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Jet-1 Agribun is one of the Indonesian Jatropha new varieties suitable for rainfed areas with a high yield of dry seed and oil content. The field trial was conducted at Asembagus Experimental Station in Situbondo, East Java from February to December 2019 and aimed to observe the potential of Jatropha Jet-1 Agribun under rainfed conditions. Observation on seed yield and growth components of Jatropha plantation was also made in two and three years old Jet-1 Agribun. Results of the observation showed that Jet-1 Agribun in the first year produced seed 471.8 kg/ha. A two-year-old plant produced a dry seed of 3,958.7 kg/ha. Three-year-old plants after pruning produced dry seed 910.95 kg/ha and 916.04 kg/ha at 1 m x 1 m and 2 m x 2 m, respectively, indicating that wider spacing is more allowable for cropping with food crops until the canopy closes. Development of Jatropha should be integrated with food crops or other crops through intercropping systems, by using the land around the plants until the canopy closes.

A field experiment was conducted at Kediri, East Java, to examine the influence of row spacing on the yield of five promising clones from August 2018-June 2020. The investigation was of a Split-Plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three planting arrangements: SR, single row spacing at 110 cm, DR1, double rows spacing 50+135 cm, and DR2, double rows spacing 50+170 cm. Sub-plots consisted of five promising clones and one check variety: MLG 5, MLG 9, MLG 14, MLG 52, MLG 55, and PS 881. The results suggest no overall significant effect of planting arrangement on sugar yield, though clones may vary. There are significant differences in yield between some clones. Wider rows, DR2, show the highest yield in tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH) in PC (153.94 t/ha) with a slight decrease (14%) in RC-1 due to reduced plant population. Sugar yield in tonnes of sugar per hectare (TSH) in various planting arrangements ranges from 12.26-13.99 t/ha in PC and 10.68-11.93 t/ha in RC-1. MLG 9 can be released as a new variety with high cane and sugar yields.

Newly released sugarcane varieties need to be adapted to various environments. This research was aimed at examining the growth and yield potential of newly released varieties of sugarcane in the first year as plant cane (PC) and the second year as first ratoon cane (RC1) on dry land. The research was carried out at Wedarijaksa station, Trangkil Sugar Mill area, Pati, Central Java in 2019–2021. Four sugarcane varieties were grown using a double rows system, AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, AMS Agribun, and CMG Agribun and one commercial variety, PSJK 922. Measurements of crop growth were made periodically: yield components at harvest in PC-RC1, and physiological characteristics 5 months after planting. The results indicate that mean tonnes of cane and sugar per hectare between PC and RC1 decreased by 22.7% and 21.0%, respectively, for AAS Agribun, ASA Agribun, and CMG Agribun due to decreased stem weights. AMS Agribun showed the smallest decrease in tonnes of cane (4%) and increase in tonnes of sugar per hectare (2%) from PC to RC1. The highest number of tonnes of sugar in PC was achieved by ASA Agribun (12.8 t ha−1), slightly above PSJK 922 (12.69 t ha−1). The decline in tonnes of cane and sugar needs to be reduced by the continuously improving cultivation techniques. The mean photosynthetic water use efficiency of tested new varieties was 7.46 µmol CO2 mol H2O−1. These research findings provide information on crop performance and can be used as a basis for selecting varieties to be developed in the region. Further studies will be required to test these new sugarcane varieties in a wide range of agroecological zones in Indonesia.

More than 40% of the potential gap of varieties of sugarcane with actual results in the field is one of the causes of sugar self-sufficiency in Indonesia which has not been reached. The limited knowledge about the responsiveness of early maturity sugarcane varieties to ferlization is one of the factors causing the large gap. The study aims to determine the responsiveness of new superior early maturity sugarcane varieties conducted in Janti Village, Kediri during July 2018 – August 2019. The study was arranged in a split plot design and repeated 3 times. The main plot consists of 5 fertilizing doses (0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2, and 1.3 times the recommended dose). The subplots consists of 6 new varieties of early maturity sugarcane (MLG 5, MLG 9, MLG 14, PSMLG 2, PSMLG 1, and PS 881). Regression analysis is used to determine the form of response. The optimum dose was determined using the first derivative for closed quadratic equations and was determined > 1.3 times for positive linear equations. Varieties were grouped based on their optimum dose into five groups (no response, little response, sufficient response, more response, and very responsive). The results showed that the MLG 5, PSMLG 1, and PS 881 were classified as sufficient response, while MLG 9, MLG 14, and PSMLG 2 were classified as very responsive to fertilization.

In Indonesia, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is mostly cultivated in drylands, thus depending on rainfall for crop growth and development. Rainfall is an essential factor affecting sugarcane productivity. The global climate indices can be used to investigate potential of rainfall within a given area and its relationship with crop productivity. This reserach aimed to analyze the relationship between the global climate index, rainfall, and sugarcane productivity in drylands near Glenmore sugar mill, i.e., Benculuk and Jolondoro, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The global climate index data used were the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) between 1995 and 2014. Results of this research showed that SOI and SST can be used to predict the rainfall in both Benculuk and Jolondoro. Rainfall (y) can be predicted with SST data (x) using the equation of y = -352.49x + 7724.1 in Benculuk and y = -107.32 + 3443.4 in Jolondoro, as well as with SOI data (x) using the equation of y = 38.664x + 1555.1 in Benculuk and y = 10.541x + 1567.8 in Jolondoro. Sugarcane productivity (y) in Jolondoro can be predicted using data of total rainfall (x) between October and March with the following equation: y = -0.1672x + 1157.3. This equation can be used by sugar mills, sugarcane growers, and other sugarcane-relevant stakeholders for determining the appropriate growing season.

Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah reaksi transesterifikasi tanpa katalis berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga dikhawatirkan reaksinya tidak stabil, serta kebutuhan input energi yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tidak layak teknis. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat reaksi transesterifikasi diperlukan katalis. Penggunaan KOH 1% dan NaOH 0,75% sebagai katalis pada proses transesterifikasi dapat mempercepat reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji kemiri sunan, campuran dari beberapa aksesi, yang dihasilkan dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% dan KOH 1 % dibandingkan dengan SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel. Metode pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan meliputi tahapan degumming, transesterifikasi, separasi dan pencucian. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Biodiesel kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75% memiliki nilai kadar air 0,03%, densitas 0,89 (g/cm3 ), angka asam 0,38 mg/KOH/g, angka iod 42,67, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 °C 5,45 °C, dan titik nyala 173 °C. Biodiesel dengan penambahan katalis NaOH 0,75% menghasilkan mutu lebih baik dari penambahan katalis KOH 1%. Biodiesel dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% sudah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel pada parameter mutu yang diukur (kadar air, densitas, angka asam, angka iod, viskositas kinematik, dan titik nyala). Parameter lain dalam SNI 04-7182-2015 yang belum dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75%. Characteristics of Toxic-Candlenut Biodiesel with NaOH and KOH Catalysts Non-food oils, such as toxic candlenut seed oil, have the opportunity to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The problem that arises in biodiesel process is the slowly transesterification reaction, when without a catalyst will cause unstable reaction, need very high energy inputs, so that makes it technically unfeasible. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to accelerate the transesterification reaction. The use of 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH in the transesterification process can accelerate the reaction. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of biodiesel from toxic candlenut oil, a mixture of several accessions of the toxic candlenuts, which was produced with 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH catalyst. The results were then compared to the characteristics of those determined in SNI 04-7182-2015 of Biodiesel. The method in producing biodiesel included the stages of degumming, transesterification, separation and washing. The experiment was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory of IRSFCRI in August to December 2019. Toxic candlenut biodiesel using 0.75% NaOH catalyst has a value of moisture content (0.03%), density (0.89 g/cm 3 ), acid number (0.38 mg/KOH/g), iodine number (42.67), kinematic viscosity at temperature 40°C (5.45°C), and flash point (173°C). Biodiesel quality with 0.75% NaOH is better than that of 1% KOH catalyst. Biodiesel with 0.75% NaOH catalyst has achieved the requirement of the SNI 04-7182-2015 on Biodiesel on almost all parameters (i.e., water content, density, acid number, iodine number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point). Other parameters in SNI 04-7182-2015 that have not been reported in this study need further research on biodiesel of toxic candlenut oil using 0.75% NaOH catalyst. Toxic candlenut biodiesel is expected to be used for biofuel.

Penelitian pengaturan kerapalan galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai dilakukan di IPPTP Mojosari, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada lahan sawah sesudah padi dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktobcr 2000. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kerapalan lanaman yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak tcrbagi dengan 4 varictas'galur (92016/6, 91001 29 2, 88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7) sebagai pelak utama Anak petak terdiri atas 3 tata tanam yaitu (1) tala tanam 1(1); 3, yaitu I bans kapas (I tan 'lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai, (2) tata tanam 2 (1) 4 yaitu 2 baris kapas(l tan.'lubang) dan 4 baris kedelai, (3) tata tanam 1 (2)3 yaitu 1 baris (2 tan 'lubang dan 3 bais kedelai) Jarak lanam kapas dan kedelai pada (ala tanam 1(1) 3 adalah 150 x 20 cm dan 25 x 20 cm, pada tata tanam 2( I ):4 adalah 150 (60) cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 20 cm, dan tata tanam 1 (2) 3 adalah 150 cm x 30 cm dan 25 cm x 20 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lata tanam yang sesuai pada galur varietas baru kapas adalah tata tanam 1(1)3 |1 baris kapas (1 tan lubang) dan tiga baris kedelai] Mengurangi jumlah lanaman kapas tiap lubang dari 2 menjadi I lanaman pada tata tanam 1 (2)3 (1 baris kapas (2 lan lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai) meningkatkan eisiensi fotosintcsis dai 59 x 10 menjadi 9.4 x 10"" mgC02.mgll20 sehingga produksi kapas meningkat dari 1 167 2 menjadi I 251 6 kgha, sedangkan produksi kedelai tidak berpengaruh yaitu rata-rata 846 kgha Apabila dialur dalam sistem 2:4 (2 baris kapas diantara 4 baris kedelai), maka eisiensi fotosintcsis hanya meningkat dari 5.9 x \0A menjadi 77 x 10 mg C02mg H20 sehingga produksi kapas hanya meningkat dari I 167 2 menjadi I 206 2 kgha Pada kedua sistem lanam tersebut produktivitas galur 8800316/2 (1 323.3 kgha) lidak berbeda dengan Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha) dan nyata lebih tinggi daripada galur 920166 (1 096 9 kgha) maupun 91001.29/2 (1 048 0 kgha).Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum. kapas. Glycine Max, kedelai, kerapatan lanaman, tumpangsari, hasil ABSTRACTDensity of neyv cotton lines under intercropping system with soybeanThe ield trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean was conducted in Mojosari. East Java from May lo October 2000 on the rice ield ater harvest. The purpose of the study was to investigate die optimum population for new cotton lines under intercropping with soybean The field experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Pour new cotton lines were allocated lo main plots 92016 6, 91001/29.2 (okra leal). 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 'Three crop arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 1 (1 ):3 [1 cotton row (I plant/hole) in between 3 rows of soybean), 2(1 ):4 [ 2 coton rows (1 plant/hole) in between 4 rows of soybean, and 1(2):3 (1 cotton row (2 planlholc) in between 3 rows of soybean). Two replications for sole crops of cotton and soybean were included in this expeiment lo compare both cropping systems. Research showed that by keeping one cotton plant/hole under intercropping system wi(h soybean in arrangement of 1:3 11 conon row in between 3 rows of soybean), increased the photosynthetic efficiency from 5 9 x 10"* to 9.4 x 10"* mg C02/mg H20, causing cotton yield increased from 1167.2 to 1 251.6 kg/ha; however soybean yield did not differ between different propotions of cotton and soybean (846 kg/ha) Under arrangement of Iwo cotton rows * four rows of soybean, the photosynthetic efficiency increased from 5.9 x 10"1 to 7.7 x 10"* mg COj'mg HjO resulted in increased cotton yield from I 167.2 lo 1 206.2 kgha Ihe yield of line 88003/16 2 (1 323.3 kgha) did not differ with that on Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha); both were higher than those on 92016/6 (1 096.9 kg/ha) and 91001 /29/2 (1 048.0 kgha).Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, kapas. Glycine Max, soybean, crop density, intercropping, yield

Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari ABSTRACT Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.

Tanaman kapas dengan bentuk daun yang menjari (okra) diharapkanbisa dikembangkan dengan sistem tanam rapat untuk meningkatkan hasilkapas berbiji. Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Asem-bagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur mulai Februari-Juli 2007 dan bertujuanuntuk mengetahui kesesuaian galur kapas berdaun okra pada sistem tanamrapat. Sistem tanam rapat yang dimaksud adalah sistem tanam monokulturdengan jarak tanam dalam barisan dirapatkan yaitu dengan jarak tanam100 cm x 10 cm (100.000 tan/ha). Percobaan disusun dalam rancanganacak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan dan 1 ulangan monokultur dengan sistemtanam normal (100 cm x 25 cm; 40.000 tan/ha). Perlakuan terdiri dari 14galur/varietas kapas yang terdiri atas 12 galur berdaun okra dan 2 varietasberdaun normal (Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13) sebagai pembanding.Paramater yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi, jumlahcabang generatif, jumlah buah/tanaman setiap bulan mulai 60-120 HST.Bobot buah, jumlah buah terpanen dan hasil kapas berbiji diamati saatpanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan populasi tanam-an menurunkan jumlah cabang generatif, jumlah buah dan bobot buah pertanaman. Semua galur okra yang dicoba pada sistem tanam rapat rata-ratahanya meningkatkan hasil kapas berbiji 2,12% dibanding pada populasinormal. Rata-rata hasil kapas berbiji galur okra pada populasi rapat adalah2.315,8 kg/ha dan pada populasi normal 2.293,2 kg/ha. Selanjutnya hasilkapas berbiji berdaun normal Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13 pada populasirapat masing-masing 2.159 dan 2.179 kg/ha dan pada populasi normal1.983 kg/ha dan 2.525 kg/ha. Galur okra 98040/3 dan 98048/2 menghasil-kan produksi tertinggi pada populasi rapat (masing-masing 2.640 kg/hadan 2.627 kg/ha) dan pada populasi normal (2.688 kg/ha dan 2.807 kg/ha).Kedua galur okra tersebut mempunyai potensi hasil yang lebih tinggidibanding kapas berdaun normal (Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13) baik padapopulasi rapat maupun populasi normal.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tanam rapat, daun okraABSTRACTSuitability of Cotton Lines with Okra Leaves UnderNarrow Interrow SpacingOkra leaf cotton crop may have a potential increase in the seedcotton yield under narrow inter row spacing. Okra leaf cotton lines weretested in relative performance under high interrow spacing. The field trialwas conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, EastJava from February to July 2007. Okra leaf cotton lines were planted asmonocrop with plant spacing of 100 cm between rows and 10 cm withinrows (100,000 plants/ha). Experiment was arranged in a randomized blockdesign with three replicates. In addition, one plot was allocated formonocrop with normal inter row spacing (100 cm between rows and 25 cmwithin rows; 40,000 plants/ha). Fourteen selected cotton lines consistingof 12 lines with okra leaf and 2 varieties (Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13) withnormal leaf as check varieties were tested. Cotton plant height, canopywidth, number of fruiting branches, and boll/plant were measured monthlyfrom 60-120 dap. Boll weight, number of harvested bolls, and seed cottonyield were counted at harvesting. Results showed that increased plantdensity resulted in reduced fruiting branches, boll count, and boll weight.The okra leaf cotton under high crop density system showed a yieldincrease by 2.12% compared to normal spacing. Average seed cotton yieldunder narrow interrow spacing was 2,315.8 kg/ha and the average yieldunder normal interrow spacing was 2,293.2 kg/ha. Okra lines cotton98040/3 and 98048/2 showed the highest yield under narrow interrowspacing (2,640 and 2,627 kg/ha) and under normal interrow spacing (2,688kg/ha dan 2,807 kg/ha). Both lines offered higher yield than those withnormal leaf under high interrow spacing and normal population.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., high interrow spacing, okra leaf

Pengaturan kerapatan tanam pada galur harapan kapas perludilakukan agar penggunaan sumberdaya lebih efisien dan tidakmengganggu tanaman palawija yang ditumpangsarikan. Pengaturantanaman dilakukan sedemikian rupa untuk memberikan ruang tumbuhyang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman.Penelitian kerapatan tanam galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsaridengan jagung dilakukan di lahan petani di Desa Pendem, KecamatanNgaringan, Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah pada lahan kering/tadahhujan dari bulan Desember 2002 hingga Mei 2003. Tujuan penelitianuntuk mendapatkan kerapatan tanam yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapaspada sistem tumpangsari dengan jagung. Percobaan disusun dalamrancangan petak terbagi dengan varietas sebagai petak utama dankerapatan tanaman sebagai anak petak yang diulang 3 kali dan 2 ulanganmonokultur kapas dan jagung. Sebagai petak utama adalah 3 varietas/galurkapas: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, dan Kanesia 7; dan anak petak terdiri daritiga kerapatan tanam : 2 : 2 (2 baris kapas dan 2 baris jagung); 2 : 3 (2baris kapas dan 3 baris jagung); dan 3 : 2 (3 baris kapas dan 2 barisjagung). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan tanam yangsesuai pada galur/varietas harapan kapas adalah kerapatan tanam 3 : 2 (3baris kapas dan dua baris jagung) dengan produksi kapas 1.563,9 kg/hadan jagung 3.840,7 kg/ha. Pada kerapatan tanam tersebut, populasi kapasadalah 32.566 tanaman/ha (81% dari populasi monokultur) dan jagung38.000 tanaman/ha (72% dari monokultur). Produktivitas kapas galur92016/6 mencapai 1.583,9 kg/ha dan nyata lebih tinggi dibanding galur88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7 pada berbagai kerapatan tanam.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, Zeamays, kerapatan tanaman,tumpangsariABSTRACTArrangement of crop densities for new cotton lines underintercropping system with maizeThe arrangement of crop densities for cotton new varieties/lines isneeded to improve the use of natural resources under intercropping systemwith maize. The field trial on different crop densities for new cotton linesunder intercropping system with maize was conducted in Grobogan,Central Java in rainy season 2002/2003. The purpose of the study was toinvestigate the optimum population for new cotton lines underintercropping with maize. The field experiment was arranged in a SplitPlot Design with three replications. Three new cotton lines/varieties wereallocated to main plots: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, and Kanesia 7. Three croparrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 2 : 2 [2 cotton rows and 2 rowsof maize]; 2 : 3 [ 2 cotton rows and 3 rows of maize] and 3:2 [ 3 cottonrows and 2 rows of maize]. Results showed that the crop arrangement forcotton and maize under intercropping system is 3 cotton rows and 2 rowsof maize, with cotton yield 1,563.9 kg/ha and maize 3,840.7 kg/ha. Cottonyield of 92016/6 is higher than those of 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 underthe all crop arrangement tested.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, Zea mays, crop density, intercropping

Curah hujan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang sangatberpengaruh terhadap produksi kapas. Variasi hujan di lahan tadah hujanJawa Tengah sangat tinggi sehingga diperlukan penetapan waktu tanam.Waktu tanam ditetapkan berdasarkan analisis hujan lebih dari 20 tahundari 31 stasiun hujan yang tersebar di Kabupaten Grobogan, Wonogiri,Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, dan Brebes. Data dianalisis menggunakan metodepeluang Markov Order Pertama dan perhitungan peluang selang keringberturut-turut. Peluang hujan yang dianalisis berupa peluang hujanmingguan lebih dari 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 mm. Besar peluang hujanmingguan lebih dari 60% untuk mendapatkan hujan lebih dari 20 mm dan30 mm dipakai dalam penentuan minggu tanam, selanjutnya disesuaikandengan peluang kering berturut-turut. Minggu tanam paling lambat (MPL)di Kabupaten Grobogan dan Wonogiri berkisar minggu I Desember sampaiminggu I Januari. MPL di Kabupaten Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, dan Brebesadalah minggu I-IV Januari. Sebagian besar lahan yang digunakan untukkapas bertekstur liat dengan kandungan liat di atas 60%. Ketersediaan airdari hujan cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air kapas dan didukung olehkemampuan tanah menyimpan air yang tinggi.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, waktu tanam, periode kering,masa tanam, Jawa TengahABSTRACTCotton planting times in Central JavaClimatic elements particularly rainfall strongly influences successfulprediction of rainfed cotton yield. Rainfall variability varies amongst theseasons. Longterm rainfall data were required for rainfall analysis to getreliable probabilities. The rainfall analysis was done using Markov ChainFirst Order Probability and dryspell probability methods. Initial andconditional probabilities of rainfall for selected amounts (10, 20, 30, 40and 50 mm/week) were analysed. Rainfall probabilities over 60% to have20-30 mm rainfall per week were used to identify cotton planting times.The rainfall data were collected from 31 rainfall stations in Central Java(Grobogan, Wonogiri, Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, and Brebes). The plantingtimes varied from the first week of December to the first week of Januaryfor Grobogan and Wonogiri. The planting times in Blora, Pemalang,Tegal, and Brebes ranged from early to late January. The majority of landused for cotton has high clay content with high water holding capacitywhich is sufficient to meet the cotton water requirement.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, planting time, dryspell,seasonal pattern, Central Java

Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Muktiharjo, Pati dengan tekstur tanah liatberdebu mulai tahun 2007 sampai 2009. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengetahui respon pengairan terhadap produksi dan kadar minyak bijijarak pagar. Jarak pagar ditanam pada bulan Februari 2007. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan petak berjalur dengan tiga ulangan yang terdiridari dua faktor, yaitu faktor pertama : provenan IP-1A, IP-1M, dan IP-1P,dan faktor kedua yaitu kriteria pengairan : kontrol (tanpa pengairan),pengairan saat kandungan air tanah mencapai 35, 50, dan 65%. Pengairandiberikan selama musim kemarau. Pemangkasan pertama dilakukan padatahun II yaitu awal musim hujan (September 2008). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tambahan pengairan hanya diperlukan pada tahunpertama. Produksi biji jarak pagar tidak dipengaruhi oleh irigasi mulaitahun II sehingga tanaman jarak pagar tidak memerlukan tambahanpengairan selama musim kemarau dan dapat beradaptasi pada berbagaiketersediaan air tanah terutama pada daerah dengan curah hujan tahunan1.200-1.500 mm. Produksi biji IP-1P pada tahun I mencapai 258,7 kg/halebih tinggi dibanding IP-1A yaitu 148,11 kg/ha bila diairi saat kandunganair tanah 65%. Bila tidak diairi atau pengairan terbatas, produksi biji IP-1Adan IP-1P akan menurun masing-masing 37-59 dan 17-31%. Pada berbagaiperlakuan pengairan pada tahun II dan III, kisaran produksi biji 842-975dan 818-966 kg/ha. Pada tahun II, tanaman IP-1P menghasilkan produksibiji tertinggi (1.369 kg/ha) dibanding IP-1A (737 kg/ha) dan IP-1M (631kg/ha). Selanjutnya pada tahun III, produksi biji IP-1P (1.268 kg/ha) tetaplebih unggul dibanding IP-1A (902 kg/ha) dan IP-1M (416 kg/ha).Keunggulan IP-1P dibanding provenan lainnya adalah kemampuannyayang lebih tinggi dalam membentuk cabang produktif dan buah. Tambahanpengairan selama musim kemarau pada tahun I selain untuk meningkatkanproduksi biji juga meningkatkan kandungan minyak biji IP-1A dari 27,26menjadi 29,89% dan IP-1P dari 26,54 menjadi 30,05%. Selanjutnya padatahun II, tambahan pengairan sampai kandungan air tanah 50% tidakmempengaruhi kandungan minyak biji IP-1A, IP-1M, dan IP-1P.Kata kunci: Jarak pagar, ketersediaan air tanah, pengairan, produksi biji,kandungan minyak bijiABSTRACTEffects of irrigation on seed production and oil content ofthree provenances of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)A field experiment was conducted at the experiment station ofIndonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute in Muktiharjo, Pation a soil texture of silty clay for three years from 2007 to 2009. Theexperiment aimed to investigate the response of irrigation on productionand oil content of jatropha seed. Jatropha was planted in February 2007.The experiment used a striped plot design with three replicates. Itconsisted of two factors, firstly three provenances : IP-1A, IP-1M, and IP-1P, and secondly four irrigation levels : control (no irrigation), irrigationwhen available soil water content reached 35, 50, and 65%. Irrigation wasapplied during the dry season. The first pruning was done in the secondyear during rainy season (September 2008). The results showed thatsupplementary irrigation was needed only in the first year. The productionof jatropha seeds was not affected by irrigation from the second year on.The plants did not require additional irrigation during the dry season andthey well adapted to different soil available water, especially in areas withannual rainfall of 1,200-1,500 mm. When no irrigation supply or underinsufficient moisture content, the seed yield of IP-1A and IP-1P decreasedby 37-59 and 17-31%. In the second and third years, seed production of allirrigation treatments ranged from 842-975 and about 818-966 kg/ha. IP-1Pproduced the highest seed yield (1,369 kg/ha) compared to IP-1A (737kg/ha) and IP-1M (631 kg/ha) second year. In the third year, seedproduction of IP-1P was 1,268 kg/ha which was still more superior thanIP-1A (902 kg/ha) and IP-1M (416 kg/ha). Compared to the other twoprovenances, IP-1P was higher ability in producing productive branchesand fruits. In addition to increase in seed production, supplementaryirrigation during the dry season in the first year also increased seed oilcontent from 27.26 to 29.89% for IP-1A and from 26.54 to 30.05% for IP-1P. Furthermore, in the second year an additional irrigation to soilavailable water of 50% did not affect the seed oil content of allprovenances.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., soil available water, irrigation, seedyield, seed oil content

Tanaman tebu merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang strategis berkaitan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gula. Saat ini berbagai tipe kemasakan varietas tebu dapat ditemui pada tipologi lahan yang sama sehingga potensi varietas akan sulit dicapai pada tipologi lahan yang tidak sesuai. Untuk itu kesesuaian varietas tebu dengan tipe kemasakan yang berbeda perlu diuji dengan tipologi lahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Gili Timur, Kecamatan Kamal, Kabupaten Bangkalan dengan tipologi lahan tekstur tanah berat (B), lahan tadah hujan (H), dan drainase lancar (L) atau BHL mulai Oktober 2014 sampai September 2015. Penelitian lapang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 5 kali dengan 8 perlakuan varietas dengan tipe kemasakan yang berbeda yaitu PS 881 (Awal); Cenning, PSJK 922, dan PS 882 (Awal Tengah); KK, VMC 76-16, PSDK 923, dan BL (Tengah Lambat). Varietas tebu yang ditanam menggunakan benih bagal mata 2–3 dengan PKP 135 cm. Kesesuaian tipologi lahan BHL dengan tipe kemasakan varietas tebu menunjukkan bahwa varietas tebu tipe kemasakan awal bila ditanam tepat waktu menghasilkan produktivitas sama dengan varietas masak tengah lambat dengan tingkat produktivitas (92,98–109,28 ton/ha). Varietas tebu dengan tipe ke masakan awal sampai awal tengah menghasilkan produktivitas tebu 93–96 ton/ha menggunakan varietas PS 881, Cenning, dan PSJK 922, dan varietas tengah lambat menghasilkan produktivitas tebu 92-109 ton/ha menggunakan varietas VMC-7616, PSDK 923, dan BL. Produksi hablur tertinggi varietas masak awal 8,46 ton/ha (PS 881), varietas awal tengah 8,66 ton/ha (PSJK 922), varietas tengah lambat 9,40 ton/ha (PSDK 923). Panen tebu dilakukan berdasarkan tingkat kemasakan yang optimal, di lokasi penelitian (wilayah Bangkalan, Madura) varietas tipe kemasakan awal sampai awal tengah mencapai tingkat kemasakan optimal pada saat tanaman mencapai umur 9 bulan dan 9,5 bulan setelah tanam pada tipe kemasakan tengah lambat. Dengan demikian pada tipologi lahan BHL direkomendasikan penggunaan varietas tebu dengan tipe kemasakan awal sampai tengah lambat. Informasi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pelaksanaan penataan varietas tebu. Pemilihan varietas yang berproduksi tinggi dan tahan kepras serta sesuai dengan lingkungan setempat sangat dianjurkan. Sugar cane is one of the strategic plantation crops associated with the fulfillment of sugar. At present various types of ripening sugarcane varieties can be found on the same land typology, so the potential productivity of a variety would be difficult to achieve on a typology that is not appropriate. The suitability of sugarcane varieties with different maturity types need to be checked with appropriate land typology. The research was conducted in East Gili, Kamal, Bangkalan on the land typology of heavy soil texture (B), the rainfed (H), and good drainage (L) or BHL started in October 2014 to September 2015. The field research was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with five replications with 8 varieties treatments namely PS 881 (early maturity), Cenning, PSJK 922 and PS 882 (middle early maturity); KK, VMC 76-16, PSDK 923 and BL (middle late maturity). Sugarcane stalks with 2-3 buds of each variety were planted per plot at 135 cm row spacing. Suitability of sugarcane varieties with different maturity types with land tipology showed that early maturity sugarcane varieties planted at the right time produced the similar productivity with late maturity varieties on lands with BHL tipology with a ranges of productivity 92.98 to 109.28 tons/ha. Sugarcane varieties with early maturity to mid early maturity of sugarcane produced 93-96 tons/ha using PS 881, Cenning, and PSJK 922, and varieties with mid late to late maturity produced 92-109 tonnes/ha using VMC-7616, PSDK 923, and BL. High sugar yields were produced by early variety of 8.46 tonnes/ha (PS 881), mid early variety of 8.66 tonnes/ha (PSJK 922), mid late variety of 9,40 tonnes/ha (PSDK 923). Cane harvesting was done based on the optimum maturity, in the study site (Bangkalan, Madura) cane varieties with early to middle early maturty reached the optimal maturity at the crop age of 9 months and 9.5 months in middle late maturity. Thus the land tipology of BHL recommended the use of sugarcane varieties with early to mid late maturity. This information can be used as a basis for the implementation of the planting management of sugarcane varieties. Selection of high yielding varieties and ratooning ability and appropriate to the local environment is highly recommended.

Pengujian teknologi budi daya jarak pagar yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas biji jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan tiga tahun (2012–2014) di Kebun Percobaan Asem-bagus, Situbondo dengan karakter lahan kering, bertujuan untuk menguji tiga paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar yang dapat meningkatkan produksi biji jarak pagar. Pengujian paket teknologi dilakukan pada sistem tanam baru IP-3A pada populasi rapat, pertanaman hasil rehabilitasi dengan sambung samping IP-3A dan pangkas IP-3A. Tanaman sela kacang tanah ditanam di antara tanaman jarak pagar. Komponen produksi dan produksi biji jarak pagar diamati saat panen dan diakumulasi per tahun. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya tanaman jarak pagar pada sistem tanam baru menghasilkan produktivitas biji yang meningkat dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga masing-masing 253,6 kg/ha; 1.277,2 kg/ha; dan 1.640,3 kg/ha. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi dengan sistem sambung samping menghasilkan produktivitas biji dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga berturut-turut 436,0 kg/ha, 3.434,5 kg/ha, dan 1.409,1 kg/ha dan produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah berturut-turut 960,0 kg/ha, 913,6 kg/ha, dan 1.233,3 kg/ha polong kering. Pengujian paket teknologi budi daya jarak pagar hasil rehabilitasi dengan pangkas menghasilkan produktivitas biji dari tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga berturut-turut 529,8 kg/ha; 2.460,2 kg/ha; dan 1.567,3 kg/ha dan produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah berturut-turut 856,5 kg/ha; 300,46 kg/ha; dan 533,30 kg/ha polong kering. Teknologi budi daya tanaman jarak pagar yang diterapkan disesuaikan dengan kondisi tanaman yang ada. Penggunaan varietas yang dianjurkan yang sesuai dengan agroekosistemnya sangat dianjurkan melalui penanaman tanaman baru atau sambung samping. Tanaman yang telah meng-gunakan varietas baru dan telah melewati umur produktif (tiga tahun) dapat dilakukan pangkas bawah. Development of physic nut as an alternative energy source requires an optimized cultivation technology support. The field research was done in three consecutive years (2012–2014) in Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo to test physic nut cultivation technologies to improve productivity. Testing the cultivation technology package was performed on the new planted physic nut IP-3A, crop rejuvenation by grafting with entresIP-3A and pruning the IP-3A clone. Groundnut was planted as intercropwith physic nut, and after groundnut has been harvested, Crotalaria juncea was planted and harvested at the age of 45 days then mulched between physic nut plants. Yield components and yields of physic nut were recorded andaccumu-lated within a year. The application of cultivation technologies on new plating system resulted in agradually increase in seed yield from the first year to the third year consecutively, 253.6 kg/ha, 1,277.2 kg/ha, and 1,640.3 kg/ha. Physic nut IP-3A rejuvenated with grafting produced seeds 436.0 kg/ha at the first year, 3,434.5 kg/ha at the second year, and 1,409.1 kg/ha at the third year, and groundnut yields from first tothird year were 960.0 kg/ha, 913.6 kg/ha, and 1,233.3 kg/ha dry pods respectively. Physic nut IP-3A rejuvenated with pruning system produced seeds 529.8 kg/ha at the first year, 2,460.2 kg/ha at the second year, and 1,567.3 kg/ha at the third year and groundnut yields from first tothirdyear were 856.5 kg/ha, 300.46 kg/ha, and 533.30 kg/ha dry pods consecutively. Thus physic nut cultivation technologies are applied according to the conditions of existing plants. The use of recommended varieties best fit to agro-ecosystem is highly recommended by planting new plants or grafting. It is ideal to take up pruning activities when the plant is no longer productive.

Dalam mendukung pencapaian swasembada gula, Pulau Madura menjadi salah satu sasaran lokasi pengembangan tebu. Di Kabupaten Sampang pengembangan usaha tani tebu dimulai sejak tahun 2009. Program inididukung oleh masuknya perusahaan perkebunan serta bantuan penganggaran dari APBN. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kelayakan secara sosial dan ekonomi serta potensi pengembangan usaha tani tebu ke depan dan untuk mengetahui peluang dari usaha tani tebu ini bagi masyarakat di Pulau Madura secara umum. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai September sampai Desember 2013 di lokasi-lokasi kecamatan pengembangan tebu Kabupaten Sampang. Informasi dikumpulkan dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder dan data primer melalui wawancara dengan individu maupun grup/kelompok masyarakat, dinas/institusi terkait. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran kondisi yang dihadapi dan pemecahan dari masalah yang dihadapi di wilayah yang diamati. Analisis aspek usaha tani meliputi data input-output komoditas existing dengan analisis finansial. Untuk melihat kelayakan usaha tani digunakan R/C Ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelayakan usaha tani tebu adalah kepemilikan lahan, insentif rangsangan dana bantuan sosial (Bansos) APBN dan subsidi pengembangan Tebu Madura (Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi), serta kerja sama kemitraaan dengan pabrik gula (PTPN X) yang menawarkan bantuan modal, subsidi saprotan, alat/mesin pertanian, serta jaminan pasar. Kemitraan yang telah ada antara PTPN X dengan petani tebu di Sampang dapat dikategorikan dalam tipe kemitraan subkontrak dan layak diteruskan. Skema yang sudah diterapkan dalam kontrak ini adalah pola kemitraan antara pemerintah daerah, swasta (PTPN X), dan petani tebu. Usaha tani tebu dengan R/C ratio sebesar 1,05 dan 1,68 dan pendapatan bersih Rp1.358.920,00/ha dan Rp14.024.360,00/ha pada usaha tani tebu awal dan tebu kepras I, membuktikan usaha tani tebu di lokasi penelitian sangat layak untuk diusahakan dan menguntungkan. Selain peluang bagi masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi lahan tidur dan sub-optimal untuk pengembangan usaha tani tebu yang memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat di Kabupaten Sampang. In order to achieve self-sufficient in sugar consumption, the Madura Island became one of the targets of sugar cane development area. In Sampang Regency, the development of sugar cane agribusiness have been started since 2009. This program was supported by the companies as well as financial supported from national budget (APBN). The study aims to determine the feasibility of social and economic as well as the potentialfor future development of sugar cane farming and to understand the opportunities of the farming for community in Madura Island on the whole. The study was conducted from September to December 2013 at 14 districts of sugar cane developing area in Sampang. Information was collected by using secondary data and primary data through interviews with individual and group/community groups, agencies/institutions concerned. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to obtain a description of the conditions encountered and the solving of problems encountered in the observed region. The analysis covers aspects of farm commodity input-output data with the existing financial analysis. To look at the feasibility of farming used the R/C ratio. The results of the study showed that some factors which influenced the farmer to plant the cane were: land ownership; the stimuli of incentives from social grants (Bansos) from APBN and subsidy from projectdevelopment (from Provincial Agricultural office); the cooperation of partners through sugar company (PTPN X) which offered grants, input subsidy, equipments/agriculture machinery as well as market assurance. The partnership among PTPN X and the sugar cane farmers in Sampang was feasible and categorized a subcontract partnership type. Meanwhile, the scheme that had been implemented in this type of contract was thepartnership pattern between local government, private (PTPN X) and the sugar cane farmers. The sugar cane farming with R/C ratio of 1.05 and 1.68, or net income recieved of Rp1,358,920/ha and Rp14,024,360/ha atthe first harvested and second period harvested, proving that the farming in the study area is feasible to carry on and profitable. In addition, it is the opportunities to develop the potential of the unused and suboptialland for sugar cane agribusiness development that provides economic benefits to the community in Sampang Regency.

Salah satu wilayah pengembangan tanaman tebu lahan kering di Sulawesi Selatan terdapat di Kabupaten Bone dengan dua pabrik gula (PG) yaitu PG Bone dan PG Camming. Produktivitas tebu dan rendemen sangat berfluktuasi dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim selain pengelolaan on farm. Dengan demikian potensi sumber daya iklim yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas tebu dan rendemen perlu diketahui. Analisis data iklim di Kabupaten Bone dilaksanakan mulai bulan Juni 2012 sampai Desember 2013. Data yang diperlukan terdiri atas curah hujan, suhu maksimum, suhu minimum, kelembapan, lama penyinaran, dan kecepatan angin yang terkumpul dari Dinas PU Pengairan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, PG Camming, dan PG Bone. Data produktivitas tebu dan rendemen diperoleh dari PG Camming dan PG Bone. Awal dan akhir musim hujan, peluang hujan, serta lama periode kering ditentukan berdasarkan metode Markov Chain FirstOrder Probability. Pola sebaran hujan ditentukan berdasarkan isohiet yang dibuat menggunakan program ArcGIS 9.03. Evapotranspirasi dihitung berdasarkan hasil analisis neraca air berdasarkan metode Penman-Monteith menggunakan program CROPWAT 8.0. Sebaran curah hujan tahunan di Kabupaten Bone didominasi oleh pola hujan tahunan >2.000 mm dan 1.500–2.000 mm dan sebagian kecil wilayah Timur dengan curah hujan tahunan 2.000 mm/tahun. Selain itu perlu ditunjang dengan usaha memanen air hujan yang melimpah dan perbaikan drainase. Waktu tanam yang optimum adalah tengah bulan pertama Oktober sampai tengah bulan pertama November (10A–11A) di wilayah PG Camming dan tengah bulan pertama November (11A) di wilayah PG Bone. One of sugar cane cultivation area of dry land in South Sulawesi concentrated in Bone regency with two sugar mills (Bone and Camming). The productivity of sugar cane and sugar are fluctuated and mostly causedby climatic factors. Therefore, climate resources in Bone regency that influence sugar cane growth and yield need to be evaluated. Analysis of climate data in Bone regency was conducted from June 2012 up to December 2013 based on the data of rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, sun shine duration, and wind speed collected from the Department of Irrigation Works South Sulawesi Province, Camming and Bone Sugar Mills. Cane and sugar production were collected from Camming and Bone Sugar Mills. The onset and end of rainy season, length of dryspell, and rainfall probability were analysed by The MarkovChain First Order Probability Method. Rainfall pattern was determined by using isohiet. Evapotranspiration was calculated by water balance analysis. Rainfall pattern in Bone was dominated by annual rainfall pattern >2,000 mm and 1,500–2,000 mm, eastern part of Bone has annual rainfall pattern 2000mm/year, and improvement in drainage system. Optimum planting season in Camming Sugar Mill is the first half of October to second half of November (10A–11A) and the first half of November (11A) in Bone SugarMill.

Galur-galur kapas berdaun okra atau menjari berpotensiuntuk ditanam pada tata tanam rapat dalam sistem tumpangsari dengan palawija karena bentuk daun yang menjari dapat meneruskan intersepsi cahaya ke ca-bang bagian bawah, namun kesesuaiannya perlu diteliti. Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ka-rangploso, Malang mulai AprilsampaiSeptember 2011 bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-galur kapas ber-daun okra yang sesuai pada sistem tumpang sari dengan kedelai. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 4 galur harapan kapas berdaun okra dan 2 varietas kapas berdaun normal terdiri atas 98031/1/7, 98039/6, 98040/3, 98048/2, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 10. Galur-galur kapas tersebut tahan terhadap hama penggerek buah dan mempunyai tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Monokultur kapas dan kedelai ditanam untuk menghitung penurunan produksi tumpang sari terhadap monokultur dan menghitung Nilai Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL). Parameter yang diamati pada ta-naman kapas adalah tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi, jumlah cabang vegetatif dan generatif, serta jumlah buah/ tanaman setiap dua minggu mulai 60–120 HST. Bobot buah, jumlah buah terpanen, hasil kapas berbiji, dan hasil kedelai diamati saat panen. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati pada jagung maupun kedelai adalah tinggi tanaman dan lebar kanopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galur kapas berdaun okra yaitu galur 98048/2 mempunyai kesesuaian yang tinggi bila ditumpangsarikan dengan kedelai dengan hasil kapas 1.888 kg/ha dan kedelai 1.492 kg/ha, dengan 67,3% dari potensi hasil galur tersebut dan NKL 1,3. Tingkat penurunan hasil kapas dan kedelai masing-masing 33% dan 39% terhadap monokultur. Hasil kapas monokultur galur 98048/2 tertinggi dibanding galur okra lainnya yaitu 2.837 kg/ha, dengan 101,1% dari potensi hasil galur tersebut. Penurunan hasil kedelai lebih tinggi (45–47%) bila ditumpangsarikan dengan kapas berdaun nor-mal dibanding galur okra (36–44%).

Tanaman kapas dalam program pengembangan selalu ditanam secara tumpang sari dengan palawija. Pera-kitan varietas kapas untuk mendapatkan galur yang mempunyai toleransi tinggi terhadap sistem tumpang sari dengan palawija perlu/penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji galur-galur unggul ka-pas yang mempunyai toleransi tinggi terhadap sistem tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau. Pengujian dilakukan di Asembagus mulai bulan Februari sampai Juli 2009. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam galur unggul kapas: 99022/1, 99002/2, 99023/5, 98037, 98045/40/11, 98050/9/2/4 dan dua varietas pembanding: Kanesia 13 dan Kanesia 14. Galur-galur kapas tersebut merupa-kan hasil persilangan yang mempunyai keunggulan dalam produktivitas dan mutu serat, serta ketahanan terha-dap hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur kapas yang toleran terhadap sistem tumpang sari de-ngan kacang hijau adalah galur 98050/9/2/4, dengan hasil kapas berbiji 1.940 kg/ha dan hasil kacang hijau 276 kg/ha, peningkatan hasil kapas berbiji sebesar 10,9% pada sistem tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau dibanding pada sistem monokultur dengan persentase terhadap potensi hasil 92% dan nilai kesetaraan lahan (NKL) ter-tinggi (1,57). Galur 98050/9/2/4 menunjukkan keragaan yang lebih unggul daripada Kanesia 13 dan Kanesia 14. Cotton is mainly grown under intercropping system with secondary food crops. Cotton breeding program to get high tolerance under multiple cropping with secondary crop should be conducted. Research of cotton in-tercropped with mungbean was done in Asembagus Experimental Station from February to July 2009. The field trial was lay out in a randomized block design with three replications. Monoculture of cotton and mung-bean were sown to calculate land equivalent ratio (LER). The treatments were 6 cotton lines (99022/1, 99002/2, 99023/5, 98037, 98045/40/11, 98050/9/2/4) and 2 cotton varieties (Kanesia 13 and Kanesia 14) as control varieties. The cotton lines tested were yields of cross breeding that had advantages in improving yield, lint quality, and resistance to pest. Results showed that cotton lines 6 (98050/9/2/4) was tolerant to intercropping system with mungbean yielded seed cotton and mungbean 1,940 kg/ha and 276 kg/ha, increased by 10.9% than solecrop with percentage to yield potential 92% and the highest LER (1.57). Cotton line 98050/9/2/4 had higher yield performance under intercropping than Kanesia 13 and Kanesia 14.

Penelitian keragaan usaha tani jarak pagar hasil peremajaan dilakukan berdasarkan data yang terkumpul dari kegiatan peremajaan tanaman jarak pagar di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur tahun 2012–2013 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen dan besarnya biaya, tingkat produktivitas usaha tani jarak pagar, dan harga pokok produk hasil peremajaan tanaman jarak pagar. Perlakuan yang dicoba meliputi: sistem tanam ulang (paket A), sambung samping (paket B), dan pangkas (paket C). Pada perlakuan paket B dan C ditanami tanaman sela kacang tanah kemudian ditumpang gilir dengan Crotalaria juncea L. setelah kacang tanah dipanen. Data usaha tani terdiri atas penggunaan sarana produksi, tenaga kerja, dan produksi dikumpulkan selama penelitian berjalan. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan usaha tani enterprise. Dalam tahun I paket A menyerap biaya relatif tinggi Rp23.580.000,00/ha dengan produksi biji 253,63 kg/ha menghasilkan harga pokok produk Rp92.970,00/kg. Total biaya ini berkurang pada paket B dan paket C menjadi Rp13.445.000,00/ha dan Rp11.005.000,00/ha dengan tingkat produktivitas 436,04 kg/ha dan 529,75 kg/ha dan menghasilkan harga pokok produk lebih rendah, masing-masing Rp12.120,00/kg dan Rp7.031,00/kg. Biaya produksi tahun II (2013) pada semua paket masing-masing turun 76%, 28%, dan 22%, diikuti menurunnya harga pokok produk menjadi Rp4.345,00/kg, Rp547,00/kg, dan Rp2.468,00/kg. Penanaman tanaman sela kacang tanah dalam perlakuan paket B dan paket C dapat membantu secara komplemen terhadap total biaya usaha tani. Selama dua tahun kegiatan, paket B secara konsisten berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas, menurun-kan harga pokok produk, dan efisiensi penggunaan biaya. Research on cost variability of physic nut rejuvenation was done based on data collected from physic nut re-juvenation in the Asembagus Experimental Station in, Situbondo, East Java during 2012–2013 to determine the components of production cost, productivity, and cost of product of physic nut rejuvenation. Three treat-ments of physic nut were tested, namely replanting system (package A), side grafting (package B), and pruning system (package C). Under physic nut stands on package B and C peanut crops were planted and relayed with Crotalaria after peanut harvest. Data collected were use of farm production components, labor, and production. Data were analysed using descriptive analyses and farming enterprise. Replanting system (package A) on physic nut absorbed the relatively high cost Rp23,580,000.00/ha with seed production 253,63 kg/ha resulted in product cost Rp92,970.00/kg. The total cost is reduced in package B and C to Rp13,445,000.00/ha and Rp11,005,000.00/ha with the seed productivity ware 436.04 kg/ha and 529.75 kg/ha, resulted in lower product cost Rp12,120.00/kg and Rp7,031.00/kg, respectively. The cost of production in the second year (2013) for all packages down 76%, 28%, and 22% respectively, followed by decline cost of products into Rp4,345.00/kg, Rp547.00/kg, and Rp2,468.00/kg respectively. Peanut crops under physic nut on package B and C over a period of year I and II resulted in farm receipts that can contribute and complement to the total cost of farming. During two years of activity, the package B consistently high potential to increase productivity, lower product cost, and efficiency of farming costs.