Search

Wastewater is considered a good reservoir of mineral elements that can be used for agriculture, aquaculture, and some other activities after adopting suitable measures. The gap between supply and demand for water is increasing exponentially because of the abrupt boost to the world's population. This poses a threat to human life as it has reached alarming levels in some parts of the globe. Normally, wastewater consists of liquid waste produced by commercial or industrial sources for daily use, consumption, and production. It is time to refocus our attention on a kind of circulating water system by reusing municipal wastewater for agricultural purposes, particularly irrigation. The recycled or treated water would be used as an alternative to fresh water. In the current study, the impact of various organic amendments was studied to mitigate the toxic effects of pollutants present in wastewater by cultivating maize as a test crop. The present study comprised five treatments replicated four times with a randomized complete block design under field conditions. In this experiment, the treatments included T1 (treatment 1) = control (wastewaterpolluted soil without the application of any amendment), T2 = farmyard manure (FYM) at 2.5 tons ha-1 (hectare-1), T3 = FYM at 5.0 tons ha-1, T4 = compost at 2.5 tons ha-1, and T5 = compost at 5.0 tons ha-1. The application of FYM at 5.0 tons ha-1 (T3) was recorded as being the most effective as the maximum improvement was observed in soil characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and organic matter, and for T3, these were 7.33, 2.22 dS m-1, 8.16, and 0.94%, respectively. T3 remained most superior in reducing the concentration of heavy metals in the soil; for example, lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic for T3 were 8.64, 1.34, 10.44, and 2.25 mg kg-1 (milligrams per kg), respectively. Maximum fresh biomass (fodder yield) of 9.98 tons ha-1 was harvested when FYM was applied at 5.0 tons ha-1 to the soil compared to 6.2 tons ha-1 in the control plot. The highest contents of nitrogen (1.20%), phosphorus (0.41%), and potassium (3.97%) were observed in maize plants for T3. In maize plants (T3), the concentration of lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic was reduced to levels of 1.92, 0.23, 2.28, and 1.25 mg kg-1, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded from the findings of the experiment that the application of FYM significantly reduced heavy metal concentrations and improved soil health, along with maize crop growth and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water security is a major challenge for agricultural sustainability in Egypt. To tackle water scarcity, the reuse of wastewater such as raw agricultural drainage water (RADW) and treated sewage drainage water (TSDW) can be a potential solution. An investigation was conducted over two seasons (2022 and 2023) for 5 months (January–May) on roughly 8-month-old jojoba plants to study their tolerance for irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater (RADW, TSDW) at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% compared to the control (tap water). The study examined the effect of wastewater irrigation on growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, shoot numbers, leaf physical measurements, visual quality (VQ) and leaf chemical components including heavy metals (HMs), antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]), ion leakage (IL%), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf minerals, pigments, soluble carbohydrate content (SCC), total phenolic content (TPC) and proline performance in jojoba plants. The findings indicated that jojoba plants can tolerate irrigation with RADW up to a concentration of 100% and TSDW up to a concentration of 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessing reliable quantitative and qualitative drinking water is one of the requirements of human society. Therefore, the water distribution network is designed to distribute reliable drinking water to consumers. In general, the entrance of any unintentional and intentional contamination reduces the reliability of this network. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the water distribution network using quality sensors to minimize the amount of contaminated water. In this research, three benchmarks of the Lee and Denninger network and the second and third network examples of EPANET software are selected as case studies. Here, by defining different scenarios, the optimal locations of quality sensors are determined using the dragonfly algorithm (DA) and the results are compared with the genetic algorithm (GA). This algorithm is a binary (zero-one) algorithm that has not any hyperparameters leading to reliable results. In addition, this algorithm is not used in the fields of quality monitoring of water distribution networks and therefore it is used here. The results showed the efficiency of the DA to solve this problem. In other words, for the Lee and Deninger network, the amount of contaminated water is reduced by 4.98 %, considering one sensor and consumption pattern one, 26.69 %, considering at least two sensors and consumption pattern one, 27.52 %, considering one sensor and consumption pattern two, and 19.76 %, considering least two sensors and consumption pattern two, using the DA. In addition, for the second network example of EPANET, the amount of contaminated water is reduced by 32.09 %, considering the 24-h consumption pattern and one sensor, and 20.8 %, considering the 24-h consumption pattern and at least two sensors. Finally, for the third network example of EPANET, the amount of contaminated water is reduced by 0.122 %, considering the 24 h consumption pattern and one sensor, and 0.345 %, considering the 24-h consumption pattern and at least two sensors.

The emergence of MOF–based separation membranes has transformed liquid contaminant filtration with impressive sieving properties. However, their use in multiphase water filtration is hindered by a limited sieving range and susceptibility to collapse in solution. To address this challenge, an innovative solution is presented: the Multilevel Cellular Graphene Skeleton (MCGK) induced by femtosecond laser, onto which a continuous MOF nanolayer (CMN), specifically ZIF–8, is grown. This forms a groundbreaking multistage micron/nanocomposite pore membrane. The MCGK/CMN membrane significantly expands the range of filterable contaminants and enhances stability. It utilizes a multilevel, multi–pore size sieving strategy for effective multiphase water filtration, achieving an impressive 90% efficiency in self–driven solar steam generation sieving. Additionally, it excels in removing organic pollutants and over 80% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), while reducing metal ion concentrations. In liquid pressure–driven filtration, it achieves complete oil adsorption and reduces VOCs and metal ion concentrations. This innovative multistage micron/nanocomposite pore membrane holds great potential for diverse practical applications and provides insights for next–generation nanofiltration membranes, promising more efficient and resilient water purification technologies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding an effective and environmentally acceptable adsorbent is crucial for wastewater treating. Biochar is a cheap and environmentally friendly adsorbent for Cd that is produced during the pyrolysis of biomass. Many modification techniques have been employed to increase the adsorption capacity of biochar because it has a low adsorption ability when it is unmodified due to its poorly porous structure and lack of surface functional groups. In this study, two types of biochars (orange-shell biochar and pea-shell biochar) and two modifiers (H2O2 and KMnO4) were prepared. A batch experiment was carried out to evaluate their removing efficiencies for Cd from a polluted solution. The results showed the adsorption ability of Cd by the above prepared biochar increased with increasing of their used doses and the highest removal efficiency was noticed due to application of 1 and 2 g biochars L-1. KMnO4 modified biochars were better in removing of Cd than H2O2 modified biochars and both modifiers were better in removing Cd than the unmodified ones. The highest eliminating percentages of Cd were 91.75% and 93.10% due to the use of KMnO4 pea-shell biochar at levels of 1 and 2 g biochars L-1. In view of our results, the H2O2 and KMnO4 modification of orange-shell and pea-shell biochars can be considered as a promising and non-cost operative sorbent to remove Cd from water/wastewater [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reported the chemical and microbiological composition of a sector of Pasărea River, Romania, comprising the Dimieni Bridge (DB) and Tunari Dam (TD) sites, in relation with the chemical and microbiological pollution of this tributary of River Dâmbovița. The amount of sulfate-reducing bacteria (5.75x107 cells/mL at DB and 5.5x107 at TD), nitrite and nitrate bacteria (3x10 cells/mL at DB and 3x10³ at TD), total coliforms (2,5x10 C.F.U./mL at DB and 2.25x10 at TD) and faecal streptococci (5x10³ C.F.U./mL at DB and 1.4x10² at TD) revealed a relatively high cell density of microbial groups considered indicators of microbiological pollution. The analysis of the chemical composition highlighted the presence of chromium, cerium, aluminium and barium oxides in the 10 – 20 % range at DB in winter and in the 20 – 70% range at TD during spring confirming the chemical pollution of the analysed river sector. These contents were in accordance with values that could sustain the development of a polluting microbial community. Based on the corroborated data, the current survey proposed a set of criteria for establishing standards for the microbiological and chemical pollution of fresh water relative to drinking water values [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-surfaced water sources have been used to irrigate vegetable farms in cities. Open-surface water often contains unmonitored concentrations of health-threatening contaminants that pose health risks, especially when used to produce vegetables for human consumption. However, information on levels of heavy metals and faecal coliform bacteria in such vegetables in selected sites, especially in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana is rare. This study examines the levels of heavy metals and faecal coliform in two vegetables-lettuce and bell pepper - that were cultivated using open-surface wastewater from drains and constructed reservoirs at different locations of the GAMA. Using concurrent mixed methods, questionnaires were administered to 67 vegetable farmers, followed by the collection of vegetable samples from three urban farm sites, Haatso and Dzorwulu and Weija irrigation scheme site (WISS) for laboratory analysis. The concentrations of Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave digestion of the vegetables while total faecal coliform was quantified using MacConkey-Endo broth method. The results from all three sites showed that the concentrations of Cd (=0.001 μg/mg) and Pb (=0.005 μg/mg) in lettuce were within the World Health Organization's (WHO) permissible levels. However, the Hg (≥0.309 μg/mg) and faecal coliform (>5 count/100 ml) in the vegetables from all three sites exceeded the WHO permissible limits. Therefore, consumers of vegetables from such urban farms are exposed to health risks associated with Hg and faecal coliforms. There is the need to intensify education on the health risks of consuming vegetables produced from open-surface water sources from the observed sites. The enforcement of existing phytosanitary standards to enhance food safety and the quality of urban vegetables is also recommended.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this era of globalization, clean water management is considered a complex problem requiring the strategic management of various aspects. Citizen participation in managing polluted waters is a critical, determining factor in preventing water crises. This study predicts the socioeconomic factors influencing citizens’ behaviors in polluted water management.METHOD: A survey on Jakarta’s clean water was conducted with 503 respondents in 2022. Three interest variables were studied: first action taken during contamination, water nuisance level, and willingness to pay for clean water. Control variables were also explored, including daily income, education level, age, marital status, and gender. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.FINDINGS: In general, socioeconomic factors influence citizens’ behaviors in dealing with polluted water. The specific findings regarding the probabilities for the first action on the basis of asking for immediate action from local authorities, namely, by asking other citizens, waiting for information from other citizens, and looking for sources of water pollution were –2.21, –3.50, and 0.61, respectively. The results also revealed the probabilities of nuisance level (0.07), willingness to pay for clean water (0.0495), daily income (–0.02), educational level (–0.429), and age (0.01). The probabilities for married citizens (–2.845) and men (–0.268) were lower than those for unmarried citizens and women, respectively.CONCLUSION: The findings of this study can be used to predict the management of water pollution among Jakarta citizens, as well as serve as a reference for related stakeholders. Socioeconomic factors can affect citizens in various aspects of life, including participation in water management. However, not all socioeconomic factors are directly proportional to citizen participation. In fact, other socioeconomic indicators are inversely proportional to what are expected based on theoretical assumption. Finally, educational level and income do not always translate to behavioral changes linked to water pollution management.

With the increasing awareness of the serious pollution from the usage of fossil fuels and the fast advances of technologies, the usage of biomass has been increased significantly. In this review paper, the biomass serving as carbon precursors and the energy has been reviewed including lotus lives, wheat flour, fish scale, fish skin, wax gourd, etc. The formed carbon nanostructures are reviewed together with their applications including the treatment volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metal ions from polluted water, spilled oil, fillers for advanced composites, etc. This paper gives the usage of biomass in a sustainable and green way.

The uncontrolled concentrations of heavy metals introduced into the water sources need an effective method for their removal. The dithiocarbamate (dtc) ligands are the most popular precipitating agents used for the removal of metals from wastewater. Presently, two novel dtc ligands, one without methylene linker (K2L1) and the other with methylene linker (K2L2) were used for the removal of eight heavy metals ions including Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ from the aqueous solution. These dtc ligands contain acyl (NH-C = O) and S, S (thiolate) functional groups. The results indicated that the metal removal efficiency of both ligands was almost 100% at pH 4 and 7 and free of the linker effect and acyl functional groups but depends on the S, S binding sites. It exhibited a distinct selectivity for the removal of metal ions (Pb2+ ∼ Cu2+ ∼ Ag1+ > Cd2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Fe2+). The developed methods have the potential for the removal of heavy metals and can be used for other thiophilic metals that are water-soluble.HIGHLIGHTS Water treatment, contaminated by heavy metal ions.Synthesis and characterization of two novel dithiocarbamate ligands.Effect of methylene (-CH2-) linker of dithiocarbamtes on heavy metals extraction.pH and temperature effect on the extraction efficiency of ligands.

The objective of the research was to analyze by Raman spectroscopy the morphology of gold nanoparticles generated by laser ablation in L-Cysteine of purity = 97% dissolved in ultrapure water for the detection by color change of mercury dissolved in water. Three samples of 10 ml of ultrapure water were prepared with aggregation of 10 ul of L-Cysteine with concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 mM; the generation of the gold nanoparticles was by laser ablation with a wavelength ? = 1064 nm, energy of 60.28 mJ/p located at 30 cm from the convex lens generating ablation at 10 cm on a gold plate of dimensions 10×15 mm with thickness of 1 mm, for 30 min. The gold nanoparticles generated in these aqueous environments were characterized by Raman spectroscopy using a laser with a sensitivity of 785 nm with Raman Shift analysis range 860-3200 cm-1 and controlled power at 499 mW. The nanoparticles presented maximum peak resonance around Raman Shift 1164.96 cm-1 and 1288.06 cm-1. With the AuNPs + L-Cysteine sample with concentration of 10 mM, the author proceeded to the detection of Hg2+ prepared in 20 µl of ultrapure water at concentrations of 0.1, 5 and 10 µM; when adding 100 µl of AuNPs + L-Cysteine two peak absorbance spectra were obtained with different amplitudes observed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, indicating that Hg2+ decreased the repulsion of the negatively charged AuNPs, generating the visible color change for the three concentrations of Hg2+ with 25 minutes of agitation, turning intense purple for 10 µM of Hg2+; enabling the detection of mercury in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy‐based desalination systems are one of the main sources of human sustenance to address the climate damage of their fossil fuel‐based counterparts. Drinking water is not available in some remote areas and this causes a problem so there is a real need to develop simple and handy methods to solve this problem. Solar distillation is a simple, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly process. It entails evaporating dirty water with free solar energy to obtain pure water. This study aims to achieve the highest performance of solar stills by using industrial coal debris as low‐cost and locally available energy storage materials. These coals help to increase the rates of absorption of solar radiation and improve the rates of heat transfer to the basin water. In addition, aluminum waste represents thermal storage materials. Two identical solar stills were exposed to the sun for 10 h, resulting in identical meteorological conditions. The first solar still was taken as the reference (RSS), and the second solar still which contains the carbon debris as low‐cost and locally available energy storage materials, it is the modified solar still (MSS). The results showed that carbon debris improved the accumulative productivity from 3.233 to 4.066 kg/m2, with an improvement rate of 25.76%. Also, the average thermal efficiency of RSS and MSS reached 27.98% and 34.79%, respectively. According to the economic analysis, the sum invested in the building of the two solar stills is recovered in 45 days for RSS and 35 days for MSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this era of globalization, clean water management is considered a complex problem requiring the strategic management of various aspects. Citizen participation in managing polluted waters is a critical, determining factor in preventing water crises. This study predicts the socioeconomic factors influencing citizens' behaviors in polluted water management. METHODS: A survey on Jakarta's clean water was conducted with 503 respondents in 2022. Three interest variables were studied: first action taken during contamination, water nuisance level, and willingness to pay for clean water. Control variables were also explored, including daily income, education level, age, marital status, and gender. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. FINDINGS: In general, socioeconomic factors influence citizens' behaviors in dealing with polluted water. The specific findings regarding the probabilities for the first action on the basis of asking for immediate action from local authorities, namely, by asking other citizens, waiting for information from other citizens, and looking for sources of water pollution were -2.21, -3.50, and 0.61, respectively. The results also revealed the probabilities of nuisance level (0.07), willingness to pay for clean water (0.0495), daily income (-0.02), educational level (-0.429), and age (0.01). The probabilities for married citizens (-2.845) and men (-0.268) were lower than those for unmarried citizens and women, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study can be used to predict the management of water pollution among Jakarta citizens, as well as serve as a reference for related stakeholders. Socioeconomic factors can affect citizens in various aspects of life, including participation in water management. However, not all socioeconomic factors are directly proportional to citizen participation. In fact, other socioeconomic indicators are inversely proportional to what are expected based on theoretical assumption. Finally, educational level and income do not always translate to behavioral changes linked to water pollution management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sedge cane is a year-round natural plant that is regarded as one of the most significant grasses on the planet, and it usually causes major disposal concerns. As a result, employing sedge cane as a low-cost adsorbent to remove oil from produced water is helpful from both an economic and environmental standpoint. The response surface methodology is used to investigate the reaction optimization of oil removal using the sedge cane. The tests had three independent variables: adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature, as well as one response variable is (oil removal percent). According to the findings, the adsorbent dosage had the biggest impact on the percentage of oil removed. The findings predicted that employing sedge cane with 5 gm/L adsorbent dosage at 40 °C and 60 min contact time, the optimum condition for oil removal would be up to 95%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the sedge cane. The results of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Sips isotherm models were 0.9967, 0.4166, 0.956, and 0.9062, respectively. Compared to the other models, Langmuir model best characterized the adsorption process. The reaction's kinetics were most accurately characterized by the PFO kinetic equation with 0.9382 for PFO, 0.8147 for PSO, and 0.7888 for the Elovich model. Temperature effects on thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results of the testing showed that sedge cane is an effective adsorbent for eliminating oil from contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the performance of microbial inoculants by exploring pollutant removal efficiency, microbial viability and substrate removal kinetics for treating polluted surface water. The morphological, elemental composition and biochemical characterization of inoculants were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The identification of bacterial strains in polluted feed water also was performed using 16S rRNA partial sequencing. Bench‐scale efficacy of selected microbial inoculants (MI) along with control for each study was performed at variable retention times ranging from 6 to 72 h, under optimum operating conditions. RESULTS: The maximum removal (86% and 90%) of the organic load (chemical and biological oxygen demand, COD and BOD) was achieved by inoculants containing Bacillus subtilis along with other microbial species after 72 h of treatment. The microbial inoculant MI‐2 containing Paracoccus pantotrophus and Pseudomonas Putida exhibited the highest TN removal (66%) after 72 h of contact time. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis revealed that the active biomass ratio is a more precise indicator of healthy biomass instead of the conventionally used parameter MLVSS (mix liquor volatile suspended solids) in a biological treatment system, which apparently provides a significant addition to the existing knowledge base for the operational wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). CONCLUSION: In this study, microbial inoculants were found to be frugal and viable treatment tools for the remediation of polluted surface water. Exploiting such inoculants also can overcome the inefficiencies of existing sewage treatment plants by serving as potential tools for bio‐augmenting the indigenous microbial fingerprint of aeration tank/secondary treatment systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae show great potential to remove heavy metals from aqueous media. The present study aimed to prepare magnetized Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus obliquus and consider their capability for facile removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from the aqueous media. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (17–26 nm) were first incorporated into the cells. Thereafter, the optimal conditions for bioaccumulation were determined as pH 5.5, initial biomass 1 g L−1, and temperature 28 ºC. The accumulation kinetics of the ions with both magnetic microalgae were measured and well-fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99) for the media supplemented with Cd2+ (25–400 mg L−1) and Pb2+ (25–200 mg L−1). The accumulation isotherms for both magnetic microalgae were fitted to the Langmuir model with the Cd2+ and Pb2+ maximum sorption capacities of 280.8 and 144.0 mg g−1 for C. vulgaris as well as 331.4 and 131.1 mg g−1 for S. obliquus, respectively. Magnetized microalgae are proposed as an efficient tool for the removal of metal ions from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, and bacteria are important sources of water pollution. How to solve these issues has become a problem in the fields of science and technology. People have developed a variety of technologies to treat pollutants in water. Photocatalytic technology came into being. As a simple and environmentally friendly treatment technology, it has been widely studied by the scientific community. Traditional powder photocatalysts cause secondary pollution to the environment and are not conducive to recycling. Therefore, large specific surface area and reusable membrane photocatalysts built by electrospinning technology have become a favorite of today's scientific community. Nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning technology have a variety of structures, which can meet the needs of different occasions. This review summarizes and discusses research progress in electrospinning technology, the relationship between the structure and treatment of electrospun fiber membranes, and their impacts on the photocatalytic performance of nanofiber membranes. The performance, challenges, and future development directions of nanofiber membranes with different structures, prepared by different kinds of electrospinning techniques using photocatalysis to treat different pollutants, are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Heavy metals in the environment cause adverse effects on living organisms. Agro-wastes have the potential to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In this study, the orange peel cellulose (OPC) beads were utilized as adsorbents to remove metals from wastewater. The surface of the adsorbent was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The concentrations of the metals before and after adsorption were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The removal of the metal ions (i.e., Cr6+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) using the OPC was investigated by varying the pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosages parameters. The maximum removal efficiency obtained for the metal ions occurred at pHs 4–8. The use of the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models demonstrated the statistical significance of the heavy metal adsorption processes (R2 > 0.96). At a neutral pH, the OPC adsorption order was Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cr6+ with % removal values of 98.33, 93.91, and 33.50, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium for Cr6+ was reached after 36 h. For Cd2+ and Pb2+, equilibrium was reached after 8 and 12 h, respectively. The FT-IR and SEM-EDS confirmed the presence of many functional groups and elements on the adsorbent. The adsorption of heavy metals using the OPC is a low-cost, eco-friendly, and innovative method for the removal of metals in aquatic environments. The findings of this study will be highly significant for the public in the affected areas worldwide that have credible health concerns due to water contamination with heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomineralization technology offers an eco-friendly and efficient method for stabilizing heavy metals (HMs) in ecosystem. This technology comprises two primary methods: microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). Biomineralization provides a superior alternative to stabilize heavy metals due to its low energy consumption, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and superior biocompatibility. In the process of biomineralization, heavy metal ions precipitate and co-precipitate with calcium carbonate, forming a solidified and stabilized product. Despite its many advantages, little attention has been paid to the impact of biomineralization on mitigation of ammonia nitrogen of bio-treated polluted water and the strength of contaminated soil, limiting its further applications in ecological environment restoration. This paper summarizes recent advancements in biomineralization for solidifying and stabilizing (S/S) heavy metals in contaminated water and soil. Key factors inhibiting this method’s application include the concentration and combinations of heavy metal ions, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in polluted water, and the properties of contaminated soil. Finally, this paper offers recommendations on the optimization of further research and experimental design of biomineralization on S/S polluted water and contaminated soil.

The presented research applied the modified Halloysite nanoclay to boost the adsorption efficacy of heavy metals from the water. To improve As (III) adsorption effectiveness from water, the study assessed the characteristics of the prepared materials and improved the experimental conditions. The study was optimized the experimental condition with a dosage of 1 g/L, contact time of 90 min, the solution pH of 8, and the initial concentration of 5 ppm of As (III). The optimization was performed in distilled water and later the experiments were conducted in the real polluted water. The modified Halloysite nanoclay’s physical characteristics were investigated using techniques like X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface area analysis. The experimental result shows the adsorption efficiency of 82.4 % of As (III) at the optimized condition during the usage of modified Halloysite nanoclay. To create a suitable mathematical model for a better description of the interactions between pollutants and solid adsorbents, it is helpful to analyze the process kinetically. The removal process of As (III) was studied kinetically and the observation shows the pseudo-second order kinetics.

The uncontrolled concentrations of heavy metals introduced into the water sources need an effective method for their removal. The dithiocarbamate (dtc) ligands are the most popular precipitating agents used for the removal of metals from wastewater. Presently, two novel dtc ligands, one without methylene linker (K2L1) and the other with methylene linker (K2L2) were used for the removal of eight heavy metals ions including Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ from the aqueous solution. These dtc ligands contain acyl (NH-C = O) and S, S (thiolate) functional groups. The results indicated that the metal removal efficiency of both ligands was almost 100% at pH 4 and 7 and free of the linker effect and acyl functional groups but depends on the S, S binding sites. It exhibited a distinct selectivity for the removal of metal ions (Pb2+ ∼ Cu2+ ∼ Ag1+ > Cd2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Fe2+). The developed methods have the potential for the removal of heavy metals and can be used for other thiophilic metals that are water-soluble. HIGHLIGHTS Water treatment, contaminated by heavy metal ions. Synthesis and characterization of two novel dithiocarbamate ligands. Effect of methylene (-CH2-) linker of dithiocarbamtes on heavy metals extraction. pH and temperature effect on the extraction efficiency of ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials are noteworthy for their valuable photoactive properties and applications. Their cellulosic nano-particles could be used for the decoloration of polluted water since they are eco-friendly. Therefore, this study investigated the cellulose powder coated with a layer of nano-crystalline-titanium dioxide (TiO2) through the sonosynthesis process to minimize the hazardous of contaminated water containing reactive dyes. Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta Potential Spectroscopy were utilized to examine the subsequent composition. Decoloration of the compositions was perceived through Ultra Violet (UV) light at 30 min. It was observed that the composition simultaneously improved the quality (cleaning) of polluted water. It absorbed the reactive dye hastily in 2 min which is the fastest time reported up to now and transformed the polluted water quality into hygienic condition. Additionally, the cleaning efficiency of the polluted water was increased with the number of functional repeats. Thus, assisted in an eco-friendly remedy of wastewater and minimizing the pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work reports the newly synthesized resin polymethylene, bis-2-methoxy-1-napthaldehy-o-phenylenediimine (PMBMNOPhen) and then react with titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide to form encapsulated resin by metal oxide nanoparticles (PMBMNOPhenTiO2/SiO2) and resulted in the material is polymethylene, bis-2-methoxy-1-napthaldehy-o-phenylenediimine titanium-dioxide nanoparticles (PMBMNOPhenTiO2). The resin-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles were successfully identified morphology, crystal structure, and light absorption capacity of samples were characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive (EDS) X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy methods. Afterwards, the resin-encapsulated metaloxide nanoparticles are used for degradation of methylene orange (MO) dye. The photo-oxidation rate of the dye is dependent on the different parameters: initial dye concentration, effect of time, the effect of NaBH4 and effect of dose of catalyst. The degradation of MO 60–80%% in real water samples with respect time of 30–60 minutes. These results confirm the prepared resin-encapsulated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PMBMNOPhenTiO2/SiO2) displaying a great photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene orange dye under visible light irradiation effect of a catalyst in real water sample degradation. The synthesized catalyst (PMBMNOPhenTiO2/SiO2) was successfully applied in real dye water solution (colored water), collected from Jamshoro, Sindh (Pakistan). The resin-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles showed an excellent performance to reduce MO dye in contaminated water. These results approve that the resin-encapsulated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PMBMNOPhenTiO2) display a great photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO dye under visible light irradiation degradation. Photocatalytic degradation using resin-encapsulated (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst is effectively used for the textile dye (MO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the efficiency of nanoporous carbon modified with copper nanoparticles (nC@CuNPs) for the removal of microbial contaminants from polluted waters. The modified material was prepared by wet impregnation of the unmodified carbon material in a solution of as-prepared Cu-nanoparticles. The materials were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The materials were then investigated for their ability to remove copper and lead using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), methylene blue using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and microbial contaminants from simulated polluted water. The results showed that in addition to retaining its heavy metals (Cu and Pb), and methylene blue removal capacity, the modified material, nC@CuNPs was efficient in removing microbial contaminants (E. coli and Salmonella) from the polluted water. The study provides an avenue for the provision of easy access to a range of such water purification materials to the increasing world population and contributes towards meeting the United Nationals Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution caused by various cationic dyes is becoming more and more serious. A combination of magnetic materials, conductive polymers, and some strong adsorption groups is expected to solve this challenge. Herein, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4)@polypyrrole@2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (Fe 3 O 4 @PPy@AMPS) is fabricated as adsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), malachite green (MG), and crystalline violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The investigation of the factors including adsorbent type, adsorbent concentration, time, and temperature demonstrates that Fe 3 O 4 @PPy@AMPS has superior properties to adsorb the four cationic dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of these dyes is separately 183.486, 215.054, 144.718 and 194.175 mg/g. Notably, although it goes through five cycles, the composite maintains a remarkable dye removal efficiency exceeding 95 %. Kinetic analysis reveals that the adsorption process conforms more closely to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm conforms to the Langmuir model, signifying monolayer adsorption of the dyes. Thermodynamic parameters also indicate that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) simulations affirm the molecular interactions between Fe 3 O 4 @PPy@AMPS and four dyes, elucidating the adsorption mechanism. The high efficiency and recyclable nature of the Fe 3 O 4 @PPy@AMPS composite underscores its significance in addressing dye wastewater pollution remediation. [Display omitted] • Magnetic core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @PPy@AMPS composite adsorbent is successfully synthesized. • The maximum adsorption capacity Qm for MB, RhB, MG and CV is 183.486, 215.054, 144.718 and 194.175 mg/g. • The adsorption for MB, RhB, MG and CV remains more than 95 % after five cycles. • The adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. • The adsorption for MB, RhB, MG and CV is a spontaneous heat-absorption reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopians are increasingly moving from the countryside to cities, accelerating the process of urban growth. Vegetables are a vital part of overall nutrition because they comprise carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. Such crops however encompass comparable vital and poisonous materials in different compositions. Among the most critical components of food quality management is the heavy metal pollutants of food products. Cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc are the most abundant pollutants. All of these substances are nutritionally important and required for growth. Numerous factors affect heavy metal absorption and biomagnification in vegetables, including weather, degree of contamination in soil conditions, and extent of the crops produce. Heavy metal contamination is generally triggered by pollutants from extraction and a broad range of activities. Protracted intake of dangerous heavy metal content in meals could hinder diverse bioactive substances as well as the metabolic system of the human body. These include persistent metal accumulation in the liver, altering multiple biological pathways that result in cardiac, anxiety, kidney, and skeletal problems. Pollutants pose a huge potential hazard to people of all ages who ingest fruits and vegetables cultivated in polluted soils.

Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a severe issue. Heavy metals directly impact people's lives since they accumulate in the food chain, even in low amounts. Some heavy metals were found to have polluted the water, exceeding the dangerous limits for life. A nanoadsorbent is needed to remediate heavy metals. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoadsorbent has been synthesized without and with additional materials using a combination method of coprecipitation and milling, namely Fe3O4 Magnetic (FM), Fe3O4 Magnetic/Activated Carbon (FMAC), Fe3O4 Magnetic/Chitosan (FMCH), and Fe3O4 Magnetic/Glutaraldehyde (FMG). According to the AAS characterization results, the adsorption percentage of FM nanoadsorbent without additives was higher than that of other materials with additives. Structural characterization showed the crystal size of Fe3O4 magnetic without additives with a range of 11 nm. The surface morphology characterization showed no aggregation, and the maximum percentage of Fe3O4 magnetic purity without additional material was 89.26%.% Adsorption is affected by contact time, stirring speed, and the pH of the solution. Optimum% adsorption occurred at a contact time of 120 min, a stirring speed of 200 rpm, and a solution pH of 7 (neutral) 99.27%. The novelty Fe3O4 magnetic nanoadsorbent without additional material is more effective in remediating polluted water.

A sponge moving bed membrane bioreactor (SMB‐MBR) was developed for high‐rate biological purification of polluted surface water for nonpotable utilization purposes. The SMB‐MBR contains polyurethane sponge cubes (10% v/v) and submerged hollow fibre membranes in a solid separation compartment and operated under a short hydraulic retention time of 1 h. High organic (96% biochemical oxygen demand [BOD], 85% soluble chemical oxygen demand [COD] and 84% COD) and nitrogen (99% ammonium nitrogen [NH4+], 98% total Kjeldahl nitrogen [TKN] and 87% total nitrogen [TN]) removals were achieved. In the SMB‐MBR, the suspended and attached biomass were allowed to develop under no sludge wastage operation. The co‐existence of heterotrophs, nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the biomass was confirmed under a high oxygen environment. Sustainable operation of SMB‐MBR could be achieved by maintaining stable membrane flux without chemical cleaning for 60 days. This research demonstrates the technical feasibility of applying the SMB‐MBR for clean water production when the polluted surface is the only raw water source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a lot of interest in the manufacture of stable, high-efficiency photocatalysts. In this study, initially Cr doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were made via surfactant-assisted hydrothermal technique. Then Cr-ZnFe2O4 NPs were modified by incorporating S-g-C3N4 to enhance their photocatalytic efficiency. The morphological, structural, and bonding aspects were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The photocatalytic efficiency of the functional Cr-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 (ZFG) heterostructure photocatalysts was examined against MB under sunlight. The produced ZFG-50 composite has the best photocatalytic performance, which is 2.4 and 3.5 times better than that of ZnFe2O4 and S-g-C3N4, respectively. Experiments revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the ZFG nanocomposite was caused by a more effective transfer and separation of photo-induced charges. The ZFG photocatalyst can use sunlight for treating polluted water, and the proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Cr and S-g-C3N4 is efficient, affordable, and environmentally benign. Under visible light, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were employed to ZFG-50 NCs' antimicrobial activity. These ZFG-50 NCs also exhibit excellent antibacterial potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, organic dyes and other environmental contaminants are focal areas of research, with considerable interest in the production of stable, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly photocatalysts to eliminate these contaminants. In the present work, bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (Bi-ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and bismuth-doped zinc ferrites supported on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4) (BZFG) photocatalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal process. SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic competence of the functional BZFG nanocomposites (NCs) was studied against MB under sunlight. The influence of Bi (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt.%) doping on the photocatalytic performance of ZnFe2O4 was verified, and the 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited the maximum MB degradation. Then, 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 NPs were homogenized with varying amounts of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 60, and 70 wt.%) to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of BZFG NCs. The fabricated Bi-ZnFe2O4/30%S-g-C3N4 (BZFG-30) composite outperformed ZnFe2O4, S-g-C3N4 and other BZFG NCs in terms of photocatalytic performance. The enriched photocatalytic performance of the BZFG NCs might be ascribed to a more efficient transfer and separation of photo-induced charges due to synergic effects at the Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 interconnection. The proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Bi and S-g-C3N4 is effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Pure NiO, N-doped, Fe-doped, N and Fe codoped NiO NPs were fabricated via a precipitation process. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the face centered cubic phase of NiO products. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD peak was steadily enlarged with the order of elements N, Fe, N/Fe doped to NiO, and shifted towards a greater angle due to decrease in grain size, as shown by XRD. The average crystallite size of NiO products was calculated, ranging from 6.67 to 3.76 nm, according to the Debye Scherrer formula. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated considerable morphological changes in the produced nanoparticles, including those directed to rock-like geometries (NiO and Fe/NiO nanoparticles) while gas covered-nanocrystals (N/NiO and N/Fe/NiO nanoparticles) were formed using precipitation method. The particle size range of 10–50 nm was estimated using the bar scale in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures. The elemental composition of Ni, O, Fe and N atoms in the respected samples was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). Photoluminescence (PL) showed band edge emission at 370 nm. The band edge-absorption peak, which is caused by electronic transitions between energy levels, is determined to be in the range 314–325 nm. A UV–Vis analysis found an energy gap amid 3.2 eV and 2.5 eV. The chemical condition of the Fe and N doped NiO composites were validated using XPS. Using visible photo application of undoped and doped NiO NPs, the degradation of an azo dye termed methylene blue was examined. It was N/Fe/NiO (79.8%), Fe/NiO (76%), N/NiO (73%), and NiO (62%) throughout the 6 h irradiation duration. Increased production of OH• radicals was detected in fluorescence tests using terephthalic acid (TA) for N/Fe/NiO NPs, indicating the higher photo-degradation described. Furthermore, the degradation trends of both undoped and doped NiO NPs closely matched the pseudo first order kinetics, according to the kinetic analysis. There was also a suggestion for a thorough MB breakdown mechanism.

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper involves a method of eliminating hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from the synthetic water via a low dosage of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The ability of CNT to remove Cr(VI) from synthetic water through the adsorption process was studied in batch experimentation. The findings revealed up to 100% elimination of Cr(VI) in the 0.07 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration. These excessive elimination proficiencies were credited to the powerful adsorption of chromium ions to the physical properties of the CNT. A pattern layout was created in these experimental runs in order to locate the ideal situation of the Cr(VI) deletion from synthetic water. To accomplish the purposes of the experiment, there were 4 independent variables influencing several points, namely the CNT dosage, the pH of the water, the agitation speed, and the contact time. The StatGraphics Centurion XV software has been used to create the adsorption equivalence and to discover the major impacts to the elimination of Cr(VI). The results show that the adsorption capability of the carbon nanotubes was considerably reliant on the pH of the Cr(VI) solution, supported by the CNT dosage, the contact time, and the agitation speed. The expected optimization, using the adsorption equation, shows that a 1 mg CNT dosage with a pH=2, 120 minutes contact time, and moderate agitation rate at 150 rpm is the most optimal. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini melibatkan kaedah bagi menyingkirkan kromium (VI) dari air sintetik menggunakan karbon tiub nano berdos rendah. Eksperimen kelompok dilakukan bagi menentukan keupayaaan karbon tiub nano menyingkirkan Cr(VI) dari air sintetik melalui proses penjerapan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Cr(VI) telah disingkirkan sebanyak 100% dari kepekatan 0.07 mg/L Cr(VI). Kecekapan penyingkiran ini adalah disebabkan penjerapan ion-ion kromium yang kuat terhadap sifat fizikal nano tiub karbon tersebut. Rekabentuk eksperimen telah dibina bagi menentukan peringkat optima penyingkiran Cr(VI) dari air sintetik. Bagi mencapai matlamat kajian, empat faktor yang terdiri daripada dos nano tiub karbon, pH air, kelajuan goncangan dan masa sentuhan diukur. Perisian StatGraphics Centurion XV telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan nilai setara proses penjerapan dan kesan utama yang menyebabkan tersingkirnya Cr(VI). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keupayaan penjerapan oleh nano tiub karbon sangat bergantung kepada pH larutan Cr(VI), disusuli dengan dos nano tiub karbon masa sentuhan dan kelajuan goncangan. Penjerapan optimum Cr(VI) dapat dicapai pada tahap 1 mg dos nano tiub karbon, larutan pada pH 2, masa sentuhan selama 120 minit dengan kelajuan goncangan sebanyak 150 rpm.

[Display omitted] • sp2 -rich dendrite-like carbon nanowalls were successfully deposited. • XPS and EELS measurements confirmed a high amount of sp2 carbon of ca. 74–78% • The limit of detection of tetryl using D:CNW electrode was equal to 17 ppb. • Different nitroaromatics show different reduction potentials. • D:CNW are promising electrodes for nitroaromatic environmental monitoring. Nitroaromatic compounds are commonly used explosive materials that pose a risk to human health and ecosystems due to their acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Nitroaromatics have numerous pathways into the environment via discarded munitions (e.g. into the Baltic Sea after World War II), after use in mining operations, and in industrial run-off from factories producing these compounds (which are produced across the world to date). The current detection method relies on chromatography and mass spectrometry methods, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require specialist equipment and training. Carbon-based electrochemical sensors offer a low-cost, fast, and easy on-site method for the detection of a variety of compounds. This study demonstrates an efficient approach for rapid electrochemical sensing of Tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline) through the use of boron-doped sp2 -rich carbon structures. These structures, known as dendrite-like carbon nanowalls (D:CNW), were fabricated in one-step deposition and extensively characterized to understand the structure and surface chemistry. Electrodes were used to detect a range of nitroaromatic compounds, most notably tetryl in both laboratory and real environmental samples, with an excellent sensitivity of 153.0 µA cm−2 ppm−1 and a detection limit of 17 ppb. The analytical and electrochemical capabilities of D:CNW electrodes indicate their suitability for extensive environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Barley residues-based adsorbent/aquatic pollutant systems were reviewed. • Raw, activated carbon, chemically modified, biochar were mostly used adsorbents. • Cadmium, methylene blue, levofloxacin, phenol, and oil were mostly tested pollutants. • Langmuir/Freundlich and PSO equations well analyzed most of the adsorption data. • HCl were widely and efficiently applied as eluent. Grain crops represent one of the most significant plants that have nutritional and industrial values. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the oldest cultivated cereal crops in the world, following wheat, rice, and maize. It is primarily utilized for malt production, animal feeding, and human consumption. Large amounts of wastes, including straw, husk, bran, etc., are released after the harvesting and processing of barley crops. Such wastes have been efficiently applied as precursors for adsorbents because of their abundance, renewable nature, lignocellulosic structure, and active group's content. This review article addresses the use of different barley wastes as feedstocks for raw, chemically modified, carbonaceous, composite, and other adsorbents against different aquatic environmental contaminants. The performance of these adsorbents against pollutants under the influence of common adsorption variables was considered. The highest uptakes of most studied contaminants were 74.2, 344.83, 143.9, and 87.35 mg/g for cadmium, lead, copper, and chromium, 531.4 and 121.95 mg/g for methylene blue and malachite green, and 448.0, 398.0, 111.1, and 613.3 mg/g for levofloxacin, norfloxacin, phenol, and oil, respectively. Most of the equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic data followed the Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second order kinetics, and endothermic nature, and the regeneration results indicated the best use of HCl eluent. Future directions and significant conclusions are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Water pollution not only affected water quality, but also affected the composition and quantity of human intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in the water. [ Method] In this study, the coal mining subsidence area in Digou, Fuyang, Anhui province was taken as the object, and the Dongpu reservoir, the source of drinking water in Hefei city, was used as the reference systerrL Based on qPCR( Quantitative Real-time PCR) technology, the difference in the relative abundance of the pathogenic genes of five human intestinal pathogens in the overlying water and sediments ( eae gene of Escherichia coli 0157: H7, ttr gene of Salmonella, ipaH gene of Shigella,div/VA gene of Emerocoecus faecalis, and ail gene of Yersinia) were analyzed. [Result] The relative abundance of the five pathogenic genes in the water body of the coal mining subsidence area had significant spatial differences, and the spatial distribution trends in the overlying water and sediments were inconsistent In the overlying water, the degree of contamination by eae gene in the three study areas was in the order of domestic sewage area > coal gangue pollution area> farming wastewater area,and the degree of pollution by ttr, ipaH,ail and div/VA genes was in order of farming wastewater area > domestic sewage area > coal gangue pollution area. In the sediment, the degree of eae gene pollution in the three study areas was in the order of domestic sewage area > farming wastewater area > coal gangue pollution area, the order of the degree of pollution by ipaH gene was farming waste water area > domestic sewage area > coal gangue pollution area, the most polluted by ttr, div/VA and ail genes was the farming wastewater area, the domestic sewage area and the coal gangue polluted area were less affected and there was no significant difference. The sediment in the study area was contaminated by pathogenic bacteria more serious than the overlying water. The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the overlying water and sediments and the content of Zn in the sediments are positively correlated with the relative abundance of pathogenic genes of human intestinal pathogens. Compared with Dongpu reservoir, the relative abundance of pathogenic genes in the waters of Digou coal mining subsidence area is significantly higher than the former. [ Conclusion] Based on the comparisons of the relative abundance and physical and chemical properties of pathogenic genes in the study area and the control area, from the perspective of public health and safety, the waters of the Digou coal mining subsidence area are not suitable for drinking water sources. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of water resources in water-deficient areas in northern Anhui. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research contains data on the adsorption test and characterization of banana peel activated carbon as an adsorbent for water contaminated with various heavy metals. Banana peel is a common post-harvest waste, making it easy to obtain. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is used to investigate the various heavy metal content in polluted water that are harmful to health, such as Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb in concentrations of 1.351; 1.210; 17.403; and 0.210 mg/L, respectively. These metals exceed the standard limits for clean water quality that are suitable for sanitation hygiene purposes. Banana peel activated carbon samples were tested in polluted water and re-examined using AAS. The parameters used to calculate the percent adsorption of the four heavy metals were variations in adsorbent mass (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 g), stirring speed (50; 100; 150; 200; 250 rpm), pH (4; 5; 6; 7; 8; and contact time (30; 60; 90; 120; 150 min). Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersion (SEM/EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize and determine the morphology, material content, and crystal structure formed by the samples. Brunaurer, Emmet, and Teller/Barret, Joyner, and Halenda (BET/BJH) were used to investigate the surface area, pore size, and isotherm type. This dataset is publicly available for researchers to optimize the potential of banana peel activated carbon as an adsorbent of heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the industrial sector.

The hydrogen potential is one of the parameters of the water which is variable in rivers throughout their journey over the cities, so the objective of the work was to monitor (from the cloud) the pH of the Upamayu river waters (Huancavelica region), located in the Central Andes of Peru. An electronic system was implemented, comprising: DS18B20 temperature sensor, 4502C pH sensor, ESP32 controller, NEO 6M GPS global positioning system, LabVIEW NXG platform, in addition to the web server developed in ThingSpeak. The measurements were established under the protocol for water resources of Peru. As a result, a pH monitoring system of the waters of the river under study was verified. Through the sensors, it takes the data and sends them to the web server located in the cloud via the implemented algorithm. The data read from any remote place through an application implemented in LabVIEW NXG, representing the monitoring station on a GIS map. It was concluded that the values of the hydrogen potential are different in relation to its territorial distribution and in the dry season. Varying pH after the discharge of polluting sources of the population and the places of cattle raising was found; likewise, regeneration of the waters at a certain distance was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of water scarcity and high population growth of Egypt, there is an urgent need to exploit and reuse every drop of water. Remediation of the available marginal water resources such as drainage water for irrigation purposes became mandatory. A laboratory experiment was conducted at Soil Science Department Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University during 2021 to find effective and low-cost ways of wastewater remediation to be easily available. For that, the water samples were synthetically contaminated with two heavy metals, namely nickel and lead which were added in concentrations of 10 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively. Four natural materials i.e, moringa seeds cake (M), rice straw biochar (B), sugarcane bagasse biochar (S) and zeolite (Z) were used in this investigation to study their potentiality on removing lead and nickel from polluted water. All materials were used at two rates of 10 and 20g/l. Four different particle diameters were used for each of rice straw biochar, bagasse biochar and zeolite as follows: < 0.125 mm, 0.125 – 0.212 mm, 0.212 – 0.250 mm and > 0.250 mm. All materials used gave considerable efficiencies in removing lead and nickel ions from polluted water showing an inverse proportional efficiency with particle diameters. The rate of 20g/l surpassed the rate of 10 g/l for all treatments under the same diameter. The most efficient treatment for removing lead was sugarcane bagasse biochar at rate of 20 g/l and particles diameter less than 0.125 mm with a removal efficiency of 90.39 % whereas the most efficient treatment for removing nickel was rice straw biochar at rate of 20g/l and diameter of particles less than 0.125mm with removal efficiency of 81.6%. The removal efficiency of lead for the investigated natural materials could follow the order: sugarcane biochar> rice straw biochar> moringa seeds cake> zeolites while the order was rice straw biochar> sugarcane bagasse biochar> moringa seeds cake> zeolites for nickel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]