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Copyright of Psychologie Française is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of flaxseed oil in ouabain-induced hypertensive in normal rats Wistar. Experimental hypertension was induced by a daily subcutaneous (sc) injection of 10 μg/kg/day/rat of ouabain diluted in 9 g/L of saline solution (NaCl) for 21 days (n = 16). Animals were then divided into two groups fed an experimental diet containing 20% casein supplemented (Ouab-Oil- Lu) or not (Ouab) with 1% flaxseed oil whereas control rats (n = 8) received only a daily sc injection of NaCl. The results showed that supplementing hypertensive rats with 1% flaxseed oil decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, ameliorated plasma and liver lipid profile and reduced glucose levels in plasma. Similarly, flaxseed oil decreased TBARS levels in plasma and tissues, as well as carbonyl levels in the heart. Interestingly, this supplementation increased GSH, thiols and nitric oxide levels and improved AchE and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and GSH-Px) in the tissues. Our findings suggested that flaxseed oil may provide a rationale for antihypertensive use in traditional medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many studies have confirmed the effects of different forms of aerobic exercise on the withdrawal syndrome of people with drug use disorders, but few studies report the health promotion benefits of high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise on people with methamphetamine use disorders. In a randomized controlled trial, 54 MA dependencies were randomly assigned to the control group and aerobic exercise group. The aerobic exercise group received high-intensity intermittent aerobic calisthenics intervention (75% to 85% HR max) 40 min/time three times a week, while the control group only performed routine forced withdrawal life. The blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory function of people with methamphetamine use disorder were tested at baseline, 8th week, and 12th week. 1) Throughout the intervention process, the exercise group's SBP and DBP were not significantly different from those of the control group, but in the 12th week, the exercise group's SBP and DBP were significantly lower than the values at the 8th week. 2) The exercise group's SDNN and RMSSD were significantly higher than those of the control group at the 8th week and the 12th week, and the exercise group's SDNN and RMSSD at the 8th week were significantly higher than their respective baseline levels. 3) The exercise group's LFn continued to decline during the intervention and was significantly lower than the control group at the 12th week, while the HFn continued to rise during the intervention and was significantly higher than the control group at the 12th week. 4) After exercise intervention, the exercise group's VO 2max , VO 2/ HR peak , and AT were significantly higher than those of the control group, but there was no significant difference between maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and the control group. A 12-week high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise could effectively improve the physical function of people with methamphetamine use disorder and has strong health promotion benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of blood pressure and cardiac output has been extensively studied over the last century, and knowledge of the subject is well established. However, a team of intensive care unit associated with classical physiologists recently presented a different view of these regulations, one that sees an essential role for 1/ local metabolic regulations, which adapt the blood flow rates of the various organs and tissues to their metabolic needs, and 2/ transfers of venous blood to the arterial network, resulting from activation of the sympathetic system. The low relative value of arterial compliance would then be responsable of a purely mechanical increase in arterial pressure. In this article, we review: – the classic notions of blood pressure regulation through activation or deactivation of baroreflexes and sympathetic tone; – the role of myogenic tone in resistive arterioles in the auto-regulation of tissue blood flow and variations in hemodynamic resistance; – the importance of increased venous tone in mobilizing venous blood to the arterial sector, and thus, due to significant differences in arterial and venous compliances, in increasing arterial pressure and cardiac output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We sought to evaluate ginger's cardiovascular and metabolic effects (Zingiberofficinale) add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes patients over six weeks. We performed a single-arm clinical trial. In well-to-moderately controlled Type 2 diabetic patients with unchanged treatment for at least three months, the intervention consisted of 6-week add-on oral supplementation of powdered ginger extracts in capsules at a dose of 399 mg three times per day. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, kidney and liver function analysis were performed at initial and final visits, with a follow-up visit on day 21. Adherence to treatment, palatability and safety were also assessed. Overall, 21 participants (16 females) were included in the analysis. We found a non-significant decrease of E' wave from 0.05[0.04-0.09] to 0.06[0.05-0.7]cm/s, A-wave from 0.8[0.6-0.8] to 0.7[0.6-0.8] cm/s, and E-wave from 0.6[0.5-0.7] to 0.5[0.425-0.6]cm/s. There was a significant reduction of HbA1c from 49.7[47.0-57.4] to 44.3[38.8-53.0] mmol/mol and triglycerides from 1.6[1.4-1.9] to 1.2[0.9-1.8] mmol/l. A 5% decrease or more was observed for diurnal DBP, diurnal MAP and 24-hour DBP. Zingiberofficinale used as add-on therapy tend to improve diastolic function, blood pressure and lipid profile of type 2 diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to define the dosage and duration of this supplementary treatment accurately. Trial Registration number:NCT04222738. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques, moins de la moitié des patients hypertendus sont équilibrés. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier les liens entre le contrôle tensionnel et les facteurs socioéconomiques (SE). Pour répondre à notre objectif, nous avons utilisé les données, recueillies dans le service de cardiologie de l'hôpital universitaire de Sfax, dans le cadre du registre national tunisien d'hypertension artérielle. Nous avons étudié les associations entre les variables SE (niveau scolaire, profession, couverture médicale) et un contrôle optimal de la pression artérielle (PAS < 140 mmHg et PAD < 90 mmHg) en utilisant des modèles de régression logistique. L'âge moyen de notre population était de 65 ans et le sexe-ratio de 0,95. Nous avons trouvé, comme prévu, les facteurs cliniques et comportementaux associés à un bon équilibre tensionnel à savoir : le sexe féminin, le régime hyposodé, l'observance thérapeutique, et la pratique d'une activité physique régulière. En revanche, l'obésité et le traitement par un nombre augmenté d'anti-hypertenseurs ont été associés à un mauvais contrôle tensionnel. L'étude de l'effet des variables socioéconomiques sur l'équilibre tensionnel trouve un gradient significatif en défaveur des catégories sociales les plus défavorisées pour nos trois variables sociales dans l'analyse univariée. L'inclusion des facteurs cliniques et comportementaux dans l'analyse multivariée a atténué ces associations mais ne les a pas entièrement expliquées. Notre étude montre qu'il existe des inégalités sociales du contrôle de la pression artérielle. La justice sociale et l'amélioration des conditions de vie représentent probablement les vraies solutions au problème de ces inégalités sociales de santé. Despite therapeutic progress, less than half of hypertensive patients are controlled. The objective of this study was to examine the links between blood pressure control and socioeconomic factors. We used data collected in the cardiology department of Sfax University Hospital as part of the Tunisian national hypertension registry. We studied the associations between the socio-economic variables (educational level, profession, medical insurance) and optimal blood pressure control (SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg) using logistic regression models. The average age of our population was 65 and the sex ratio was 0.95. We found, as expected, the clinical and behavioral factors associated with a good blood pressure control, namely: female sex, low-sodium diet, therapeutic compliance, and regular physical activity. However, obesity and an increased number of antihypertensive drugs have been associated with poor blood pressure control. The study of the effect of socio-economic variables on BP control finds a significant gradient against the most disadvantaged social categories for our three social variables in the univariate analysis. The inclusion of clinical and behavioral factors in the multivariate analysis attenuated these associations but did not fully explain them. Our study shows that there are social inequalities in the control of blood pressure. Social justice and improving living conditions are probably the real solutions to the problem of these social inequalities in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'hypertension artérielle est la pathologie chronique la plus fréquente en médecine générale. Bien qu'elle soit souvent silencieuse, son diagnostic est aisé grâce à la fiabilité des appareils de mesure disponibles. Son dépistage précoce est déterminant en termes d'efficacité thérapeutique et d'amélioration de l'espérance de vie. Le pharmacien d'officine participe activement, auprès du médecin, à la prévention, au dépistage, à l'éducation thérapeutique et au suivi des patients. Hypertension is the most common chronic condition in general medicine. Although it is often silent, it is easy to diagnose thanks to the reliability of the available measuring devices. Its early detection is decisive in terms of therapeutic effectiveness and improved life expectancy. The dispensing pharmacist is actively involved with the physician in prevention, screening, therapeutic education and patient follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L'HTA est un facteur majeur de risque cardiovasculaire. Pathologie très fréquente, touchant un adulte sur trois et entraînant une morbi-mortalité importante : 45 % de décès par maladies cardiaques et 51 % par AVC. L'efficacité de sa prise en charge est impactée par les inégalités sociales de santé. Il existe en effet un gradient social de l'HTA. Ces inégalités sociales de santé sont liées en partie au concept de littératie en santé (LS) définie comme l'aptitude à acquérir des connaissances sur sa pathologie. Les patients les plus vulnérables présenteraient ainsi un bas niveau de littératie, conduisant à la question suivante : quelles sont les représentations des patients précaires de leur HTA ? Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Very frequent pathology, affecting one in three adults and causing significant morbidity and mortality: 45% of deaths from heart disease and 51 % from stroke. The effectiveness of its management is impacted by social inequalities in health. There is indeed a social gradient in hypertension. These social inequalities in health are linked in part to the concept of health literacy defined as the ability to acquire knowledge about one's pathology. The most vulnerable patients would therefore have a low level of literacy, leading to the following question: what are the representations of patients with precarious hypertension? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La primo-prescription d'antidépresseur est fréquente en médecine générale. La relation entre introduction d'antidépresseur et évolution de la pression artérielle (PA) n'est pas bien établie dans la littérature. Nous avons étudié l'évolution à court terme de la PA en fonction de l'introduction, ou non, d'un antidépresseur au sein d'un établissement public de santé mentale (EPSM). Étude épidémiologique analytique monocentrique de type exposé/non exposé sur une cohorte rétrospective, avec un recueil des données des séjours entre 2013 et 2015 à l'EPSM d'Armentières. Les séjours ont été séparés en deux groupes : traité par antidépresseur (introduit lors du séjour) et témoin (sans antidépresseur). La PA a été mesurée sur une période de 30 jours par séjour. Pour évaluer l'évolution de la PA en fonction des groupes, nous avons utilisé un modèle de régression linéaire, mixte imbriqué, avec ajustement sur plusieurs variables. Sur 1241 séjours analysés, 124 étaient dans le groupe traité et 1117 dans le groupe témoin. L'âge moyen des patients était de 44,6 ± 14,7 ans. Les deux groupes étaient comparables sur la plupart des variables analysées. La variation de PA systolique était associée aux valeurs de PA systolique à l'entrée, à l'antécédent d'HTA, à la présence d'un antihypertenseur et à l'IMC ; la variation de PA diastolique était associée aux valeurs de PA diastolique à l'entrée, à la présence d'un antihypertenseur, à l'IMC et à l'antécédent de trouble bipolaire. Nous ne retrouvons pas de différence significative dans l'évolution de la PA dans le temps entre le groupe traité et le groupe témoin sur les 30 jours de mesure par séjour, après ajustement (coefficient d'évolution de +0,12 mmHg de PA systolique et −0,1 mmHg de PA diastolique, p = 0,45 et 0,38 respectivement). Ces résultats sont rassurants sur l'évolution précoce de la PA après introduction d'antidépresseur. Ils ne doivent pas faire oublier les effets fréquents de la dépression et des antidépresseurs sur le risque cardiovasculaire (diminution de l'activité physique, dyslipidémie, prise de poids, etc.) Primary prescribing of antidepressants is common in general practice. The relationship between antidepressant introduction and blood pressure (BP) changes is not well established in the literature. The purpose of our study was to examine the short-term course of AHR with and without the introduction of an antidepressant into a public institution of mental health (EPSM). An exposed/non-exposed single-centre analytical epidemiological study on a retrospective cohort, with a collection of data on stays between 2013 and 2015 at the EPSM in Armentières. The stays were divided into two groups: antidepressant treatment (introduced during the stay) and control (without antidepressant). BP measurements were taken over a 30-day period per stay. To assess the evolution of AHR across groups, we used a nested mixed linear regression model with multivariate adjustment. Out of 1241 stays analysed, 124 were in the treated group and 1117 in the control group. The average age was 44.6 ± 14.7 years. The two groups were comparable on most of the variables analyzed. The change in systolic BP was associated with systolic BP values at baseline, history of hypertension, presence of an antihypertensive drug and BMI; the change in diastolic BP was associated with diastolic BP values at baseline, presence of an antihypertensive drug, BMI and history of bipolar disorder. We find no significant difference in the evolution of BP over time between the treated group and the control group over the 30 days of measurement per stay, after adjustment (evolution coefficient of +0.12 mmHg systolic BP and −0.1 mmHg diastolic BP, P = 0.45 and 0.38 respectively). These results are reassuring on the early development of BP after the introduction of antidepressants. They should not overlook the frequent effects of depression and antidepressants on cardiovascular risk (decreased physical activity, dyslipidemia, weight gain, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La théorie classique du métabolisme du sodium s'intéresse principalement à son rôle sur le volume extracellulaire selon une régulation quotidienne rythmée par les apports, et corrélée aux variations du volume d'eau. Les nouvelles données considèrent le stockage tissulaire du sodium. Ce pool sodé non osmotique aurait toujours un lien avec la pression artérielle, mais jouerait également un rôle dans les mécanismes immunitaires. Les modalités de régulation seraient aussi plus complexes, organisées sur un temps plus long, impliquant une modification des liens entre sodium et eau. Cet article a pour but de faire une revue des travaux récents sur le métabolisme du sodium avec une attention particulière portée aux rôles et à la régulation de sa forme tissulaire non osmotique. The classical theory of sodium metabolism considers mostly its role on the extracellular volume according to a daily response to the variations of salt intake, correlated to the variations of water volume. Recent works consider sodium tissular storage. This non-osmotic pool could play a role in blood pressure regulation and in immunity mechanisms. The regulation modalities could be more complex, organised over the long term, with a modification of the sodium-water relationship. The aim of this article is to give a new insight on sodium metabolism, based on recent works, especially on the role and regulation of non osmotic tissular sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Toutes les sociétés savantes s'accordent pour recommander une réduction de la consommation de sel chez les patients hypertendus forts consommateurs et chez les patients insuffisants cardiaques. Dans la population générale en bonne santé, la question se pose car plusieurs études ont démontré un effet délétère des apports sodés trop faibles. Dans une étude portant sur une cohorte de 322 624 sujets en bonne santé suivis pendant sept ans, Welsh et al. ont confirmé la relation linéaire entre le niveau d'excrétion sodée par 24 heures et la pression artérielle moyenne. Ils n'ont pas retrouvé de relation entre excrétion sodée et risque cardiovasculaire, fatal ou non, ni entre excrétion sodée et risque de décès toutes causes chez ces sujets sains à faible risque cardiovasculaire à l'inclusion. Dans l'état actuel des connaissances, il semble raisonnable de continuer à diffuser et à respecter les recommandations de limitation des apports sodés dans l'alimentation de la population générale. Il faudrait contraindre les industriels à moins saler les aliments transformés – ce qui commence à se faire de façon efficace – et persuader les citoyens de préparer plus souvent leurs propres repas et de consommer moins de nourriture industrielle. All learned societies agree to recommend a reduction of salt intake in patients with high blood pressure or with heart failure. In the general healthy population several studies have demonstrated a deleterious effect of too low salt intake. In a cohort of 322,624 healthy subjects followed for seven years, Welsh et al. confirmed the linear relationship between the 24-hour sodium excretion levels and the mean arterial pressure. However, they did not found any relationship between sodium excretion and cardiovascular risk, fatal or not, or between sodium excretion and the risk of all causes death in these healthy subjects with low cardiovascular risk at baseline. In the current state of knowledge, it seems reasonable to continue to disseminate and respect the recommendations of limitation of sodium intake in the diet of the general population. It should forcing manufacturers to put less salt in their processed foods – this is starting to be efficient – and persuading citizens to prepare their own meals and to consume less industrial food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several previous studies have shown that regular isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise reduces blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of hemodynamic variables to five IHG protocols of different combinations but similar workloads. Fifteen sedentary men with pre to stage 1 hypertension (Mean ± SD; age, 46 ± 6 years, systolic blood pressure [SBP], 138 ± 7 mmHg; DBP, 89 ± 6 mmHg) completed five IHG protocols randomly on five separate sessions including 8 × 30 s at 60% of MVC (high intensity high frequency [HIHF]); 4 × 1 min at 60% of MVC (high intensity low frequency [HILF]); 8 × 1 min at 30% of the MVC (low intensity high frequency [LIHF]); 4 × 2 min at 30% of MVC (low intensity low frequency [LILF]) and 8 × 1 min at 3% of MVC (Sham). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of recovery. Plasma lactate levels were determined at rest and immediately after exercise. The highest increase in SBP was found immediately following HILF protocol and it was significantly (P < 0.01) different than HIHF and sham trials. HR in LIHF was significantly greater compared to HILF and sham (P < 0.01). During recovery, a significant post-exercise hypotension (PEH) was observed for all trials irrespective of the trial type (P < 0.05). However, PEH was significantly (P < 0.01) greater following HIHF compared to HILF at 15 minutes (−8 mmHg) and 30 minutes (−12 mmHg). Plasma lactate after last contraction was significantly higher in HIHF (P < 0.05) and HILF (P < 0.01) protocols compared to LIHF protocol, though there was no significant correlation between responses of plasma lactate and SBP (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that different IHG protocols of similar workloads affect hemodynamic variables differently, and that hemodynamic changes during and after IHG are related to the frequency and duration of contractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L'hypertension artérielle, très fréquente au cours des maladies rénales, est un facteur important de risque cardiovasculaire et de progression rénale. Sa prise en charge optimale est donc nécessaire pour améliorer le pronostic des patients. Plusieurs essais concernant la cible tensionnelle chez des patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques non diabétiques ont été publiés ces dernières années, dans cet article nous allons les détailler afin de déterminer la cible tensionnelle permettant le meilleur bénéfice en termes de progression des maladies rénales et de prévention cardiovasculaire. Abstract High blood pressure during renal disease is highly prevalent and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and renal progression. Its optimal management is therefore necessary to improve the prognosis of patients. Several trials concerning the blood pressure target in patients with chronic non-diabetic kidney disease have been published in recent years, we will detail them in this article in order to determine which blood pressure target provides the best benefit in terms of progression of renal diseases and cardiovascular prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of music auditory stimulation on cardiorespiratory parameters in recovery from exercise. Methods Thirty-five healthy men underwent an experimental protocol with three steps: maximal exercise test, control protocol and music protocol. The control protocol consisted of 15 minutes of rest, followed by 30 minutes of exercise on a treadmill and 60 minutes of recovery. In the music protocol volunteers were exposed to music auditory stimulation during exercise and recovery from exercise. We analyzed the following parameters: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and blood oxygen level during the initial rest stage and recovery. Results Statistical differences in heart rate between rest and post exercise ( P < 0.05, 5%) were found from the 1st to the 40th minute in the music protocol while in the control protocol was observed until the end of recovery. For systolic blood pressure, differences were found until the 10th minute of recovery in the control protocol and until the 7th minute in the music protocol. Conclusion Music auditory stimulation accelerated the recovery of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, however we can not state that this method alone can improve recovery after exercise in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of 25 (OH) vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure (BP) variability in hypertensive women in the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periods. Materials and methods 881 hypertensive women prospectively followed for an interventional study between January 2016 and September 2017, in specialized consultation at the department of internal medicine at the Blida University Hospital (Algeria). Four hundred and thiry nine premenopausal women (group I) and 442 menopausal women (group II). The initial serum 25 (OH) D level for each group was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. In groups I and II, we identified 2 subgroups, A: insufficiency (vit D between 29 and 20 ng/ml) and B: deficiency (vit D less than 20 ng/L). Antihypertensive therapy was supplemented with an additional 200000 IU/month cholecalciferol for the two B subgroups. The variability in BP was calculated as the ratio of mean systolic and diastolic BP during daytime and nighttime, with performing ambulatory BP measurement at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Results At inclusion, the level of 25 (OH) D was lower ( P < 0.05) in subgroups IB (19.3 ± 8.5 ng/ml) and IIB (18.2 ± 9, 5 ng/ml) compared to subgroups IA (28.1 ± 10.7 ng/ml) and IIA (25.2 ± 10.1 ng/ml). After supplementation, the level of 25 (OH) D increased in subgroup IB (38.3 ± 11.9 ng/ml) and in subgroup IIB (37.3 ± 10, 5 ng/ml) and became higher ( P < 0.001) than in subgroups IA and IIA. Between subgroups IA and IB, at inclusion, there is no difference ( P > 0.05) in the SBP and DBP variability during the day and at night. After treatment, the variability of the SBP at night became lower ( P < 0.02) in group IB compared to group IA. In subgroup IIB, daytime variability indices were higher ( P = 0.04) at inclusion than in group IIA. After treatment, the variability of SBP during the day decreased but remained the highest ( P < 0.05) in subgroup IIB (14.8 ± 10.8 mmHg) compared to subgroup IB (12.0 ± 8.1 mmHg), as well as to subgroups IIA (10.9 ± 9.8 mmHg) and IA (10 ± 8.1 mmHg). We found a significant correlation of cholecalciferol with the variability of SBP during the day. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency appears to be a factor of BP variability. Although the variability of the postmenopausal group remains higher than that of the other groups, the correction of the level of 25 (OH) D by the supply of cholecalciferol 200000 IU per month leads to a reduction in the variability of BP in the studied hypertensive women could help to prevent morbimortal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé But de l’étude Les effets des protéines extraites des co-produits (PCo-S) et du filet (PF-S) de la sardine sont évalués sur la pression artérielle, l’équilibre glycémique, le transport inverse du cholestérol, la peroxydation lipidique et la capacité antioxydante, chez le rat obèse. Ces effets sont comparés à ceux de la caséine (Cas). Matériel et méthodes Dix-huit rats mâles sont soumis pendant trois mois à un régime hyperlipidique Les rats rendus obèses sont ensuite répartis en trois groupes et consomment chacun pendant 28 jours, le même régime hyperlipidique auquel on ajoute 20 % de PCo-S, de PF-S ou de Cas. Résultats Les PCo-S et PF-S réduisent les pressions diastolique (−14 %, −11 % p < 0,05) et systolique (−12 %, −8 % p < 0,05), la glycémie (−24 %, −21 % p < 0,05), l’hémoglobine glyquée (−28 %, −21 % p < 0,05), l’insulinémie (−29 %, −18 % p < 0,05) et l’indice HOMA-IR (−29 %, −18 % p < 0,05). Elles améliorent le transport inverse du cholestérol en augmentant l’activité de la lécithine : cholestérol acyltransférase (LCAT) (+43 %, +30 %, p < 0,05) et les esters de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité (+108 %, +88 %, p < 0,05), et réduisent les rapports d’athérogénicités et la fluidité membranaire ( p < 0,05). De plus, les PCo-S et PF-S induisent une réduction des concentrations des substances réactives à l’acide thiobarbiturique dans le cœur (−45 %, −25 % p < 0,05), aorte (−62 %, −41 % p < 0,05), foie (−40 %, −21 % p < 0,05) et tissu adipeux (−50 %, −37 % p < 0,05) et augmentent la capacité antioxydante. Conclusion Les protéines de la sardine, en particulier celles extraites des co-produits en raison de leurs propriétés hypotensive, hypoglycémiante, anti-athérogène et antioxydante, pourraient avoir des effets protecteurs contre le risque cardiovasculaire associé à l’obésité. Aim of the study The effects of sardine by-products (SBy-P) and fillet proteins (SF-P) were compared to casein (Cas) ; these effects were assessed on blood pressure, glycemic control, reverse cholesterol transport, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in obese rats. Materials and methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were subjected for three months, to a high-fat diet. The obese rats were divided into three groups and consumed the same high-fat diet for 28 days after addition of either, 20% SBy-P, SF-P or Cas. Results The sardine proteins (SBy-P and SF-P) compared respectively to Cas, reduced diastolic (−14%, −11% P < 0.05) and systolic pressures (−12%, −8% P < 0.05), blood glucose (−24%, −21% P < 0.05), glycated hemoglobin (−28%, −21% P < 0.05), insulinemia (−29%, −18% P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR index (−29%, −18% P < 0.05). They improve the reverse cholesterol transport by increasing the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (+43%, +30% P < 0.05) and high-density lipoproteins in cholesterol esters (+108%, +88% P < 0.05), and decreasing the atherogenicity ratios and membrane fluidity ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, SBy-P and SF-P induced a reduction of reactive thiobarbituric acid substances concentrations in heart (−45%, −25% P < 0.05), aorta (−62%, −41% P < 0.05), liver (−40%, −21% P < 0.05) and adipose tissue (−50%, −37% P < 0.05) with an improvement in antioxidant capacity. Conclusion Sardine proteins, in particular those extracted from by-products, because of their hypotensive, hypoglycemic, anti-atherogenic and antioxidant properties, may have protective effects against the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baroreflex activation therapy is a novel technique for treating patients with resistant hypertension. Short-term studies have demonstrated that it lowers blood pressure. The aim of the present article is to review assessments of the long-term efficacy and safety of baroreflex activation therapy. Long-term follow-up data were analyzed from all patients who had been included in trials that focused on treatment-resistant hypertensive patients. In the entire cohort, office systolic blood pressure fell from 179±24 mmHg to 144±28 mmHg (P<0.0001), whereas office diastolic pressure dropped from 103±16 mmHg to 85±18 mmHg (P<0.0001). Heart rate fell from 74±15 beats per minute to 71±13 beats per minute (P<0.02). The effect of baroreflex activation therapy is greater than average in patients with signs of heart failure and less than average in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. After a follow-up of six years, baroreflex activation therapy maintains its efficacy for persistent reduction of office blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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INTRODUCTION: l'objectif de cette étude était de donner le profil de la pression artérielle (PA) des adolescents âgés de 15 à 19 ans en milieu scolaire à Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo.Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude transversale, portant sur les adolescents âgés de 15 à 19 ans au moyen d'un échantillonnage aléatoire des écoles secondaires de Lubumbashi durant les années scolaires 2013-2014, 2014-2015 et 2015-2016. Trois mesures de PA étaient effectuées le même jour.Résultats: 1766 adolescents âgés de 15-19 ans ont été inclus parmi eux 995 étaient de sexe féminin et 771 garçons. Les garçons avaient significativement une pression artérielle systolique élevée que les filles dans les tranches d'âges de 17, 18 et 19 ans. La pression artérielle diastolique n'était pas différente statistiquement dans toutes les tranches d'âges dans les deux sexes. Par contre, dans les deux sexes, la pression artérielle systolique été en corrélation significative avec le poids, la taille, l'indice de masse corporelle, le tour de taille et la fréquence cardiaque. Quant à la pression artérielle diastolique, des corrélations significatives étaient retrouvées avec le poids et l'indice de masse corporelle chez les filles alors que la fréquence cardiaque était en corrélation significative dans les deux sexes.Conclusion: malgré les faiblesses potentielles de la présente étude dans sa conception transversale et les mesures de la PA le même jour, les données pourraient aider les responsables de la santé à adopter une stratégie nationale de prévention de l'hypertension artérielle dans notre population

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Résumé But de l’étude La sténose des artères carotides augmente avec l’âge et peut précipiter une ischémie cérébrale pendant une hypotension artérielle. Dans une étude pilote monocentrique, nous avons investigué sa prévalence à l’âge avancé et évalué son influence sur le but tensionnel et le traitement antihypertensif. Patients et méthodes Tous les patients âgés de ≥ 90 ans de l’unité médicale d’un hôpital de soins primaires ont été étudiés prospectivement pendant 15 mois à l’exception de cas avec choc circulatoire et les réadmissions. L’examen ultrasonographique des artères précérébrales a été offert à tous les patients âgés. Ont été analysées la fréquence des sténoses de l’artère carotide commune, interne et externe (ACC, ACI, ACE), la pression artérielle (PA) et les médicaments antihypertenseurs. Résultats Soixante-trois patients (92 ± 3 ans, 78 % femmes) avec une hospitalisation médiane de 11 jours ont été inclus. À l’admission, 76 % avaient des antihypertenseurs et 86 % à la sortie. La PA moyenne était à 149/77 (admission) comparé à 129/72 mmHg (sortie) ; systolique < 140 mmHg 36 % et 64 % ( p < 0,05). L’épaisseur intima-média moyen (ACC) était 8,7/9,4 mm (droite/gauche). Une plaque ou sténose < 60 % était présente (ACC/ICA/ECA) chez 19,0/19,0/31,7 % (bifurcation 74,6 %) et une sténose ≥ 60 % chez 0/7,9/19,0 % (ACI bilatérale 1,6 % ; occlusion unilatérale 3,1 %). La probabilité d’une PA systolique < 120 mmHg coïncidant avec une sténose significative de l’ACI était 1–2 %. Conclusion Concernant le risque d’ischémie cérébrale par une sténose carotidienne, un objectif tensionnel < 140 mmHg semble tolérable pour la plupart des nonagénaires. La recherche d’une sténose significative pourrait être utile si l’objectif tensionnel était plus bas. Aim Carotid artery stenosis increases with age and may cause brain ischemia if arterial hypotension occurs. We performed a monocentric pilot study to investigate its prevalence in the very elderly and to assess its potential influence on blood pressure (BP) goals during antihypertensive treatment. Methods All patients ≥ 90 years of a primary care medical ward were prospectively included over 15 months. Ultrasound exams of the precerebral arteries were offered to all elderly patients for routine evaluation of their cardiovascular risk. Frequencies of stenosed common, internal and external carotid arteries (CCA, ICA, ECA) were analyzed together with clinical BP and antihypertensive therapy. Patients with circulatory shock and readmissions were excluded. Results Sixty-three patients aged 92 ± 3 years (78% female) hospitalized for a median of 11 days were included. On admission, 76% were on antihypertensive drugs vs. 86% at discharge. Mean admission BP was 149/77 vs. 129/72 mmHg at discharge; systolic BP < 140 mmHg 36% vs 64% ( P < 0.05). Mean intima-media thickness (ACC, right/left) was 8.7/9.4 mm. Prevalence of plaque or stenosis < 60% was: CCA 19.0%, ICA 19.0%, ECA 31.7%, bulb 74.6%; of stenosis ≥ 60%: CCA 0%, ICA 7.9%, ECA 19.0%, ICA bilateral 1.6% (unilateral occlusion 3.1%, no bilateral). Coincidence of systolic BP < 120 mmHg and ACI stenosis ≥ 60% had a probability of 1–2%. Conclusion Concerning the risk of brain ischemia due to carotid artery stenosis, a BP goal < 140 mmHg should be safe for most nonagenarians. If individual BP goals are lower, searching for significant stenosis by ultrasound may be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La prise en charge du sujet hypertendu est fortement dépendante de l’analyse des chiffres tensionnels, une mesure fiable et précise de la pression artérielle apparaît ainsi fondamentale. Le traditionnel sphygmomanomètre à mercure a désormais laissé la place aux tensiomètres automatiques basés sur la méthode oscillométrique, et les progrès technologiques ont permis le développement d’appareils de mesure précis de la pression artérielle en condition clinique ou ambulatoire. L’objectif de cette mise au point est de décrire les différentes techniques de mesure de la pression artérielle, en insistant sur leurs indications et leurs bénéfices cliniques respectifs. La pression artérielle mesurée au cabinet médical présente une grande variabilité et des conditions expérimentales strictes doivent être respectées pour la rendre interprétable. Les recommandations nationales et internationales insistent sur le nécessaire contrôle de la pression artérielle en condition ambulatoire, cette mesure étant plus reproductible et mieux corrélée au pronostic cardiovasculaire. L’auto-mesure tensionnelle, si elle est bien expliquée au patient, présente dans ce contexte de nombreux atouts, même si la mesure ambulatoire de la pression artérielle (MAPA) reste la référence. La place des mesures centrales de la pression artérielle et de la rigidité aortique dans la stratégie de prise en charge du sujet hypertendu restent encore à définir. The management of hypertensive patients is greatly influenced by blood pressure levels and accurate measurement of blood pressure is crucial in this context. Mercury sphygmomanometer has been progressively replaced by more precise oscillometric devices that can be widely used in the clinic and ambulatory setting. The purpose of this review was to detail the different methods for evaluating blood pressure, and to refine their indications and clinical benefit. Office blood pressure measurement has a great variability and should follow a strict protocol to give consistent results. National and international guidelines focus on blood pressure measurement in the ambulatory setting. When used by trained patients, home blood pressure monitoring is reproducible and can provide substantial prognostic information, even if ambulatory blood pressure monitoring remains the gold standard. The role of central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity monitoring in the therapeutic strategy of hypertension needs further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Purpose This study aimed to examine blood pressure changes in response to exercise and to identify blood pressure abnormalities in collegiate male and female athletes. Material and methods Sixteen collegiate badminton players 16–22 years of age and with 3–8 years of badminton experience participated in the study. Participants’ blood pressure was recorded before and after a multistage fitness test. Results Following exercise, blood pressure significantly increased; mean maximum systolic blood pressure (SBPmax) and SBP delta (the difference between post- and pre-exercise SBP) were < 140 mmHg and < 45 mmHg, respectively. All other metabolic markers did not differ significantly between male and female players, except for post-exercise heart rate (HR) with males’ post-exercise HR significantly higher than females’. Some badminton athletes showed diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg, an abnormal blood pressure response to exercise. Conclusion The findings support the notion that blood pressure response to exercise may be an important diagnostic parameter in normotensive athletes at risk of developing hypertension and/or cardiovascular diseases. Monitoring athletes’ exercise blood pressure by coaches, trainers, or sports scientists thus constitutes an important part of athletes’ fitness evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective To monitor and evaluate venous blood gases before and during cycle ergometer activity for one hour after three breakfast nutritional procedures offered 30 minutes before in the attempt to establish correlations between possible changes in cardiorespiratory parameters of volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy male practitioners of regular physical activity performance four sessions of continuous exercise on an cycle ergometer (60 to 70% of VO 2MaxEx ) for one hour after breakfast offered or not 30 minutes before the exercise. The sessions differed by pre-exercise meal and hydration, as follows: high glycemic index/water, low glycemic index/water, in fasting state/water and in fasting state/carbohydrate beverage (60 g/L). Statistical analysis used Analysis of Variance, Pearson correlation test, and significance level 5%. Results No significant difference was observed in the cardiorespiratory parameters of participants among the four experimental procedures, since the venous blood gases parameters showed significant differences for pH and pO 2 . The moment that showed the most significant correlations between venous blood gases and cardiorespiratory parameters was at 40 minutes of exercise. Significant negative correlation between lactate levels and base excess (BE) was observed at 20 minutes of exercise ( r = –0.31, P = 0.04). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La délivrance des matériels d'autodiagnostic offre au pharmacien l'occasion de valoriser sa fonction dans la prévention et le suivi de diverses maladies chroniques dont l'hypertension artérielle. De très nombreux autres petits dispositifs simples permettant d'évaluer certains paramètres ou d'améliorer le confort du patient sont disponibles à l'officine et nécessitent un conseil pour une utilisation optimale et sécurisée. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravenous (i.v.) injections of adenosine exert marked effects on heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP), but the role of an endogenous adenosine release by vagal stimulation has not been evaluated. In anaesthetized rats, we examined HR and BP changes induced by 1 min electrical vagal stimulation in the control condition, and then after i.v. injections of ( i) atropine, ( ii) propranolol, ( iii) caffeine, ( iv) 8 cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), or ( v) dipyridamole to increase the plasma concentration of adenosine (APC). APC was measured by chromatography in the arterial blood before and at the end of vagal stimulation. The decrease in HR in the controls during vagal stimulation was markedly attenuated, but persisted after i.v. injections of atropine and propranolol. When first administered, DPCPX modestly but significantly reduced the HR response to vagal stimulation, but this disappeared after i.v. caffeine administration. Both the HR and BP responses were significantly accentuated after i.v. injection of dipyridamole. Vagal stimulation induced a significant increase in APC, proportional to the magnitude of HR decrease. Our data suggest that the inhibitory effects of electrical vagal stimulations on HR and BP were partly mediated through the activation of A1 and A2 receptors by an endogenous adenosine release. Our experimental data could help to understand the effects of ischemic preconditioning, which are partially mediated by adenosine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 3, 5 and 7 days of creatine loading coupled with resistance exercise on resting testosterone and cortisol concentrations, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and rate pressure product (RPP). These measures were compared to those in placebo group. Summary of facts Twenty active males were randomly assigned to either a creatine group (Cr) or placebo group (Pl). Participants performed resistance exercises at day 3, 5, and 7; and also tested at day 4, 6, and 8. Subjects of the Cr group showed significant increases in testosterone concentrations and decreases in cortisol concentrations, in comparison with Pl and baseline, after 5 and 7 days of Cr loading ( P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in heart rate, SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP for both groups at all times (P > 0.05). Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that more than 5 days of creatine supplementation, associated with resistance exercises is sufficient for increasing testosterone concentrations and decrement in cortisol concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Telemedicine comprises different concepts aiming to close a spatial distance between practitioner, medical staff and patient. Its functionality can include mere data transmission but extend as well to triggering alarms or enable consultation and therapy suggestions. A special form of telemedicinal application is interventional decentralized telemonitoring. Here practitioner-patient communication is characterized by telemedicinal data collection driven therapy-control and -optimization. To identify feasible indications for the employment of telemonitoring a detailed definition of communicated parameters, alarm rules and algorithms of intervention are required as well as a benefit-cost analysis. The quality of the telemedical application is determined by the medical quality of the resulting actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Reanimation is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether aging individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have differences in cardiovascular health, assessed by blood pressure, and skeletal muscle function, assessed by grip strength, compared with matched nondiabetic controls (CON)., Methods: This investigation was a retrospective cohort analysis using baseline and 3-year follow-up data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association between sociodemographic, health, behavioural and T1D-specific variables on blood pressure and grip strength in T1D and CON groups. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the average population changes in blood pressure and grip strength from baseline to follow up., Results: The sample included 126 individuals (63 T1D and 63 CON). Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups at baseline or follow up (p>0.05). However, compared with CON, diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower at both time-points in the T1D group (p<0.001). Grip strength was consistently lower among persons with T1D (p=0.03). In the multivariate regression model, body mass index, age and sex were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure and grip strength in both groups. In the T1D group, disease duration accounted for a large proportion of the variance in diastolic blood pressure and grip strength (17% and 9%, respectively). The rate of decline in diastolic blood pressure and grip strength did not differ between groups (p>0.05)., Conclusions: Diastolic blood pressure and grip strength appear to be consistently lower and differentially regulated in individuals with T1D vs CON. Aging individuals with T1D may be at risk of premature morbidity and mortality., (Copyright © 2022 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)