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Why people migrate abroad and its explanation in the framework of economic approaches, factors of attraction and repulsion and duality of poverty and migration have been the subject of migration studies. Migration among the people of Afghanistan has a long tradition, however, during the last few decades, these continuous flows of migration and return have taken an unprecedented collective and scale form. This article seeks to explain the social issue of migration from Afghanistan with emphasis on the tendencies and supporting factors. The investigated factors are on three levels: micro (individual characteristics), medium (transnational networks) and macro (a person's understanding of the economic, social and political conditions of the countries of origin and destination). The research method is quantitative and survey-based, and the data was collected through a questionnaire among 850 people aged 18 years and above, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The results showed that people's attitude towards Afghanistan's economic, social and political situation at the macro level and transnational migration networks at the intermediate level have a significant effect on the tendency to migrate. At the micro level and among the social characteristics, the variables of age, education and ethnicity have the most effect on the desire to migrate. From this article, it can be concluded that there is a negative attitude towards the current conditions and the future of Afghanistan, the migration culture, as well as the Afghan diaspora and transnational migration networks in the neighboring countries Iran's Mullahs have a great role in the formation of migration abroad among the mindset of Afghans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to explain the fundamental sovereignty dispute over the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands between China and Japan by employing key historical research methodologies, including both historical and logical approaches. The historical method will facilitate an objective reconstruction of the dispute. On the other hand, the logical method enables the author to derive appropriate assessments based on historical evidence. Additionally, the author employs various other research techniques, such as document synthesis and analysis as well as comparative methods. Utilizing available sources, the author will concentrate on clarifying specific aspects, particularly the sovereignty disputes between China and Japan since the end of the Cold War and the impact on the political dynamics in the Asia-Pacific region.

Objective: to determine the impact of socio-demographic factors and characteristics of political and economic changes on corruption.Methods: the work uses the methods of comparative analysis, construction of conjugation tables, and the index method; the information base is the public opinion monitoring data in Vologda oblast, with 1,500 respondents filling in questionnaires at their place of residence. The sample is random and quota; representativeness is ensured by the proportions observed between the residents of settlements of different types, gender and age structure of the population; sampling error does not exceed 3 %.Results: manifestations of corruption have been the subject matter of scientific discourse for quite a long time, but the research approaches have been constantly expanding from the historical, legal, and economic points of view. The article considers corruption as a multidimensional phenomenon and analyzes it from the perspective of an integrative approach, which implies taking into account territorial aspects, socio-demographic factors, and the citizens’ perception of the political and economic situation in the country and in the region. The analysis of the assessment results of the public opinion about the corruption level in the region showed that the authorities and the health care system are the most susceptible to corruption. The assessment of the territorial prevalence of corruption showed that the corruption index values along the “center – periphery” line are higher in the regional center than in the districts. It was also revealed that differences in the socio-demographic characteristics insignificantly influence the perception of changes in the corruption level, unlike the perception of corruption depending on the economic and political situation in the region.Scientific novelty: Based on the analysis of the results of the corruption level monitoring in the region, it is shown that positive assessments of the political and economic situation are associated with an unchanged or decreased level of corruption perception. Hence, good and very good assessments of the economic situation were more often associated with a decrease in the corruption level last year.Practical significance: the identified links between corruption, socio-demographic, political and economic factors can serve as a basis for adjusting and improving anti-corruption policy at the regional and state level.

El artículo analizó la Sentencia de la causa No. 159-2023-TCE expedida por Tribunal Contencioso Electoral [TCE] y el impacto que generó en el sistema de la participación y representación política de Ecuador, haciendo hincapié en la eficacia de las normas y principios que rigen al sistema de la participación y representación política, bajo la perspectiva de paridad de género entre hombres y mujeres. En ese sentido, se denotó la importancia de la paridad de género y la igualdad de condiciones en una sociedad democrática. Así, se concluyó que la Sentencia de la causa No. 159-2023-TCE expedida por TCE -en el marco de varios recursos subjetivos contenciosos electorales- marcó un hito histórico y tuvo un impacto significativo en el sistema de la participación y representación política de Ecuador; puesto que, garantizó una participación y representación paritaria de mujeres y hombres, en igualdad de condiciones, lo cual, coadyuvó a la consolidación de una democracia representativa y participativa en el país, permitiendo que los ciudadanos pudieran participar activamente en la toma de decisiones, la gestión del gobierno y sus acciones, donde existió una participación colectiva e individual de los ciudadanos, tanto de hombres y de mujeres.

As Hegel claims in the phenomenology of the soul, subjectivity as the fate of the history of consciousness aims to show how the soul tries to establish a dialectical relationship between the objective and the subjective by becoming aware of itself and reconciling consciousness with self-awareness and to reconcile the two in the subjectivity found in absolute idealism. The main problem of this article is to show how and with what conceptual possibilities Hegel can overcome the one-sidedness of objective realism and subjective idealism by means of the subjectivity in the phenomenology of the soul. To answer this question, the author tries to explain the subjectivity in the book Phenomenology of the Spirit through the conceptual possibilities of consciousness, self-awareness, human society and political situation, and how to actualize the abstract absolute existing at the beginning of the history of consciousness through the mentioned concepts. show for this reason, it is explained that by bringing the absolute closer to the human community and creating an ontological dialectic between God and human "us", Hegel integrates the absolute into the political situation, and by integrating God into the political state, to reveal the absolute both to himself and to human "us" in philosophical knowledge and in this way establish a dialectical union between the realm of the subject and the realm of the object. In this article, the author has used the descriptive-analytical method to explain his position.

The relevance of researching the perception of socio-economic and political processes in the country by the youth is driven by a social demand to understand the readiness of young people to participate in the country’s economic development, its political life, acceptable forms of migration and civic behaviour, and the level of protest potential. The aim of this article is to identify the interconnection of trends in evaluations by student youth regarding the socio-economic and socio-political situation with characteristics such as dependence on socio-psychological well-being, financial status, trust levels in political institutions and the political course, migration and protest attitudes. The empirical basis of the analysis comprises data from studies conducted among student youth of the Southern region of Russia from 2017 to 2022 by the Southern Russian branch of the FCTAS RAS. The analysis revealed the ambivalence of the state of public consciousness among student youth, both in their assessment of the socio-economic situation and the socio-political position in the country. Despite students’ uncertain future perceptions, their migration attitudes have hardly changed compared to 2017, aligning with nationwide tendencies. It was established that the student youth of the Southern region of Russia does not display significant interest in politics (similar to the broader Russian population), yet concurrently expresses a higher level of personalised trust in the President of Russia and the military, more so than in the overall political direction of the authorities. Ideas of social justice, freedom of speech, and expressing political stance resonate with students from the Southern region of Russia, as well as fostering friendly relations with the West. A trend was identified over the last 5 years of reduced ratings in the ability to express political views while having a high level of legal consciousness, alongside a growth in the acceptability of unlawful forms of protest due to increasing distrust in the government and its political course.

The arrival of a very young girl, the Queen, at the head of the great English state in the early 19th century, was followed by a great chain of changes in all realms of life, not just in England. This study therefore seeks to provide a brief overview of developments in the Victorian era, particularly in the field of culture, through a review of prior literature. Developments fuelled by the industrial revolution, the absence of major wars, the rise of gender equality, and in particular cultural developments, represent the bright part of the Victorian era. As Albanian literature is generally poor in relation to the Victorian era, we consider that this study will provide some basic information on this. Anyone that might have an interest in developments in the Victorian era can use the findings of this research, which have a general content, with an emphasis on developments in Victorian literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to hydrogen as a promising source for obtaining clean energy. Attention is paid to the development of hydrogen energy both in the world and separately in the Russian Federation. The accumulated international experience in the production of hydrogen fuel is considered. The article mentions various methods of extracting hydrogen for its use as a fuel. Water electrolysis is noted as a promising method of hydrogen production due to its environmental friendliness. Particular attention in this article is paid to the current situation in the world in the fuel and energy complex, namely, the introduction of hydrogen fuel. For this, all possible lines of hydrogen supply to friendly countries that could be potential allies of Russia in the hydrogen energy industry are considered.

As Hegel claims in The Phenomenology of the Spirit, subjectivity as the fate of the history of consciousness aims to show how the soul tries to establish a dialectical relationship between the objective and the subjective by becoming aware of itself and reconciling consciousness with self-awareness and to reconcile the two in the subjectivity found in absolute idealism. The main problem of this article is to show how and with what conceptual possibilities Hegel can overcome the one-sidedness of objective realism and subjective idealism by means of the subjectivity in the phenomenology of the soul. To answer this question, the author tries to explain the subjectivity in the book Phenomenology of the Spirit through the conceptual possibilities of consciousness, self-awareness, human society and political situation, and how to actualize the abstract absolute existing at the beginning of the history of consciousness through the mentioned concepts. show for this reason, it is explained that by bringing the absolute closer to the human community and creating an ontological dialectic between God and human "us", Hegel integrates the absolute into the political situation, and by integrating God into the political state, to reveal the absolute both to himself and to human "us" in philosophical knowledge and in this way establish a dialectical union between the realm of the subject and the realm of the object. In this article, the author has used the descriptive-analytical method to explain his position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aram Manukyan's contemporaries gave a decent assessment of his life, human qualities, as well as pedagogical and revolutionary activities. The role of Aram is invaluable, especially during the restoration of the independent Armenian statehood. The figure devoted to the Motherland led the Armenian people imbued with liberation aspirations, awakening national self-consciousness, strengthening the collective unity of the nation, inspiring confidence in people's own abilities. Today, when the Armenian people are once again in a difficult war and political situation with a need for patriotic figures, it is necessary to turn again to the image of Aram Manukyan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study proposes an image of Romanian society around the 1848 Revolution from the point of view of French observers who resided there or simply crossed the region. The second part of the study refers to the period 1840–1847. During the period under investigation, French consuls and travellers came into contact with the realities of the Romanian space. They noted tensions in the political sphere, corruption that reigned in the judiciary and administration, and the abuses and constant interference of Russia in the internal affairs of the Principalities. Despite these difficulties, French observers pointed out Romania’s rapprochement with Western civilization, the transformation of Romanian society and its alignment with the European mainstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the “vertical” form (P. Shtompka) of trust in the authorities on the part of the population of the Republic of Angola, conducted at the end of 2020. The research methodology (classical and modern studies of the phenomenon of trust), methods of collecting primary information (included observation, a survey in the form of a standardized interview) are described. The factors influencing the attitude of citizens to the government and causing distrust of its social policy are analyzed. The attitude to the key institutions of civil society on the scale of “trust-distrust” is shown. Based on the results of the study, a forecast is made about the strengthening of distrust of power structures and the growth of tension in the country.

This research is a narrative literature review that seeks to analyze comprehensively the factors that influenced Mongolian religion at the beginning of the twentieth century, including the Bogd Khanate, Pan Mongolism, and the political situation in outer Mongolia. The research questions and objectives are formulated with a review of extant literature on the topic and identification of research gaps. After the initial collection of 300 publications and the application of screening and inclusion/exclusion criteria, 102 publications are chosen for the study. The screening procedure is depicted using a PRISMA table, which comprehensively summarizes the final sample. In addition, search phrase combinations that delineate the various keywords used in the extensive literature search have been highlighted. Various underlying factors (e.g., cultural, political, economic, and social aspects) have substantially influenced Mongolian religion, particularly in the early twentieth century, according to the findings of this study. These factors are interconnected and significantly impact Mongolia's religious landscape. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into Mongolian religion's historical and developmental perspectives during a crucial period. In addition to providing a comprehensive analysis of the interrelationships between the Bogd Khanate and Pan Mongolism through the political prism of outer Mongolia, the present study sheds light on the complex dynamics that shaped Mongolian religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bediuzzaman Said Nursi is a wise and reformer who was influenced by the political, social, intellectual and educational conditions of the Ottoman Empire, and expressed his views on these issues. Seeing that the Ottoman state could collapse, he warned Sultan Abdulhamid and his government and demanded that necessary reforms be announced. It is possible to summarize Nursi’s basic demands under the following headings: 1. Correcting the neglected socio-political conditions in Kurdish geography and establishing a university called “Medrasa al-Zahra” where religious knowledge and positive sciences will be taught. 2. To abandon tyranny in the name of Islam and to declare a freedom according to Islamic law. 3. Turning Yıldız Palace into an Islamic university and returning the gold and foreign currency in European banks to the state. 4. The Ottoman state’s adoption of a form of government in the style of “United Islamic Republics” and every nation establish a government and parliament in each they use their language. Although these demands of Nursi were not implemented at that time, they still attract attention and are adopted by a wide audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of 1926, Lebanon has witnessed internal and external political developments that were reflected in their entirety on Britain's policy towards it, as many political events were of great importance in influencing the reality of Lebanon in its various fields. The British intervention became clear because the French interference in their areas of influence eased, especially that competition increased dramatically between 1930-1936 through direct British-French interference in the election issue and the support of each party as a candidate in order to ensure the preservation of its interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the consequences of the 2014-2016 migration crisis in Spain. Today the migration crisis in Europe is far from being resolved. Every day hundreds of people from Africa, Asia and America move here hoping for a better life. The Mediterranean route used by migrants passes through Spain. The country has faced a record increase in migration flows from African countries and has found itself in a difficult situation. On the one hand, the state protects migrants’ rights; on the other hand, the refugee influx and a sharp increase in the level of illegal migration have become destabilizing and dangerous factors in the country's politics. Consequently, the European migration crisis affects the country's political life and causes divisions and confrontations between various political parties and resentment among the native population. The authors make an attempt to show the political consequences of the migration collapse in Spain.

The main topic of this article is the influence of the political situation in Slovakia and Ukraine on the identity of the Rusyn minority. The purpose is to clarify if the political situation in these countries can influence the identity of these people, and how. First, the Rusyn people and their identity, including the factors that are most influential to identity, are discussed. The author focuses on the phenomena such as culture, religion, and Rusyn organizations and their influence on the Rusyn identity. Is it possible that the political situation can somehow influence this identity through these factors? This article compares the past and current situation of the Rusyn minorities in Slovakia and Ukraine, as well as the different situations in both countries to the other. The methods used during the field research in Slovakia, Ukraine and Poland include interviews and the participant observation.

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article develops two arguments. One follows from the idea that materials can be made into witnesses to environmental violence by drawing together the evidence generated from multiple sensors. In this way, the practice of Forensic Architecture entails a commitment to a distinctive form of collective empiricism that leads to the generation of 'informed materials'. The second theme of the article follows from Forensic Architecture's claim that the microphysical investigation of specific incidents can be a starting point in reconstructing larger political and environmental processes. In light of this claim, the author interrogates the relation between the evidence generated by material witnesses and the political situations to which this evidence contributes. His contention is that qualitative forms of social and historical research are required that both complement and go beyond the limits of Forensic Architecture's commitment to collective empiricism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the development of Russian-Egyptian relations in terms of intercivilizational dialogue; there are analyzed the dynamics of their development in various historical epochs as well as the factors that have had decisive influence on the nature of the bilateral interaction. The globalization processes in which the modern world lives are shaking all the models of national and cultural identity that have developed over many centuries. These processes jeopardize the existence of the peoples, nations and cultures in their present form. In these conditions the interethnic cultural dialogue acquires special significance. This article is devoted to the consideration of a similar dialogue between Russian and Egyptian cultures in which political, economic, cultural, scientific and spiritual ties played and continue to play a special role. The ideas of Leo Tolstoy, M. Gorky and other Russian writers got in Egypt a special popularity and had a significant impact on progressive minds of the Egyptian intelligentsia as well as on the Egyptian literature. Although Arab, in particular Egyptian historians and public figures for a long time considered Russia as part of the West, after the October revolution of 1917 in Russia the Soviet state began to be perceived as a force that opposes the materialistic West. From the fifties of the 20th century, the military-technical and economic cooperation with the USSR, subsequently with Russia is of great importance for Egypt. At the same time, the article analyzes the influence of Egyptian culture and art on the spiritual and intellectual life of Russia.

Political circumstances are the result of the action of political factors, the power structures in one space. In this paper, we look at the political situation in one region - a smaller area that is affected by political conflicts in the wider region. More precisely, the paper presents political options, generators of political circumstances in the Tuzla region until the beginning of the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 1992.

The classic types of national security services are external and internal intelligence services, as well as integrated, internal, and external intelligence organizations. From a professional perspective, external and internal intelligence cannot be interpreted as entirely independent. Some theoretical schools consider internal intelligence (counterintelligence) part of intelligence; others attribute a significant distinction between internal and external intelligence. Regarding the number of national security services, two trends are observed in countries comparable to Hungary in the last decade. One is the increase in the number of services reflecting the increasing number and complexity of tasks and threats; the other is the decrease in the number of services through the integration of existing organizations, usually due to financial reasons. In Hungary, military internal and external intelligence were merged in 2012, establishing an integrated organization, the Military National Security Service (MNSS). Although an impact assessment did not precede the merger, the official evaluation of the Court of Auditors in January 2014 stated that the creation of NMSS resulted in savings in public money and this new organizational form ensured the better implementation of unchanged tasks. This article briefly presents the current political situation in Hungary, the Hungarian secret services, the development of the Hungarian Defence Forces in the past decade, the reasons for reforming the special military services, the periods, the aims, and the results of the integration process. It provides general and specific conclusions and lessons learned from military intelligence services reform in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test the time‐varying stock return responses to both expected and unexpected market illiquidity. Using a Markov‐switching methodology on Tunisian market data, we find that expected and unexpected market illiquidity effects on Tunisian small‐cap returns are always negative and stable. But for large caps, unexpected market illiquidity (illiquidity shock) effect on stock returns varies over time across two distinct regimes. In the first regime, illiquidity shocks have small effect on stock returns, whereas in the second regime, this effect rises threefold compared to its magnitude in first regime. The second regime (stress scenario) is short lived and characterized by high volatility. We also find that effect of expected market illiquidity on large cap returns is insignificant. In addition, we investigate the factors that lead to the stress scenario on stock exchange of Tunis. We find that stress scenario is contingent to funding illiquidity and economic distress in Tunisia. Results prove that Tunisian economic distress occurred in the context of subprime crisis and Tunisian political crisis of 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of the revolution that occurred in January 2011 in Egypt on the demand for redistribution in that country, which has drastically increased since that period. This shock has been an important event, enhancing freedom and the political structure. In a first step, taking into account the main determinants of preferences for redistribution in the literature, our results differ, showing a positive impact of religion and a negative impact of altruistic attitudes. In a second step, we rely on a diff‐in‐diff approach to estimate the effect of the revolution, using three similar countries as a control group. We find that Egyptians became much more favorable to redistribution after the Arab Spring. Moreover, the revolution effect is stronger for the poorest people and those who are interested in politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main topic of this article is the influence of the political situation in Slovakia and Ukraine on the identity of the Rusyn minority. The purpose is to clarify if the political situation in these countries can influence the identity of these people, and how. First, the Rusyn people and their identity, including the factors that are most influential to identity, are discussed. The author focuses on the phenomena such as culture, religion, and Rusyn organizations and their influence on the Rusyn identity. Is it possible that the political situation can somehow influence this identity through these factors? This article compares the past and current situation of the Rusyn minorities in Slovakia and Ukraine, as well as the different situations in both countries to the other. The methods used during the field research in Slovakia, Ukraine and Poland include interviews and the participant observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we examined the relationship between perceived person happiness and factors that influence this perception, also, is inferred that life satisfaction is influence by happiness. Among 2494 Spaniards individuals of both sexes, we found that these individuals valued political situation, economic situation and socio-demographic characteristics to have a strong association in that order, with happiness and that this last construct is a fundamental factor to life satisfaction. The importance of perception is validated using a structural equation model that evaluates relationships and validity on the constructs in question. Collinearity statistics, average variance extracted, and an estimated partial least square regression model are evaluated to confirm independent meaning, correct construct measure and endogenous variable explanation by the predictive constructs. Results indicate that the level of happiness in Spaniards is most influenced by political perception. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and it is proposed to continue this study in a non-developed country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the problem of forming youth’s political identity in times of political turmoil. In particular, there are four structural elements of political identity formation: cognitive, value, emotional and activity. It is determined that the model of forming youth’s political identity based on the data of the four structural elements is universal for all states with undergoing transformation. A number of factors that can complicate the process of working with the young generation are described. Also, the attention focuses on the opportunities that arise in the process of forming youth’s political identity. It is about uncovering the significant problems for the entire population that are emerging in today’s transformative societies. The author devotes special attention to the role of the youth in the process of forming youth’s political identity in times of political turmoil. It is noted that in the process of transformation of the political situation, the potential of young people to formulate a request for the search of new identification opportunities is stimulated. The author emphasizes the need to take into account the opinion, assessment and reaction of young people to the political processes that are taking place and to increase their involvement in the political life of the state. In the study the author emphasizes the fact that the process of political identification of young people is carried out within the framework of the choice made by themselves, when the attachment to certain political values and guidelines can act as a catalyst for the youth’s choice. It is noted that in the context of liberalized society, the formed political identity becomes a key consolidating element for the entire political system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]