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1. Die Zulässigkeit automatisierten Spielerscoutings im Leistungssport nach Maßgabe des Art. 22 DS-GVO

Author: Pollithy, Alexander
Published: 2023
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2. Direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-electronvolt sensitivity

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Boettcher, M, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Diaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fraenkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glueck, F, Groessle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Gupta, V, Hoehn, T, Hannen, V, Haussmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, F, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Koehler, C, Koellenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Mueller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Roellig, M, Roettele, C, Rodenbeck, C, Rysavy, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaefer, P, Pollithy, A Schaller Nee, Schimpf, L, Schloesser, K, and Schloesser, M
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, we know that neutrinos have non-zero mass. However, the absolute neutrino-mass scale remains unknown. Here we report the upper limits on effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, from the second physics run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment. In this experiment, mν is probed via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint. This method is independent of any cosmological model and does not rely on assumptions whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle. By increasing the source activity and reducing the background with respect to the first physics campaign, we reached a sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV c–2 at a 90% confidence level (CL). The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2 = (0.26 ± 0.34) eV2 c–4, resulting in an upper limit of mν < 0.9 eV c–2 at 90% CL. By combining this result with the first neutrino-mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν < 0.8 eV c–2 at 90% CL.
Published: 2022

3. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Miniawy, A El, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Groh, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Le, TL, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Meier, M, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schäfer, P, Schaller (née Pollithy), A, Schimpf, L, and Schlösser, K
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on mν of 0.2 eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of σ(mν2)
Published: 2021

4. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged
Published: 2019
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5. Die Zulässigkeit automatisierten Spielerscoutings im Leistungssport nach Maßgabe des Art. 22 DS-GVO.

Author: Alexander Pollithy
Published: 2023
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6. An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Barrett, J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eisenblätter, L., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Flatt, B., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gauda, K., Gemmeke, H., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Minh, M. Ha, Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kaboth, A., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalí, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Lichter, S., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Müller, K., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Naumann, U., Ndeke, W., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Phillips II, D. G., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Pouryamout, J., Prall, M., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Roll, Ch., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Venos, D., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Vianden, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wall, B. L., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadorozhny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$ eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.
Published: 2019
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7. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Barrett, J., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Minh, M. Ha, Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lebert, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Megas, F., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Meier, M., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of beta-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV 90% CL. In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2019
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8. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Comment: Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author
Published: 2019
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9. High-magnetic field phase diagram and failure of magnetic Gr\'uneisen scaling in LiFePO$_4$

Author: Werner, J., Sauerland, S., Koo, C., Neef, C., Pollithy, A., Skourski, Y., and Klingeler, R.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We report the magnetic phase diagram of single-crystalline LiFePO$_4$ in magnetic fields up to 58~T and present a detailed study of magneto-elastic coupling by means of high-resolution capacitance dilatometry. Large anomalies at \tn\ in the thermal expansion coefficient $\alpha$ imply pronounced magneto-elastic coupling. Quantitative analysis yields the magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter $\gamma_{\rm mag}=6.7(5)\cdot 10^{-7}$~mol/J. The positive hydrostatic pressure dependence $dT_{\rm N}/dp = 1.46(11)$~K/GPa is dominated by uniaxial effects along the $a$-axis. Failure of Gr\"uneisen scaling below $\approx 40$~K, i.e., below the peak temperature in the magneto-electric coupling coefficient [\onlinecite{toft2015anomalous}], implies several competing degrees of freedom and indicates relevance of recently observed hybrid excitations~[\onlinecite{yiu2017hybrid}]. A broad and strongly magnetic-field-dependent anomaly in $\alpha$ in this temperature regime highlight the relevance of structure changes. Upon application of magnetic fields $B||b$-axis, a pronounced jump in the magnetisation implies spin-reorientation at $B_{\rm SF} = 32$~T as well as a precursing phase at 29~T and $T=1.5$~K. In a two-sublattice mean-field model, the saturation field $B_{\rm sat,b} = 64(2)$~T enables the determination of the effective antiferromagnetic exchange interaction $J_{\rm af} = 2.68(5)$~meV as well as the anisotropies $D_{\rm b} = -0.53(4)$~meV and $D_{\rm c} = 0.44(8)$~meV.
Published: 2019
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10. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, A., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $m_{\overline{\nu}_e}$ with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^2$ using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of 0.006 count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019
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11. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Díaz Barrero, D, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, F, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Heizmann, J, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kuffner, B, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Leven, F, Le, TL, Lichter, S, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Müller, K, Naumann, U, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Noe, M, Ortjohann, HW, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, and Pollithy, A
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium β-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.
Published: 2020

12. Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Author: Aker, Max, Altenmüller, Konrad, Beglarian, Armen, Behrens, Jan, Berlev, Anatoly, Besserer, Uwe, Bieringer, Benedikt, Blaum, Klaus, Block, Fabian, Bornschein, Beate, Bornschein, Lutz, Böttcher, Matthias, Brunst, Tim, Caldwell, Thomas C, Chilingaryan, Suren, Choi, Wonqook, Díaz Barrero, Deseada D, Debowski, Karol, Deffert, Marco, Descher, Martin, Doe, Peter J, Dragoun, Otokar, Drexlin, Guido, Dyba, Stephan, Edzards, Frank, Eitel, Klaus, Ellinger, Enrico, Engel, Ralph, Enomoto, Sanshiro, Fedkevych, Mariia, Felden, Arne, Formaggio, Joseph F, Fränkle, Florian, Franklin, Gregg B, Friedel, Fabian, Fulst, Alexander, Gauda, Kevin, Gil, Woosik, Glück, Ferenc, Größle, Robin, Gumbsheimer, Rainer, Hannen, Volker, Haußmann, Norman, Helbing, Klaus, Hickford, Stephanie, Hiller, Roman, Hillesheimer, David, Hinz, Dominic, Höhn, Thomas, Houdy, Thibaut, Huber, Anton, Jansen, Alexander, Karl, Christian, Kellerer, Jonas, Kippenbrock, Luke, Klein, Manuel, Köhler, Christoph, Köllenberger, Leonard, Kopmann, Andreas, Korzeczek, Marc, Kovalík, Alojz, Krasch, Bennet, Krause, Holger, La Cascio, Luisa, Lasserre, Thierry, Le, Thanh-Long, Lebeda, Ondřej, Lehnert, Bjoern, Lokhov, Alexey, Machatschek, Moritz, Malcherek, Emma, Marsteller, Alexander, Martin, Eric L, Meier, Matthias, Melzer, Christin, Mertens, Susanne, Müller, Klaus, Niemes, Simon, Oelpmann, Patrick, Osipowicz, Alexander, Parno, Diana S, Poon, Alan WP, Lopez Poyato, Jose M, Priester, Florian, Rest, Oliver, Röllig, Marco, Röttele, Carsten, Robertson, RG Hamish, Rodenbeck, Caroline, Ryšavỳ, Milos, Sack, Rudolf, Saenz, Alejandro, Schäfer, Peter, Schaller Née Pollithy, Anna, Schimpf, Lutz, Schlösser, Klaus, Schlösser, Magnus, Schlüter, Lisa, Schrank, Michael, and Schulz, Bruno
Subjects: KATRIN, Raman spectroscopy, gas composition monitoring, tritium, Analytical Chemistry, Distributed Computing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Environmental Science and Management, Ecology
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment's windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium-one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations cx for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10-3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, εT, is derived with precision of
Published: 2020

13. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous 83mKr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Plischke, P, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, C-O Ranitzsch, P, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous 83mKr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The obtained results represent one of the major commissioning milestones for the subsequent direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the KATRIN beamline. Precise measurement of the narrow K-32, L3-32, and N2,3-32 conversion electron lines allowed to verify the eV-scale energy resolution of the KATRIN main spectrometer necessary for competitive measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale.
Published: 2020

14. The KATRIN Superconducting Magnets: Overview and First Performance Results

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, n W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, uE., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims for the determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass from the tritium beta-decay with an unprecedented sub-eV sensitivity. The strong magnetic fields, designed for up to 6~T, adiabatically guide $\beta$-electrons from the source to the detector within a magnetic flux of 191~Tcm$^2$. A chain of ten single solenoid magnets and two larger superconducting magnet systems have been designed, constructed, and installed in the 70-m-long KATRIN beam line. The beam diameter for the magnetic flux varies from 0.064~m to 9~m, depending on the magnetic flux density along the beam line. Two transport and tritium pumping sections are assembled with chicane beam tubes to avoid direct "line-of-sight" molecular beaming effect of gaseous tritium molecules into the next beam sections. The sophisticated beam alignment has been successfully cross-checked by electron sources. In addition, magnet safety systems were developed to protect the complex magnet systems against coil quenches or other system failures. The main functionality of the magnet safety systems has been successfully tested with the two large magnet systems. The complete chain of the magnets was operated for several weeks at 70$\%$ of the design fields for the first test measurements with radioactive krypton gas. The stability of the magnetic fields of the source magnets has been shown to be better than 0.01$\%$ per month at 70$\%$ of the design fields. This paper gives an overview of the KATRIN superconducting magnets and reports on the first performance results of the magnets.
Published: 2018
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15. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Linek, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rink, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rovedo, P., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to make a model-independent determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^{2}$. It investigates the kinematics of $\beta$-particles from tritium $\beta$-decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum. Because the KATRIN main spectrometer (MS) is located above ground, muon-induced backgrounds are of particular concern. Coincidence measurements with the MS and a scintillator-based muon detector system confirmed the model of secondary electron production by cosmic-ray muons inside the MS. Correlation measurements with the same setup showed that about $12\%$ of secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface are induced by cosmic-ray muons, with approximately one secondary electron produced for every 17 muon crossings. However, the magnetic and electrostatic shielding of the MS is able to efficiently suppress these electrons, and we find that muons are responsible for less than $17\%$ ($90\%$ confidence level) of the overall MS background.
Published: 2018
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16. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: KATRIN Collaboration, Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berendes, R., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buglak, W., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\,{\text{eV}/c^2}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium \textbeta-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $\textsuperscript{219}$Rn and $\textsuperscript{220}$Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2018
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17. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at -18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN's commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $M=1972.449(10)$ of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration four years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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18. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium beta decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of Autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous Kr-83m was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed Kr-83m source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus., Comment: Minor updates; as published in JINST
Published: 2018
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19. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, A, Kraus, M, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H, and Sibille, V
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass mν¯e with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of 0.006count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019

20. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Leiber, B, Letnev, J, Linek, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Rink, R, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rovedo, P, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, and Schimpf, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cosmic-ray muon backgrounds, Electrostatic spectrometer, Neutrino mass, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to make a model-independent determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c 2 . It investigates the kinematics of β-particles from tritium β-decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum. Because the KATRIN main spectrometer (MS) is located above ground, muon-induced backgrounds are of particular concern. Coincidence measurements with the MS and a scintillator-based muon detector system confirmed the model of secondary electron production by cosmic-ray muons inside the MS. Correlation measurements with the same setup showed that about 12% of secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface are induced by cosmic-ray muons, with approximately one secondary electron produced for every 17 muon crossings. However, the magnetic and electrostatic shielding of the MS is able to efficiently suppress these electrons, and we find that muons are responsible for less than 17% (90% confidence level) of the overall MS background.
Published: 2019

21. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Bauer, S, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berendes, R, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buglak, W, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Furse, D, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, and Schönung, K
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as 219Rn and 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.
Published: 2018

22. The KATRIN superconducting magnets: Overview and first performance results

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Frankle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Urena, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H, Sentkerestiová, J, and Sibille, V
Subjects: Acceleration cavities and magnets superconducting, Control systems, Cryogenics, Spectrometers, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims for the determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass from the tritium beta-decay with an unprecedented sub-eV sensitivity. The strong magnetic fields, designed for up to 6 T, adiabatically guide β-electrons from the source to the detector within a magnetic flux of 191 Tcm2. A chain of ten single solenoid magnets and two larger superconducting magnet systems have been designed, constructed, and installed in the 70-m-long KATRIN beam line. The beam diameter for the magnetic flux varies from 0.064 m to 9 m, depending on the magnetic flux density along the beam line. Two transport and tritium pumping sections are assembled with chicane beam tubes to avoid direct "line-of-sight" molecular beaming effect of gaseous tritium molecules into the next beam sections. The sophisticated beam alignment has been successfully cross-checked by electron sources. In addition, magnet safety systems were developed to protect the complex magnet systems against coil quenches or other system failures. The main functionality of the magnet safety systems has been successfully tested with the two large magnet systems. The complete chain of the magnets was operated for several weeks at 70% of the design fields for the first test measurements with radioactive krypton gas. The stability of the magnetic fields of the source magnets has been shown to be better than 0.01% per month at 70% of the design fields. This paper gives an overview of the KATRIN superconducting magnets and reports on the first performance results of the magnets.
Published: 2018

23. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of 83mKr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two 83 mKr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M= 1972.449 (10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018

24. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of 83 m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two 83 mKr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M= 1972.449 (10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018

25. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Frankle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Urena, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Naumann, U, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Ortjohann, HW, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, and Schönung, K
Subjects: Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)), Detector control systems, Beam-line instrumentation, Spectrometers, Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance, electron beam (EBIS)), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium β-decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous 83mKr was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed 83mKr source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus.
Published: 2018

26. Estimating Uncertainties of Recurrent Neural Networks in Application to Multitarget Tracking.

Author: Daniel Pollithy, Marcel Reith-Braun, Florian Pfaff, and Uwe D. Hanebeck
Published: 2020
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27. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: M. Aker, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, A. El Miniawy, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Groh, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, T. L. Le, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, M. Meier, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, A. Schaller (née Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, C. Schwachtgen, M. Šefčík, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $$m_\nu $$ m ν of 0.2 $$\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2$$ eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% $$\hbox {T}_2$$ T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a $$\hbox {D}_2$$ D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $$\sigma (m_\nu ^2)< {{10}^{-2}}{\hbox {eV}^{2}}$$ σ ( m ν 2 ) < 10 - 2 eV 2 [1] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.
Published: 2021
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28. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: M. Aker, K. Altenmüller, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, H. Frankrone, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, J. Hartmann, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, J. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, B. Holzapfel, S. Holzmann, T. Houdy, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, B. Kuffner, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, F. Leven, T. L. Le, S. Lichter, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, K. Müller, U. Naumann, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, M. Noe, H.-W. Ortjohann, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. Rinderspacher, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, W. Seller, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, M. Steven, M. Sturm, M. Suesser, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c $$^2$$ 2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $$\beta $$ β -decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.
Published: 2020
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29. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Max Aker, Konrad Altenmüller, Marius Arenz, Woo-Jeong Baek, John Barrett, Armen Beglarian, Jan Behrens, Anatoly Berlev, Uwe Besserer, Klaus Blaum, Fabian Block, Steffen Bobien, Beate Bornschein, Lutz Bornschein, Heiko Bouquet, Tim Brunst, Thomas S. Caldwell, Suren Chilingaryan, Wonqook Choi, Karol Debowski, Marco Deffert, Martin Descher, Deseada Díaz Barrero, Peter J. Doe, Otokar Dragoun, Guido Drexlin, Stephan Dyba, Frank Edzards, Klaus Eitel, Enrico Ellinger, Ralph Engel, Sanshiro Enomoto, Dieter Eversheim, Mariia Fedkevych, Arne Felden, Joseph A. Formaggio, Florian M. Fränkle, Gregg B. Franklin, Heinz Frankrone, Fabian Friedel, Dominik Fuchs, Alexander Fulst, Kevin Gauda, Woosik Gil, Ferenc Glück, Steffen Grohmann, Robin Grössle, Rainer Gumbsheimer, Moritz Hackenjos, Volker Hannen, Julius Hartmann, Norman Haußmann, Martin Ha-Minh, Florian Heizmann, Johannes Heizmann, Klaus Helbing, Stephanie Hickford, David Hillesheimer, Dominic Hinz, Thomas Höhn, Bernhard Holzapfel, Siegfried Holzmann, Thibaut Houdy, Mark A. Howe, Anton Huber, Alexander Jansen, Christian Karl, Jonas Kellerer, Norbert Kernert, Luke Kippenbrock, Manuel Klein, Christoph Köhler, Leonard Köllenberger, Andreas Kopmann, Marc Korzeczek, Alojz Kovalík, Bennet Krasch, Holger Krause, Benedikt Kuffner, Norbert Kunka, Thierry Lasserre, Luisa La Cascio, Ondřej Lebeda, Manuel Lebert, Björn Lehnert, Johann Letnev, Fabian Leven, Thanh-Long Le, Steffen Lichter, Alexey Lokhov, Moritz Machatschek, Emma Malcherek, Martin Mark, Alexander Marsteller, Eric L. Martin, Fotios Megas, Christin Melzer, Alexander Menshikov, Susanne Mertens, Matthias Meier, Sebastian Mirz, Benjamin Monreal, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Klaus Müller, Uwe Naumann, Holger Neumann, Simon Niemes, Mathias Noe, Andreas Off, Hans-Werner Ortjohann, Alexander Osipowicz, Ernst Otten, Diana S. Parno, Anna Pollithy, Alan W. P. Poon, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, Florian Priester, Philipp C.-O. Ranitzsch, Oliver Rest, Rolf Rinderspacher, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Caroline Rodenbeck, Petra Rohr, Marco Röllig, Carsten Röttele, Miloš Ryšavý, Rudolf Sack, Alejandro Saenz, Peter Schäfer, Lutz Schimpf, Klaus Schlösser, Magnus Schlösser, Lisa Schlüter, Michael Schrank, Bruno Schulz, Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk, Waldemar Seller, Valérian Sibille, Daniel Siegmann, Martin Slezák, Felix Spanier, Markus Steidl, Madlen Steven, Michael Sturm, Manfred Suesser, Menglei Sun, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Helmut H. Telle, Larisa A. Thorne, Thomas Thümmler, Nikita Titov, Igor Tkachev, Nikolaus Trost, Korbinian Urban, Kathrin Valerius, Drahoslav Vénos, Reiner Vianden, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, Marc Weber, Christian Weinheimer, Christiane Weiss, Stefan Welte, Jürgen Wendel, John F. Wilkerson, Joachim Wolf, Sascha Wüstling, Weiran Xu, Yung-Ruey Yen, Sergey Zadorozhny, and Genrich Zeller
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$ β -decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$ 0.2eV ($$90\%$$ 90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2020
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30. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W.-J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W.Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P.J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J.A., Fränkle, F.M., Franklin, G.B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Gonzalez Ureña, A., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M.A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Linek, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E.L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D.S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A.W.P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P.C.-O., Rest, O., Rink, R., Robertson, R.G.H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rovedo, P., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H.H., Thorne, L.A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Vizcaya Hernández, A.P., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J.F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Published: 2019
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31. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: K. Altenmüller, M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, A. Kraus, M. Kraus, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $$m_{\overline{\nu }_e}$$ mν¯e with a sensitivity of $${0.2}\,{\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2}$$ 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of $${0.006}\,{\hbox {count}/\hbox {s}}$$ 0.006count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019
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32. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, S. Bauer, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, R. Berendes, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, W. Buglak, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, D. Furse, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, N. Wandkowsky, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $${0.2}{\hbox { eV/c}^{2}}$$ 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $${}^{\text {219}}\text {Rn}$$ 219Rn and $${}^{\text {220}}\text {Rn}$$ 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.
Published: 2018
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33. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, S. Fischer, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, M. Suesser, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $$M=1972.449(10)$$ M=1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018
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34. Direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-electronvolt sensitivity

Author: Collaboration, The KATRIN, Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., B��ttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., D��az Barrero, D., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fr��nkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Gl��ck, F., Gr��ssle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., H��hn, T., Hannen, V., Hau��mann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., K��hler, C., K��llenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Koval��k, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., M��ller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., R��llig, M., R��ttele, C., Rodenbeck, C., Ry��av��, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sch��fer, P., Schaller N��e Pollithy, A., Schimpf, L., Schl��sser, K., Schl��sser, M., Schl��ter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., ��ef��k, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slez��k, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Th��mmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., V��nos, D., Vizcaya Hern��ndez, A. P., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., W��stling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y.-R., Zadoroghny, S., Zeller, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and KATRIN
Subjects: mass: scale, tritium: semileptonic decay, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], electron: energy spectrum, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:620, mass: upper limit, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], sensitivity, KATRIN, antineutrino/e: mass, Engineering & allied operations, experimental results
Abstract: Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, we know that neutrinos have non-zero mass. However, the absolute neutrino-mass scale remains unknown. Here we report the upper limits on effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, from the second physics run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment. In this experiment, mν is probed via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint. This method is independent of any cosmological model and does not rely on assumptions whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle. By increasing the source activity and reducing the background with respect to the first physics campaign, we reached a sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV c–2 at a 90% confidence level (CL). The best fit to the spectral data yields $${{\mbox{}}}{m}_{\nu }^{2}{{\mbox{}}}$$ m ν 2 = (0.26 ± 0.34) eV2 c–4, resulting in an upper limit of mν c–2 at 90% CL. By combining this result with the first neutrino-mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν c–2 at 90% CL.
Published: 2022

35. Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Author: Max Aker, Konrad Altenmüller, Armen Beglarian, Jan Behrens, Anatoly Berlev, Uwe Besserer, Benedikt Bieringer, Klaus Blaum, Fabian Block, Beate Bornschein, Lutz Bornschein, Matthias Böttcher, Tim Brunst, Thomas C. Caldwell, Suren Chilingaryan, Wonqook Choi, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Karol Debowski, Marco Deffert, Martin Descher, Peter J. Doe, Otokar Dragoun, Guido Drexlin, Stephan Dyba, Frank Edzards, Klaus Eitel, Enrico Ellinger, Ralph Engel, Sanshiro Enomoto, Mariia Fedkevych, Arne Felden, Joseph F. Formaggio, Florian Fränkle, Gregg B. Franklin, Fabian Friedel, Alexander Fulst, Kevin Gauda, Woosik Gil, Ferenc Glück, Robin Größle, Rainer Gumbsheimer, Volker Hannen, Norman Haußmann, Klaus Helbing, Stephanie Hickford, Roman Hiller, David Hillesheimer, Dominic Hinz, Thomas Höhn, Thibaut Houdy, Anton Huber, Alexander Jansen, Christian Karl, Jonas Kellerer, Luke Kippenbrock, Manuel Klein, Christoph Köhler, Leonard Köllenberger, Andreas Kopmann, Marc Korzeczek, Alojz Kovalík, Bennet Krasch, Holger Krause, Luisa La Cascio, Thierry Lasserre, Thanh-Long Le, Ondrej Lebeda, Bjoern Lehnert, Alexey Lokhov, Moritz Machatschek, Emma Malcherek, Alexander Marsteller, Eric L. Martin, Matthias Meier, Christin Melzer, Susanne Mertens, Klaus Müller, Simon Niemes, Patrick Oelpmann, Alexander Osipowicz, Diana S. Parno, Alan W. P. Poon, Jose M. Lopez Poyato, Florian Priester, Oliver Rest, Marco Röllig, Carsten Röttele, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Caroline Rodenbeck, Milos Rysavy, Rudolf Sack, Alejandro Saenz, Peter Schäfer, Anna Schaller (née Pollithy), Lutz Schimpf, Klaus Schlösser, Magnus Schlösser, Lisa Schlüter, Michael Schrank, Bruno Schulz, Michal Sefcík, Hendrik Seitz-Moskaliuk, Valérian Sibille, Daniel Siegmann, Martin Slezák, Felix Spanier, Markus Steidl, Michael Sturm, Menglei Sun, Helmut H. Telle, Larisa A. Thorne, Thomas Thümmler, Nikita Titov, Igor Tkachev, Drahos Vénos, Kathrin Valerius, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, Marc Weber, Christian Weinheimer, Christiane Weiss, Stefan Welte, Jürgen Wendel, John F. Wilkerson, Joachim Wolf, Sascha Wüstling, Weiran Xu, Yung-Ruey Yen, Sergey Zadoroghny, and Genrich Zeller
Published: 2020
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36. Unterliegt die Aderhautdicke zirkadianen Schwankungen?

Author: Pollithy, S., Höh, A., Dobner, B., Auffarth, G.U., and Dithmar, S.
Published: 2015
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37. Factors affecting laser power in retinal Navilas laser treatment

Author: Hoeh, Alexandra E., Pollithy, Stefanie, and Dithmar, Stefan
Published: 2015
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38. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: M. Aker, M. Bottcher, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, L. La Cascio, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. D´ıaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragouns, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Frankle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Gluck, R. Grossle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Gupta, T. Hohn, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillsheimer, D. Hinz, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, F. Kellerer, J. Kellerer, M. Klein, C. Kohler, L. Kollenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalik, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, Susanne Mertens, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Muller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, M. Rollig, C. Rottele, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Rysavy, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schafer, A. Schaller (nee Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Scholosser, Magnus Schlösser, L. Schluter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, A. Schwemmer, M. Sefcık, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezak, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thummler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Venos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernandez, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wustling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Electron, Sensitivity (control systems), Mass campaign, Neutrino, Spectral data, Mass measurement, KATRIN
Abstract: We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at 18.6 keV. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by 25% with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV/c2 at 90% confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2=(0.26±0.34) eV2/c4, resulting in an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL).
Published: 2021

39. The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., additional, Altenmüller, K., additional, Amsbaugh, J.F., additional, Arenz, M., additional, Babutzka, M., additional, Bast, J., additional, Bauer, S., additional, Bechtler, H., additional, Beck, M., additional, Beglarian, A., additional, Behrens, J., additional, Bender, B., additional, Berendes, R., additional, Berlev, A., additional, Besserer, U., additional, Bettin, C., additional, Bieringer, B., additional, Blaum, K., additional, Block, F., additional, Bobien, S., additional, Böttcher, M., additional, Bohn, J., additional, Bokeloh, K., additional, Bolz, H., additional, Bornschein, B., additional, Bornschein, L., additional, Bouquet, H., additional, Boyd, N.M., additional, Brunst, T., additional, Burritt, T.H., additional, Caldwell, T.S., additional, Chaoui, Z., additional, Chilingaryan, S., additional, Choi, W., additional, Corona, T.J., additional, Cox, G.A., additional, Debowski, K., additional, Deffert, M., additional, Descher, M., additional, Díaz Barrero, D., additional, Doe, P.J., additional, Dragoun, O., additional, Drexlin, G., additional, Dunmore, J.A., additional, Dyba, S., additional, Edzards, F., additional, Eichelhardt, F., additional, Eitel, K., additional, Ellinger, E., additional, Engel, R., additional, Enomoto, S., additional, Erhard, M., additional, Eversheim, D., additional, Fedkevych, M., additional, Felden, A., additional, Fischer, S., additional, Formaggio, J.A., additional, Fränkle, F.M., additional, Franklin, G.B., additional, Frenzel, H., additional, Friedel, F., additional, Fulst, A., additional, Gauda, K., additional, Gehring, R., additional, Gil, W., additional, Glück, F., additional, Görhardt, S., additional, Grimm, J., additional, Grössle, R., additional, Groh, S., additional, Grohmann, S., additional, Gumbsheimer, R., additional, Hackenjos, M., additional, Häßler, D., additional, Hannen, V., additional, Harms, F., additional, Harper, G.C., additional, Hartmann, J., additional, Haußmann, N., additional, Heizmann, F., additional, Helbing, K., additional, Held, M., additional, Hickford, S., additional, Hilk, D., additional, Hillen, B., additional, Hiller, R., additional, Hillesheimer, D., additional, Hinz, D., additional, Höhn, T., additional, Hötzel, M., additional, Holzmann, S., additional, Horn, S., additional, Houdy, T., additional, Howe, M.A., additional, Huber, A., additional, James, T., additional, Jansen, A., additional, Kaiser, M., additional, Karl, C., additional, Kazachenko, O., additional, Kellerer, J., additional, Kippenbrock, L., additional, Kleesiek, M., additional, Kleifges, M., additional, Kleinfeller, J., additional, Klein, M., additional, Köhler, C., additional, Köllenberger, L., additional, Kopmann, A., additional, Korzeczek, M., additional, Kosmider, A., additional, Kovalík, A., additional, Krasch, B., additional, Krause, H., additional, Kraus, M., additional, Kuckert, L., additional, Kumb, A., additional, Kunka, N., additional, Lasserre, T., additional, La Cascio, L., additional, Lebeda, O., additional, Leber, M.L., additional, Lehnert, B., additional, Leiber, B., additional, Letnev, J., additional, Lewis, R.J., additional, Le, T.L., additional, Lichter, S., additional, Lokhov, A., additional, Lopez Poyato, J.M., additional, Machatschek, M., additional, Malcherek, E., additional, Mark, M., additional, Marsteller, A., additional, Martin, E.L., additional, Mehret, K., additional, Meloni, M., additional, Melzer, C., additional, Menshikov, A., additional, Mertens, S., additional, Minter (née Bodine), L.I., additional, Monreal, B., additional, Mostafa, J., additional, Müller, K., additional, Myers, A.W., additional, Naumann, U., additional, Neumann, H., additional, Niemes, S., additional, Oelpmann, P., additional, Off, A., additional, Ortjohann, H.-W., additional, Osipowicz, A., additional, Ostrick, B., additional, Parno, D.S., additional, Peterson, D.A., additional, Plischke, P., additional, Poon, A.W.P., additional, Prall, M., additional, Priester, F., additional, Ranitzsch, P.C.-O., additional, Reich, J., additional, Renschler, P., additional, Rest, O., additional, Rinderspacher, R., additional, Robertson, R.G.H., additional, Rodejohann, W., additional, Rodenbeck, C., additional, Röllig, M., additional, Röttele, C., additional, Rohr, P., additional, Rupp, S., additional, Ryšavý, M., additional, Sack, R., additional, Saenz, A., additional, Sagawe, M., additional, Schäfer, P., additional, Schaller (née Pollithy), A., additional, Schimpf, L., additional, Schlösser, K., additional, Schlösser, M., additional, Schlüter, L., additional, Schneidewind, S., additional, Schön, H., additional, Schönung, K., additional, Schrank, M., additional, Schulz, B., additional, Schwarz, J., additional, Šefčík, M., additional, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., additional, Seller, W., additional, Sibille, V., additional, Siegmann, D., additional, Slezák, M., additional, Spanier, F., additional, Steidl, M., additional, Sturm, M., additional, Sun, M., additional, Tcherniakhovski, D., additional, Telle, H.H., additional, Thorne, L.A., additional, Thümmler, T., additional, Titov, N., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Trost, N., additional, Urban, K., additional, Valerius, K., additional, VanDevender, B.A., additional, Van Wechel, T.D., additional, Vénos, D., additional, Verbeek, A., additional, Vianden, R., additional, Vizcaya Hernández, A.P., additional, Vogt, K., additional, Wall, B.L., additional, Wandkowsky, N., additional, Weber, M., additional, Weingardt, H., additional, Weinheimer, C., additional, Weiss, C., additional, Welte, S., additional, Wendel, J., additional, Wierman, K.J., additional, Wilkerson, J.F., additional, Wolf, J., additional, Wüstling, S., additional, Xu, W., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zacher, M., additional, Zadoroghny, S., additional, Zboril, M., additional, and Zeller, G., additional
Published: 2021
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40. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: KATRIN Collaboration, Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Díaz Barrero, D., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Lopez Poyato, J. M., Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller (née Pollithy), A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Vizcaya Hernández, A. P., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y.-R., Zadoroghny, S., Zeller, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: electron: energy, cosmological model, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, magnetic field, Electron, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), energy: threshold, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino: mass, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Analysis method, Physics, Química, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), inelastic scattering, ddc, semiconductor detector: drift chamber, kinematics, cryogenics, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, Neutrino, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, data analysis method, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Block (permutation group theory), FOS: Physical sciences, Inelastic scattering, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tritium, tritium: particle source, Nuclear physics, tritium: semileptonic decay, electromagnetic field, gas, 0103 physical sciences, Electron Capture, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Mass measurement, spectral, spectrometer, Neutrino Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical, experimental results
Abstract: We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2021

41. Adjuvante stereotaktische niederenergetische Strahlentherapie bei exsudativer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (Oraya System)

Author: Pollithy, S., Celik, N., Höh, H., and Dithmar, S.
Published: 2013
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42. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: Aker, M., primary, Bottcher, M., additional, Beglarian, A., additional, Behrens, J., additional, Berlev, A., additional, Besserer, U., additional, Bieringer, B., additional, Block, F., additional, Bornschein, B., additional, Bornschein, L., additional, Brunst, T., additional, Caldwell, T. S., additional, Carney, R. M. D., additional, Cascio, L. La, additional, Chilingaryan, S., additional, Choi, W., additional, Debowski, K., additional, Deffert, M., additional, Descher, M., additional, Barrero, D. D´ıaz, additional, Doe, P. J., additional, Dragouns, O., additional, Drexlin, G., additional, Eitel, K., additional, Ellinger, E., additional, Engel, R., additional, Enomoto, S., additional, Felden, A., additional, Formaggio, J. A., additional, Frankle, F. M., additional, Franklin, G. B., additional, Friedel, F., additional, Fulst, A., additional, Gauda, K., additional, Gil, W., additional, Gluck, F., additional, Grossle, R., additional, Gumbsheimer, R., additional, Gupta, V., additional, Hohn, T., additional, Hannen, V., additional, Haußmann, N., additional, Helbing, K., additional, Hickford, S., additional, Hiller, R., additional, Hillsheimer, D., additional, Hinz, D., additional, Houdy, T., additional, Huber, A., additional, Jansen, A., additional, Karl, C., additional, Kellerer, F., additional, Kellerer, J., additional, Klein, M., additional, Kohler, C., additional, Kollenberger, L., additional, Kopmann, A., additional, Korzeczek, M., additional, Kovalik, A., additional, Krasch, B., additional, Krause, H., additional, Kunka, N., additional, Lasserre, T., additional, Le, T. L., additional, Lebeda, O., additional, Lehnert, B., additional, Lokhov, A., additional, Machatschek, M., additional, Malcherek, E., additional, Mark, M., additional, Marsteller, A., additional, Martin, E. L., additional, Melzer, C., additional, Menshikov, A., additional, Mertens, Susanne, additional, Mertens, S., additional, Mostafa, J., additional, Muller, K., additional, Niemes, S., additional, Oelpmann, P., additional, Parno, D. S., additional, Poon, A. W. P., additional, Poyato, J. M. L., additional, Priester, F., additional, Rollig, M., additional, Rottele, C., additional, Robertson, R. G. H., additional, Rodejohann, W., additional, Rodenbeck, C., additional, Rysavy, M., additional, Sack, R., additional, Saenz, A., additional, Schafer, P., additional, Pollithy), A. Schaller (nee, additional, Schimpf, L., additional, Scholosser, K., additional, Schlösser, Magnus, additional, Schluter, L., additional, Schneidewind, S., additional, Schrank, M., additional, Schulz, B., additional, Schwemmer, A., additional, Sefcık, M., additional, Sibille, V., additional, Siegmann, D., additional, Slezak, M., additional, Steidl, M., additional, Sturm, M., additional, Sun, M., additional, Tcherniakhovski, D., additional, Telle, H. H., additional, Thorne, L. A., additional, Thummler, T., additional, Titov, N., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Urban, K., additional, Valerius, K., additional, Venos, D., additional, Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, additional, Weinheimer, C., additional, Welte, S., additional, Wendel, J., additional, Wilkerson, J. F., additional, Wolf, J., additional, Wustling, S., additional, Xu, W., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zadoroghny, S., additional, and Zeller, G., additional
Published: 2021
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43. Akute bilaterale Visusminderung mit Zentralskotom bei einem 11-jährigen Jungen

Author: Pollithy, S., Ach, T., Schaal, K.B., and Dithmar, S.
Published: 2012
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44. Spielt die Aderhautdicke beim idiopathischen Makulaforamen eine Rolle?

Author: Schaal, K.B., Pollithy, S., and Dithmar, S.
Published: 2012
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45. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: D. Díaz Barrero, W. Seller, S. Zadoroghny, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, Holger Neumann, Ondřej Lebeda, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, B. Kuffner, N. Haußmann, S. Niemes, H. Bouquet, M. Aker, A. Menshikov, Bernhard Holzapfel, Klaus Blaum, Daniel Siegmann, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, M. Deffert, M. Klein, Thomas Thümmler, G. P. Zeller, A. Marsteller, Reiner Vianden, F. Friedel, F. Block, Magnus Schlösser, F. Leven, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, J. Heizmann, S. Dyba, M. Machatschek, Diana Parno, M. Steidl, J. Wendel, L. La Cascio, C. Melzer, N. Kernert, M. Korzeczek, A. Felden, H. Frankrone, K. Debowski, J. Hartmann, W. Q. Choi, U. Naumann, A. W. P. Poon, M. Descher, A. Osipowicz, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, Susanne Mertens, Steffen Grohmann, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, K. Gauda, A. Kovalík, N. Kunka, N. Titov, P. J. Doe, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, D. Vénos, M. Schrank, W. Gil, U. Besserer, Alexey Lokhov, B. Lehnert, B. Krasch, S. Bobien, Kathrin Valerius, T. S. Caldwell, Thierry Lasserre, K. Schlösser, A. Jansen, R. G. H. Robertson, L. Schimpf, K. Altenmüller, E. L. Martin, A. Pollithy, Guido Drexlin, Ferenc Glück, M. Hackenjos, D. Hillesheimer, B. Schulz, Ralph Engel, N. Trost, C. Weiss, K. Müller, M. Steven, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, T. Höhn, P. Schäfer, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, J. F. Wilkerson, S. Lichter, Volker Hannen, L. A. Thorne, R. Grössle, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, L. Köllenberger, Florian Priester, M. Ryšavý, L. Schlüter, Marc Weber, Ernst W. Otten, J. M. L. Poyato, M. Fedkevych, R. Rinderspacher, K. Helbing, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, Lutz Bornschein, Felix Spanier, Igor Tkachev, F. M. Fränkle, A. I. Berlev, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, W. Xu, Mathias Noe, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, J. Letnev, M. Suesser, E. Ellinger, S. Holzmann, D. Eversheim, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, H. H. Telle, A. Beglarian, K. Eitel, C. Karl, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Penning trap, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Superconducting magnet, Electron, Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electron Capture, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Química, magnet: superconductivity, spectrometer: electrostatic, Beamline, Beta (plasma physics), electron: background, lcsh:QC770-798, Neutrino, Neutrino Mass
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged
Published: 2020

46. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Kathrin Valerius, B. Lehnert, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Felix Spanier, J. F. Wilkerson, A. Off, Fotios Megas, C. Weiss, B. Schulz, Manuel Lebert, R. Grössle, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, K. Helbing, A. Huber, Martin Ha-Minh, Weiran Xu, Siegfried Holzmann, G. B. Franklin, Johann Letnev, L. Köllenberger, Marius Arenz, F. M. Fränkle, M. Steidl, E. L. Martin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, P. J. Doe, A. Kovalík, S. Dyba, K. Debowski, F. Edzards, N. Trost, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Reiner Vianden, M. Descher, M. Hackenjos, L. Schimpf, Miloš Ryšavý, Norbert Kunka, Thomas Thümmler, D. Fuchs, Heinz Frankrone, A. Jansen, M. Aker, P. Schäfer, W. Q. Choi, Heiko Bouquet, K. Eitel, Fabian Leven, C. Rodenbeck, F. Heizmann, L. Schlüter, Y.-R. Yen, K. Urban, B. Krasch, Thierry Lasserre, O. Rest, L. A. Thorne, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, Sebastian Mirz, M. Fedkevych, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, N. Titov, Rolf Rinderspacher, John E. Barrett, Guido Drexlin, M. Korzeczek, Anna Pollithy, Susanne Mertens, M. Klein, Holger Neumann, A. Osipowicz, Sanshiro Enomoto, R. Sack, Magnus Schlösser, C. Melzer, Alexey Lokhov, T. L. Le, Benedikt Kuffner, Bernhard Holzapfel, Petra Rohr, K. Gauda, A. Felden, N. Haußmann, U. Besserer, G. P. Zeller, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, Drahoslav Vénos, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Christian Weinheimer, Daniel Siegmann, Diana Parno, C. Karl, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, A. I. Berlev, Steffen Bobien, Luisa La Cascio, Ernst W. Otten, K. Schlösser, K. Altenmüller, Igor Tkachev, J. Wendel, Johannes Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Martin Mark, Uwe Naumann, Steffen Grohmann, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, S. V. Zadorozhny, Julius Hartmann, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, Volker Hannen, Manfred Suesser, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, T. Höhn, A. Beglarian, Ondřej Lebeda, Matthias Meier, Stefan Welte, Alejandro Saenz, Suren Chilingaryan, Beate Bornschein, Madlen Steven, Sascha Wüstling, H. H. Telle, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, Mathias Noe, M. Machatschek, Steffen Lichter, Thomas S. Caldwell, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, E. Ellinger, D. Eversheim, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Woo-Jeong Baek, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Waldemar Seller, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, A. Menshikov, W. Gil, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Block, A. W. P. Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, antineutrino/e: mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Mass scale, ddc:530, Electron Capture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tritium, Química, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, ddc, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, Neutrino Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electron neutrino, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, experimental results
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$β-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$0.2eV ($$90\%$$90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2019

47. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W.J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Deffert, M., Doe, P., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D., Pollithy, A., Poon, A., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P., Rest, O., Robertson, R., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H., Thorne, L., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Astrophysics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $$M=1972.449(10)$$ M=1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018

48. Estimating Uncertainties of Recurrent Neural Networks in Application to Multitarget Tracking

Author: Pollithy, Daniel, primary, Reith-Braun, Marcel, additional, Pfaff, Florian, additional, and Hanebeck, Uwe D., additional
Published: 2020
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49. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, Max, primary, Altenmüller, Konrad, additional, Arenz, Marius, additional, Baek, Woo-Jeong, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Beglarian, Armen, additional, Behrens, Jan, additional, Berlev, Anatoly, additional, Besserer, Uwe, additional, Blaum, Klaus, additional, Block, Fabian, additional, Bobien, Steffen, additional, Bornschein, Beate, additional, Bornschein, Lutz, additional, Bouquet, Heiko, additional, Brunst, Tim, additional, Caldwell, Thomas S., additional, Chilingaryan, Suren, additional, Choi, Wonqook, additional, Debowski, Karol, additional, Deffert, Marco, additional, Descher, Martin, additional, Díaz Barrero, Deseada, additional, Doe, Peter J., additional, Dragoun, Otokar, additional, Drexlin, Guido, additional, Dyba, Stephan, additional, Edzards, Frank, additional, Eitel, Klaus, additional, Ellinger, Enrico, additional, Engel, Ralph, additional, Enomoto, Sanshiro, additional, Eversheim, Dieter, additional, Fedkevych, Mariia, additional, Felden, Arne, additional, Formaggio, Joseph A., additional, Fränkle, Florian M., additional, Franklin, Gregg B., additional, Frankrone, Heinz, additional, Friedel, Fabian, additional, Fuchs, Dominik, additional, Fulst, Alexander, additional, Gauda, Kevin, additional, Gil, Woosik, additional, Glück, Ferenc, additional, Grohmann, Steffen, additional, Grössle, Robin, additional, Gumbsheimer, Rainer, additional, Hackenjos, Moritz, additional, Hannen, Volker, additional, Hartmann, Julius, additional, Haußmann, Norman, additional, Ha-Minh, Martin, additional, Heizmann, Florian, additional, Heizmann, Johannes, additional, Helbing, Klaus, additional, Hickford, Stephanie, additional, Hillesheimer, David, additional, Hinz, Dominic, additional, Höhn, Thomas, additional, Holzapfel, Bernhard, additional, Holzmann, Siegfried, additional, Houdy, Thibaut, additional, Howe, Mark A., additional, Huber, Anton, additional, Jansen, Alexander, additional, Karl, Christian, additional, Kellerer, Jonas, additional, Kernert, Norbert, additional, Kippenbrock, Luke, additional, Klein, Manuel, additional, Köhler, Christoph, additional, Köllenberger, Leonard, additional, Kopmann, Andreas, additional, Korzeczek, Marc, additional, Kovalík, Alojz, additional, Krasch, Bennet, additional, Krause, Holger, additional, Kuffner, Benedikt, additional, Kunka, Norbert, additional, Lasserre, Thierry, additional, La Cascio, Luisa, additional, Lebeda, Ondřej, additional, Lebert, Manuel, additional, Lehnert, Björn, additional, Letnev, Johann, additional, Leven, Fabian, additional, Le, Thanh-Long, additional, Lichter, Steffen, additional, Lokhov, Alexey, additional, Machatschek, Moritz, additional, Malcherek, Emma, additional, Mark, Martin, additional, Marsteller, Alexander, additional, Martin, Eric L., additional, Megas, Fotios, additional, Melzer, Christin, additional, Menshikov, Alexander, additional, Mertens, Susanne, additional, Meier, Matthias, additional, Mirz, Sebastian, additional, Monreal, Benjamin, additional, Morales Guzmán, Pablo I., additional, Müller, Klaus, additional, Naumann, Uwe, additional, Neumann, Holger, additional, Niemes, Simon, additional, Noe, Mathias, additional, Off, Andreas, additional, Ortjohann, Hans-Werner, additional, Osipowicz, Alexander, additional, Otten, Ernst, additional, Parno, Diana S., additional, Pollithy, Anna, additional, Poon, Alan W. P., additional, Lopez Poyato, J. Manuel, additional, Priester, Florian, additional, Ranitzsch, Philipp C.-O., additional, Rest, Oliver, additional, Rinderspacher, Rolf, additional, Robertson, R. G. Hamish, additional, Rodenbeck, Caroline, additional, Rohr, Petra, additional, Röllig, Marco, additional, Röttele, Carsten, additional, Ryšavý, Miloš, additional, Sack, Rudolf, additional, Saenz, Alejandro, additional, Schäfer, Peter, additional, Schimpf, Lutz, additional, Schlösser, Klaus, additional, Schlösser, Magnus, additional, Schlüter, Lisa, additional, Schrank, Michael, additional, Schulz, Bruno, additional, Seitz-Moskaliuk, Hendrik, additional, Seller, Waldemar, additional, Sibille, Valérian, additional, Siegmann, Daniel, additional, Slezák, Martin, additional, Spanier, Felix, additional, Steidl, Markus, additional, Steven, Madlen, additional, Sturm, Michael, additional, Suesser, Manfred, additional, Sun, Menglei, additional, Tcherniakhovski, Denis, additional, Telle, Helmut H., additional, Thorne, Larisa A., additional, Thümmler, Thomas, additional, Titov, Nikita, additional, Tkachev, Igor, additional, Trost, Nikolaus, additional, Urban, Korbinian, additional, Valerius, Kathrin, additional, Vénos, Drahoslav, additional, Vianden, Reiner, additional, Vizcaya Hernández, Ana P., additional, Weber, Marc, additional, Weinheimer, Christian, additional, Weiss, Christiane, additional, Welte, Stefan, additional, Wendel, Jürgen, additional, Wilkerson, John F., additional, Wolf, Joachim, additional, Wüstling, Sascha, additional, Xu, Weiran, additional, Yen, Yung-Ruey, additional, Zadorozhny, Sergey, additional, and Zeller, Genrich, additional
Published: 2020
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50. High magnetic field phase diagram and failure of the magnetic Grüneisen scaling in LiFePO4

Author: Christoph Neef, A. Pollithy, C. Koo, J. Werner, Ruediger Klingeler, S. Sauerland, and Y. Skourski
Subjects: Physics, Condensed matter physics, Hydrostatic pressure, Exchange interaction, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Magnetization, 0103 physical sciences, Antiferromagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Saturation (magnetic), Phase diagram
Abstract: We report the magnetic phase diagram of single-crystalline ${\mathrm{LiFePO}}_{4}$ in magnetic fields up to 58 T and present a detailed study of magnetoelastic coupling by means of high-resolution capacitance dilatometry. Large anomalies at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ in the thermal-expansion coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ imply pronounced magnetoelastic coupling. Quantitative analysis yields the magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{mag}}=6.7(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ mol/J. The positive hydrostatic pressure dependence $d{T}_{\mathrm{N}}/dp=1.46(11)$ K/GPa is dominated by uniaxial effects along the $a$ axis. Failure of Gr\"uneisen scaling below $\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, i.e., below the peak temperature in the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient [7], implies several competing degrees of freedom. A broad and strongly magnetic field dependent anomaly in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ in this temperature regime highlights the relevance of structure changes. Upon application of the magnetic field $B||b$ axis, a pronounced jump in the magnetization implies spin reorientation at ${B}_{\mathrm{SF}}=32\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ as well as a precursing phase at 29 T and $T=1.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. In a two-sublattice mean-field model, the saturation field ${B}_{\mathrm{sat},\mathrm{b}}=64(2)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ enables assessing the effective antiferromagnetic exchange interaction ${J}_{\mathrm{af}}=2.68(5)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ as well as anisotropies ${D}_{\mathrm{b}}=\ensuremath{-}0.53(4)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ and ${D}_{\mathrm{c}}=0.44(8)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$.
Published: 2019

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