = 0.001, respectively) and 2 y (r = 0.256, P = 0.008; r = 0.331, P = 0.001, respectively). After age, weight, and other nutrient intakes were adjusted for in multiple regression at baseline and 2 y, zinc remained the major determinant of IGF-I concentrations. These results suggest that low zinc intake is associated with low IGF-I concentrations in healthy postmenopausal women and that the effects of zinc may be independent of protein intake. Copyright (c) 1998 American Society for Clinical Nutrition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1998
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20. Genome-wide Association Study for Radiographic Vertebral Fractures: A Potential Role for the 16q24 BMD Locus versus Lessons Learned from Challenging Phenotype Definition
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Oei, L, Estrada, K, Duncan, EL, Christiansen, C, Liu, CT, Langdahl, BL, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Riancho, JA, Prince, RL, van Schoor, NM, McCloskey, E, Hsu, YH, Evangelou, E, Ntzani, E, Evans, DM, Alonso, N, Husted, LB, Valero, C, Hernandez, JL, Lewis, JR, Kaptoge, SK, Zhu, K, Cupples, LA, Medina-Gómez, C, Vandenput, L, Kim, GS, Lee, SH, Castaño-Betancourt, MC, Oei, EH, Martinez, J, Daroszewska, A, van der Klift, M, Mellström, D, Herrera, L, Karlsson, MK, Hofman, A, Ljunggren, O, Pols, HA, Stolk, L, van Meurs, JB, Ioannidis, JP, Zillikens, MC, Lips, P, Karasik, D, Uitterlinden, AG, Styrkarsdottir, U, Brown, MA, Koh, JM, Richards, JB, Reeve, J, Ohlsson, C, Ralston, SH, Kiel, DP, and Rivadeneira, F
- Abstract
Vertebral fracture risk is a heritable complex trait. The aim of this study was to identify genetic susceptibility factors for osteoporotic vertebral fractures applying a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. The GWAS discovery was based on the Rotterdam Study, a population-based study of elderly Dutch individuals aged >55years; and comprising 329 cases and 2,666 controls with radiographic scoring (McCloskey-Kanis) and genetic data. Replication of one top-associated SNP was pursued by de-novo genotyping of 15 independent studies across Europe, the United States, Australia and one Asian study. Radiographic vertebral fracture assessment was performed using McCloskey-Kanis or Genant semi-quantitative definitions. SNPs were analyzed in relation to vertebral fracture using logistic regression models corrected for age and sex. Fixed effects inverse variance and Han-Eskin alternative random effects meta-analyses were applied. Genome-wide significance was set at P 1.25) may still be consistent with an effect size
21. Plasma calcitonin levels are not lower than normal in osteoporotic women
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Prince, RL, primary, Dick, IM, additional, and Price, RI, additional
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- 1989
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22. EVIDENCE FOR AN AETIOLOGICAL ROLE FOR ADENOVIRUS TYPE 7 IN THE MESENTERIC ADENITIS SYNDROME
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Prince Rl
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Adenoviridae Infections ,viruses ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,Virus ,Adenovirus Infections, Human ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Coxsackie B virus ,Child ,Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ,business.industry ,Adenoviruses, Human ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,General Medicine ,Appendicitis ,medicine.disease ,Exact test ,Child, Preschool ,Etiology ,Female ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Mesenteric adenitis - Abstract
Previous research has established the relationship between viral infection with adenovirus, influenza B virus and Coxsackie B virus, and mesenteric adenitis. A prospective controlled survey of the incidence of viral infection in mesenteric adenitis was undertaken in children attending a children's hospital over a period of 13 months. Eighteen patients, together with 18 controls who were matched for age, sex, and date of presentation, were studied. There were five cases of adenovirus type 7 infection in the mesenteric adenitis group and none in the control group (P=0.023--Fisher's exact test). The clinical problem at presentation is in differentiating mesenteric adenitis from appendicitis. If further work shows that viral infection is indeed more common in mesenteric adenitis, and is limited to a narrow range of viruses, then rapid identification of these viruses in children with "acute abdomens" would be a valuable aid to differential diagnosis.
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- 1979
23. Habitual chocolate intake and vascular disease: a prospective study of clinical outcomes in older women.
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Lewis JR, Prince RL, Zhu K, Devine A, Thompson PL, and Hodgson JM
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- 2010
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24. Calcium and heart attacks. Editorial was confusing.
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Prince RL, Zhu K, Lewis JR, Cleland JGF, and Witte K
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- 2010
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25. Effects of Ergocalciferol Added to Calcium on the Risk of Falls in Elderly High-Risk Women.
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Prince, RL, Austin, N, Devine, A, Dick, IM, Bruce, D, and Zhu, K
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- *
ERGOCALCIFEROL , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
An abstract of the article "Effects of Ergocalciferol Added to Calcium on the Risk of Falls in Elderly High-Risk Women," by R. L. Prince and colleagues is presented.
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- 2008
26. Reply to A Sebastian.
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Devine A, Dick IM, and Prince RL
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- 2005
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27. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients.
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Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT, Vamvakas EC, Dick IM, Prince RL, Finkelstein JS, Thomas, M K, Lloyd-Jones, D M, Thadhani, R I, Shaw, A C, Deraska, D J, Kitch, B T, Vamvakas, E C, Dick, I M, Prince, R L, and Finkelstein, J S
- Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major risk factor for bone loss and fracture. Although hypovitaminosis D has been detected frequently in elderly and housebound people, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients hospitalized on a general medical service is unknown.Methods: We assessed vitamin D intake, ultraviolet-light exposure, and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D and measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium in 290 consecutive patients on a general medical ward.Results: A total of 164 patients (57 percent) were considered vitamin D-deficient (serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, < or = 15 ng per milliliter), of whom 65 (22 percent) were considered severely vitamin D-deficient (serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, <8 ng per milliliter). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were related inversely to parathyroid hormone concentrations. Lower vitamin D intake, less exposure to ultraviolet light, anticonvulsant-drug therapy, renal dialysis, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, winter season, higher serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and lower serum concentrations of ionized calcium and albumin were significant univariate predictors of hypovitaminosis D. Sixty-nine percent of the patients who consumed less than the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D and 43 percent of the patients with vitamin D intakes above the recommended daily allowance were vitamin D-deficient. Inadequate vitamin D intake, winter season, and housebound status were independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D in a multivariate model. In a subgroup of 77 patients less than 65 years of age without known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 42 percent.Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D is common in general medical inpatients, including those with vitamin D intakes exceeding the recommended daily allowance and those without apparent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1998
28. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution
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Shungin, Dmitry, Winkler, Thomas W, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Hartman, Catharina A, Duncan, Emma L, Ntzani, Evangelia E, Oei, Ling, Albagha, Omar M E, Amin, Najaf, Kemp, John P, Koller, Daniel L, Li, Guo, Liu, Ching-Ti, Minster, Ryan L, Hassinen, Maija, Moayyeri, Alireza, Vandenput, Liesbeth, Willner, Dana, Xiao, Su-Mei, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Zheng, Hou-Feng, Alonso, Nerea, Eriksson, Joel, Kammerer, Candace M, Kaptoge, Stephen K, Hayward, Caroline, Leo, Paul J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Wilson, Scott G, Wilson, James F, Aalto, Ville, Alen, Markku, Aragaki, Aaron K, Aspelund, Thor, Center, Jacqueline R, Dailiana, Zoe, Heikkilä, Kauko, Duggan, David J, Garcia, Melissa, Garcia-Giralt, Natàlia, Giroux, Sylvie, Hallmans, Göran, Hocking, Lynne J, Husted, Lise Bjerre, Jameson, Karen A, Khusainova, Rita, Kim, Ghi Su, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Kooperberg, Charles, Koromila, Theodora, Kruk, Marcin, Laaksonen, Marika, Lacroix, Andrea Z, Lee, Seung Hun, Leung, Ping C, Lewis, Joshua R, Masi, Laura, Mencej-Bedrac, Simona, Helmer, Quinta, Nguyen, Tuan V, Nogues, Xavier, Patel, Millan S, Prezelj, Janez, Rose, Lynda M, Scollen, Serena, Siggeirsdottir, Kristin, Smith, Albert V, Svensson, Olle, Trompet, Stella, Hillege, Hans L, Trummer, Olivia, van Schoor, Natasja M, Woo, Jean, Zhu, Kun, Balcells, Susana, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Buckley, Brendan M, Cheng, Sulin, Christiansen, Claus, Cooper, Cyrus, Holmen, Oddgeir, Dedoussis, George, Ford, Ian, Frost, Morten, Goltzman, David, González-Macías, Jesús, Kähönen, Mika, Karlsson, Magnus, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Koh, Jung-Min, Kollia, Panagoula, Hunt, Steven C, Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Leslie, William D, Lips, Paul, Ljunggren, Östen, Lorenc, Roman S, Marc, Janja, Mellström, Dan, Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Olmos, José M, Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika, Isaacs, Aaron, Reid, David M, Riancho, José A, Ridker, Paul M, Rousseau, François, Slagboom, P Eline, Tang, Nelson L S, Urreizti, Roser, Van Hul, Wim, Viikari, Jorma, Zarrabeitia, María T, Wu, Joseph M W, Ittermann, Till, Aulchenko, Yurii S, Castano-Betancourt, Martha, Grundberg, Elin, Herrera, Lizbeth, Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur, Johannsdottir, Hrefna, Kwan, Tony, Li, Rui, Luben, Robert, Medina-Gómez, Carolina, James, Alan L, Palsson, Stefan Th, Reppe, Sjur, Rotter, Jerome I, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, van Meurs, Joyce B J, Verlaan, Dominique, Williams, Frances M K, Wood, Andrew R, Zhou, Yanhua, Gautvik, Kaare M, Johansson, Ingegerd, Pastinen, Tomi, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Cauley, Jane A, Chasman, Daniel I, Clark, Graeme R, Cummings, Steven R, Danoy, Patrick, Dennison, Elaine M, Eastell, Richard, Eisman, John A, Juliusdottir, Thorhildur, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hofman, Albert, Jackson, Rebecca D, Jones, Graeme, Jukema, J Wouter, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Liu, Yongmei, Lorentzon, Mattias, McCloskey, Eugene, Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota, Mitchell, Braxton D, Nandakumar, Kannabiran, Nicholson, Geoffrey C, Oostra, Ben A, Peacock, Munro, Pols, Huibert A P, Prince, Richard L, Raitakari, Olli, Reid, Ian R, Robbins, John, Kinnunen, Leena, Sambrook, Philip N, Sham, Pak Chung, Shuldiner, Alan R, Tylavsky, Frances A, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Wareham, Nick J, Cupples, L Adrienne, Econs, Michael J, Evans, David M, Harris, Tamara B, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kung, Annie Wai Chee, Psaty, Bruce M, Reeve, Jonathan, Spector, Timothy D, Streeten, Elizabeth A, Zillikens, M Carola, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Ohlsson, Claes, Karasik, David, Richards, J Brent, Kooner, Ishminder K, Brown, Matthew A, Stefansson, Kari, Uitterlinden, André G, Ralston, Stuart H, Ioannidis, John P A, Kiel, Douglas P, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Sandholm, Niina, Salem, Rany M, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Brennan, Eoin P, Forsblom, Carol, Isakova, Tamara, McKay, Gareth J, Williams, Winfred W, Sadlier, Denise M, Mäkinen, Ville-Petteri, Swan, Elizabeth J, Palmer, Cameron, Boright, Andrew P, Lamina, Claudia, Ahlqvist, Emma, Deshmukh, Harshal A, Keller, Benjamin J, Huang, Huateng, Ahola, Aila, Fagerholm, Emma, Gordin, Daniel, Harjutsalo, Valma, He, Bing, Heikkilä, Outi, Buchkovich, Martin L, Leander, Karin, Hietala, Kustaa, Kytö, Janne, Lahermo, Päivi, Lehto, Markku, Österholm, Anne-May, Parkkonen, Maija, Pitkäniemi, Janne, Rosengård-Bärlund, Milla, Saraheimo, Markku, Sarti, Cinzia, Lee, Nanette R, Söderlund, Jenny, Soro-Paavonen, Aino, Syreeni, Anna, Thorn, Lena M, Tikkanen, Heikki, Tolonen, Nina, Tryggvason, Karl, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Wadén, Johan, Gill, Geoffrey V, Lichtner, Peter, Prior, Sarah, Guiducci, Candace, Mirel, Daniel B, Taylor, Andrew, Hosseini, Mohsen, Parving, Hans-Henrik, Rossing, Peter, Tarnow, Lise, Ladenvall, Claes, Alhenc-Gelas, François, Lind, Lars, Lefebvre, Pierre, Rigalleau, Vincent, Roussel, Ronan, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Maestroni, Anna, Maestroni, Silvia, Falhammar, Henrik, Gu, Tianwei, Möllsten, Anna, Cimponeriu, Dan, Lindström, Jaana, Mihai, Ioana, Mota, Maria, Mota, Eugen, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Stavarachi, Monica, Hanson, Robert L, Nelson, Robert G, Kretzler, Matthias, Colhoun, Helen M, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Lobbens, Stéphane, Gu, Harvest F, Brismar, Kerstin, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Hadjadj, Samy, Marre, Michel, Groop, Leif, Lajer, Maria, Bull, Shelley B, Waggott, Daryl, Paterson, Andrew D, Savage, David A, Bain, Stephen C, Martin, Finian, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Godson, Catherine, Florez, Jose C, Groop, Per-Henrik, Maxwell, Alexander P, Willer, Cristen J, Schmidt, Ellen M, Mach, François, Sengupta, Sebanti, Peloso, Gina M, Gustafsson, Stefan, Kanoni, Stavroula, Ganna, Andrea, Chen, Jin, Mora, Samia, Beckmann, Jacques S, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Demirkan, Ayşe, Den Hertog, Heleen M, Do, Ron, Donnelly, Louise A, Ehret, Georg B, Esko, Tõnu, Feitosa, Mary F, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Mahajan, Anubha, Fontanillas, Pierre, Fraser, Ross M, Freitag, Daniel F, Gurdasani, Deepti, Hyppönen, Elina, Jackson, Anne U, Johansson, Åsa, Johnson, Toby, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, McArdle, Wendy L, Kaakinen, Marika, Kettunen, Johannes, Kleber, Marcus E, Li, Xiaohui, Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mangino, Massimo, Mihailov, Evelin, Montasser, May E, Menni, Cristina, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nolte, Ilja M, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Palmer, Cameron D, Perola, Markus, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Service, Susan K, Shah, Sonia, Merger, Sigrun, Sidore, Carlo, Song, Ci, Strawbridge, Rona J, Surakka, Ida, Tanaka, Toshiko, Teslovich, Tanya M, Van den Herik, Evita G, Voight, Benjamin F, Volcik, Kelly A, Waite, Lindsay L, Wong, Andrew, Wu, Ying, Zhang, Weihua, Absher, Devin, Asiki, Gershim, Barroso, Inês, Been, Latonya F, Bolton, Jennifer L, Milani, Lili, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Brambilla, Paolo, Burnett, Mary S, Cesana, Giancarlo, Dimitriou, Maria, Doney, Alex S F, Döring, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Epstein, Stephen E, Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi, Mills, Rebecca, Gigante, Bruna, Goodarzi, Mark O, Grallert, Harald, Gravito, Martha L, Groves, Christopher J, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hernandez, Dena, Hicks, Andrew A, Holm, Hilma, Hung, Yi-Jen, Illig, Thomas, Jones, Michelle R, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kastelein, John J P, Kim, Eric, Klopp, Norman, Komulainen, Pirjo, Monda, Keri L, Kumari, Meena, Langenberg, Claudia, Lin, Shih-Yi, Loos, Ruth J F, Meisinger, Christa, Mooijaart, Simon P, Müller, Gabrielle, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Narisu, Narisu, Nieminen, Tuomo V M, Nsubuga, Rebecca N, Olafsson, Isleifur, Ong, Ken K, Palotie, Aarno, Papamarkou, Theodore, Pomilla, Cristina, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Pouta, Anneli, Rader, Daniel J, Reilly, Muredach P, Rudan, Igor, Ruokonen, Aimo, Samani, Nilesh, Scharnagl, Hubert, Seeley, Janet, Roman, Tamara S, Mulas, Antonella, Silander, Kaisa, Stančáková, Alena, Stirrups, Kathleen, Swift, Amy J, Tiret, Laurence, Uitterlinden, Andre G, van Pelt, L Joost, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wainwright, Nicholas, Wijmenga, Cisca, Müller, Gabriele, Wild, Sarah H, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Young, Elizabeth H, Zhao, Jing Hua, Adair, Linda S, Arveiler, Dominique, Assimes, Themistocles L, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bennett, Franklyn, Bochud, Murielle, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borecki, Ingrid B, Bornstein, Stefan R, Bovet, Pascal, Burnier, Michel, Campbell, Harry, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chambers, John C, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Collins, Francis S, Cooper, Richard S, Danesh, John, de Faire, Ulf, Feranil, Alan B, Ferrières, Jean, Ferrucci, Luigi, Nalls, Michael A, Freimer, Nelson B, Gieger, Christian, Groop, Leif C, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hamsten, Anders, Hingorani, Aroon, Hovingh, G Kees, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Humphries, Steve E, Hveem, Kristian, Iribarren, Carlos, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jula, Antti, Kaprio, Jaakko, Glorioso, Nicola, Kesäniemi, Antero, Kivimaki, Mika, Kooner, Jaspal S, Koudstaal, Peter J, Krauss, Ronald M, Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Martin, Nicholas G, März, Winfried, McCarthy, Mark I, McKenzie, Colin A, Meneton, Pierre, Metspalu, Andres, Moilanen, Leena, Morris, Andrew D, Olden, Matthias, Munroe, Patricia B, Njølstad, Inger, Pedersen, Nancy L, Power, Chris, Pramstaller, Peter P, Price, Jackie F, Quertermous, Thomas, Rauramaa, Rainer, Saleheen, Danish, Rayner, Nigel W, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanghera, Dharambir K, Saramies, Jouko, Schwarz, Peter E H, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Siegbahn, Agneta, Spector, Tim D, Strachan, David P, Drong, Alexander W, Renstrom, Frida, Tayo, Bamidele O, Tremoli, Elena, Uusitupa, Matti, Vollenweider, Peter, Wallentin, Lars, Wareham, Nicholas J, Whitfield, John B, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R, Ried, Janina S, Ordovas, Jose M, Boerwinkle, Eric, Palmer, Colin N A, Franks, Paul W, Ripatti, Samuli, Sandhu, Manjinder S, Robertson, Neil R, Rich, Stephen S, Boehnke, Michael, Deloukas, Panos, Kathiresan, Sekar, Mohlke, Karen L, Ingelsson, Erik, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Caulfield, Mark, Chasman, Dan, Ehret, Georg, Johnson, Andrew, Johnson, Louise, Larson, Martin, Levy, Daniel, Munroe, Patricia, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, O'Reilly, Paul, Palmas, Walter, Psaty, Bruce, Rice, Kenneth, Smith, Albert, Snider, Harold, Tobin, Martin, Van Duijn, Cornelia, Verwoert, Germaine, Rice, Kenneth M, Johnson, Andrew D, Tobin, Martin D, Verwoert, Germaine C, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Pihur, Vasyl, Scholtens, Salome, O'Reilly, Paul F, Teumer, Alexander, Glazer, Nicole L, Launer, Lenore, Aulchenko, Yurii, Heath, Simon, Sennblad, Bengt, Sõber, Siim, Parsa, Afshin, Arora, Pankaj, Dehghan, Abbas, Zhang, Feng, Lucas, Gavin, Peden, John F, Seufferlein, Thomas, Igl, Wilmar, Milaneschi, Yuri, Parker, Alex N, Fava, Cristiano, Fox, Ervin R, Sitlani, Colleen M, Go, Min Jin, van der Harst, Pim, Kao, Wen Hong Linda, Sjögren, Marketa, Vinay, D. G., Alexander, Myriam, Tabara, Yasuharu, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Whincup, Peter H, Smith, Albert Vernon, Shi, Gang, Tayo, Bamidele, Seielstad, Mark, Sim, Xueling, Nguyen, Khanh-Dung Hoang, Matullo, Giuseppe, Gaunt, Tom R, Onland-Moret, N Charlotte, Cooper, Matthew N, Platou, Carl G P, Org, Elin, Hardy, Rebecca, Dahgam, Santosh, Palmen, Jutta, Vitart, Veronique, Braund, Peter S, Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Stringham, Heather M, Uiterwaal, Cuno S P M, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Ludwig, Barbara, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Palmer, Nicholette D, Sundström, Johan, Chang, Yen-Pei C, Steinle, Nanette I, Grobbee, Diederick E, Arking, Dan E, Kardia, Sharon L, Morrison, Alanna C, Najjar, Samer, Swertz, Morris A, Hadley, David, Brown, Morris J, Connell, John M, Hingorani, Aroon D, Day, Ian N M, Lawlor, Debbie A, Beilby, John P, Lawrence, Robert W, Clarke, Robert, Collins, Rory, Hopewell, Jemma C, Ongen, Halit, Dreisbach, Albert W, Li, Yali, Young, J. H., Bis, Joshua C, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Chen, Ming-Huei, Pattaro, Cristian, Bolton, Judith A Hoffman, Köttgen, Anna, Bergmann, Sven, Mooser, Vincent, Chaturvedi, Nish, Frayling, Timothy M, Islam, Muhammad, Jafar, Tazeen H, Erdmann, Jeanette, Kulkarni, Smita R, Grässler, Jürgen, Howard, Philip, Thorand, Barbara, Guarrera, Simonetta, Ricceri, Fulvio, Emilsson, Valur, Plump, Andrew, Weder, Alan B, Sun, Yan V, Bergman, Richard N, Scott, Laura J, Peltonen, Leena, Vartiainen, Erkki, Brand, Stefan-Martin, Staessen, Jan A, Wang, Thomas J, Tomaschitz, Andreas, Burton, Paul R, Artigas, Maria Soler, Dong, Yanbin, Snieder, Harold, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhu, Haidong, Lohman, Kurt K, Rudock, Megan E, Heckbert, Susan R, Smith, Nicholas L, Troffa, Chiara, Wiggins, Kerri L, Doumatey, Ayo, Shriner, Daniel, Veldre, Gudrun, Viigimaa, Margus, Kinra, Sanjay, Prabhakaran, Dorairajan, Tripathy, Vikal, Langefeld, Carl D, Rosengren, Annika, van Oort, Floor Va, Thelle, Dag S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Singleton, Andrew, Forrester, Terrence, Hilton, Gina, Salako, Tunde, Iwai, Naoharu, Kita, Yoshikuni, Ogihara, Toshio, Verweij, Niek, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Okamura, Tomonori, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Umemura, Satoshi, Eyheramendy, Susana, Meitinger, Thomas, Wichmann, H-Erich, Cho, Yoon Shin, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Lee, Jong-Young, Vonk, Judith M, Scott, James, Sehmi, Joban S, Hedblad, Bo, Nilsson, Peter, Smith, George Davey, Stanèáková, Alena, Raffel, Leslie J, Yao, Jie, O'Donnell, Chris, Schwartz, Stephen M, Ikram, M Arfan, Longstreth, W. T., Mosley, Thomas H, Seshadri, Sudha, Shrine, Nick R G, Wain, Louise V, Wennauer, Roman, Morken, Mario A, Laitinen, Jaana, Prokopenko, Inga, Zitting, Paavo, Cooper, Jackie A, Rasheed, Asif, Goel, Anuj, Watkins, Hugh, Bakker, Stephan J L, van Gilst, Wiek H, Janipalli, Charles S, Mani, K Radha, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S, Mattace-Raso, Francesco U S, Wojczynski, Mary K, Demirkan, Ayse, Lakatta, Edward G, Orru, Marco, Scuteri, Angelo, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Kangas, Antti J, Soininen, Pasi, Tukiainen, Taru, Würtz, Peter, Ong, Rick Twee-Hee, Dörr, Marcus, Kroemer, Heyo K, Völker, Uwe, Völzke, Henry, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Lathrop, Mark, Day, Felix R, Zhang, Qunyuan, Zelenika, Diana, Zhai, Guangju, Meschia, James F, Sharma, Pankaj, Terzic, Janos, Kumar, M J Kranthi, Denniff, Matthew, Zukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Charchar, Fadi J, Guo, Xiuqing, Rotimi, Charles, Bots, Michiel L, Brand, Eva, Samani, Nilesh J, Polasek, Ozren, Talmud, Philippa J, Nyberg, Fredrik, Laan, Maris, Palmer, Lyle J, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Choi, Murim, Casas, Juan P, Vineis, Paolo, Ganesh, Santhi K, Wong, Tien Y, Tai, E Shyong, Rao, Dabeeru C, Eriksson, Per, Morris, Richard W, Dominiczak, Anna F, Marmot, Michael G, Miki, Tetsuro, Chandak, Giriraj R, Coresh, Josef, Navis, Gerjan, Folkersen, Lasse, Han, Bok-Ghee, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Melander, Olle, Gyllensten, Ulf B, Wright, Alan F, Franco-Cereceda, Anders, Farrall, Martin, Elosua, Roberto, Soranzo, Nicole, Sijbrands, Eric J G, Altshuler, David, Gharavi, Ali G, Rettig, Rainer, Uda, Manuela, Witteman, Jacqueline C M, Hedman, Åsa K, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Larson, Martin G, Hivert, Marie-France, Caulfield, Mark J, Anderson, Carl A, Gordon, Scott D, Guo, Qun, Henders, Anjali K, Esko, Tonu, Huang, Jinyan, Lambert, Ann, Lee, Sang Hong, Kraft, Peter, Kennedy, Stephen H, Macgregor, Stuart, Missmer, Stacey A, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Andrew P, Nyholt, Dale R, Painter, Jodie N, Roseman, Fenella, Treloar, Susan A, Visscher, Peter M, Wallace, Leanne, Zondervan, Krina T, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z, de Boer, Rudolf A, Boezen, H Marike, Bruinenberg, Marcel, Karpe, Fredrik, Franke, Lude, van der Klauw, Melanie M, Ormel, Johan, Postma, Dirkje S, Rosmalen, Judith G M, Slaets, Joris P, Keildson, Sarah, Stolk, Ronald P, Scott, Robert A, Lagou, Vasiliki, Welch, Ryan P, Wheeler, Eleanor, Mägi, Reedik, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Rehnberg, Emil, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J, Yengo, Loïc, Lecoeur, Cecile, Liang, Liming, Johnson, Paul C D, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Lifton, Richard P, Salo, Perttu, Timpson, Nicholas J, St Pourcain, Beate, Andrews, Jeanette S, Hui, Jennie, Bielak, Lawrence F, Ma, Baoshan, Zhao, Wei, Horikoshi, Momoko, Navarro, Pau, Esko, Tönu, McKnight, Amy J, Fall, Tove, Chen, Han, Robertson, Neil, Rybin, Denis, McPherson, Ruth, Willems, Sara M, Chines, Peter S, Kang, Hyun Min, Song, Kijoung, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, An, Ping, Marullo, Letizia, Jansen, Hanneke, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Min, Josine L, Pankow, James S, North, Kari E, Forouhi, Nita G, Edkins, Sarah, Varga, Tibor V, Oksa, Heikki, Antonella, Mulas, Moffatt, Miriam F, Kong, Augustine, Herder, Christian, Antti, Jula, Small, Kerrin, Miljkovic, Iva, Atalay, Mustafa, Kiess, Wieland, Murabito, Joanne M, Smit, Johannes H, Campbell, Susan, Fowkes, Gerard R, Nicholson, George, Kovacs, Peter, Zemunik, Tatijana, Basart, Hanneke V, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Maerz, Winfried, Peters, Annette, Province, Michael A, Hastie, Nicholas D, Olsson, Christian, Stumvoll, Michael, Waterworth, Dawn M, Watanabe, Richard M, de Geus, Eco J C, Penninx, Brenda W, Perry, John Rb, Reinmaa, Eva, Dedoussis, George V, Kutalik, Zoltán, Toenjes, Anke, Peyser, Patricia A, Körner, Antje, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M, Schadt, Eric E, Saaristo, Timo E, Dupuis, Josée, Sattar, Naveed, Cucca, Francesco, Balkau, Beverley, Froguel, Philippe, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Stolk, Lisette, Meigs, James B, Ahmadi, Kourosh R, Ainali, Chrysanthi, Barrett, Amy, Vallejo, 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Kocarnik, Jonathan, Investigators, MAGIC, Lin, Yi, Jackson, Rebecca, Duggan, David, Kuller, Lew, Perry, John R B, He, Chunyan, Sulem, Patrick, Consortium, MuTHER, Barbalic, Maja, Broer, Linda, Byrne, Enda M, Ernst, Florian, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, McArdle, Patick F, Consortium, PAGE, Porcu, Eleonora, van Wingerden, Sophie, Zhuang, Wei V, Albrecht, Eva, Randall, Joshua C, Consortium, ReproGen, Lauc, Lovorka Barac, Boban, Mladen, Broekmans, Frank J, Burri, Andrea, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Constance, Cornelis, Marilyn C, Amouyel, Philippe, Corre, Tanguy, Coviello, Andrea D, d'Adamo, Pio, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George V Z, Deloukas, Panagiotis, Ebrahim, Shah, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Eriksson, Johan G, Fauser, Bart C J M, Ferreli, Liana, Folsom, Aaron R, Garcia, Melissa E, Gasparini, Paolo, Bakker, Stephan Jl, Glazer, Nicole, Hall, Per, Haller, Toomas, Hankinson, Susan E, Hass, Merli, Heath, Andrew C, Beilby, John, Janssens, A Cecile J W, Kardia, Sharon L R, Keyzer, Jules, Kolcic, Ivana, Lahti, Jari, Lai, Sandra, Laisk, Triin, Laven, Joop S E, Liu, Jianjun, Lopez, Lorna M, Louwers, Yvonne V, Marongiu, Mara, Blangero, John, Klaric, Irena Martinovic, Masciullo, Corrado, McKnight, Barbara, Medland, Sarah E, Melzer, David, Newman, Anne B, Paré, Guillaume, Peeters, Petra H M, Pistis, Giorgio, Plump, Andrew S, Pop, Victor J M, Räikkönen, Katri, Sala, Cinzia, Salumets, Andres, Smith, Jennifer A, Stacey, Simon N, Starr, John M, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, Tenesa, Albert, Scherag, André, Toniolo, Daniela, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Tsui, Kim, Ulivi, Sheila, van Dam, Rob M, van Gils, Carla H, van Nierop, Peter, Vink, Jacqueline M, Voorhuis, Marlies, Waeber, Gérard, Wallaschofski, Henri, Wichmann, H Erich, Widen, Elisabeth, Wijnands-van Gent, Colette J M, Claudi-Boehm, Simone, Zgaga, Lina, Zygmunt, Marek, Arnold, Alice M, Buring, Julie E, Crisponi, Laura, Demerath, Ellen W, Hu, Frank B, Hunter, David J, Launer, Lenore J, Crawford, Dana C, Schlessinger, David, Murray, Anna, Visser, Jenny A, Lunetta, Kathryn L, Elks, Cathy E, Cousminer, Diana L, Feenstra, Bjarke, Lin, Peng, de Geus, Eco Jc, McArdle, Patrick F, van Wingerden, Sophie W, Smith, Erin N, Ulivi, Shelia, Warrington, Nicole M, Alavere, Helen, Erbel, Raimund, Barroso, Ines, Berenson, Gerald S, Blackburn, Hannah, Busonero, Fabio, Chen, Wei, Couper, David, Easton, Douglas F, Eriksson, Johan, Foroud, Tatiana, Geller, Frank, Ferrannini, Ele, Hernandez, Dena G, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, Li, Shengxu, Melbye, Mads, Murray, Jeffrey C, Murray, Sarah S, Nelis, Mari, Ness, Andrew R, Northstone, Kate, Franco, Oscar H, Pennell, Craig E, Pharoah, Paul, Rafnar, Thorunn, Rice, John P, Ring, Susan M, Gansevoort, Ron T, Schork, Nicholas J, Segrè, Ayellet V, Sovio, Ulla, Srinivasan, Sathanur R, Tammesoo, Mar-Liis, Tikkanen, Emmi, Tyrer, Jonathon, van Meurs, Joyve B J, Waeber, Gerard, Weedon, Michael N, Haiman, Christopher A, Young, Lauren, Zhuang, Wei Vivian, Bierut, Laura J, Boyd, Heather A, Hattersley, Andrew T, Schreiber, Stefan, Heliövaara, Markku, Hoffmann, Wolfgang, Homuth, Georg, Johansen, Berit, Jousilahti, Pekka, Jula, Antti M, Kee, Frank, Fehrmann, Rudolf, Kraja, Aldi T, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Le Marchand, Loic, Karjalainen, Juha, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Männistö, Satu, Marette, André, Matise, Tara C, Musk, Arthur W, Möhlenkamp, Stefan, Kahali, Bratati, Raitakari, Olli T, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rao, D. C., Rice, Treva K, Ritchie, Marylyn D, Sarzynski, Mark A, Schwarz, Peter Eh, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Strauch, Konstantin, Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Angelo, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Witteman, Jacqueline C, Bouchard, Claude, Cauchi, Stéphane, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Anderson, Denise, Palmer, Colin Na, Beekman, Marian, Pérusse, Louis, Sinisalo, Juha, Veronesi, Giovanni, Buyske, Steven, Walker, Mark, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Berndt, Sonja I, Kaplan, Robert C, Qi, Lu, Locke, Adam E, Yang, Jian, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Fox, Caroline S, Heid, Iris M, Loos, Ruth Jf, Dastani, Zari, Timpson, Nicholas, Yuan, Xin, Henneman, Peter, Kizer, Jorge R, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Fuchsberger, Christian, Coassin, Stefan, Lohman, Kurt, Uh, Hae-Won, Bidulescu, Aurelian, Greenwood, Celia M T, Ladouceur, Martin, Grimsby, Jonna, Manning, Alisa K, Kooner, Jaspal, Mooser, Vincent E, Kapur, Karen A, Chambers, John, Frants, Rune, Willemsvan-vanDijk, Ko, Kristiansson, Kati, Winkler, Thomas, Tracy, Russell P, Brody, Jennifer, Chen, Ida, Wood, Andy, Carlson, Olga D, Egan, Josephine M, Böhringer, Stefan, van Heemst, Diana, Kedenko, Lyudmyla, Leach, Irene Mateo, Nuotio, Marja-Liisa, Loo, Britt-Marie, Harris, Tamara, Kanaya, Alka, Haun, Margot, Katsareli, Efi, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Couper, David J, Duncan, Bruce B, Kloppenburg, Margreet, Borja, Judith B, Wilson, James G, Musani, Solomon, Semple, Robert, Allison, Matthew A, Redline, Susan, Buxbaum, Sarah G, Meulenbelt, Ingrid, Ballantyne, Christie M, Pasko, Dorota, Paulweber, Bernhard, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Siscovick, David S, Kronenberg, Florian, van Duijn, Cornelia, Peters, Marjolein J, Dupuis, Josee, Richards, John Brent, Willenborg, Christina, Thompson, John R, Goldstein, Benjamin A, König, Inke R, Cazier, Jean-Baptiste, Hall, Alistair S, Havulinna, Aki S, Ho, Weang K, Eriksson, Niclas, Sung, Yun Ju, Lundmark, Per, Rafelt, Suzanne, Van Zuydam, Natalie, Ziegler, Andreas, Balmforth, Anthony J, Burgdorf, Christof, Cox, David, El Mokhtari, NourEddine, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V, Hager, Jörg, Hunt, Sarah E, Kang, Hyun M, Kessler, Thorsten, Knowles, Joshua W, Kolovou, Genovefa, Langford, Cordelia, Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Lundmark, Anders, Maouche, Seraya, Nikus, Kjell, Rayner, N William, Rosinger, Silke, Rubin, Diana, Rumpf, Moritz P, Schäfer, Arne, Sivananthan, Mohan, Stewart, Alexandre F R, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, van der Schoot, C Ellen, Wagner, Peter J, Wells, George A, Wild, Philipp S, Ärnlöv, Johan, Basart, Hanneke, Cambien, Francois, Cupples, Adrienne L, Arscott, Gillian M, Diemert, Patrick, Evans, Alun, Ferrario, Marco M, Gauguier, Dominique, Go, Alan S, Goodall, Alison H, Gudnason, Villi, Hazen, Stanley L, Jang, Yangsoo, Kim, Hyo-Soo, Laaksonen, Reijo, Lee, Ji-Young, Ouwehand, Willem H, Parish, Sarah, Park, Jeong E, Bellis, Claire, Schadt, Eric, Shah, Svati H, Stark, Klaus, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Virtamo, Jarmo, Bennett, Amanda J, Wareham, Nicholas, Zimmermann, Martina E, Nieminen, Markku S, Hengstenberg, Christian, Berne, Christian, Zalloua, Pierre A, Blankenberg, Stefan S, Pers, Tune H, Blüher, Matthias, O'Donnell, Christopher, Roberts, Robert, Schunkert, Heribert, Garnaas, Maija, Böger, Carsten A, Bonnet, Fabrice, Tin, Adrienne, Taliun, Daniel, Li, Man, Gao, Xiaoyi, Gorski, Mathias, Yang, Qiong, Hundertmark, Claudia, Böttcher, Yvonne, Foster, Meredith C, O'Seaghdha, Conall M, Struchalin, Maksim, Gierman, Hinco J, Feitosa, Mary, Atkinson, Elizabeth J, Carba, Delia B, Chouraki, Vincent, Holliday, Elizabeth G, Sorice, Rossella, Kutalik, Zoltan, Deshmukh, Harshal, Chu, Audrey Y, Murgia, Federico, Caspersen, Ida H, Imboden, Medea, Kollerits, Barbara, Schmidt, Helena, Cavalieri, Margherita, Rao, Madhumathi, de Andrade, Mariza, Turner, Stephen T, Ding, Jingzhong, Daw, E Warwick, Freedman, Barry I, Wichmann, H -Erich, Minelli, Cosetta, Wheeler, Heather E, Deelen, Joris, Zaboli, Ghazal, Ellinghaus, David, Nöthlings, Ute, Jacobs, Gunnar, Biffar, Reiner, Endlich, Karlhans, Nauck, Matthias, Stracke, Sylvia, Delgado, Graciela, Hastie, Nick, Helmer, Catherine, Wang, Jie Jin, Ruggiero, Daniela, Doney, Alex Sf, Nikopensius, Tiit, Province, Michael, Ketkar, Shamika, Colhoun, Helen, Doney, Alex, Robino, Antonietta, Giulianini, Franco, Eklund, Niina, Krämer, Bernhard K, Portas, Laura, Adam, Martin, Thun, Gian-Andri, Metzger, Marie, Erdos, Michael R, Mitchell, Paul, Ciullo, Marina, Kim, Stuart K, Palmer, Colin, Pirastu, Mario, Estrada, Karol, Probst-Hensch, Nicole M, Schmidt, Reinhold, Eury, Elodie, Borecki, Ingrid, Curhan, Gary C, Franke, Andre, Friedrich, Nele, Ridker, Paul, Goessling, Wolfram, Kao, W H Linda, de Boer, Ian H, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Peralta, Carmen A, Justice, Anne E, Akylbekova, Ermeg, Kramer, Holly, Golay, Alain, Egan, Josephine, Reilly, Muredach, Townsend, Raymond R, Lumley, Thomas, Kestenbaum, Bryan, Haritunians, Talin, Waterworth, Dawn, Lu, Xiaoning, Grammer, Tanja B, Leak, Tennille S, Aasarød, Knut, Skorpen, Frank, Baumert, Jens, Devuyst, 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H. L., Evangelou, Evangelos, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, ADIPOGen Consortium, CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, CKDGen Consortium, GEFOS Consortium, GENIE Consortium, International Endogene Consortium, LifeLines Cohort Study, MAGIC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, PAGE Consortium, ReproGen Consortium, GLGC, ICBP, Dastani, Z., Hivert, MF., Timpson, N., Perry, JR., Yuan, X., Scott, RA., Henneman, P., Heid, IM., Kizer, JR., Lyytikainen, LP., Fuchsberger, C., Tanaka, T., Morris, AP., Small, K., Isaacs, A., Beekman, M., Coassin, S., Lohman, K., Qi, L., Kanoni, S., Pankow, JS., Uh, HW., Wu, Y., Bidulescu, A., Rasmussen-Torvik, LJ., Greenwood, CM., Ladouceur, M., Grimsby, J., Manning, AK., Liu, CT., Kooner, J., Mooser, VE., Vollenweider, P., Kapur, KA., Chambers, J., Wareham, NJ., Langenberg, C., Frants, R., Willemsvan-vanDijk, K., Oostra, BA., Willems, SM., Lamina, C., Winkler, T., Psaty, BM., Tracy, RP., Brody, J., Chen, I., Viikari, J., Kähönen, M., Pramstaller, PP., Evans, DM., St Pourcain, B., Sattar, N., 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Haessler, J., Kocarnik, J., Lin, Y., Jackson, R., Duggan, D., Kuller, L., Stolk, L., He, C., Sulem, P., Barbalic, M., Broer, L., Byrne, EM., Gudbjartsson, DF., McArdle, PF., Porcu, E., van Wingerden, S., Zhuang, W., Albrecht, E., Alizadeh, BZ., Lauc, LB., Broekmans, FJ., Burri, A., Chanock, SJ., Chen, C., Corre, T., Coviello, AD., d'Adamo, P., Davies, G., Deary, IJ., Ebrahim, S., Fauser, BC., Ferreli, L., Folsom, AR., Garcia, ME., Hall, P., Haller, T., Hankinson, SE., Hass, M., Heath, AC., Janssens, AC., Keyzer, J., Lahti, J., Lai, S., Laisk, T., Laven, JS., Liu, J., Lopez, LM., Louwers, YV., Marongiu, M., Klaric, IM., Masciullo, C., McKnight, B., Medland, SE., Melzer, D., Newman, AB., Paré, G., Peeters, PH., Plump, AS., Pop, VJ., Räikkönen, K., Salumets, A., Smith, JA., Stacey, SN., Starr, JM., Stathopoulou, MG., Tenesa, A., Thorand, B., Tryggvadottir, L., Tsui, K., van Dam RM., van Gils CH., van Nierop, P., Vink, JM., Voorhuis, M., Wallaschofski, H., Widen, E., Wijnands-van Gent CJ., Zgaga, L., Zygmunt, M., Arnold, AM., Buring, JE., Crisponi, L., Demerath, EW., Hunter, DJ., Schlessinger, D., Murray, A., Murabito, JM., Visser, JA., Lunetta, KL., Elks, CE., Cousminer, DL., Feenstra, B., Lin, P., van Wingerden SW., Smith, EN., Warrington, NM., Alavere, H., Barroso, I., Berenson, GS., Blackburn, H., Busonero, F., Chen, W., Couper, D., Easton, DF., Foroud, T., Geller, F., Hernandez, DG., Kilpeläinen, TO., Li, S., Melbye, M., Murray, JC., Murray, SS., Nelis, M., Ness, AR., Northstone, K., Pennell, CE., Pharoah, P., Rafnar, T., Rice, JP., Ring, SM., Schork, NJ., Segrè, AV., Sovio, U., Srinivasan, SR., Tammesoo, ML., Tyrer, J., Weedon, MN., Wichmann, H., Young, L., Zhuang, WV., Bierut, LJ., Boyd, HA., Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund], Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Umea University Hospital, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Southeast University [Jiangsu]-School of Computer Science and Engineering, Limnology, Ecology, Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Medical Genetics, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, King‘s College London, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland-Kuopio University Hospital, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Centre Groningen, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Medical Department III, Universität Leipzig, Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI), Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medstar Research Institute, Genetics and Pathology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Department of Odontology, Cariology, Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Royal Aberdeen Childrens Hospital, UCL Institute of neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen [Groningen], deCODE Genetics, deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & Epidemiology, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG)-Beatrix Children's Hospital-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Concord Hospital, Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Dept. Atherosclerose, Kidney Center, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of cardiology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Metabolic Science, Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Executive Board, Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity (PKD Charity)-Ciliopathy Alliance-International Alliance, Department of Zoology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Institute for Community Medicine, Department Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, 5 University Street, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College of London [London] (UCL), MRC Centre for Epidemiology of Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland-Institute of Biomedicine, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere [Finland]-Tampere University Hospital, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, University of Gothenburg (GU)-Institute of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital (TYKS), Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leicester], University of Leicester, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Recherches en Psychopathologie, nouveaux symptômes et lien social (EA 4050), Université de Poitiers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Institut de biologie de Lille - UMS 3702 (IBL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS Klinikum Stralsund Hanseatic-Greifswald University Hospital, Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, MRC National Survey of Health and Development, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Department of Public Health, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [Leiden, Netherlands] (NCHA), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, MRC epidemiology Unit, Institute of Epidemiology, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Department of Oncology, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC)-UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health-Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Metabolic Disease Group, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital-Medical Research Council (MRC), Framingham Heart Study, Boston University [Boston] (BU)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital-Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Landsteiner Laboratory, Clinical Haematology, Other departments, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques (EGID), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), German Research Center for Environmental Health, University of Bonn, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Yale University School of Medicine, University of Oxford [Oxford], German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Laval University, Laval University [Québec], Turku University Hospital, Lausanne university hospital, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI)-Boston University [Boston] (BU), Internal Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Clinical Genetics, Medical Informatics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institute of Medicine-University of Gothenburg (GU), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires ( STIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] ( LIST ), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics ( MEB ), University of Lausanne, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy ( CIML ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erasmus MC, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] ( SSL ), Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques ( EGID ), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), University of Leipzig, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] ( EPI ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ( IIT Kanpur ), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Université de Bonn, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Harvard University School of Public Health, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), deCODE genetics, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen-Beatrix Children's Hospital-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Yale School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute ( NHLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Pisa [Pisa], University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ) -Institute of Metabolic Science, German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), University of Otago, University of Greifswald, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), University of Gothenburg ( GU ) -Institute of Medicine, Recherches en Psychopathologie, nouveaux symptômes et lien social ( EA 4050 ), Université de Poitiers-Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université Catholique de l'Ouest-Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL ( IBLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medicine Greifswald,-HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine ( FIMM ), Georgia Prevention Institute, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) -National Cancer Institute ( NIH ), Massachusetts General Hospital, Children's Hospital, Boston, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health-Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Shungin D, Winkler TW, Adipogen, Consortium, Cardiogramplusc4d, Consortium, Ckdgen, Consortium, Gefos, Consortium, Genie, Consortium, Glgc, Icbp, International, Endogene Consortium, Lifelines, Cohort Study, Magic, Investigator, Muther, Consortium, Consortium, Page, ReproGen Consortium, Amouyel P, D'Adamo, ADAMO PIO, Gasparini, Paolo, Shungin, Dmitry, Winkler, Thomas W, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, Ferreira, Teresa, Hypponen, Elina, Mohlke, Karen L, ADIPOGEN Consortium, Int Endogene Consortium, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Epidemiologie, RS: CARIM - R3.02 - Hypertension and target organ damage, Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Shungin, D, Winkler, T, Croteau Chonka, D, Ferreira, T, Locke, A, Mägi, R, Strawbridge, R, Pers, T, Fischer, K, Justice, A, Workalemahu, T, Wu, J, Buchkovich, M, Heard Costa, N, Roman, T, Drong, A, Song, C, Gustafsson, S, Day, F, Esko, T, Fall, T, Kutalik, Z, Luan, J, Randall, J, Scherag, A, Vedantam, S, Wood, A, Chen, J, Fehrmann, R, Karjalainen, J, Kahali, B, Liu, C, Schmidt, E, Absher, D, Amin, N, Anderson, D, Beekman, M, Bragg Gresham, J, Buyske, S, Demirkan, A, Ehret, G, Feitosa, M, Goel, A, Jackson, A, Johnson, T, Kleber, M, Kristiansson, K, Mangino, M, Leach, I, Medina Gomez, C, Palmer, C, Pasko, D, Pechlivanis, S, Peters, M, Prokopenko, I, Stanca'Kova', A, Sung, Y, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, J, Yengo, L, Zhang, W, Albrecht, E, Ärnlöv, J, Arscott, G, Bandinelli, S, Barrett, A, Bellis, C, Bennett, A, Berne, C, Blüher, M, Böhringer, S, Bonnet, F, Böttcher, Y, Bruinenberg, M, Carba, D, Caspersen, I, Clarke, R, Daw, E, Deelen, J, Deelman, E, Delgado, G, Doney, A, Eklund, N, Erdos, M, Estrada, K, Eury, E, Friedrich, N, Garcia, M, Giedraitis, V, Gigante, B, Go, A, Golay, A, Grallert, H, Grammer, T, Gräsler, J, Grewal, J, Groves, C, Haller, T, Hallmans, G, Hartman, C, Hassinen, M, Hayward, C, Heikkilä, K, Herzig, K, Helmer, Q, Hillege, H, Holmen, O, Hunt, S, Isaacs, A, Ittermann, T, James, A, Johansson, I, Juliusdottir, T, Kalafati, I, Kinnunen, L, Koenig, W, Kooner, I, Kratzer, W, Lamina, C, Leander, K, Lee, N, Lichtner, P, Lind, L, Lindström, J, Lobbens, S, Lorentzon, M, Mach, F, Magnusson, P, Mahajan, A, Mcardle, W, Menni, C, Merger, S, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Mills, R, Moayyeri, A, Monda, K, Mooijaart, S, Mühleisen, T, Mulas, A, Müller, G, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nagaraja, R, Nalls, M, Narisu, N, Glorioso, N, Nolte, I, Olden, M, Rayner, N, Renstrom, F, Ried, J, Robertson, N, Rose, L, Sanna, S, Scharnagl, H, Scholtens, S, Sennblad, B, Seufferlein, T, Sitlani, C, Smith, A, Stirrups, K, Stringham, H, Sundström, J, Swertz, M, Swift, A, Syvänen, A, Tayo, B, Thorand, B, Thorleifsson, G, Tomaschitz, A, Troffa, C, Van Oort, F, Verweij, N, Vonk, J, Waite, L, Wennauer, R, Wilsgaard, T, Wojczynski, M, Wong, A, Zhang, Q, Zhao, J, Brennan, E, Choi, M, Eriksson, P, Folkersen, L, Franco Cereceda, A, Gharavi, A, Hedman, A, Hivert, M, Huang, J, Kanoni, S, Karpe, F, Keildson, S, Kiryluk, K, Liang, L, Lifton, R, Ma, B, Mcknight, A, Mcpherson, R, Metspalu, A, Min, J, Moffatt, M, Montgomery, G, Murabito, J, Nicholson, G, Nyholt, D, Olsson, C, Perry, J, Reinmaa, E, Salem, R, Sandholm, N, Schadt, E, Scott, R, Stolk, L, Vallejo, E, Westra, H, Zondervan, K, Amouyel, P, Arveiler, D, Bakker, S, Beilby, J, Bergman, R, Blangero, J, Brown, M, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chines, P, Claudi Boehm, S, Collins, F, Crawford, D, Danesh, J, De Faire, U, De Geus, E, Dörr, M, Erbel, R, Eriksson, J, Farrall, M, Ferrannini, E, Ferrières, J, Forouhi, N, Forrester, T, Franco, O, Gansevoort, R, Gieger, C, Gudnason, V, Haiman, C, Harris, T, Hattersley, A, Heliövaara, M, Hicks, A, Hingorani, A, Hoffmann, W, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Humphries, S, Hyppönen, E, Illig, T, Jarvelin, M, Johansen, B, Jousilahti, P, Jula, A, Kaprio, J, Kee, F, Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, S, Kooner, J, Kooperberg, C, Kovacs, P, Kraja, A, Kumari, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Kuusisto, J, Lakka, T, Langenberg, C, Le Marchand, L, Lehtimäki, T, Lyssenko, V, Männistö, S, Marette, A, Matise, T, Mckenzie, C, Mcknight, B, Musk, A, Möhlenkamp, S, Morris, A, Nelis, M, Ohlsson, C, Oldehinkel, A, Ong, K, Palmer, L, Penninx, B, Peters, A, Pramstaller, P, Raitakari, O, Rankinen, T, Rao, D, Rice, T, Ridker, P, Ritchie, M, Rudan, I, Salomaa, V, Samani, N, Saramies, J, Sarzynski, M, Schwarz, P, Shuldiner, A, Staessen, J, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stolk, R, Strauch, K, Tönjes, A, Tremblay, A, Tremoli, E, Vohl, M, Völker, U, Vollenweider, P, Wilson, J, Witteman, J, Adair, L, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Bornstein, S, Bouchard, C, Cauchi, S, Caulfield, M, Chambers, J, Chasman, D, Cooper, R, Dedoussis, G, Ferrucci, L, Froguel, P, Grabe, H, Hamsten, A, Hui, J, Hveem, K, Jöckel, K, Kivimaki, M, Kuh, D, Laakso, M, Liu, Y, März, W, Munroe, P, Njolstad, I, Oostra, B, Pedersen, N, Perola, M, Pe'Russe, L, Peters, U, Power, C, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Rivadeneira, F, Saaristo, T, Saleheen, D, Sinisalo, J, Slagboom, P, Snieder, H, Spector, T, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Stumvoll, M, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Uusitupa, M, Van Der Harst, P, Veronesi, G, Walker, M, Wareham, N, Watkins, H, Wichmann, H, Abecasis, G, Assimes, T, Berndt, S, Boehnke, M, Borecki, I, Deloukas, P, Franke, L, Frayling, T, Groop, L, Hunter, D, Kaplan, R, O'Connell, J, Qi, L, Schlessinger, D, Strachan, D, Stefansson, K, Van Duijn, C, Willer, C, Visscher, P, Yang, J, Hirschhorn, J, Zillikens, M, Mccarthy, M, Speliotes, E, North, K, Fox, C, Barroso, I, Franks, P, Ingelsson, E, Heid, I, Loos, R, Cupples, L, Lindgren, C, Mohlke, K, Dastani, Z, Timpson, N, Yuan, X, Henneman, P, Kizer, J, Lyytikainen, L, Fuchsberger, C, Small, K, Coassin, S, Lohman, K, Pankow, J, Uh, H, Wu, Y, Bidulescu, A, Rasmussen Torvik, L, Greenwood, C, Ladouceur, M, Grimsby, J, Manning, A, Mooser, V, Kapur, K, Frants, R, Willemsvan vanDijk, K, Willems, S, Psaty, B, Tracy, R, Brody, J, Chen, I, Viikari, J, Kähönen, M, Evans, D, St Pourcain, B, Sattar, N, Carlson, O, Egan, J, van Heemst, D, Kedenko, L, Nuotio, M, Loo, B, Kanaya, A, Haun, M, Klopp, N, Katsareli, E, Couper, D, Duncan, B, Kloppenburg, M, Borja, J, Musani, S, Guo, X, Semple, R, Teslovich, T, Allison, M, Redline, S, Buxbaum, S, Meulenbelt, I, Ballantyne, C, Hu, F, Paulweber, B, Florez, J, Smith, G, Siscovick, D, Kronenberg, F, van Duijn, C, Waterworth, D, Meigs, J, Dupuis, J, Richards, J, Willenborg, C, Thompson, J, Erdmann, J, Goldstein, B, König, I, Cazier, J, Johansson, Å, Hall, A, Lee, J, Grundberg, E, Havulinna, A, Ho, W, Hopewell, J, Eriksson, N, Lundmark, P, Lyytikäinen, L, Rafelt, S, Tikkanen, E, Van Zuydam, N, Voight, B, Ziegler, A, Altshuler, D, Balmforth, A, Braund, P, Burgdorf, C, Cox, D, Dimitriou, M, Do, R, El Mokhtari, N, Fontanillas, P, Hager, J, Han, B, Kang, H, Kessler, T, Knowles, J, Kolovou, G, Langford, C, Lokki, M, Lundmark, A, Meisinger, C, Melander, O, Maouche, S, Nikus, K, Peden, J, Rasheed, A, Rosinger, S, Rubin, D, Rumpf, M, Schäfer, A, Sivananthan, M, Stewart, A, Tan, S, Thorgeirsson, G, van der Schoot, C, Wagner, P, Wells, G, Wild, P, Yang, T, Basart, H, Boerwinkle, E, Brambilla, P, Cambien, F, Cupples, A, de Faire, U, Dehghan, A, Diemert, P, Epstein, S, Evans, A, Ferrario, M, Gauguier, D, Goodall, A, Hazen, S, Holm, H, Iribarren, C, Jang, Y, Kim, H, Laaksonen, R, Ouwehand, W, Parish, S, Park, J, Rader, D, Shah, S, Stark, K, Trégouët, D, Virtamo, J, Wallentin, L, Zimmermann, M, Nieminen, M, Hengstenberg, C, Sandhu, M, Pastinen, T, Hovingh, G, Zalloua, P, Siegbahn, A, Schreiber, S, Ripatti, S, Blankenberg, S, O'Donnell, C, Reilly, M, Collins, R, Kathiresan, S, Roberts, R, Schunkert, H, Pattaro, C, Köttgen, A, Garnaas, M, Böger, C, Chen, M, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, X, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, M, O'Seaghdha, C, Glazer, N, Struchalin, M, Li, G, Johnson, A, Gierman, H, Hwang, S, Atkinson, E, Cornelis, M, Chouraki, V, Holliday, E, Sorice, R, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, A, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Launer, L, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, B, Schmidt, H, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, de Andrade, M, Turner, S, Ding, J, Andrews, J, Freedman, B, Döring, A, Kolcic, I, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, H, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, S, Wright, A, Ellinghaus, D, Nöthlings, U, Jacobs, G, Biffar, R, Endlich, K, Ernst, F, Kroemer, H, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Völzke, H, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, J, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Krämer, B, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, B, Adam, M, Thun, G, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, S, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Jukema, J, Probst Hensch, N, Toniolo, D, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Kardia, S, Curhan, G, Gyllensten, U, Franke, A, Rettig, R, Parsa, A, Goessling, W, Kao, W, de Boer, I, Peralta, C, Akylbekova, E, Kramer, H, van der Harst, P, Arking, D, Franceschini, N, Hernandez, D, Townsend, R, Lumley, T, Kestenbaum, B, Haritunians, T, Waeber, G, Lu, X, Leak, T, Aasarød, K, Skorpen, F, Baumert, J, Devuyst, O, Mychaleckyj, J, Hallan, S, Navis, G, Shlipak, M, Bull, S, Paterson, A, Rotter, J, Beckmann, J, Dreisbach, A, Styrkarsdottir, U, Evangelou, E, Hsu, Y, Duncan, E, Ntzani, E, Oei, L, Albagha, O, Kemp, J, Koller, D, Minster, R, Vandenput, L, Willner, D, Xiao, S, Yerges Armstrong, L, Zheng, H, Alonso, N, Kammerer, C, Kaptoge, S, Leo, P, Wilson, S, Aalto, V, Alen, M, Aragaki, A, Center, J, Dailiana, Z, Duggan, D, Garcia Giralt, N, Giroux, S, Hocking, L, Husted, L, Jameson, K, Khusainova, R, Kim, G, Koromila, T, Kruk, M, Laaksonen, M, Lacroix, A, Lee, S, Leung, P, Lewis, J, Masi, L, Mencej Bedrac, S, Nguyen, T, Nogues, X, Patel, M, Prezelj, J, Scollen, S, Siggeirsdottir, K, Svensson, O, Trummer, O, van Schoor, N, Woo, J, Zhu, K, Balcells, S, Brandi, M, Cheng, S, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Frost, M, Goltzman, D, González Macías, J, Karlsson, M, Khusnutdinova, E, Koh, J, Kollia, P, Langdahl, B, Leslie, W, Lips, P, Ljunggren, Ö, Lorenc, R, Marc, J, Mellström, D, Obermayer Pietsch, B, Olmos, J, Pettersson Kymmer, U, Reid, D, Riancho, J, Rousseau, F, Tang, N, Urreizti, R, Van Hul, W, Zarrabeitia, M, Castano Betancourt, M, Herrera, L, Ingvarsson, T, Johannsdottir, H, Kwan, T, Li, R, Luben, R, Medina Gómez, C, Palsson, S, Reppe, S, Sigurdsson, G, van Meurs, J, Verlaan, D, Williams, F, Zhou, Y, Gautvik, K, Raychaudhuri, S, Cauley, J, Clark, G, Cummings, S, Danoy, P, Dennison, E, Eastell, R, Eisman, J, Jackson, R, Jones, G, Khaw, K, Mccloskey, E, Nandakumar, K, Peacock, M, Pols, H, Prince, R, Reid, I, Robbins, J, Sambrook, P, Sham, P, Tylavsky, F, Econs, M, Kung, A, Reeve, J, Streeten, E, Karasik, D, Ralston, S, Ioannidis, J, Kiel, D, Forsblom, C, Isakova, T, Mckay, G, Williams, W, Sadlier, D, Mäkinen, V, Swan, E, Boright, A, Ahlqvist, E, Keller, B, Huang, H, Ahola, A, Fagerholm, E, Gordin, D, Harjutsalo, V, He, B, Heikkilä, O, Hietala, K, Kytö, J, Lahermo, P, Lehto, M, Österholm, A, Parkkonen, M, Pitkäniemi, J, Rosengård Bärlund, M, Saraheimo, M, Sarti, C, Söderlund, J, Soro Paavonen, A, Syreeni, A, Thorn, L, Tikkanen, H, Tolonen, N, Tryggvason, K, Wadén, J, Gill, G, Prior, S, Guiducci, C, Mirel, D, Taylor, A, Hosseini, M, Parving, H, Rossing, P, Tarnow, L, Ladenvall, C, Alhenc Gelas, F, Lefebvre, P, Rigalleau, V, Roussel, R, Tregouet, D, Maestroni, A, Maestroni, S, Falhammar, H, Gu, T, Möllsten, A, Cimponeriu, D, Mihai, I, Mota, M, Mota, E, Serafinceanu, C, Stavarachi, M, Hanson, R, Nelson, R, Kretzler, M, Panduru, N, Gu, H, Brismar, K, Zerbini, G, Hadjadj, S, Marre, M, Lajer, M, Waggott, D, Savage, D, Bain, S, Martin, F, Godson, C, Groop, P, Maxwell, A, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Ganna, A, Mora, S, Chang, H, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Li, X, Montasser, M, Petersen, A, Saxena, R, Service, S, Sidore, C, Surakka, I, Van den Herik, E, Volcik, K, Asiki, G, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Elliott, P, Eyjolfsson, G, Goodarzi, M, Gravito, M, Hartikainen, A, Hung, Y, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Kim, E, Komulainen, P, Lin, S, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Ruokonen, A, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stančáková, A, Tiret, L, van Pelt, L, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Willemsen, G, Young, E, Bennett, F, Boomsma, D, Bovet, P, Chen, Y, Feranil, A, Freimer, N, Hsiung, C, Järvelin, M, Kesäniemi, A, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kyvik, K, Martin, N, Meneton, P, Moilanen, L, Njølstad, I, Price, J, Sanghera, D, Sheu, W, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Rich, S, Johnson, L, Larson, M, Levy, D, Newton Cheh, C, O'Reilly, P, Palmas, W, Rice, K, Snider, H, Tobin, M, Verwoert, G, Pihur, V, Heath, S, Sõber, S, Arora, P, Zhang, F, Lucas, G, Milaneschi, Y, Parker, A, Fava, C, Fox, E, Go, M, Sjögren, M, Vinay, D, Alexander, M, Tabara, Y, Shaw Hawkins, S, Whincup, P, Shi, G, Seielstad, M, Sim, X, Nguyen, K, Matullo, G, Gaunt, T, Onland Moret, N, Cooper, M, Platou, C, Org, E, Hardy, R, Dahgam, S, Palmen, J, Kuznetsova, T, Uiterwaal, C, Adeyemo, A, Ludwig, B, Tomaszewski, M, Tzoulaki, I, Palmer, N, Chang, Y, Steinle, N, Grobbee, D, Morrison, A, Najjar, S, Hadley, D, Connell, J, Day, I, Lawlor, D, Lawrence, R, Ongen, H, Li, Y, Young, J, Bis, J, Chaturvedi, N, Islam, M, Jafar, T, Kulkarni, S, Grässler, J, Howard, P, Guarrera, S, Ricceri, F, Emilsson, V, Plump, A, Weder, A, Sun, Y, Scott, L, Peltonen, L, Vartiainen, E, Brand, S, Wang, T, Burton, P, Artigas, M, Dong, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, H, Rudock, M, Heckbert, S, Smith, N, Wiggins, K, Doumatey, A, Shriner, D, Veldre, G, Viigimaa, M, Kinra, S, Prabhakaran, D, Tripathy, V, Langefeld, C, Rosengren, A, Thelle, D, Corsi, A, Singleton, A, Hilton, G, Salako, T, Iwai, N, Kita, Y, Ogihara, T, Ohkubo, T, Okamura, T, Ueshima, H, Umemura, S, Eyheramendy, S, Meitinger, T, Cho, Y, Scott, J, Sehmi, J, Hedblad, B, Nilsson, P, Stanèáková, A, Raffel, L, Yao, J, Schwartz, S, Ikram, M, Longstreth W., J, Mosley, T, Seshadri, S, Shrine, N, Wain, L, Morken, M, Laitinen, J, Zitting, P, Cooper, J, van Gilst, W, Janipalli, C, Mani, K, Yajnik, C, Mattace Raso, F, Lakatta, E, Orru, M, Scuteri, A, Ala Korpela, M, Kangas, A, Soininen, P, Tukiainen, T, Würtz, P, Ong, R, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Lathrop, M, Zelenika, D, Zhai, G, Meschia, J, Sharma, P, Terzic, J, Kumar, M, Denniff, M, Zukowska Szczechowska, E, Wagenknecht, L, Fowkes, F, Charchar, F, Rotimi, C, Bots, M, Brand, E, Talmud, P, Nyberg, F, Laan, M, van der Schouw, Y, Casas, J, Vineis, P, Ganesh, S, Wong, T, Tai, E, Morris, R, Dominiczak, A, Marmot, M, Miki, T, Chandak, G, Zhu, X, Elosua, R, Soranzo, N, Sijbrands, E, Uda, M, Vasan, R, Anderson, C, Gordon, S, Guo, Q, Henders, A, Lambert, A, Kraft, P, Kennedy, S, Macgregor, S, Missmer, S, Painter, J, Roseman, F, Treloar, S, Wallace, L, Alizadeh, B, de Boer, R, Boezen, H, van der Klauw, M, Ormel, J, Postma, D, Rosmalen, J, Slaets, J, Lagou, V, Welch, R, Wheeler, E, Rehnberg, E, Lecoeur, C, Johnson, P, Hottenga, J, Salo, P, Bielak, L, Zhao, W, Horikoshi, M, Navarro, P, Chen, H, Rybin, D, Song, K, An, P, Marullo, L, Jansen, H, Edkins, S, Varga, T, Oksa, H, Antonella, M, Kong, A, Herder, C, Antti, J, Miljkovic, I, Atalay, M, Kiess, W, Smit, J, Campbell, S, Fowkes, G, Rathmann, W, Maerz, W, Watanabe, R, de Geus, E, Toenjes, A, Peyser, P, Körner, A, Cucca, F, Balkau, B, Bouatia Naji, N, Ahmadi, K, Ainali, C, Bataille, V, Bell, J, Buil, A, Dermitzakis, E, Dimas, A, Durbin, R, Glass, D, Hassanali, N, Hedman, Å, Ingle, C, Knowles, D, Krestyaninova, M, Lowe, C, Meduri, E, di Meglio, P, Montgomery, S, Nestle, F, Nica, A, Nisbet, J, O'Rahilly, S, Parts, L, Potter, S, Sekowska, M, Shin, S, Surdulescu, G, Travers, M, Tsaprouni, L, Tsoka, S, Wilk, A, Higashio, J, Williams, R, Nato, A, Ambite, J, Manolio, T, Hindorff, L, Heiss, G, Taylor, K, Avery, C, Graff, M, Lin, D, Quibrera, M, Cochran, B, Kao, L, Umans, J, Cole, S, Maccluer, J, Person, S, Gross, M, Fornage, M, Durda, P, Jenny, N, Patsy, B, Arnold, A, Buzkova, P, Haines, J, Murdock, D, Glenn, K, Brown Gentry, K, Thornton Wells, T, Dumitrescu, L, Jeff, J, Bush, W, Mitchell, S, Goodloe, R, Boston, J, Malinowski, J, Restrepo, N, Oetjens, M, Fowke, J, Zheng, W, Spencer, K, Pendergrass, S, Wilkens, L, Park, L, Tiirikainen, M, Kolonel, L, Lim, U, Cheng, I, Wang, H, Shohet, R, Stram, D, Henderson, B, Monroe, K, Schumacher, F, Anderson, G, Carlson, C, Prentice, R, Wu, C, Carty, C, Gong, J, Rosse, S, Young, A, Haessler, J, Kocarnik, J, Lin, Y, Kuller, L, He, C, Sulem, P, Barbalic, M, Broer, L, Byrne, E, Gudbjartsson, D, Mcardle, P, Porcu, E, van Wingerden, S, Zhuang, W, Lauc, L, Broekmans, F, Burri, A, Chanock, S, Chen, C, Corre, T, Coviello, A, D'Adamo, P, Davies, G, Deary, I, Ebrahim, S, Fauser, B, Ferreli, L, Folsom, A, Hall, P, Hankinson, S, Hass, M, Heath, A, Janssens, A, Keyzer, J, Lahti, J, Lai, S, Laisk, T, Laven, J, Liu, J, Lopez, L, Louwers, Y, Marongiu, M, Klaric, I, Masciullo, C, Medland, S, Melzer, D, Newman, A, Paré, G, Peeters, P, Pop, V, Räikkönen, K, Salumets, A, Smith, J, Stacey, S, Starr, J, Stathopoulou, M, Tenesa, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tsui, K, van Dam, R, van Gils, C, van Nierop, P, Vink, J, Voorhuis, M, Wallaschofski, H, Widen, E, Wijnands van Gent, C, Zgaga, L, Zygmunt, M, Buring, J, Crisponi, L, Demerath, E, Murray, A, Visser, J, Lunetta, K, Elks, C, Cousminer, D, Feenstra, B, Lin, P, Smith, E, Warrington, N, Alavere, H, Berenson, G, Blackburn, H, Busonero, F, Chen, W, Easton, D, Foroud, T, Geller, F, Kilpeläinen, T, Li, S, Melbye, M, Murray, J, Murray, S, Ness, A, Northstone, K, Pennell, C, Pharoah, P, Rafnar, T, Rice, J, Ring, S, Schork, N, Segrè, A, Sovio, U, Srinivasan, S, Tammesoo, M, Tyrer, J, Weedon, M, Young, L, Bierut, L, Boyd, H, Psychiatry, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
- Subjects
Adipose Tissue/metabolism ,Male ,genetic association ,subcutaneous fat ,Transcription, Genetic ,Adipocytes ,Adipogenesis ,Adipose Tissue ,Age Factors ,Body Mass Index ,Continental Population Groups ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Europe ,Female ,Genome, Human ,Humans ,Insulin ,Insulin Resistance ,Models, Biological ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Obesity ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Sex Characteristics ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,Body Fat Distribution ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Multidisciplinary ,Insulin Resistance/genetics ,Genome-wide association study ,Continental Population Groups/genetics ,genetic analysis ,heritability ,gene cluster ,Science::Biological sciences::Human anatomy and physiology [DRNTU] ,0302 clinical medicine ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol ,Models ,genetics [Insulin Resistance] ,histone modification ,Age Factor ,insulin receptor ,0303 health sciences ,Adipocyte ,Human/genetics ,CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium ,ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION ,genetic correlation ,body fat ,Continental Population Group ,priority journal ,5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase ,GEFOS Consortium ,meta analysis (topic) ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,ddc:500 ,transcription regulation ,Adipogenesis/genetics ,Single Nucleotide/genetics ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,phosphatidylinositol 3 ,European ,ta3111 ,genetic regulation ,Article ,developmental biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,MAGIC Investigators ,transcription initiation site ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Genetic ,genomics ,GLYCEMIC TRAITS ,genetics [Continental Population Groups] ,Polymorphism ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,Physiologic ,genetics [Adipogenesis] ,Adipocytes/metabolism ,Europe/ethnology ,Genome, Human/genetics ,Insulin/metabolism ,Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics ,Obesity/genetics ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ,Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ,Transcription, Genetic/genetics ,Genetic/genetics ,Adipogenesi ,Science & Technology ,adiponectin ,[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,vasculotropin ,genetics [Quantitative Trait Loci] ,ta1184 ,Racial Groups ,ta1182 ,gene mapping ,ta3121 ,triacylglycerol blood level ,medicine.disease ,Biological ,major clinical study ,amino acid sequence ,metabolism [Insulin] ,Endocrinology ,metabolism [Adipocytes] ,genetic loci, insulin, body fat ,GLGC ,International Endogene Consortium ,metabolism [Adipose Tissue] ,Body mass index ,HUMAN HEIGHT ,Epigenesis ,LifeLines Cohort Study ,ReproGen Consortium ,BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA ,tissue level ,Physiologic/genetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Medizin ,Adipose tissue ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol ,PAGE Consortium ,COMMON SNPS ,angiogenesis ,Waist–hip ratio ,genetics [Obesity] ,MESH: Adipocytes/metabolism Adipogenesis/genetics Adipose Tissue/metabolism* Age Factors Body Fat Distribution* Body Mass Index Continental Population Groups/genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Europe/ethnology Female Genome, Human/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study* Humans Insulin/metabolism* Insulin Resistance/genetics Male Models, Biological Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics Obesity/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics* Sex Characteristics Transcription, Genetic/genetics Waist-Hip Ratio ,single nucleotide polymorphism ,fat ,genetic variability ,molecular biology ,body mass index (BMI) ,ethnology [Europe] ,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,Genome ,Single Nucleotide ,waist circumference ,insulin ,phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase ,triacylglycerol ,vasculotropin, developmental biology ,gene expression ,genome ,numerical model, adipocyte ,adipose tissue ,body fat distribution ,body mass ,female ,gene locus ,gene structure ,hip circumference ,human ,insulin resistance ,lipoprotein blood level ,male ,obesity ,protein protein interaction ,sex difference ,waist hip ratio ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,genetics [Transcription, Genetic] ,genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide] ,ADIPOGen Consortium ,genetics [Neovascularization, Physiologic] ,Transcription ,SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI ,General Science & Technology ,ICBP ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Biology ,adipocyte ,MESH : Adipocytes/metabolism Adipogenesis/genetics Adipose Tissue/metabolism* Age Factors Body Fat Distribution* Body Mass Index Continental Population Groups/genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Europe/ethnology Female Genome, Human/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study* Humans Insulin/metabolism* Insulin Resistance/genetics Male Models, Biological Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics Obesity/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics* Sex Characteristics Transcription, Genetic/genetics Waist-Hip Ratio ,MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS ,GENIE Consortium ,SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,genetics [Genome, Human] ,ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY ,Neovascularization ,030304 developmental biology ,FALSE DISCOVERY ,CKDGen Consortium ,Sex Characteristic ,MuTHER Consortium ,numerical model - Abstract
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P
- Published
- 2015
29. Higher plant-derived nitrate intake is associated with lower odds of frailty in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older women.
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Hayes E, Dent E, Shannon OM, Zhong LZ, Bozanich T, Blekkenhorst LC, Zhu K, Bondonno CP, Siervo M, Hoogendijk EO, Hodgson JM, Prince RL, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Aged, Australia, Diet methods, Diet statistics & numerical data, Aged, 80 and over, Frail Elderly statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Geriatric Assessment methods, Geriatric Assessment statistics & numerical data, Nitrates administration & dosage, Nitrates analysis, Independent Living statistics & numerical data, Frailty epidemiology, Frailty prevention & control
- Abstract
Purpose: Dietary nitrate intake is inversely related to numerous contributors towards frailty, including cardiovascular disease and poor physical function. Whether these findings extend to frailty remain unknown. We investigated if habitual nitrate intake, derived from plants or animal-based foods, was cross-sectionally associated with frailty in women., Methods: Community-dwelling older Australian women (n = 1390, mean age 75.1 ± 2.7 years) completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nitrate concentrations in food were obtained from international nitrate databases. We adopted the Rockwood frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits comprising 33 variables across multiple health domains (scored 0 to 1), which predicts increased hospitalisation and mortality risk. A FI ≥ 0.25 indicated frailty. Cross-sectional associations between nitrate intake (total plant and animal nitrate, separately) and frailty were analysed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models (including lifestyle factors), as part of restricted cubic splines., Results: A non-linear inverse relationship was observed between total plant nitrate intake and frailty. Compared to women with the lowest plant nitrate intake (Quartile [Q]1), women with greater intakes in Q2 (OR 0.69 95%CI 0.56-0.84), Q3 (OR 0.67 95%CI 0.50-0.90) and Q4 (OR 0.66 95%CI 0.45-0.98) had lower odds for frailty. A nadir in the inverse association was observed once intakes reached ~ 64 mg/d (median Q2). No relationship was observed between total animal nitrate and frailty., Conclusion: Community-dwelling older women consuming low amounts of plant-derived nitrate were more likely to present with frailty. Consuming at least one daily serving (~ 75 g) of nitrate-rich green leafy vegetables may be beneficial in preventing frailty., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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30. Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Fall- and Fracture-Related Hospitalization: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.
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Pratt J, Dalla Via J, Sale C, Gebre AK, Stephan BCM, Laws S, Zhu K, Lim WH, Prince RL, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Fractures, Bone epidemiology, Fractures, Bone genetics, Bone Density genetics, Genotype, Hip Fractures epidemiology, Hip Fractures genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Independent Living, Aging genetics, Australia epidemiology, Accidental Falls statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Apolipoprotein E4 genetics
- Abstract
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) may be a genetic risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function, which could have implications for fall and fracture risk. We examined the association between APOE ɛ4 status and long-term fall- and fracture-related hospitalization risk in older women. A total of 1 276 community-dwelling women from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (mean age ± SD = 75.2 ± 2.7 years) were included. At baseline, women underwent APOE genotyping and detailed phenotyping for covariates including prevalent falls and fractures, as well as health and lifestyle factors. The association between APOE ɛ4 and fall-, any fracture-, and hip fracture-related hospitalizations, obtained over 14.5 years from linked health records, was examined using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models. Over 14.5 years, 507 (39.7%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalization and 360 (28.2%) women experienced a fracture-related hospitalization, including 143 (11.2%) attributed to a hip fracture. In multivariable-adjusted models, compared to noncarriers, APOE ɛ4 carriers (n = 297, 23.3%) had greater risk for a fall- (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI: 1.22-1.81), fracture- (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.63), or hip fracture-related hospitalization (HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29-2.61). The estimates remained similar when specific fall and fracture risk factors (fear of falling, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, grip strength, timed up-and-go, hip BMD, vitamin K status, prevalent diabetes, HbA1c, cholesterol, and abbreviated mental test score) were added to the multivariable model. In conclusion, APOE ɛ4 is a potential risk factor for fall- and fracture-related hospitalization in community-dwelling older women. Screening for APOE ɛ4 could provide clinicians an opportunity to direct higher-risk individuals to appropriate intervention strategies., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.)
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- 2024
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31. New Data on the Increased hip Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Reduction in Those With High Physical Activity.
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Prince RL
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- Humans, Risk Factors, Motor Activity physiology, Exercise, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Hip Fractures epidemiology, Hip Fractures etiology
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- 2024
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32. Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population.
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Neumann JT, Twerenbold R, Weimann J, Ballantyne CM, Benjamin EJ, Costanzo S, de Lemos JA, deFilippi CR, Di Castelnuovo A, Donfrancesco C, Dörr M, Eggers KM, Engström G, Felix SB, Ferrario MM, Gansevoort RT, Giampaoli S, Giedraitis V, Hedberg P, Iacoviello L, Jørgensen T, Kee F, Koenig W, Kuulasmaa K, Lewis JR, Lorenz T, Lyngbakken MN, Magnussen C, Melander O, Nauck M, Niiranen TJ, Nilsson PM, Olsen MH, Omland T, Oskarsson V, Palmieri L, Peters A, Prince RL, Qaderi V, Vasan RS, Salomaa V, Sans S, Smith JG, Söderberg S, Thorand B, Tonkin AM, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Veronesi G, Watanabe T, Watanabe M, Zeiher AM, Zeller T, Blankenberg S, and Ojeda F
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- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Atherosclerosis blood, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Cohort Studies, Heart Failure blood, Heart Failure epidemiology, Heart Failure mortality, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Myocardial Infarction blood, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Internationality, Biomarkers blood, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain blood, Peptide Fragments blood, Troponin I blood, Troponin T blood
- Abstract
Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies., Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors., Design, Setting, and Participants: Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age. The median follow-up was 11.8 years., Exposure: Measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which included all fatal and nonfatal events. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of biomarkers and outcomes were calculated after adjustment for established risk factors. The additional predictive value of the biomarkers was assessed using the C statistic and reclassification analyses., Results: The analyses included 164 054 individuals (median age, 53.1 years [IQR, 42.7-62.9 years] and 52.4% were women). There were 17 211 incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. All biomarkers were significantly associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (subdistribution HR per 1-SD change, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.11-1.16] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.23] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24] for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08-1.22] for B-type natriuretic peptide; and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.12-1.16] for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and all secondary outcomes. The addition of each single biomarker to a model that included established risk factors improved the C statistic. For 10-year incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in younger people (aged <65 years), the combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein resulted in a C statistic improvement from 0.812 (95% CI, 0.8021-0.8208) to 0.8194 (95% CI, 0.8089-0.8277). The combination of these biomarkers also improved reclassification compared with the conventional model. Improvements in risk prediction were most pronounced for the secondary outcomes of heart failure and all-cause mortality. The incremental value of biomarkers was greater in people aged 65 years or older vs younger people., Conclusions and Relevance: Cardiovascular biomarkers were strongly associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and mortality. The addition of biomarkers to established risk factors led to only a small improvement in risk prediction metrics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but was more favorable for heart failure and mortality.
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- 2024
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33. Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women.
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Dupuy M, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Zhong L, Dalla Via J, Zhu K, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno NP, Linneberg A, Bellinge JW, Schultz C, Courtney W, Prince RL, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Vitamin K 1, Longitudinal Studies, Independent Living, Prospective Studies, Australia epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Assessing the relationship between vitamin K1 intakes, using region-specific food databases, with both all-cause, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality warrants further investigation to inform future preventative strategies. Consequently, we examined the aforementioned associations in the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women (PLSAW)., Methods and Results: 1436 community-dwelling older Australian women (mean ± SD age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Vitamin K1 intake was calculated based on an Australian vitamin K food database, supplemented with published data. All-cause and CVD mortality data was obtained from linked health records. Associations were examined using restricted cubic splines within Cox-proportional hazard models, adjusted for a range of cardiovascular and lifestyle related risk factors. Over 15 years of follow-up, 601 (41.9%) women died, with 236 deaths (16.4%) due to CVD. Compared to women with the lowest vitamin K1 intakes (Quartile 1, median 49.1 μg/day), those with the highest intakes (Quartile 4, median 119.3 μg/day) had lower relative hazards for all-cause mortality (HR 0.66 95%CI 0.51-0.86) and CVD mortality (HR 0.61 95%CI 0.41-0.92). A plateau in the inverse association was observed from vitamin K1 intakes of approximately ≥80 μg/day., Conclusion: Higher vitamin K1 intakes were associated with lower risk for both all-cause and CVD mortality in community-dwelling older women, independent of CVD related risk factors. A higher intake of vitamin K1 rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, may support cardiovascular health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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34. Frailty increases the long-term risk for fall and fracture-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women.
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Dent E, Dalla Via J, Bozanich T, Hoogendijk EO, Gebre AK, Smith C, Zhu K, Prince RL, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Accidental Falls, Independent Living, Frail Elderly, Hospitalization, Frailty, Hip Fractures
- Abstract
Frailty is associated with declines in physiological capacity across sensory, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. An underlying assumption is that the frailer an individual, the more likely they are to experience falls and fractures. We examined whether grades of frailty can assess the long-term risk of hospitalized falls, fractures, and all-cause mortality in 1261 community-dwelling older women (mean age [SD] of 75.1 [2.7] yr) over 14.5 yr. Frailty was operationalized using a frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits from 33 variables across multiple health domains (physical, mental, comorbidities) at baseline. The total score across these variables was summed and divided by 33 to obtain the FI. Participants were graded as fit (FI ≤ 0.12), mildly frail (FI > 0.12-0.24), moderately frail (FI > 0.24-0.36), or severely frail (FI > 0.36). Fall-related (n = 498), any fracture-related (n = 347), and hip fracture-related hospitalizations (n = 137) and deaths (n = 482) were obtained from linked health records. Associations between FI grades and clinical outcomes were analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models including age, treatment (calcium/placebo), BMI, smoking history, socioeconomic status, plasma vitamin D (25OHD) status plus season obtained, physical activity, self-reported prevalent falls in the last 3 mo, and self-reported fractures since the age of 50 yr. At baseline, 713 (56.5%), 350 (27.8%), 163 (12.9%), and 35 (2.8%) of women were classified as fit, mildly frail, moderately frail, and severely frail, respectively. Women with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had significantly higher hazards (all P < .05) for a fall-related (46%, 104%, 168%), any fracture-related (88% for moderate, 193% for severe frailty), hip fracture-related hospitalizations (93%, 127%, 129%), and all-cause mortality (47%, 126%, 242%). The FI identified community-dwelling older women at risk for the most serious falls and fractures and may be incorporated into risk assessment tools to identify individuals with poorer clinical prognosis., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.)
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- 2024
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35. Extent of Abdominal Aortic Calcification Is Associated With Incident Rapid Weight Loss Over 5 Years: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.
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Smith C, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Gebre AK, Zhu K, Lim WH, Teh R, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Levinger I, von Haehling S, Woodman R, Coats AJS, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Risk Factors, Longitudinal Studies, Aging, Body Weight, Weight Loss, Aorta, Abdominal diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification etiology, Vascular Diseases, Aortic Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of vascular disease, is associated with disease in other vascular beds including gastrointestinal arteries. We investigated whether AAC is related to rapid weight loss over 5 years and whether rapid weight loss is associated with 9.5-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women., Methods: Lateral spine images from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (1998/1999) were used to assess AAC (24-point AAC scoring method) in 929 older women. Over 5 years, body weight was assessed at 12-month intervals. Rapid weight loss was defined as >5% decrease in body weight within any 12-month interval. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess AAC and rapid weight loss and Cox regression to assess the relationship between rapid weight loss and 9.5-year all-cause mortality., Results: Mean±SD age of women was 75.0±2.6 years. During the initial 5 years, 366 (39%) women presented with rapid weight loss. Compared with women with low AAC (24-point AAC score 0-1), those with moderate (24-point AAC score 2-5: odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.00-1.85]) and extensive (24-point AAC score 6+: odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.10-2.31]) AAC had higher odds for presenting with rapid weight loss. Results remained similar after further adjustment for dietary factors (alcohol, protein, fat, and carbohydrates), diet quality, blood pressure, and cholesterol measures. The estimates were similar in subgroups of women who met protein intake (n=599) and physical activity (n=735) recommendations (extensive AAC: odds ratios, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.12-2.92] and 1.58 [95% CI, 1.02-2.44], respectively). Rapid weight loss was associated with all-cause mortality over the next 9.5 years (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.17-1.89]; P =0.001)., Conclusions: AAC extent was associated with greater risk for rapid weight loss over 5 years in older women, a risk for all-cause mortality. Since the association was unchanged after taking nutritional intakes into account, these data support the possibility that vascular disease may play a role in the maintenance of body weight., Competing Interests: Disclosures None.
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- 2024
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36. Association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and fall-related hospitalisation in women aged over 70 years.
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Gebre AK, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Smith C, Rodriguez AJ, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP, Lim W, Byrnes E, Thompson PR, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Hospitalization, Troponin T, Troponin I, Hand Strength
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), a biomarker of myocardial injury, muscle function decline and 14.5-year fall-related hospitalisation risk in women aged over 70 years., Methods: 1179 ambulatory community-dwelling women aged over 70 years with subclinical levels of hs-cTnI (ie, <15.6 ng/L), who were followed up for 14.5 years, were included. Samples for hs-cTnI were obtained in 1998. Fall-related hospitalisations were retrieved from linked health records. Muscle function measures, including handgrip strength and the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test, were assessed in 1998 and 2003., Results: Mean±SD age was 75.2±2.7 years. Over 14.5 years of follow-up, 40.4% (476 of 1179) experienced fall-related hospitalisation. Participants were categorised into four approximate hs-cTnI quartiles: quartile 1 (<3.6 ng/L), quartile 2 (3.6-4.4 ng/L), quartile 3 (4.5-5.8 ng/L) and quartile 4 (≥5.9 ng/L). Compared with those in Q1, women in Q4 were likely to experience fall-related hospitalisation (36.0% vs 42.8%). In a multivariable-adjusted model that accounted for CVD and fall risk factors, compared with women in Q1, those in Q4 had a 46% higher risk of fall-related hospitalisation (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.98). Additionally, women in Q4 had slower TUG performance compared with those in Q1 (10.3 s vs 9.5 s, p=0.032)., Conclusion: Elevated level of hs-cTnI was associated with slower TUG performance and increased fall-related hospitalisation risk. This indicates subclinical level of hs-cTnI can identify clinically relevant falls, emphasising the need to consider cardiac health during fall assessment in women aged over 70 years., Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12617000640303., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2023
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37. Machine-Learning Assessed Abdominal Aortic Calcification is Associated with Long-Term Fall and Fracture Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Australian Women.
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Dalla Via J, Gebre AK, Smith C, Gilani Z, Suter D, Sharif N, Szulc P, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Zhu K, Leslie WD, Prince RL, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Independent Living, Risk Factors, Australia, Bone Density, Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Minerals, Vascular Calcification complications, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification epidemiology, Fractures, Bone complications
- Abstract
Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a recognized measure of advanced vascular disease, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and poorer long-term prognosis. AAC can be assessed on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived lateral spine images used for vertebral fracture assessment at the time of bone density screening using a validated 24-point scoring method (AAC-24). Previous studies have identified robust associations between AAC-24 score, incident falls, and fractures. However, a major limitation of manual AAC assessment is that it requires a trained expert. Hence, we have developed an automated machine-learning algorithm for assessing AAC-24 scores (ML-AAC24). In this prospective study, we evaluated the association between ML-AAC24 and long-term incident falls and fractures in 1023 community-dwelling older women (mean age, 75 ± 3 years) from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women. Over 10 years of follow-up, 253 (24.7%) women experienced a clinical fracture identified via self-report every 4-6 months and verified by X-ray, and 169 (16.5%) women had a fracture hospitalization identified from linked hospital discharge data. Over 14.5 years, 393 (38.4%) women experienced an injurious fall requiring hospitalization identified from linked hospital discharge data. After adjusting for baseline fracture risk, women with moderate to extensive AAC (ML-AAC24 ≥ 2) had a greater risk of clinical fractures (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.85) and fall-related hospitalization (HR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66), compared to those with low AAC (ML-AAC24 ≤ 1). Similar to manually assessed AAC-24, ML-AAC24 was not associated with fracture hospitalizations. The relative hazard estimates obtained using machine learning were similar to those using manually assessed AAC-24 scores. In conclusion, this novel automated method for assessing AAC, that can be easily and seamlessly captured at the time of bone density testing, has robust associations with long-term incident clinical fractures and injurious falls. However, the performance of the ML-AAC24 algorithm needs to be verified in independent cohorts. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).)
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- 2023
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38. Circulating lipocalin-2 and features of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older women: A cross-sectional study.
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Bauer C, Sim M, Prince RL, Zhu K, Lim EM, Byrnes E, Pavlos N, Lim WH, Wong G, Lewis JR, and Levinger I
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- Aged, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Independent Living, Lipocalin-2, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Metabolic Syndrome
- Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is released by several cell types including osteoblasts and adipocytes and has been suggested as a marker of renal dysfunction, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether LCN2 is linked to these diseases in older women remains unknown. This study investigated whether LCN2 is related to features of MetS and T2D in older women. This cross-sectional study included 705 non-diabetic women (mean age 75.1 ± 2.6 years) for MetS analysis and 76 women (mean age 75.4 ± 2.8 years) with T2D. Total circulating LCN2 levels were analysed using a two-step chemiluminescent microparticle monoclonal immunoassay. MetS was determined by a modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III classification. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to assess odds ratios between LCN2 quartiles and MetS. Women in the highest LCN2 quartile had approximately 3 times greater risk for MetS compared to women in the lowest quartile (OR 3.05; 95%CI 1.86-5.02). Women with T2D or MetS scores of ≥ 3 had higher LCN2 levels compared to women with a MetS score of 0 (p < 0.05). Higher LCN2 correlated with higher body mass index, fat mass, triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.05). Higher circulating levels of LCN2 are associated with worsened cardio-metabolic risk factors and increased odds of MetS and T2D in older women. Whether it can be used as a biomarker for identifying those at risk for MetS and T2D should be explored further., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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39. Machine learning for abdominal aortic calcification assessment from bone density machine-derived lateral spine images.
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Sharif N, Gilani SZ, Suter D, Reid S, Szulc P, Kimelman D, Monchka BA, Jozani MJ, Hodgson JM, Sim M, Zhu K, Harvey NC, Kiel DP, Prince RL, Schousboe JT, Leslie WD, and Lewis JR
- Subjects
- Aorta, Abdominal diagnostic imaging, Spinal Fractures diagnostic imaging, Humans, Supervised Machine Learning, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Aortic Diseases diagnostic imaging, Bone Density
- Abstract
Background: Lateral spine images for vertebral fracture assessment can be easily obtained on modern bone density machines. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) can be scored on these images by trained imaging specialists to assess cardiovascular disease risk. However, this process is laborious and requires careful training., Methods: Training and testing of model performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for automated AAC-24 scoring utilised 5012 lateral spine images (2 manufacturers, 4 models of bone density machines), with trained imaging specialist AAC scores. Validation occurred in a registry-based cohort study of 8565 older men and women with images captured as part of routine clinical practice for fracture risk assessment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between machine-learning AAC (ML-AAC-24) scores with future incident Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) that including death, hospitalised acute myocardial infarction or ischemic cerebrovascular disease ascertained from linked healthcare data., Findings: The average intraclass correlation coefficient between imaging specialist and ML-AAC-24 scores for 5012 images was 0.84 (95% CI 0.83, 0.84) with classification accuracy of 80% for established AAC groups. During a mean follow-up 4 years in the registry-based cohort, MACE outcomes were reported in 1177 people (13.7%). With increasing ML-AAC-24 scores there was an increasing proportion of people with MACE (low 7.9%, moderate 14.5%, high 21.2%), as well as individual MACE components (all p-trend <0.001). After multivariable adjustment, moderate and high ML-AAC-24 groups remained significantly associated with MACE (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.31-1.80 & HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.75-2.42, respectively), compared to those with low ML-AAC-24., Interpretation: The ML-AAC-24 scores had substantial levels of agreement with trained imaging specialists, and was associated with a substantial gradient of risk for cardiovascular events in a real-world setting. This approach could be readily implemented into these clinical settings to improve identification of people at high CVD risk., Funding: The study was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Ideas grant and the Rady Innovation Fund, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests DPK has received a grant from Solarea Bio and royalties from Wolters Kluwer. DPK sits on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Solarea Bio, Pfizer and Reneo and has participated on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for the AgNovos Healthcare osteoporosis treatment trial. All other authors have no disclosures to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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40. Abdominal Aortic Calcification, Bone Mineral Density, and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.
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Gebre AK, Lewis JR, Leow K, Szulc P, Scott D, Ebeling PR, Sim M, Wong G, Lim WH, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Prince RL, and Rodríguez AJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Bone Density physiology, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Fractures, Bone epidemiology, Fractures, Bone etiology, Hip Fractures, Vascular Diseases
- Abstract
Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been inconsistently associated with skeletal health. We aimed to investigate the association of AAC with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk by pooling the findings of observational studies., Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched (August 2021). All clinical studies that assessed the association between AAC and BMD or fracture were included. AAC was categorized into any/advanced (all higher reported groups) versus no/less advanced (lowest reported group). Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for BMD and fracture, respectively, using random-effects models., Results: Of 2 192 articles screened, 86 (61 553 participants) were included in the review, while 42 provided data for meta-analysis. AAC was associated with lower BMD at the total hip (SMD = -1.05 [95%CI: -1.47 to -0.63]; 16 studies), femoral neck (-0.25 [-0.46 to-0.04]; 10), and lumbar spine (-0.67 [-1.21 to -0.12]; 20). AAC was associated with a greater risk of any fracture (RR = 1.73 [95%CI: 1.48-2.02]; 27). AAC was also associated with vertebral, non-vertebral, and hip fractures. In dose-response analysis, the highest AAC group had greater risks of any, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures., Conclusions: AAC is associated with lower BMD and increased fracture risk at multiple sites, underscoring the potential importance of vascular disease on skeletal health. Detection of AAC at the time of BMD testing may provide clinicians with prognostic information about bone health to enhance osteoporosis screening programs and fracture risk prediction., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2023
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41. Impaired muscle function, including its decline, is related to greater long-term late-life dementia risk in older women.
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Radavelli-Bagatini S, Macpherson H, Scott D, Daly RM, Hodgson JM, Laws SM, Zhu K, Prince RL, Lewis JR, and Sim M
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- Aged, Female, Humans, Independent Living, Muscles, Risk Factors, Dementia epidemiology, Dementia etiology, Hand Strength physiology
- Abstract
Background: Impaired muscle function has been identified as a risk factor for declining cognitive function and cardiovascular health, both of which are risk factors for late-life dementia (after 80 years of age). We examined whether hand grip strength and timed-up-and-go (TUG) performance, including their change over 5 years, were associated with late-life dementia events in older women and whether any associations provided independent information to Apolipoprotein E
ℇ 4 (APOEℇ 4) genotype., Methods: Grip strength and TUG were assessed in community-dwelling older women (mean ± SD; age 75.0 ± 2.6 years) at baseline (n = 1225) and 5 years (n = 1052). Incident 14.5-year late-life dementia events (dementia-related hospitalization/death) were obtained from linked health records. Cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham Risk Score), APOE genotyping, prevalent atherosclerotic vascular disease and cardiovascular-related medications were evaluated at baseline. These were included in multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazards models assessing the relationship between muscle function measures and late-life-dementia events., Results: Over follow-up, 207 (16.9%) women had a late-life dementia event. Compared with women with the highest grip strength (Quartile [Q] 4, 25.8 kg), those with the lowest grip strength (Q1, 16.0 kg) had greater hazard for a late-life dementia event (HR 2.27 95% CI 1.54-3.35, P < 0.001). For TUG, the slowest women (Q4, 12.4 vs. Q1, 7.4 s) also recorded a greater hazard for a late-life dementia event (HR 2.10 95% CI 1.42-3.10, P = 002). Weak hand grip (<22 kg) or slow TUG (>10.2 s) provided independent information to the presence of an APOEℇ 4 allele (n = 280, 22.9%). Compared with women with no weakness and no APOEℇ 4 allele, those with weakness and APOEℇ 4 allele had a greater hazard (HR 3.19 95% CI 2.09-4.88, P < 0.001) for a late-life dementia event. Women presenting with slowness and the APOEℇ 4 allele also recorded a greater hazard for a late-life dementia event (HR 2.59 95% CI 1.64-4.09, P < 0.001). For 5-year muscle function changes, compared with women with the lowest performance decrement (Q1), those with the largest decrement (Q4) had higher hazards for a late-life dementia event (grip strength HR 1.94 95% CI 1.22-3.08, P = 0.006; TUG HR 2.52 95% CI 1.59-3.98, P < 0.001) over the next 9.5 years., Conclusions: Weaker grip strength and slower TUG, and a greater decline over 5 years, were significant risk factors for a late-life-dementia event in community-dwelling older women, independent of lifestyle and genetic risk factors. Incorporating muscle function measures as part of dementia screening appears useful to identify high-risk individuals who might benefit from primary prevention programmes., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.)- Published
- 2023
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42. Cardiovascular disease, muscle function, and long-term falls risk: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.
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Gebre AK, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Rodríguez AJ, Zhu K, Schousboe JT, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Accidental Falls, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk Factors, Aging, Muscle Weakness, Muscles, Hand Strength physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases
- Abstract
Background: A few cross-sectional studies have highlighted inconsistent associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and musculoskeletal conditions. We sought to investigate the relationship between clinical CVD including subtypes, compromised muscle function, as well as incident self-reported and injurious falls in older women., Materials and Methods: 1431 community-dwelling older women (mean age ± SD; 75.2 ± 2.7 years) were included in over 14.5 years of a prospective study, the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing in Women. CVD (up to 18-years prior to the baseline visit) and injurious fall hospitalizations over 14.5 years were obtained from linked health records. Self-reported falls for five years were obtained via a written adverse event diary posted every four months. Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test and hand grip strength were used to assess mobility and muscle strength, respectively. Mobility impairment was defined as TUG performance >10.2 sec and muscle weakness characterized as grip strength <22 kg., Results: Over 5-years, 411 (28.7%) women reported a falls, while 567 (39.6%) were hospitalized due to an injurious fall over 14.5 years. Prior CVD events were associated with 32% (HR 1.32 95%CI, 1.06-1.64) and 29% (HR 1.29 95%CI, 1.07-1.56) increased risk of self-reported and injurious falls, respectively, in multivariable-adjusted models. When considering subtypes of CVD, only cerebrovascular disease was related to self-reported (HR 1.77; 95%CI, 1.15-2.72) and injurious falls requiring hospitalization (HR 1.51; 95%CI, 1.00-2.27). CVD was also associated with cross-sectional and prospective mobility impairments. However, no evidence for such relationships was observed for muscle weakness., Conclusions: Prevalent CVD events, particularly cerebrovascular disease, are related to an increased risk of long-term falls. These findings highlight the need to recognize increased falls risk in patients with CVD. Further, there is a need to understand whether incorporating prevalent CVD into falls screening tools improves risk stratification or affects model calibration., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None of authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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43. Higher Dietary Vitamin K Intake is Associated with Better Physical Function and Lower Long-Term Injurious Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women.
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Sim M, Smith C, Bondonno NP, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Blekkenhorst LC, Dalla Via J, McCormick R, Zhu K, Hodgson JM, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Cohort Studies, Australia, Vitamin K, Vitamin K 1, Independent Living
- Abstract
Background: In recent years, a potential beneficial role of Vitamin K in neuromuscular function has been recognised. However, the optimal dietary intake of Vitamin K to support muscle function in the context of falls prevention remains unknown., Objective: To examine the relationship of dietary Vitamin K1 and K2 with muscle function and long-term injurious fall-related hospitalisations in older women., Design: Cohort study., Participants: 1347 community-dwelling older Australian women ≥70 years., Measurements: A new Australian Vitamin K nutrient database, supplemented with published data, was used to calculate Vitamin K1 and K2 intake from a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Muscle function (grip strength and timed-up-and-go; TUG) as well plasma Vitamin D status (25OHD) were also assessed at baseline. Fall-related hospitalisations over 14.5 years were obtained from linked health records. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox-proportional hazard models were used to analyse the data., Results: Over 14.5 years of follow-up (14,774 person-years), 535 (39.7%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalisation. Compared to women with the lowest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 1, median 49 µg/d), those with the highest intake (Quartile 4, median 120 µg/d) had 29% lower odds (OR 0.71 95%CI 0.52-0.97) for slow TUG performance (>10.2 s), and 26% lower relative hazards of a fall-related hospitalisation (HR 0.74 95%CI 0.59-0.93) after multivariable adjustment. These associations were non-linear and plateaued at moderate intakes of ~70-100 µg/d. There was no relation to grip strength. Vitamin K2 intakes were not associated with muscle function or falls., Conclusion: A higher habitual Vitamin K1 intake was associated with better physical function and lower long-term injurious falls risk in community-dwelling older women. In the context of musculoskeletal health, Vitamin K1 found abundantly in green leafy vegetables should be promoted., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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- 2023
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44. Measures of carotid atherosclerosis and fall-related hospitalization risk: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.
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Gebre AK, Sim M, Via JD, Rodríguez AJ, Hodgson JM, Bondonno CP, Thompson PL, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Accidental Falls prevention & control, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Risk Factors, Aging, Hospitalization, Carotid Artery, Common diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery Diseases diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery Diseases epidemiology, Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Abstract
Background and Aims: We and others have identified links between cardiovascular conditions and poor musculoskeletal health. However, the relationship between measures of carotid atherosclerosis such as focal carotid plaque and common carotid intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) and falls remains understudied. This study examined the association between measures of carotid atherosclerosis and fall-related hospitalization over 11.5 years in community dwelling older women., Methods and Results: 1116 older women recruited in 1998 to a five-year randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of calcium supplementation in preventing fracture and who had undertaken B-mode ultrasound in 2001 (three years after the baseline clinical visit) were included in this study. The participants were followed for over 11.5 years as Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women (PLSAW). Over the follow up period, 428 (38.4%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalization. Older women with carotid plaque had 44% a higher relative hazard for fall-related hospitalization (HR 1.44; 95%CI, 1.18 to 1.76) compared to those without carotid plaque. The association persisted after adjustment for established falls risk factors such as measures of muscle strength and physical function.Each SD increase in the mean and maximum CCA-IMT was also associated with a higher risk of fall-related hospitalizations (HR 1.10; 95%CI, 1.00 to 1.21 and HR 1.11; 95%CI, 1.01 to 1.22, respectively)., Conclusions: Measures of carotid atherosclerosis are associated with a higher risk of fall-related hospitalization independent of established falls risk factors. These findings suggest the importance of vascular health when considering falls risk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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45. Higher Habitual Dietary Flavonoid Intake Associates With Less Extensive Abdominal Aortic Calcification in a Cohort of Older Women.
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Parmenter BH, Bondonno CP, Murray K, Schousboe JT, Croft K, Prince RL, Hodgson JM, Bondonno NP, and Lewis JR
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Polyphenols, Tea, Flavonoids, Diet adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: The extent of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a major predictor of vascular disease events. We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. Whether total dietary flavonoid intake impacts AAC remains unknown. Here, we extend our observations to habitual intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses, and specific flavonoid-containing foods, with the odds of extensive AAC., Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses on 881 females (median [interquartile range] age, 80 [78-82] years; body mass index, 27 [24-30] kg/m
2 ) from the PLSAW (Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women). Flavonoid intake was calculated from food-frequency questionnaires. Calcifications of the abdominal aorta were assessed on lateral lumbar spine images and categorized as less extensive or extensive. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations., Results: After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders, participants with higher (Q4), compared with lower (Q1) intakes, of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols had 36% (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.64 [0.43-0.95]), 39% (0.61 [0.40-0.93]) and 38% (0.62 [0.42-0.92]) lower odds of extensive AAC, respectively. In food-based analyses, higher black tea intake, the main source of total flavonoids (75.9%), associated with significantly lower odds of extensive AAC (2-6 cups/d had 16%-42% lower odds compared with 0 daily intake). In a subset of nonconsumers of black tea, the association of total flavonoid intake with AAC remained (Q4 versus Q1 odds ratio [95% CI], 0.11 [0.02-0.54])., Conclusions: In older women, greater habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensive AAC.- Published
- 2022
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46. Association of Abdominal Aortic Calcification with Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Bone Measures in Older Women: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.
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Dalla Via J, Sim M, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Zhu K, Hodgson JM, Gebre AK, Daly RM, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Radius diagnostic imaging, Tibia diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Bone Density, Calcium
- Abstract
We have previously shown that abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of advanced atherosclerotic disease, is weakly associated with reduced hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD). To better understand the vascular-bone health relationship, we explored this association with other key determinants of whole-bone strength and fracture risk at peripheral skeletal sites. This study examined associations of AAC with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-assessed total, cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone structure and strength of the radius and tibia among 648 community-dwelling older women (mean ± SD age 79.7 ± 2.5 years). We assessed associations between cross-sectional (2003) and longitudinal (progression from 1998/1999-2003) AAC assessed on lateral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images with cross-sectional (2003) and longitudinal (change from 2003 to 2005) pQCT bone measures at the 4% radius and tibia, and 15% radius. Partial Spearman correlations (adjusted for age, BMI, calcium treatment) revealed no cross-sectional associations between AAC and any pQCT bone measures. AAC progression was not associated with any bone measure after adjusting for multiple comparisons, despite trends for inverse correlations with total bone area at the 4% radius (r
s = - 0.088, p = 0.044), 4% tibia (rs = - 0.085, p = 0.052) and 15% radius (rs = - 0.101, p = 0.059). Neither AAC in 2003 nor AAC progression were associated with subsequent 2-year pQCT bone changes. ANCOVA showed no differences in bone measures between women with and without AAC or AAC progression, nor across categories of AAC extent. Collectively, these finding suggest that peripheral bone density and structure, or its changes with age, are not associated with central vascular calcification in older women., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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47. Dietary Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower long-term fracture-related hospitalization risk: the Perth longitudinal study of ageing women.
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Sim M, Strydom A, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno NP, McCormick R, Lim WH, Zhu K, Byrnes E, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR, and Prince RL
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- Aged, Aging, Australia, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Osteocalcin, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Vitamin K 2, Hip Fractures epidemiology, Vitamin K 1
- Abstract
This study examined the association between dietary Vitamin K1 intake with fracture-related hospitalizations over 14.5 years in community-dwelling older Australian women ( n = 1373, ≥70 years). Dietary Vitamin K1 intake at baseline (1998) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a new Australian Vitamin K nutrient database, which was supplemented with published data. Over 14.5 years, any fracture ( n = 404, 28.3%) and hip fracture ( n = 153, 10.7%) related hospitalizations were captured using linked health data. Plasma Vitamin D status (25OHD) and the ratio of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) to total osteocalcin (tOC) from serum was assessed at baseline. Estimates of dietary Vitamin K1 intake were supported by a significant inverse association with ucOC : tOC; a marker of Vitamin K status ( r = -0.12, p < 0.001). Compared to women with the lowest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 1, <61 μg d
-1 ), women with the highest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 4, ≥99 μg d-1 ) had lower hazards for any fracture- (HR 0.69 95%CI 0.52-0.91, p < 0.001) and hip fracture-related hospitalization (HR 0.51 95%CI 0.32-0.79, p < 0.001), independent of 25OHD levels, as part of multivariable-adjusted analysis. Spline analysis suggested a nadir in the relative hazard for any fracture-related hospitalizations at a Vitamin K1 intake of approximately 100 μg day-1 . For hip fractures, a similar relationship was apparent. Higher dietary Vitamin K1 is associated with lower long-term risk for any fracture- and hip fracture-related hospitalizations in community-dwelling older women.- Published
- 2022
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48. Abdominal aortic calcification, cardiac troponin I and atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in older women.
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Teh R, Prince RL, Sim M, Schousboe JT, Raymond WD, Szulc P, Lim W, Hodgson JM, Zhu K, Kiel DP, Schultz C, Thompson PL, and Lewis JR
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Troponin T, Atherosclerosis, Troponin I
- Abstract
Objective: Examine if two inexpensive measures of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (ASVD), abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) provide complementary information for 10-year ASVD mortality and all-cause mortality risk in older women., Methods: 908 community-dwelling women without prevalent ASVD (≥75 years) were followed-up between 2003 and 2013. AAC and plasma hs-cTnI measures were obtained in 2003. AAC was assessed on lateral spine images using a semiquantitative method (AAC24). Linked health records were used for mortality outcomes., Results: Mean±SD age was 79.9±2.6 years. 276 (30.4%) women died during follow-up, including 138 (15.2%) ASVD-related deaths. AAC24 and hs-cTnI were independently associated with ASVD and all-cause mortality (p<0.001). The cohort was dichotomised into four groups: (1) low AAC24 (AAC24: 0 or 1) and
1) and - Published
- 2022
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49. Creatinine to Cystatin C Ratio, a Biomarker of Sarcopenia Measures and Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women.
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Sim M, Dalla Via J, Scott D, Lim WH, Hodgson JM, Zhu K, Daly RM, Duque G, Prince RL, and Lewis JR
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- Accidental Falls, Aged, Biomarkers, Creatinine, Cystatin C, Female, Hand Strength physiology, Humans, Independent Living, Prospective Studies, Sarcopenia complications, Sarcopenia diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The ratio of creatinine to cystatin C (Cr:Cyc) has been proposed as a biomarker of sarcopenia, as greater Cr:Cyc is typically associated with greater muscle mass. We examined the relationship between Cr:Cyc with individual sarcopenia measures, 5-year self-reported falls, and 12-year fall-related hospitalizations in a prospective cohort study of 1 118 community-dwelling older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years)., Methods: Serum Cr:Cyc, hand grip strength, and timed-up-and-go performance were assessed at baseline (1998), while dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived appendicular lean mass (ALM)/height2 (m) was obtained in a subset of women at baseline and 1 year (n = 334). Incident 5-year self-reported falls and 12-year falls-related hospitalizations were considered., Results: In a multivariable-adjusted model, women with the lowest Cr:Cyc (Quartile [Q] 1) had 5% (1.0 kg) weaker grip strength, as well as 3.7% (0.22 kg/m2) and 5.5% (0.031) lower ALM adjusted for height2 or body mass index, respectively, compared to women in Q4 (all p < .05). 329 women reported an incident fall over 5 years, and 326 fall-related hospitalizations were recorded over 12 years. Women in Q1 of Cr:Cyc had a greater relative hazard for a fall over 5 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.01) and fall-related hospitalization over 12 years (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.13-2.07) compared to Q4 in the multivariable-adjusted model., Conclusion: These findings support further investigation into the use of Cr:Cyc as a muscle biomarker to help clinicians identify individuals at risk of falls for early inclusion into evidence-based primary prevention programs targeting improvements to diet and exercise., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2022
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50. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality independent of hip bone mineral density.
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Gebre AK, Prince RL, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Thompson PL, Zhu K, Lim WH, Sim M, and Lewis JR
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- Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Bone Density, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Ultrasonography, Calcaneus diagnostic imaging, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnostic imaging, Osteoporosis diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Osteoporosis has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease previously. However, few studies have detailed bone and vascular information. In a prospective study of older women, we demonstrated heel quantitative ultrasound measures were associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors., Introduction: Osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) have been previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone material properties, especially in older women. However, it is uncertain whether it is related to risk of mortality. This study was aimed to investigate the association between calcaneal QUS measurements and 15-year all-cause and CVD mortality in 1404 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years)., Methods: One thousand four hundred four older women, participants of Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome study (CAIFOS), had calcaneal bone measured at baseline (1998) and followed for 15 years. The primary outcomes, any deaths, and deaths attributable to cardiovascular causes ascertained by using linked data were obtained from Western Australia data linkage system., Results: Over the 15 years of follow-up (17,955 person years), 584 of the women died, and 223 from CVD. For every standard deviation (SD), reduction in broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in minimally and multivariable-adjusted model including cardiovascular risk factors increased relative hazards for all-cause (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.15; 95%CI: 1.06-1.26, p = 0.001) and CVD mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.38, p = 0.010). Such relationships also persisted when hip BMD was included in the model (all-cause mortality HR 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07-1.33, p = 0.002; CVD mortality HR 1.28; 95%CI: 1.07-1.53, p = 0.008)., Conclusion: BUA is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in older women independent of BMD and established CVD risk factors. Understanding why and how these are related may provide further insights about the bone-vascular nexus as well as therapeutic targets benefiting both systems., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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