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This study aimed to produce a gastroretentive floating tablet of Metoprolol succinate and examine the effects of release retardant on in vitro drug release. Metoprolol succinate is a β1 selective antagonist used as an Anti-hypertensive, Antiarrhythmic, and Anti Angina. Metoprolol succinate has 48% oral bioavailability due to limited absorption from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The Metoprolol succinate floating tablets were designed to increase stomach retention, prolong drug release, and enhance drug bioavailability. To shorten the floating lag time, hydrophilic polymers like Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M, K15M, and K100M), polyethylene oxide (PEO 303), and sodium bicarbonate as a gas-producing agent were incorporated into the formulation of the floating tablets. Different batches of Metoprolol succinate floating tablets were prepared by direct compression. All the formulations were evaluated for various quality control tests, such as weight variation, hardness, friability, swelling index, floating lag time, and total floating time. As a dissolution medium, 0.1 N HCl was used to conduct an in vitro release investigation on the tablets. The present study demonstrates the potential of the sustained-release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate as an alternative to conventional formulations. Keywords: Bioavailability, Floating tablet, antihypertensive drugs, extended release, Metoprolol succinate, Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.

The transdermal route is an important pathway for localized or systemic effects. The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is an essential skin permeation barrier for many drugs. To overcome this barrier, several techniques have been developed, including the use of the vehicle and nanocarriers to improve drug penetration. Recently, different types of nanocarriers have been designed to improve the dermal and transdermal delivery of medicines like ‘INVASOME’. We made clotrimazole loaded invasome gel which is used in fungal treatment. The procedure used in formulation of invasomal gel is mechanical dispersion method. This preparation is evaluate by many parameters they are appearance, spreadability, solubility, in vitro drug diffusion. And also discuss application of invasome.

Insufficient pharmacokinetic characteristics may be associated with the widespread use of oral dosage forms in the treatment of disease. In some cases, the drug is barely soluble; in others, the formulation's rapid transit through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) makes it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels in body; in addition, some drugs must act locally due to a gastric pathology, but they remain in the stomach for only a short time. Numerous studies have focused on the development of formulations that are capable of enhancing all of these characteristics and extending the stomach residence duration. The prolonged stomach retention duration afforded by gastroretentive controlled drug delivery devices increases the therapeutic efficacy of many orally administered drugs. In the present investigation, we reviewed the advanced methods and polymers used to develop effective gastroretentive drug delivery systems. These methods include swelling and expansion, mucoadhesive, high density, low density, ion exchange, raft forming, magnetic, and floating drug delivery systems. The development of gastroretentive devices involves a broad array of polymeric materials. This work intends to expedite the development of innovative methods by offering a comprehensive understanding of unique gastroretentive approaches along with the polymeric materials utilised in the fabrication of gastroretentive drug delivery systems for oral drug delivery. Keywords: Gastroretentive; mucoadhesive; floating; raft forming system; mucoadhesive; swellable.

The transdermal route is an important pathway for localized or systemic effects. The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is an essential skin permeation barrier for many drugs. To overcome this barrier, several techniques have been developed, including the use of the vehicle and nanocarriers to improve drug penetration. Recently, different types of nanocarriers have been designed to improve the dermal and transdermal delivery of medicines like ‘INVASOME’. We made clotrimazole loaded invasome gel which is used in fungal treatment. The procedure used in formulation of invasomal gel is mechanical dispersion method. This preparation is evaluate by many parameters they are appearance, spreadability, solubility, in vitro drug diffusion etc.

Bilayer tablets are novel drug delivery systems where combination of two drugs in a single unit having different release profiles can be delivered. Bilayer tablets improve patient compliance, prolong the drug(s) action and can deliver two incompatible drugs in a single formulation. Bilayer tablets have one layer of active ingredient for immediate release and a second layer for delayed release, either as a second dose or in an extended release fashion. Bilayer tablets are advancing helpful technologies to overcome the disadvantages of single-layered tablets. However, bilayer tablet technology is resource-intensive. A thorough selection of excipients and manufacturing conditions for each technical stage is also required. Patients with high blood pressure often have difficulty or are unable to regulate their BP with just a single medication. The majority of hypertension patients will need to take two or more antihypertensive medicines in order to meet treatment goals. Combinations of antihypertensive drugs from various categories have been found to be more effective than either drug alone in treating hypertension in people whose blood pressure cannot be maintained satisfactorily with monotherapy. Combining two antihypertensive medications with mutually beneficial mechanisms of action may result in much greater blood pressure lowering efficacy than any of these components alone. The goal of this review is to discuss the use of bilayer tablets to administer fixed antihypertensive drug combinations for the treatment of high blood pressure. Keywords: Bilayer tablet, blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, Sustained release, maintenance dose.

The οbjective οf the prοpοsed study was tο develοp lοw dοse support treatment οf metformin hydrochloride in diabetic patients. The pοtassium brοmide pellet was mοunted in IR compartment and checked between wave number 4000-450 cm-1 utilizing FTIR spectrοphοtοmeter (Mοdel-8400 S, Shimadzu, Japan). The dissοlutiοn and diffusiοn liquid fοr drug discharge and permeatiοn concentrates separately were chosen based οn sοlubility information οf metformin in variοus liquids. The lattice type transdermal patches οf Metformin hydrochloride were ready by sοlvent evapοratiοn method by utilizing diverse ratiο οf ethylcellulοse (EC) and pοlyvinylpyrrοlidοne K-30 (PVP) pοlymers. Weight variatiοn study οf transdermal patches was perfοrmed by independently gauging 10 randοmly chosen patches οf sizes 4.52 cm2 οn advanced gauging equilibrium and normal weight was determined. The absοrbance οf sοlutiοn was estimated at 227 nm by utilizing UV/apparent spectrοphοtοmeter (Mοdel-1700, Shimadzu, Japan). The chlοrοfοrm was utilized as a clear. The normal perusing οf three patches was taken as the content οf drug in οne fix. The transdermal patches were ready by utilizing ethylcellulοse (EC) and pοlyvinylpyrrοlidοne K-30 (PVP) pοlymers in various cοmpοsitiοn. The EC and PVP are mοst cοmmοnly involved pοlymers in transdermal medication conveyance framework because οf their cοmpatibility with drugs and supported delivery prοperties. The weight οf transdermal fixed shifted frοm 164.37 tο 172.01 mg which showed that the pre-arranged various bunches οf transdermal movies were comparative in weight. The most noteworthy rate οf drug discharge (59.66%) was οbserved frοm fοrmulatiοn F4 (EC/PVP, 3:2) which was fundamentally (pF3>F5>F2>F1. The created transdermal patches of Metformin hydrochloride might end up being a superior option in contrast to traditional measurement structures in diabetes.

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. Further, commercial antibiotic drugs caused side effects to body. However, herbal remedies often do not produce any side effects, and safe to be use. Hence the aim of the present study was to perform phytochemical study, and evaluate antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Madhuca longifolia against various bacterial and fungal species. The ethanol extract of flower of Madhuca longifolia were prepared and screened for phytochemical study. The different concentration of ethanol extract (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method. The phytochemical study indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenol in ethanol extract. The extract demonstrated the mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum antibacterial activity of extract was found on Staphylococcus aureus, while the highest antifungal activity was found on Aspergillus niger. The present study was concluded that the antimicrobial activity of Madhuca longifolia might be due to presence of flavonoids and polyphenol component.

Presently peoples are loaded with stress and leads to various neurodegenerative disorders like anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant, anti-alzheimer and anti-parkinson activity of Artemisia nilagirica leaves with flowering tops extracts. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Artemisia nilagirica leaves with flowering tops were processed for evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity namely hydrogen-donating activity, superoxide scavenging activity, total polyphenol content, total flavonol content and reducing power assay. The object recognition and Y-Maze test were used to evaluate the anti-alzheimer's activity of extract. The different parameters like catalepsy (bar test), locomotor activity (actophotometer test), and muscle activity (rotarod test) were measured in all animals for anti-parkinson activity. The findings of in vitro antioxidant study demonstrated that ethanol extract has maximum antioxidant properties compared to aqueous extract. Hence the ethanol extract of Artemisia nilagirica was selected for screening of anti-alzheimer and anti-parkinson activity. The administration of ethanol extract of Artemisia nilgirica exhibited significant anti-alzheimer and anti-parkinson activity. The findings of anti-alzheimer and anti-parkinson activity ethanol extract of Artemisia nilagirica demonstrated that this plant have neuroprotective properties.

India is a land mark for the traditional system of medicine from the past few centuries. Most of the traditional system of medicine are effective but only one major drawback is lack of standardization. So, there is a need to develop standardization technique to mingle this system of medicine in the main stream of health sciences. Centre council for research in Ayurveda and siddha has given the preliminary guideline for standardizing these conventional formulations. The present paper reports standardization of Talisadi churna an Ayurvedic formulation, from three different companies. Three marketed samples were subjected to organoleptic study, physical characterization and chromatographic study. It was observed that all the formulations are similar with their organoleptic properties and to some extend to their physical characters but they do not match quantitatively in active constituent (piperine) content which may be due to variation in raw material like geographical variation, collection time, storage etc. This study ready reference for selection of an appropriate formulation in the clinical practice and hence effective rational therapy, the overall theme of health science. The physical data obtained from various samples shows different values as they are claimed to be of same plant material in same quantities. The qualitative estimation of volatile oil shows the presence in all the formulations. The HPLC results of quantitative estimation of piperin shows considerable variation in piperine content into the formulations in which the maximum concentration was obtained in the formulation A.