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By re-examining the letters of prefects and other officials, this article proposes to consider ἐρρῶσθαι... βούλομαι as the standard epistolary farewell formula in Greek used by prefects from the early 2nd century CE to the mid-3rd century CE, while in the same period ἐρρῶσθαι... εὔχομαι was avoided by prefects and commonly used by subordinate officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Prefect Institution has undergone over time multiple metamorphoses and it has been more or less visible in the landscape of the Romanian public administration. As a representative of the Government in a county, the Prefect position is important at local level, and its role and established tasks prove the importance of this position. However, due to the lack of coordination between the various provisions - constitutional, legal, and of other nature, the prefect's role has often been diminished, particularly in terms of his or her relationships with the decentralized public services. Our study is mainly an analysis of the way in which the law system defines the relationships between a prefect and the decentralized public services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Albanian regional governance system is based on both decentralization and deconcentration, each of them aiming at bringing services close to the public. To make the multilevel governance system work, the prefect is a keystone of public administration at the regional level. The paper is an analytical study case on the prefect’s institution in Albania, focusing on the challenges that prefects face, particularly related to their functions in supervising local government units. We decided to adopt a problem-oriented approach. Instead of a comprehensive picture of prefects, we focus on identifying concrete challenges as they are perceived by different stakeholders, analyzing their causes and proposing concrete measures that can address both. More concretely, the analysis looked at various dimensions of the prefect system, from a systemic perspective, based on the assumption that the prefects’ performance depends not only on the legal framework and norms, but even more on adequate institutional set-up, procedures and relations, and behaviour and capacities of stakeholders. The prefects are acting in a political and administrative system which is subject to change. If policy decisions are taken to change the overall system (for example, by giving the central state or the municipalities more power and responsibilities), the prefects’ legal roles and responsibilities, procedures and capacity requirements will have to be adapted accordingly. However, we leave it to the competent political bodies to reflect and decide on changes to the overall system.

This present research brings into focus the figure of the prefect and wojewód seen at the crossroads between career public servants representing the interests of the Government and political agents, appointed and dismissed at the whim of the Prime Minister. This paper approaches the issue of the holder of the prefect’s office in Romania and Poland employing a prosopographic analysis and applies a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) on select items in order to identify the general trend and particularities of their profiles. This institution was structured and articulated at the confluence of some administrative and political actions and integrated in the national institutional framework as a key actor, which continues to connect the institutional capacity of the state and the political capacity of the Government. Moving beyond the legal framework and institutional design of each country, we look at the profile – involving educational, professional and political affiliation – of the people actually appointed to this position in order to ascertain the weight of each of these factors when called to serve in office.

In February 1938, a monarchical regime was established in Romania. In order to strengthen the power of the monarch and his discretionary control over the administration, a new administrative law was drafted. Administrative law no. 2919, published in the Official Monitor no. 187 from August 14, 1938, grouped the 71 counties of Romania into 10 regions. The region was a territorial circumscription, endowed with legal personality. According to the Administrative law from August 14, 1938, the county became a simple district of control and deconcentration of the central administration, losing its legal personality. The prefect was authorized to exercise the control of the local administration in the urban and rural communes of the county. One form the control over the work of local authorities was their regular inspection. In April 1940, the prefect of the Cahul County, colonel Dumitru Dobrescu, inspected the county communes, clarifying various aspects of the activities of local administrations. The results of these inspections make it possible to create a true picture of the realities of the Bessarabian villages to months before the territorial abduction in June 1940.

The prefect has the essential role of creating a link between the central and the local public administration, being most frequently described with the phrase “the representative of the Government in the territory”. In the last two decades, the role, responsibilities and, especially, the juridical statute of the prefect have stirred debates. Recently, the Government has adopted an emergency ordinance that changes the statute of the prefect from senior civil servant, to public official with political affiliation. Arguments have been brought by specialists both in favour and against this change. Even though the institution of the prefect has been the subject of numerous analyses in the literature, this recent transformation demands a new one, focusing on both its impact, and its European context. However, thoroughly analysing the whole institution of prefecture, especially taking into account its whole historical evolution, is a rather vast undertaking. Therefore, in this paper, we limit ourselves to two objectives. Firstly, we aim to analyse the impact of this recent change on the main attributions of the prefect, such as on the administrative supervision of acts signed by local public authorities. Secondly, we set out to analyse comparatively the present legislative provisions of the prefect in Romania with the ones in other EU member states. In order to reach our objectives, we employ the logical and comparative methods, studying both the relevant legislation, as well as the national and international doctrine on the subject.

In the wake of the decentralisation process which began after December 1989, the prefect was entrusted with a fundamental constitutional role, in that it is the representative of the Government in the territory and, consequently, the guardian of the legality of the power transfer from the central to the local level. However, as important as the mission of the prefect is, there have been frequent legislative changes to its legal status. Without the risk of exaggeration, we can say that the prefect embodies, perhaps more than any other Romanian administrative institution, the effects of the constant interference of political power in the proper functioning of the public authorities, as well as those of the periodic oscillations that occur in the executive power. +The present study aims to analyse the legislative developments concerning the legal status of the prefect, between its inclusion in the category of senior civil servants and its qualification as a public dignitary. Aware that both solutions imply advantages and disadvantages that are difficult to ignore, we will conclude with our vision on the future of the prefect in the Romanian legal and administrative landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present research brings into focus the figure of the prefect and wojewód seen at the crossroads between career public servants representing the interests of the Government and political agents, appointed and dismissed at the whim of the Prime Minister. This paper approaches the issue of the holder of the prefect's office in Romania and Poland employing a prosopographic analysis and applies a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) on select items in order to identify the general trend and particularities of their profiles. This institution was structured and articulated at the confluence of some administrative and political actions and integrated in the national institutional framework as a key actor, which continues to connect the institutional capacity of the state and the political capacity of the Government. Moving beyond the legal framework and institutional design of each country, we look at the profile - involving educational, professional and political affiliation - of the people actually appointed to this position in order to ascertain the weight of each of these factors when called to serve in office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the Congress of Berlin of 1878, Romania came into full possession of Dobrogea, an old Romanian province that had long been ruled by the Ottoman Empire. Its takeover represented a major challenge for the country's leadership and for the Romanian political class, in general. One of the most important local leaders of Constanţa County was Remus Opreanu, who was appointed prefect of the county immediately after the takeover. He proved to be a remarkable personality of that period, possessing genuine administrative and organizational skills. His name is associated with numerous modernization projects of the province of Dobrogea, in general, and of Constanţa County, in particular: legislative, urban, confessional, cultural, etc. He represented a symbol of the stability, progress and democratization of the heterogeneous ethnic space of Dobrogea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the prefect Institute in European countries and in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the powers exercised by prefects in France, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. It is determined that the Institute of the prefect in Ukraine is represented only at the legislative level, namely the Law of Ukraine "About modification of the Constitution of Ukraine (concerning decentralization)" №2598 of 13.12.2019 and the Law of Ukraine "About prefects" of 16.11.2015, which in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine determines the organization and procedure of activity of prefects, but given the date of its last edition, needs to be updated in the key of future changes to the Basic Law of Ukraine. According to the updated version of the draft law " About modification of the Constitution of Ukraine (concerning decentralization)" №2598 of 13.12.2019, the prefect is the representative of the state in districts and regions and in the city of Kiev, they are appointed and dismissed by the President of Ukraine on the proposal of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. In comparison with the last edition of this bill, the prefect received somewhat expanded powers due to the right to make representations to the President of Ukraine on the suspension of the act, which does not meet the Constitution of Ukraine. The article defines the powers that are proposed to be exercised by the prefect. Taking into account the proposed powers, we can say that in Ukraine it is planned to create a position that at the territorial level will combine two functions, namely: the function of state representation and coordination of the activities of structural units of the Central Executive authorities and the function of supervision over the legality of the activities of local self-government entities. It is concluded that the expected reform in this area provides for the establishment of the Institute of prefects, whose competence includes, first of all, the supervision of compliance with the constitutional norms and requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine.

Obviously, the most recent tumultuous changes in the Romanian legislative area regarding the public administration or civil servants inevitably led to discussions as well as queries regarding the real / authentic reform of the administration, how deep the political interferences in the current administration have become, or to what extend the appointments in civil service are based on the value and professionalism of the nominated ones. The article herein aims to debate upon the way the status of the prefect has evolved over time in Romania, but also in other European countries, but also to what extent the political environment has brought a positive or negative influence. Moreover, we consider that it is necessary to analyze all these aspects having regard to the amendment of the Administrative Code by the Emergency Ordinance no. 4/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of the land fund became of maximum importance after 1990. Romania, in relation to the new realities regarding the property, had to urgently adopt the Law No 18/1991. After more than 30 years of application, the Law on the land fund still gives rise to discussions on the topic of sharing the competence of the courts in matters of administrative acts issued in its application. The general framework in the matter of restitutions was completed by the appearance of the Law No 10/2001. Subsequently, the entry into force of the Law No 554/2004 has definitively established the legal regime of administrative acts in general. Therefore, we are at the confluence of several framework-laws in the field regarding the regime of administrative disputes, in general, and of the matter of the land fund, in particular. This study seeks to provide precisely an approach as analytical as possible of the manner the courts of law settle this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article examine l’indemnisation des forces de l’ordre par les organisateurs d’événements musicaux, en particulier de festivals, en France. La gestion de l’ordre public y est marquée par la prééminence de l’État, ainsi que de la police nationale et la gendarmerie. L’indemnisation des services de ces dernières témoigne du pouvoir discrétionnaire du préfet, représentant de l’État, dans l’établissement (ou non) de la facturation, laquelle fait l’objet de fortes résistances de la part des organisateurs de festivals. En variant les dispositifs de sécurité ainsi que les montants de l’indemnisation, les préfets influent sur les relations entre forces de l’ordre et administrés. Dans le cas de l’indemnisation des forces de l’ordre par les organisateurs d’événements musicaux, sur qui s’exerce ce pouvoir discrétionnaire, et avec quels effets ? Et que révèle la mise en oeuvre de « droits », mais aussi de « passe-droits » par l’autorité préfectorale au sujet des relations entre État, police et société ? Une enquête qualitative, combinant entretiens, observations et sources documentaires variées, permet de répondre à ces questions. L’examen du recours différencié à l’indemnisation des forces de l’ordre par les préfets témoigne de la centralité des caractéristiques des territoires concernés, ainsi que des représentations préfectorales des événements musicaux et de leurs publics, prises en compte dans la définition du dispositif de sûreté. De surcroît, la définition des territoires professionnels et du monopole de l’État dans l’exercice de la violence légitime freine la concertation entre organisateurs et préfets sur la mise en oeuvre des dispositifs de sûreté.

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the key moments during the evolution of the prefect institution in Romania and it analyses the recent proposals of reorganization that aim to transform the prefect statute from high ranked civil servant to dignitary.

This article contains full editions with commentary of a selection from the ink writing-tablets discovered in the excavation of 2017, four letters written by or to the prefect Iulius Verecundus. The editions are numbered continuously from 890 , following the sequence in Tab. Vindol. IV.1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antithesis is a literary process by which the "opposition" between two characters, situations, ideas or concepts, facts, etc. is highlighted more deeply. Our intention is to emphasize the positive elements that can be identified with the appearance of the Administrative Code in harmony with the normative regulatory needs identified in practice. The present article is intended to be an analysis of the necessity of adopting an Administrative Code for Romania, of the way in which the objectives established ex-ante by the previous theses can be identified in the final version, published in the Official Monitor. In order to achieve this endeavor, we will apply several research tools. On the one hand, the document study will allow us in a comparative way to identify the similarities and differences between the final and proposed form of the Administrative Code. On the other hand, we will apply content analyses to identify the value of this new act. The premises from which we'll start in our analysis is that although it represents an important step in the reform of the Romanian administrative system, the current form of the Administrative Code does not reach all the problems identified in the analysis phase presented in the Theses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the adoption of the Administrative Code approved under the G.E.O. no. 57/2019, the prefect's institution enshrined at the constitutional level has a new legislative support at the level of the infra-constitutional legislation. Unfortunately, as regards the scope of legal deeds covered by the control of administrative custody exercised by the prefect and the subject matter of the administrative dispute filed by the prefect, the Administrative Code maintains certain inconsistencies and mismatches, contrary to the legislative technique rules established under Law no. 24/2000, as republished, existing also during the former repealed normative acts at the same time as the effective date of the Administrative Code and which shall further create any dysfunctionalities and controversies in the enforcement of the Administrative Code. Starting from these considerations, this study proposes an analysis of the amendments brought by the Administrative Code in the matter of the control on administrative custody exercised by a prefect and the administrative litigation brought by the prefect, by reference to the constitutional provisions and to the provisions of the Administrative Law no. 554/2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedural term in which the prefect may file a petition for annulment of a construction license may start from various points, that is: either the date when the construction license is communicated to the prefect by the administrative- territorial unit's secretary, like any other administrative document issued by the mayor, or, in the absence of such communication (required by the law), from the date at which the prefect knew or had to know that such construction authorization existed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A code can be defined as a legislative act that includes in a unitary system the rules of a branch of law. In this respect, the Administrative Code regulates the general framework for the organization and functioning of the public administration authorities and institutions, the status of the personnel within them, the administrative responsibility, the public services, as well as the specific rules regarding the public and private property of the state and of the administrative-territorial units. The paper has as main research objective to make a qualitative analysis of the main amendments made to the Prefect institution by adopting in the Romanian Parliament the first Administrative Code after 1989. In this regard, we will analyze the important steps regarding the adoption of the Administrative Code, as well as the changes brought about in terms of roles, powers and occupation of the prefect institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our country, over time, the prefect's status went through different regulations, which have given him political or administrative powers. In this article, using logical interpretation, the study of the doctrine and jurisprudence, we intend to investigate the status of the prefect, institution with tradition in the Romanian public administration, from the perspective of the Administrative Code1. In conclusion, the Administrative Code returns to the legislative solution prior to the adoption of Law no. 340/2004, the function of prefect being a political one, which derives from its role as a representative of the Government in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Out of all of the three categories of civil servants provided by Law no. 188/1999, the category of senior civil servants was and still is the most exposed to both political influences and frequent legislative changes that have been addressed, although the purpose of its establishment was to ensure senior management in the central public administration and autonomous administrative authorities, respectively the continuity of operation and the stability of the authorities and institutions at the moment of the change of political power. The most recent of the major legislative amendments that will fundamentally affect the category of high civil servants is proposed to be achieved through the draft of the Administrative law Code, which is in the parliamentary procedure for debate and adoption. We analyze through the law institutions the regulatory solutions for the category of high civil servants and, at the end of the analysis; we include some conclusions through which we propose to design the future of this category of civil servants in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandate validation operation is specific to the functions chosen, intervening between the election and the oath. Depending on the option of the legislator, the validation is done by the deliberative authority, as in the case of the local or county council, or by the court, as in the case of the mayor. The legal institution of mandate validation is extremely important because, in the absence of validation, the local elected person cannot go to the next stage, that of taking the oath, and cannot enter into the exercise of the mandate. Because the administrative practice had difficulty in carrying out the validation of the mandate of a local/county councilor, the legislator considered that certain corrections were necessary, for which they adopted two normative acts that change the legislative solution of the validation of the mandate of the local/county councilor by the local/county council. The article analyzes the current legal status of mandate validation of the local/county councilors, as well as the recent legislative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine whether there is an exclusive competence of prefect institution to ascertain local / county councilor's mandate cessation before the expiry of his normal term, in the event of membership loss related to political party or national minorities organization on whose list one was elected, under provisions of art. 12 par. 3 of the Law no. 393/2004 on the Statute of local elected representatives, or alternatively with those of Local / County Council under the conditions stipulated by art. 9 par. 3 and 4 of Law no. 393/2004, the interpretation ofafore-mentioned law provisions rose to divergent opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to all the other prefectures in Transylvania, Banat, Crisana, Satmar and Maramureş, the Cluj County prefecture worked, until January 1, 1926, within the framework of the Hungarian administrative laws in force on December 1st, 1918. Therefore, after six years of Austro-Hungarian legal continuity, the Cluj prefecture took the shape and size imposed successively by institutional models, by laws and regulations on internal organization, but also by the will, sometimes discretionary, of the 15 prefects with various professions and personal political ambitions who represented the government here. We will limit ourselves here to study the 1923-1938 interval, since it corresponds to the period when the main administrative laws were adopted (1925, 1929, 1936, 1938), then the Constitution and, importantly, the first legal document that attests a change in the de facto unified administration, namely the law on civil service status. The year 1938 also ended the period during which, for two decades, the 25 Romanian governments implemented their own models of running the administration. The administrative laws of 1925, 1929 and 1936 were followed by reorganization of structures within the county of Cluj prefecture, but brought no major changes of content. For a more efficient functioning of the prefecture, the institution of delegation was often used, by means of which the prefect delegated his county duties to the deputy prefect. The work is based mainly on original sources, detected from archival research, bringing to light unknown or less clarified instances of the past of Cluj prefecture between the two world wars.

In today's society, government must fulfill the Romanian society. In these conditions, the citizens have expectations of increasingly large public administration, from the desire of a responsible administration, operating on public-customer relationship, administration-public service. Citizens need a functional public system, accessible, equitable, efficient, and responsive and tailored to their needs. Starting from the principles governing public administration principles such as due process, transparency, professionalism, customer focus, an important role of prefect is to ensure compliance with the law and to implement local governing program. Calling on theoretical theses we tried to make an analysis of the audiences at the Prefect Institution Bihor County for the same first six months in 2015 and 2016. In this study case, we have tried to identify the issues that were raised by the citizens, trying to follow and how to solve them, but also the type of the requests. One of the main conclusions we reached was that in Bihor county citizens trust the institution under review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local autonomy is not the equivalent of an absolute freedom of the authorities through which it is exercised, given the fact that, since it can be achieved only within the principles governed by the rule of law, it has certain limitations established by law. Thus, it is imperative to balance the size of the local autonomy, as recognized for local collectivities, and the requirements of the principle of legality; it is within this balance where the reason for the institution of the prefect must be sought out. By being the representative of the Government in the territory, the head of the decentralized public services of ministries and other central bodies of the administrative-territorial units, the authority of administrative tutelage, as well as the guarantor of compliance with the law and the public order on local level, the prefect has an important contribution in order to correlate local interests with the ones of the central level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aims to highlight some considerations of the legality control exercised by the prefect and the National Agency of Civil Servants with regard to local authorities administrative acts, with special reference to administrative contracts, administration silence and unjustified refusal to respond to a request, from legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great deal of attention has been paid by historians to the leading figures of the 1848-1849 Revolution in Transylvania, yet those from the second and third line have fallen into oblivion. Such an example is the case of Petru Bonta, the tribune from Seuşa, the county of Turda. He had completed his studies in Blaj, where he was also to be found once the revolution breaks out. His was an active role in organizing its proceedings and he also took part in the national meetings in Blaj. Following the September meetings, Bonta was named tribune of the Third Plains Legion lead by Vasile Moldova. He became actively involved in its dealings and so caught the eye of the Hungarian revolutionaries who slaughtered him in the autumn of 1848 in Ogra, as we are told by the report of the priest George Răchită. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Arhivei Maramureșene is the property of Revista Arhivei Maramuresene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)