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Copyright of Sport & Tourism Central European Journal / Sport i Turystyka Srodkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe is the property of Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of social and familial isolation due to COVID-19 on the mental well-being of patients staying in a residential medical care facility and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Methods. The study was conducted among the patients of a residential medical care facility (58 patients). A short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the severity of depressive disorders. The number of medical and psychological interventions during the individual months of isolation was also compared. Results. In February 2020, when there was no isolation, 87.9% of the study group did not suffer from depression compared to 72.4% during the period of full isolation. After introducing controlled methods for contacting loved ones, the number of individuals with no depressive symptoms increased again. A mean of 1.76 medical and 0.23 psychological interventions per one patient were conducted during the period of full isolation. Conclusions. The number of medical and psychological interventions was higher during the period of full isolation compared to months without compulsory isolation due to COVID-19. After the introduction of full isolation, the scores in the GDS were significantly higher, which means that the residents were at a higher risk of depressive disorders than in the months without isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology / Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advancements of Microbiology is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eating disorders are characterized by eating and appetite disorders, which develop on a mental basis. Currently, there is a rapid increase in the frequency of these disorders, especially among children and adolescents. Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and EDNOS, which include a dozen or so disorders, but this group is still expanding. Eating disorders are characterized by the highest mortality rate among all mental illnesses. They mainly affect adolescents and young adults as well as the female sex, however, there are more and more cases among men and people from other age groups. Anorexia nervosa is the conscious reduction of food intake in order to reduce body weight. In this disorder there is abnormal body image, underweight and fear of weight gain. According to the American Psychiatric Association, there are two types of anorexia nervosa - restrictive (limiting) and bulimic (laxative). Bulimia nervosa is characterized by abnormal food intake (overeating) and co-occurrence of compensatory methods aimed at limiting the absorption of consumed food. These methods include: provoking vomiting, excessive physical effort, taking diuretics and laxatives. Among the eating disorders we also distinguish eating disorders not defined otherwise (EDNOS). This is a group of diseases in which pathological eating behaviour occurs, but they do not meet the diagnostic criteria of anorexia or bulimia. The diagnosis of eating disorders is difficult not only because of the lack of specialists dealing with this subject, but also because of the lack of public awareness of these diseases. That is why it is so important to educate both medical staff and the general public about eating disorders., (© 2020 MEDPRESS.)

Oral medication (tablets, capsules, suspensions, liquids, etc.) are frequently used in therapy. This may arise due to the fact that oral medication patient can take at home and it reduce the stress associated with taking the drug. On the Polish pharmaceutical market can be observed more frequent registration to trading anticancer drugs in oral form. Is also growing interest about drug interactions with food, but they are still less accented than drug-drug interactions. The results of pharmacokinetic studies on the interaction of drugs used in antineoplastic therapy with food are particularly important because of the characteristics of cancer patients, and a growing number of people suffering from cancer and which may have a problem. The aim of the study was to collect and present clinically relevant interactions of anticancer drugs in oral form used in oncology with grapefruit juice based on the latest scientific reports and the summary of product characteristics.

Recently, there has been an increase in the consumption of designer drugs, substances aimed at producing psychoactive, energizing, euphoric or anesthetic effects. Designer drugs are substitutes of actual narcotics, whose possession is banned under Polish law according to the Act of 29 July 2005. The latest reports suggest that the number of synthetic psychoactive substances is increasing. In the span of 2012, a total of 28 new synthetic cannabinoids were discovered in member states of the European Union. Synthetic psychoactive substances appear in different forms on the market: tablets (often very colourful and interestingly-shaped), seeds, dried product (sprayed with synthetic substance and redried), crystals or powder. The way of application is greatly diverse, and depends on the form in which a drug is produced and dispensed. The methods of intoxication include smoke inhalation (oftentimes blends are smoked), intranasal or oral application, placing crystals on the eye, or injection. Said methods correspond, with varying degrees, to invoking different psychotic effects, such as agitation, panic attacks, paranoia, hallucinations, overall irritation, and aggression. Various cardiovascular effects, such as tachycardia or increase in blood pressure, may follow as well. However, the primary influence is on the nervous system, inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine, and leading to their increased concentration at the presynaptic cleft, which in turn causes feelings of agitation and pleasure. The knowledge regarding the strength, toxicity, and metabolism of designer drugs is yet sparse. The same pertains to the knowledge regarding the handling of overdose cases., (© 2016 MEDPRESS.)

Cancer therapy is challenging for scientists because of low effectiveness of so far existing therapies (especially in case of great invasiveness and advanced tumor stage). Such need for new drug development and search for more efficient new findings in therapeutical applications is therefore still valid. There are also conducted studies on modifying so far existing drugs and their new methods of usage in oncology practice. One of them is phenothiazine and its derivatives which are used in psychiatric treatment for years. They also exhibit antiprion, antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties. Cytotoxic activity, influence on proliferation, ability to induce apoptosis suggest also a possibility of phenothiazine derivatives usage in cancer cells termination. The aim of our the study was to evaluate the influence of two amine derivatives of phenothiazine on cancer cells in vitro. Amelanotic melanoma C-32 cell line (ATCC) and glioma SNB-19 cells (DSMZ) were used in this study and two derivatives were analyzed. In view of examined substances tumor potential toxicity cells proliferation and viability exposed to phenothiazine derivatives were established. Cell cycle regulatory genes expression (TP53 and CDKN1A), S-phase marker--H3 gene and intracellular apoptosis pathway genes (BAX, BCL-2) were analyzed using RT-QPCR method. The influence of examined derivatives on total cell oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidative status (TAS), malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were analyzed. As a result, examined phenothiazine derivatives cytotoxic action on C-32 and SNB-19 and also cells proliferation inhibition were determined. Cell cycle regulatory genes (TP53, CDKN1A) expression and protein products of genes involved in mitochondial apoptosis pathway (BAX, BCL-2) expression are changed by the presence of phenothiazine derivatives during culturing. There were also noted small changes in redox potential in cells exposed to two mentioned phenothiazine derivatives.

Visfatin has recently been established as a novel adipokine that is predominantly expressed in subcutaneous and visceral fat. Only few studies have investigated the effect of visfatin on prostate, breast, ovarian cancer as well as on astrocytoma cell biology. There have been no previous studies on antioxidative enzyme activities, proliferation processes or levels of DNA damage in malignant melanoma cells in response to visfatin stimulation. Here, we report that visfatin increases activity of selected antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in culture supernatants of Me45 human malignant melanoma cells. Our findings suggest that visfatin triggers a redox adaptation response, leading to an upregulation of antioxidant capacity along with decreased levels of the lipid peroxidation process in Me45 melanoma cells. Moreover, visfatin led to a significantly increased proliferation rate in the study using the [(3)H]thymidine incorporation method. Unlike insulin, visfatin-induced melanoma cell proliferation is not mediated by an insulin receptor. Better understanding of the role of visfatin in melanoma redox states may provide sound insight into the association between obesity-related fat adipokines and the antioxidant defense system in vitro in melanoma progression.

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen, PC) is metabolized in liver to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinon-imine (NAPQI), that is in turn conjugated by glutathione S-transferase with glutathione. NAPQI inhibits the respiratory chain. It may cause a 90% decrease of ATP concentration in mitochondria of hepatocytes. The oxidation of paracetamol to quinine form can also generate free radicals. Both above mentioned processes, can injure the mitochondria and cells. There have not been found in accessible literature any data dealing with paracetamol influence on the process elimination of the alpha nitrogen in the liver. The ATP concentration decline may lead to disturbances in mitochondrial enzymes. There are discrepant data of the role of free radicals in the mechanism of toxic action of paracetamol.

Chronic immunoallergic inflammatory reaction plays a key role in pathogenesis of asthma. Importance of free oxygen radicals in mechanism of chronic inflammatory process has been proved. Activity of two antioxidative enzymes: isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (POX), and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and erythrocytes in asthmatics during exacerbation and improvement of disease were assessed. Disturbances in oxidative system in asthmatic patients have been observed. Lack of significant differences in antioxidative indexes between a period of exacerbation, not complicated by infection and a period of improvement indicates a pathophysiological role of chronic oxygen stress in asthma. It has been also shown that bacterial infection disturbs efficiency of antioxidative mechanisms.

The study was done in 30 one-month-old Wistar FL rats divided into one control and two study groups of ten animals each. Hyperglycemia was induced with sodium fluoride in water at a concentration of 50 or 100 mg/L during four months. Control animals received distilled water. We observed significantly (p < 0.05) reduced activities of aspartate aminotransferase (by 22.8%) and malic dehydrogenase (by 10.9%) in the group exposed to 100 mg F(-)/L. No pathological changes were revealed in the pancreas of exposed animals.

Obesity is accompanied by a high incidence of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the pathogenesis of which is associated with oxygen-derived free radicals. The aim of the study was to compare blood oxidation status in obese women without coexisting diseases and in healthy women with normal body mass index (BMI). Studies were performed in 29 premenopausal obese (BMI 35.79 +/- 4.62 kg/m2) and 31 lean (BMI 22.29 +/- 1.05 kg/m2) women. Plasma lipid profile, activities of antioxidant enzymes: copper/zinc (Cu/ZnSOD) and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA)--a product of lipid peroxidation, were examined. In obese women there were significantly higher concentrations of total cholesterol (5.02 +/- 0.83 vs. 4.15 +/- 0.43 mmol/l; p < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (3.12 +/- 0.90 vs. 2.35 +/- 0.42 mmol/l; p < 0.05) and triglycerides (1.72 +/- 0.85 vs. 1.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/l; p < 0.01), while HDL-cholesterol level was lower (1.01 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; p < 0.05). Moreover, in comparison to the control group, obese women showed increased activities of plasma MnSOD (6.72 +/- 1.43 vs. 4.99 +/- 0.58 NU/ml; p < 0.05) and erythrocyte GSH-Px (35.38 +/- 10.31 vs. 19.15 +/- 7.12 mumol NADPH2/g Hb/min; p < 0.001), and concentrations of plasma MDA (2.93 +/- 0.53 vs. 2.16 +/- 0.31 mumol/l; p < 0.05) and erythrocyte MDA (2.24 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.59 +/- 0.36 mumol/g Hb; p < < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in activities of plasma and erythrocyte Cu/ZnSOD. In conclusion, the results demonstrate disturbances in oxidation status in premenopausal obese women with abnormal lipid profile, which may indicate the association between oxygen-derived free radicals and the increase in the incidence of obesity-related diseases.