Overview of biomass valorization: Case study of nanocarbons, biofuels and their derivatives

With the increasing awareness of the serious pollution from the usage of fossil fuels and the fast advances of technologies, the usage of biomass has been increased significantly. In this review paper, the biomass serving as carbon precursors and the energy has been reviewed including lotus lives, wheat flour, fish scale, fish skin, wax gourd, etc. The formed carbon nanostructures are reviewed together with their applications including the treatment volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metal ions from polluted water, spilled oil, fillers for advanced composites, etc. This paper gives the usage of biomass in a sustainable and green way.