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The most common problems encountered in any electrical distribution system are load unbalance and restoring service to healthy zones in the case of a fault. The load on the distribution network is not constant and varies from feeder to feeder throughout the day. In the event of a fault, network reconfiguration is performed to balance the loads and restore service to healthy zones. Network reconfiguration involves modifying the structure of a network by sectionalizing and tie switches. Through reconfiguration, loads can be transferred from a feeder that is relatively heavily loaded to one that is relatively lightly loaded. A hybrid Ant Lion Optimization and Improved Mayfly Optimization (ALO-IMO) technique for load balancing and restoring service is implemented in this paper. The proposed technique is employed for load balancing and restoring service on the IEEE 3 feeder system, as well as restoring service on the IEEE 4 feeder system.

Supplementary Information Table S1. PROTACs that target different biological proteins involved in the progression of prostate cancer.

In the current exploration an attempt has been made to assess the antibacterial potentialities of Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn leaf galls. It belongs to the family Combretaceae commonly known as ‘Arjuna’, an important ethno medicinal plant. The different solvent extract of T. arjuna leaf gall were subjected to antibacterial activity, total phenol and total carbohydrate content estimation. The antimicrobial susceptibility was screened by means of well diffusion, disc diffusion, MIC and MBC methods. The result showed that the methanol extract was active against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, when compared to other solvent extracts. The methanol extract of leaf gall showed optimum activity against Pesudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-7903), Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC-7325), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC – 6845) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC- 3160). The highest amount of phenolic content was observed in methanol extract (93.62 µg GAE/mg of extract) followed by acetone >water >chloroform. The highest value of carbohydrate were observed in water extract (80.90 µg/mg of extract) followed by >acetone > methanol > chloroform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of exploiting the antimicrobial properties of leaf gall of Terminalia arjuna. Our results indicated that the Terminalia arjuna leaf gall possess potential antibacterial activity. Keywords: T. arjuna, Methanol extract, Antibacterial activity. REFERENCES Ahmad, I. and Aquil, F. 2007. In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against ES ß - lactamase producing multidrug resistant enteric bacteria. Microbio. Res.162: 264 -275 Akram, M., Shahid, M. and Khan, A.U. 2007. Etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired urinary infections in J N M C Hospital Aigarh India. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. 6: 4-13. 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Manufacture of fermented foods/products, which, apart from basic nutrition, have health-promoting effects, is flourishing. Within the field of fermented foods, rapidly expanding is the area of probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are gaining growing attention in the last two decades as a result of the constantly increasing scientific evidence of their beneficial effects on human health. In the current study, the isolate Lactobacillus plantarum MYS84 was identified by morphological, biochemical, physiological, and genetic methods. The standard in vitro techniques revealed that the isolated strain possessed good probiotic attributes. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7903, probably due to its proteinaceous nature, and it retained activity after treatment with catalase, lysozyme, and papain. It was also heat-resistant and acid-stable. Moreover, the CFS exhibited strong biofilm inhibition (78%).

Background and Objective: With improved survival in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), the focus is currently on mitigating the morbidities. The objective of this study was to predict factors determining prolonged hospital stay in neonates with MAS. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective cohort from five centres of south India between 2018 and 2020. Neonates ≥35 weeks of gestation admitted to NICU with the diagnosis of MAS and requiring oxygen beyond 24 hours of life were included in the study. The morbidities in the neonates with stay ≤7 days (short stay) were compared with >7 days (prolonged stay). Logistic regression by the backward stepwise method was used for predictive score creation. Results: Out of 347 neonates with MAS discharged home, 103 (29%) had a short stay and 244 (71%) had prolonged stay. The primary support beyond O2 (CPAP/MV) (42% vs 83%, p30% (45% vs 87%, pConclusion: More than two-thirds of neonates with MAS had prolonged stay. The primary support beyond oxygen, Fio2 requirement >30%, Moderate to severe PPHN, HIE stage 2 or 3 were predictive of prolonged stay in neonates with MAS.

CASE We present a 15-year-old adolescent girl with acute onset knee pain and a lesion in the posterior septum (PS) believed to be an infectious process on initial investigations. This was excised successfully using a combination of transseptal and transnotch portals and proven to be a case of heterotopic ossification (HO) within the PS with an excellent outcome within 4 weeks. Our case is unique for the pathology that occurred and the technique of excision. CONCLUSION HO in the PS is a rare pathology that can be treated arthroscopically using a combination of portals. Removal causes complete resolution of symptoms.

A series of pyrazole integrated thiazolo[2,3-b]dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were synthesized as dual anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. Among the compounds studied, 3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl analogues (3a, 3e, and 3i) are considered to be promising leads for novel anti-inflammatory agents compared with the standard drug. The superior antimicrobial property of the compounds 3a, 3b, and 3d indicates that 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole substitution is a favourable site for high activity. Molecular docking studies were carried out in order to predict the hypothetical binding mode of these compounds to the COX-2 isoenzyme. The results of the present study suggest that 1,3-diaryl pyrazole substitution on thiazolo[2,3-b]dihydropyrimidinone derivatives might potentially constitute a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents with antimicrobial property and could be an interesting approach for the design of new selective COX-2 inhibitory agents.

Association of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) with the Chrysanthemum plants exhibiting severe stunting, distinct yellow leaf mottling, and chlorosis was detected in the main chrysanthemum-growing regions of India. Sequence analysis of 90 cDNA clones obtained for CSVd and CChMVd, representing the chrysanthemum-growing regions of India, revealed the high degree of sequence variation throughout the genome under natural conditions. Additionally, all the analyzed CChMVd clones revealed the presence of UUUC in the tetraloop, a signature of symptomatic variants in susceptible cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Indian CSVd is closely related to European isolates from ornamentals, whereas CChMVd clustered along with the isolates reported from the East Asian countries.

Background: Traditional fermented foods are a typical niche for probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and are involved with many therapeutic attributes. Among LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum is one of the most versatile members. Several L. plantarum strains have been documented for their probiotic attributes. There are limited reports on the evaluation of probiotic potential along with the therapeutic properties such as antioxidative ability. With this background, the present study was carried out to screen ‘Sannas’ which is collected from the Coorg region of Karnataka state, India, in the presence of potential probiotic L. plantarum strains for their therapeutic potential. Methods: Sannas was screened for the potential probiotic strains and identified using physiological, biochemical and molecular methods. A series of probiotic attributes were assessed for the selection of potential probiotic strains. Further, the potential probiotic strains were assessed for the in vitro antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7903. In addition, the cholesterol lowering ability of the potential probiotic strain using four-percent commercial fresh hen egg yolk as the cholesterol source. On the other hand, the in vitro antioxidant activity was also determined by a series of assays. Furthermore, the toxicity assessment was also done by the mitotic index using onion root tips as the source of chromosomes. Results: L. plantarum MYS14 isolated from an unexploited traditional cereal-based fermented food had good functional probiotic attributes and the antibiotic susceptibility was an intrinsic feature, thus consumption of this strain does not possess any health risk to humans and animals. In addition, the strain exhibited strong radical scavenging activity which might be useful in controlling or slowing the progress of several oxidative stress related disorders. On the other hand, the strain also exhibited better cholesterol assimilation, antibiofilm ability and the mitotic index revealed the non-toxic effect of the CFS. Conclusion: The probiotic therapy is gaining significant research interest in relation to gut microbiota in an attempt to better understand the therapeutic potential of probiotic strains isolated from unexploited traditional cereal based foods. It is confirmed that this L. plantarum MYS14 strain possesses several characteristics suitable for the production of various antioxidant probiotic products. Collectively, the results suggest that L. plantarum MYS14 may be used as probiotic strain for therapeutic applications.

The neutral point clamped (NPC) converter and the modular multilevel converter (MMC) are among the most popular multilevel converter topologies for medium and high voltage applications. Conventionally, Silicon (Si) switches are used in these converters, but the usage of evolving Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches can enhance their performance. This paper investigates the impact of SiC switches on the performance of the three-level MMC and NPC converter for the medium voltage (MV) Photovoltaic system. The detailed analysis of loss distribution in the switching devices and the impact of SiC switch on the achievable converter rating is given. The obtained results for conduction and switching losses are compared for both the converters. Finally, from the obtained results, conclusions are made for the selection of devices and the converter for a given rating. The analysis is done by first obtaining the device parameters using the simulation of detailed device models using the circuit simulator and then using them to get the equations for the device losses. These equations are then incorporated into the system level simulations of both of the converters to evaluate losses.

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common intestinal pathogen causes of human gastroenterocolitis thereby leading to diarrhea and other serious post-infectious complications. Controlling the C. jejuni infection is critical for reducing campylobacteriosis for a healthy gut. In the current study, Lactobacillus plantarum MYS94 was isolated from traditional fermented wine and characterized for its probiotics properties and therapeutic potential against C. jejuni.The probiotic attributes revealed that, the strain could resist the gut pH, bile salt tolerance, adherence ability to chicken crop epithelial cells, sensitivity to penicillin, amoxicillin, bacitracin and erythromycin, further the strain also exhibited inhibitory potential against common food pathogens. The neutralized cell-free supernatant of Lp MYS94 exhibited 62.04% inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7903 biofilm. The study also evaluated the cholesterol-lowering property of the Lp MYS94 using hen egg yolk as the cholesterol source. The cholesterol in hen egg yolk was assimilated by 62.18% and 31.42% by Lp MYS94and its CFS respectively. In addition, Lp MYS94-CFS tested against C. jejuni by well diffusion and time kill assay revealed a significant effect on C. jejuni with strong inhibitory activity. Collectively, the results suggests that L. plantarum MYS94 could be useful as potential probiotic strain suppressing C. jejuni.

Autism is characterized by communication impairments, neurobehavioral, social abnormalities and immunological and metabolic dysfunction. Among these, gastrointestinal abnormalities are of clinical importance associated with the autistic individuals. Gastrointestinal abnormalities can affect the neuropathological and behavioral features and contribute to pathogenesis of autistic symptoms. Now a spate of new studies supports this notion and suggests that restoring proper microbial balance could alleviate some of the disorder's behavioral symptoms. Evidence is mounting that some of the beneficial intestinal microbiome called probiotics favors the individuals with autism supporting the gut-brain barrier. These probiotics may provide therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders. Therapies that target the gut microbiome may hold the key for making progress against a wide range of notoriously difficult psychiatric illnesses. Thus, a probiotic supplementation early in life may reduce the risk of neuropsychiatric disorder development later in childhood possible by mechanisms not limited to gut microbiota composition.

CaS:Ce3+ is an efficient green-emitting (535 nm) phosphor, excitable with blue light (450–470 nm) and was synthesized via a solid-state reaction method by heating under a reducing atmosphere. The luminescent properties, photoluminescent (PL) excitation and emission of the phosphor were analyzed by spectrofluorophotometry. The excitation and emission peaks of the CaS:Ce3+ phosphor lay in the visible region, which made them relevant for light-emitting diode (LED) application for the generation of white light. Judd-Oflet parameters were calculated and revealed that green light emitted upon blue illumination. The prepared phosphor had strong blue absorption at 470 nm and a broad green emission band range from 490–590 nm with the peak at 537 nm. The characteristics of the CaS:Ce3+ phosphor make it suitable for use as a wavelength tunable green emitting phosphor for three band white LEDs pumped by a blue LED (470 nm). The Commission International de l'Eclairage co-ordinates were calculated by a spectrophotometric method using the spectral energy distribution (0.304, 0.526) and confirm the green emission. The potential application of this phosphor is as a phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sorghum-based traditional fermented food was screened for potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria. The isolates were identified by biochemical, physiological and genetic methods. Species identification was done by 16s rRNA sequence analysis. The functional probiotic potential of the two Lactobacillus species viz., Lactobacillus plantarum (Lact. plantarum) and Lactobacillus pentosus (Lact. pentosus) was assessed by different standard parameters. The strains were tolerant to pH 2 for 1 h and resistant to methicillin, kanamycin, vancomycin and norfloxacin. Two (Lact. plantarum COORG-3 and Lact. pentosus COORG-8) out of eight isolates recorded the cell surface hydrophobicity to be 59.12 and 64.06 %, respectively. All the strains showed tolerance to artificial duodenum juice (pH 2) for 3 h, positive for bile salt hydrolase test and negative for haemolytic test. The neutralized cell-free supernatant of the strains Lact. pentosus COORG-4, Lact. plantarum COORG-1, Lact. plantarum COORG-7, Lact. pentosus COORG-8 and Lact. plantarum COORG-3 showed good antibiofilm activity. Lact. pentosus COORG-8 exhibited 74 % activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-MTCC 7903 and Lact. plantarum COORG-7 showed 68 % inhibition of biofilm against Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 7407. Three (Lact. plantarum COORG-7, Lact. pentosus COORG-5 and Lact. pentosus COORG 8) out of eight isolates exhibited a good antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and five isolates (Lact. pentosus COORG 2, Lact. plantarum COORG 1, Lact. plantarum COORG 4, Lact. pentosus COORG 3 and Lact. plantarum COORG 6) are active against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis. The study also evaluated the cholesterol lowering property of the Lactobacillus strains using hen egg yolk as the cholesterol source. The cholesterol in hen egg yolk was assimilated by 74.12 and 68.26 % by Lact. plantarum COORG 4 and Lact. pentosus COORG 7, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the Lactobacillus strains isolated and characterized from sorghum-based fermented product may be used as probiotic strains for therapeutic applications.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species is a predominant Group 2B carcinogen occurring in maize and maize-based poultry feeds. It is shown to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and immunosuppressing in animals. In this study, we report the ameliorating effects of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum MYS6 on FB1-induced toxicity and oxidative damage in broilers. A 6-week dietary experiment consisting of 48 broilers was performed in six treatment groups. Probiotic treatment (109 cells/mL) involved pre-colonization of broilers with L. plantarum MYS6 while co-administration treatment involved supplementation of probiotic and FB1-contaminated diet (200 mg/Kg feed) simultaneously. At the end of the treatment period, growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, and markers of oxidative stress in serum and tissue homogenates were evaluated in all the broilers. The histopathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues were further studied. The results demonstrated that administration of L. plantarum MYS6 efficiently improved the feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio in broilers. It mitigated the altered levels of hematological indices such as complete blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin were significantly restored after administering the probiotic in FB1-intoxicated broilers. Additionally, L. plantarum MYS6 alleviated the levels of oxidative stress markers in serum and tissue homogenate of liver. The histopathological data of liver and kidney further substantiated the overall protection offered by L. plantarum MYS6 against FB1-induced cellular toxicity and organ damage in broilers. Our results indicated that co-administration of probiotic along with the toxin had better effect in detoxification compared to its pre-colonization in broilers. Collectively, our study signifies the protective role of L. plantarum MYS6 in ameliorating the FB1-induced toxicity in the vital organs and subsequent oxidative stress in broilers. The probiotic L. plantarum MYS6 can further be formulated into a functional feed owing to its anti-fumonisin attributes and role in mitigating FB1-induced hepatorenal damage.

The study aims to evaluate the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacillus plantarum strain MYS44 against the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus MTCC 411. Standard in vitro techniques revealed the potential antifungal activity of CFS of LpMYS44. In poison food technique, it was observed that 6% CFS of LpMYS44 retarded maximum growth. The inhibition of A. parasiticus on peanuts confirmed the ability of CFS of LpMYS44 for biopreservation. Further, CFS of LpMYS44 was purified by chromatography and analyzed by GC-MS. The major antifungal compounds were oleic acid, octanoic acid, butanamide, and decanoic acid derivatives. Twofold concentrated 80 μL of CFS was found to be minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CFS of LpMYS44. CFS of LpMYS44 suppressed the germination and growth of the spores of A. parasiticus. Microscopic observation showed that CFS of LpMYS44 severely affected the hyphal wall of A. parasiticus by the leakage of cytoplasmic content leading to complete destruction. Acidic condition is favorable for CFS of LpMYS44 activity. In poultry feed sample, CFS of LpMYS44 reduced the aflatoxin B1 content by 34.2%, reflecting its potentiality to use as detoxification agent. The multiple antifungal components in CFS of LpMYS44 exhibited antifungal properties against aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus resulted in causing overall morphological changes. Furthermore, we also observed the biopreservative ability of CFS of LpMYS44 against A. parasiticus and AFB1 reduction in for poultry feed. This study makes a contribution to using CFS of LpMYS44 and their applications in food and feed as pretreatment against aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus to reduce or eliminate AFB1 and maybe other aflatoxins, produced by other Aspergillus spp.

Powder phosphors of 1 mol% Eu3+- and Eu2+-doped strontium cerium oxide (Sr2CeO4) were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction method. Eu3+- and Eu2+-doped Sr2CeO4 phosphors fired at 1100 °C for 2 h were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The XRD patterns confirm that the obtained phosphors are a single phase of Sr2CeO4 composed of orthorhombic structure. Room temperature PL excitation spectrum of air-heated Sr2CeO4 : Eu phosphor has exhibited bands at 260, 280 and 350 nm. Whereas the excitation spectrum of Sr2CeO4 : Eu phosphor heated under reducing (carbon) atmosphere exhibited single broadband range from 260 to 390 nm. The (PL) emission peaks of both the phosphors at 467 (blue), 537 (green) and 616 nm (red) generate white light under 260, 280 and 350 nm excitation wavelengths. The Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates conforms that these phosphors emitting white light. The results reveal that these phosphors are multifunctional phosphors which emit white light under these excitations that they could be used as white components for display and lamp devices and as well as possible good light-conversion phosphor LEDs under near-ultraviolet (nUV) chip.