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Over the last decades, the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in medical fields has skyrocketed. Well known for their results in segmentation, motion management and posttreatment outcome tasks, investigations of machine learning and deep learning models as fast dose calculation or quality assurance tools have been present since 2000. The main motivation for this increasing research and interest in artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning is the enhancement of treatment workflows, specifically dosimetry and quality assurance accuracy and time points, which remain important time-consuming aspects of clinical patient management. Since 2014, the evolution of models and architectures for dose calculation has been related to innovations and interest in the theory of information research with pronounced improvements in architecture design. The use of knowledge-based approaches to patient-specific methods has also considerably improved the accuracy of dose predictions. This paper covers the state of all known deep learning architectures and models applied to external radiotherapy with a description of each architecture, followed by a discussion on the performance and future of deep learning predictive models in external radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’espace marin et côtier du Togo joue un rôle essentiel dans l’économie du pays, en contribuant à la création d’emplois directs et indirects, à la sécurité alimentaire, à la résilience économique et sociale, à la régulation du climat et à la fourniture d’habitats à des milliers d’espèces. Toutefois, les activités tendent à se développer sur cet espace ; ce qui accroît l’exposition aux risques de conflits d’usage. C’est pour anticiper ces risques que les autorités togolaises ont adopté la planification spatiale marine (PSM) en 2020. Ce travail a pour objectif de montrer l’apport de la démarche sociologique dans la mise en œuvre de la PSM au Togo. À partir de l’exploitation de diverses sources documentaires et des résultats d’entretiens, la recherche tente de démontrer que la mise en œuvre de la PSM a mobilisé des concepts sociologiques (acteur, conflit, participation, intégration, citoyenneté). Il en résulte que la PSM au Togo repose sur la prise en compte des besoins des différentes parties prenantes, notamment les pouvoirs publics, le secteur privé maritime, les écologistes, les pêcheurs et tous les détenteurs de droits.

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As cities aim for more sustainable patterns of urbanization, intensification has emerged as a core planning strategy. In 2013, the City of Regina set new intensification targets: absorb 30% of annual population growth through intensification and add 10,000 residents to the city centre by 2035. In the decade since, implementation has been unsuccessful. This study explores the barriers to core area intensification in Regina by engaging with key informants through semi‐structured interviews. Our findings identify the most significant barriers as soft market demand, a city centre that is unappealing as a residential context, insufficient political will, an absence of developers who specialize in core area intensification, and unfavourable development economics. These findings illustrate the unique challenges faced by mid‐size Canadian cites in disrupting entrenched development patterns and driving development towards the downtown. Key messages: Despite having adopted ambitious goals for intensification in 2013, Regina has been largely unsuccessful with implementation, as dispersed and decentralized development patterns have prevailed.The major impediments to intensification include soft market demand, limited appeal of residing in the city centre, insufficient political will, absence of developers who specialize in core area intensification, and unfavourable development economics.The barriers identified in this research illustrate the unique challenges and circumstances in mid‐size Canadian cities relative to their larger counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le budget programme est le résultat de la budgétisation par programmes. Selon la loi N°11/011 du 13 juillet 2011 relative aux finances publiques, un programme est un ensemble cohérent d’actions qui regroupe les crédits destinés à un même ministère. La nouvelle conception du budget axée sur la performance voudrait que les ressources soient allouées selon les objectifs poursuivis et sur base des principes de transparence et de redevabilité. Cependant, notre apport dans cet article consiste à expliquer les possibilités d’intégrer la dimension de genre dans le processus du budget-programme au parlement congolais. La Planification et Budgétisation Sensible au Genre (PBSG) est une approche politique stratégique visant à intégrer systématiquement les objectifs en matière d’égalité liée au genre dans les politiques gouvernementales, la planification, la budgétisation, le suivi et l’évaluation. Elle met en évidence les effets distributifs du budget (recettes et dépenses) sur les femmes et les hommes et ajuste ou réaffecte les ressources pour garantir que les deux bénéficient équitablement des ressources gouvernementales.1 Visant à la fois l’égalité liée au genre et la justice fiscale, la PBSG analyse l’impact des budgets gouvernementaux sur les différents groupes de personnes pour permettre la transformation de ces budgets afin qu’ils puissent contribuer à la réalisation des engagements en matière d’égalité liée au genre. Son but ultime est d’appliquer une approche sensible au genre à toutes les étapes du processus budgétaire afin d’intégrer l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes.

Aeromobility and air travel are known to produce multilevel experiences of sound, ultimately resulting in social and environmental struggles against noise pollution. Different studies that address aeromobile sounds and atmospheres, however, do so while using highly different concepts, approaches, tools, and methods that often create disconnects between different disciplines and their capacity for dialogue. Drawing primarily on a study of Ben Gurion International Airport, and on a nonrepresentational approach to aeromobile sounds, their experience, representation, and sensing – by people and technologies – this paper provides conceptually informed empirical accounts of different ways to get to know noise, while addressing the gaps they create between different fields of knowledge. The paper concludes that nonrepresentational thinking is a valuable pillar with which shared grounds between academic discourse, practitioners, policymakers, and the public could be progressed, offering wider considerations of noise, its constitution, outcomes, and futures in aeromobile geographies and airport planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos is the property of Sociedad de Estudios Vascos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Accounting Perspectives is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to understand aspects of teacher planning that enhance the possibility of meeting students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with mathematical knowledge. It is a qualitative research, having as main data collection instruments a semi-structured interview and task planning documented by a teacher. Based on the analysis of the teacher's planning, the subject of the research, the contribution of the theoretical framework is discussed, Theory of Objectification, idealized by Luis Radford, which provides fundamentals that guide the task design component, a component that translates as the project teacher's teaching. There are three categories: general considerations, considerations on mathematical problems and considerations on forms of human collaboration. In conclusion, the categories of analysis emerging from the elements of the task design component allowed identifying aspects of the teacher's planning that enhance the possibility of the student with ASD encountering mathematical knowledge, such as: considering prior knowledge that emerges from situations experienced in their daily; explore contexts that allow the student to encounter mathematical knowledge in a utilitarian way; and explore different physical environments, providing coexistence with appropriate rules and behaviors and the generalization of school knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the coherence between objectives and activities proposed in Mathematics lesson plans for the literacy cycle. Planning is recognized as an important moment of pedagogical work and as being able to model the curriculum that will be developed with students. This study is qualitative in origin, using a documentary research design. In order to achieve this aim, lesson plans, of the remote teaching period, of teachers of the literacy cycle were analyzed in a descriptive way in terms of the announced objectives and the proposed activities. It was possible to conclude, in this study, that a large part of the analyzed lesson plans did not present coherence between what they claim to develop in the objectives, such as the skills and how they were operationalized these intentions in the activities. In conclusion, it is possible to say that curricula may lose their strength if planning is only focused on the execution of the activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Didáctica. Lengua y Literatura is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present time, in the whole world there is planning, all types of organizations plan the future periods taking into consideration all the aspects of their activity. The planning activity is not based on intuition and presentiments, but on forecasting and analysis. The humanity is in strong economical, technological, social and political period where the anticipation and other activities of the manager became necessary for the survival of the organization. The continuous change and economical development are generating opportunities, but, in the same time, are generating also risks. In this context the role of planning is to reduce as much as possible the risks and to take profit of the advantages and opportunities. But, in order to make the plans successful, the planning has to find its place among the theories, principles and basic techniques of management.

Background: A high critical shoulder angle (CSA) is associated with rotator cuff tear (RCT) and retear rate after repair. CSA reduced to less than 33° by acromioplasty is correlated with better clinical results and healing. But up to 24% of patients retain a CSA above 35° after acromioplasty. The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of 3D when planning acromioplasty and measure acromial bone removal volume dimensions. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans from 45 patients with RCT and CSA ≥ 38° were retrospectively included. A 33° CSA cutting plane was positioned. Acromion was divided into 5 mm slices and acromial bone resection measured on each slice. Results: Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility measurements were rated strong or very strong. Patients' mean preoperative CSA was 40° (38°, 49° ± 2.3°). Measurements of acromial resection were: anteroposterior length: 32.7 mm (20, 50 ± 7.4); inferior width: 7.6 mm (4.2, 19 ± 2.9); superior width: 4.1 mm (0, 16 ± 3.0); height: 6.1 mm (1.7, 6.7 ± 1.6); and cutting angle: 74° (46, 91 ± 8.0). Maximum width of acromial resection was located 10.6 mm (5, 17.5 ± 0.6) from the acromion's anterior edge and decreased gradually moving posteriorly. Preoperative CSA was linearly correlated with width (P < 0.0001, R = 84%) and length (P = 0.0001, R = 28%) of acromioplasty; the higher the CSA, the greater the width and length. Conclusions: 3D CT reconstructions are valid for planning a CSA decreasing acromioplasty. To reduce CSA to 33°, acromioplasty must be performed anterolaterally and resection is at least 2 cm long anteroposteriorly. For higher CSAs, acromioplasty may require lateral resection over 1 cm in width and up to 5 cm in length. To decrease the CSA efficiently, acromioplasty must be adapted to patient anatomy and 3D planning could be considered. Level of evidence: IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La gestion urbaine est le reflet de politiques publiques multiples et du degré de la démocratie locale. L’analyse du système de gestion de la ville de Marrakech, à travers l’appréciation de la portée et des limites de l’action publique présumée régulatrice vis-à-vis des intérêts divers et divergents liés à la production du sol urbain,permet de remettre en cause les logiques de ce système qui s’apparente à un acte tributaire d’une volonté éphémère et non d’une politique exercée suivant un cadrage réglementaire et normatif pondéré. La gestion urbaine au niveau de la ville de Marrakech se fait en l’absence de documents d’urbanisme à même d’aider à l’organisation et au développement urbains. Le manque de jalonnement en la matière et le manque d’expertise se traduisent souvent par des tergiversations et tractations quant à l’instruction des dossiers d’autorisations. Les outils de la gestion urbaine se limitent aux lotissements, groupes d’habitations, constructions et morcellements. On manque de certains outils d’aménagement urbain comme les zones d’aménagement concerté et les projets opérationnels, comme on manque d’un cadrage normatif lucide, sachant qu’on s’adosse à des circulaires et grilles reflétant les principes du modèle fonctionnaliste et la primauté de l’habitat sur l’urbanisme.En outre, la pratique de la dérogation en urbanisme affecte négativement la production du sol urbain de Marrakech, comme elle risque de défigurer le paysage naturel et agricole de son périurbain. Ce faisant, la gestion urbaine se réduit aux tractations et compromis et demeure tributaire des situations locales et conjoncturelles, faisant courtiser les intérêts des pouvoirs les plus forts. Pourtant la rationalité de la prise de décision en matière de gestion urbaine doit être perçue dans une prospective territoriale, eu égard aux différentes échelles d’aménagement et d’urbanisme.Ainsi, ce travail met l’accent sur les interfaces entre la planification stratégique de la ville, les moyens juridico-institutionnels et techniques mobilisables et les outils de la gestion urbaine. Il en est ainsi question, pour faire autrement, de partager une stratégie d’acteurs, de réguler l’action collective sur la ville, de voir large et profond dans les normes et servitudes de gestion urbaine en s’appliquant à construire un système normatif à la fois souple, facilitateur et précis.

La planification de la communication dans la planification du développement s’inscrit dans la gouvernance des politiques publiques nationales de développement. Les populations sont de plus en plus exigeantes quant à l’impact des initiatives de développement sur leur quotidien. Elles veulent davantage être impliquées dans le processus de prise de décision et de gestion de leur propre développement. A l’évidence, le faible recours à la Communication pour le développement contrarie par moment l’atteinte des résultats de développement. Cette étude entend montrer la pertinence du recours à la Communication pour le Développement dans la réussite des plans nationaux de développement (PND).

The formal Event-B method makes it possible to obtain systems or software correct by construction. The modeling activity aims to establish formal models in Event-B. As for the proof activity, it aims at correcting these models. A proven Event-B model is not necessarily valid. We propose to open the Event-B formal method on PDDL in order to further validate Event-B models. We aim to validate the dynamic properties related to the sequence of events authorized on Event-B models. PDDL is a de facto standard language for planning problems. It is equipped with planners to automatically generate solution-plans. To achieve this, we successfully used the MDE approach, Xtext to create an integrated development environment specific to the Event-B language and the Xtend tool to implement our transformation EventB2PDDL and produce PDDL descriptions using a top-down approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental change associated with warmer temperatures is creating unprecedented conditions in natural regions and ecosystems. In Jasper National Park, Alberta, climate change, historical fire management practices, and the mountain pine beetle infestation are combining to increase the risk of a major wildfire. The intent of this short viewpoint is to provide a primer for decision makers. The application of an adaptation readiness framework highlights areas where the Park's level of preparedness for wildfire adaptation is well developed and areas in need of further attention. Areas where adaptation is well developed include political leadership, decision making, and stakeholder engagement. Further attention is necessary around institutional organizations, funding, and public support. Key Messages: Risk of wildfire in Jasper National Park is increasing due to combined impacts of climate change, historical fire management practices, and mountain pine beetle infestation.There is need for a long‐term adaptation strategy, including engagement and collaboration between planners, industry professionals, and the community to reduce the risk of wildfire.Areas where adaptation is well developed include political leadership, decision making, and stakeholder engagement, while further attention is necessary around institutional organizations, funding, and public support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colección is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article détaille un processus participatif mis en place sur le bassin versant de la Drôme pour préparer, avec les citoyens, la révision du Schéma d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux. Spécifiquement, des citoyens ont été associés précocement pour choisir et organiser leur propre processus participatif. Cette co-ingénierie les a sensibilisés à l’importance de ces décisions, a initié des apprentissages sociaux et posé les conditions d’une régulation efficiente. Elle a clarifié les liens entre la participation et la gouvernance institutionnelle. Mais l’exercice apparaît abstrait aux participants. Il requiert des règles de participation claires et une initiation aux enjeux et au vocabulaire de la participation. En conclusion, nous suggérons des adaptations de la co-ingénierie de la participation en fonction des attentes et moyens disponibles.

The 2020 recommendations for good brachytherapy procedures ("Recorad") are updated based on the 2016 article. This new brachytherapy article took into account recent data published in the literature as well as international recommendations. The different brachytherapy steps are successively described from the treatment preparation (brachytherapy technique prescription; procedure and material, dedicated images for planification, dose distribution analysis and validation) to the end of the procedure as well as post-treatment surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to a 2015 external review and subsequent allegations of sexual misconduct, high priority has been placed on socio-cultural change in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). Canada's Defence Policy, Strong, Secure, Engaged, reinforces this priority, calling for a culture of respect and inclusion that supports gender equality and a workforce that leverages the diversity of Canadian society. Notwithstanding multiple efforts targeting diversity, inclusion, sexual misconduct elimination, and integration of gender perspectives into policy, planning, and military operations, understanding and monitoring culture and culture change is a persistent challenge. Drawing from historical documents and social science research on culture and gender in the Canadian military, this article presents an analysis of socio-cultural shift s since 1970. The analysis illustrates the importance of understanding the complexity of cultural influences and describes how cultural discourses have shaped responses to gender difference. Related narratives are frequently adopted at face value in the absence of comprehensive analysis of cultural influences. Research has made valuable contributions to better understanding and monitoring of Canadian military culture; however, historical evidence suggests the meaning of gender integration has not been fully understood or achieved. This analysis underscores the importance of critical and comprehensive analyses to support aspirations for social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista História da Educação is the property of Historia da Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context and background: Reconciling the sectoral interests of urban planning and agriculture is a challenge. The idyllic ambition to plan the city while enhancing agricultural land through a planning tool is subject to conflicts of use and divergent stakeholder logics. Goal and objectives: This study highlights the problem of conflicts between urban planning and agricultural land. The aim is to identify ways of objectifying and rationalizing the planning process in order to regulate these conflicts. This reflection has demonstrated the correlation between the multiple dynamics and the needs of developable land, at the level of the region of Souss-Massa as a case study. Methodology: The followed methodology to accomplish this study is based on two phases. In the first phase, an analysis of the observed dynamics in terms of urban planning and urbanization needs is conducted. Secondly, a benchmark is made between the national legal system and the international legal framework. Results: The urban planning documents at the level of Souss-Massa present extensive development perimeters of 71 000 ha. Bare land intended for construction exceeds the quantified needs. Beyond these huge areas, we are witnessing multiple forms of encroachment on agricultural land, the proliferation of irregular housing and the profusion of urban sprawl, due to the lack of effectiveness of public policies on urban planning, housing and land. The use of the benchmark made it possible to highlight the contrast between the national legal system and foreign legislation in terms of logics, principles and standards of planning and preservation of agricultural land. This reflection proposes a new logic of regulatory urban planning capable of arbitrating and resolving urban and agricultural land use conflicts. To this end, we propose to improve the terms of reference of development and urban planning documents and to better elaborate them according to intelligent frameworks .Keywords: territorial and urban planning, agricultural land, conflict of use, regulation.

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Appréhender la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser (ERC) à l’échelle d’un territoire : quels apports et quelles implications a une telle approche par rapport à la mise en œuvre classique de la séquence ERC à l’échelle des projets opérationnels ? Pourquoi les acteurs du territoire peinent à prendre ce chemin pour atteindre l’objectif d’absence de perte nette de biodiversité ? Et finalement, quels défis sont à relever pour faciliter cette mise en œuvre ? En s’appuyant sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès d’acteurs du territoire, les auteurs de cet article apportent des réponses à ces questions.

In order to evaluate the democratic quality of participation in water resources planning processes (PRHs), especially in “the methods of participation”, the research takes the classic references of participation levels, particularly, the levels assumed by the multilateral organizations: Information, Consultation and Active Involvement. This was used to classify the official reports about participation methods/strategies by of five basin planning of: Doce , São Francisco, Santa Maria da Vitória and Jucu and Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí rivers. The premise is that not all participation is equal and that there are increasing forms of power sharing in the government-citizen relationship. The analysis shows the trivialization of the term “participation” and the need for transparency of the objectives and scope of public participation in the PRHs and similar processes.

The establishment of a central service point for research data management (RDM) at a university is a long-time process that can be divided into five phases: initiation, foundation, development, roll-out and stabilisation. This roadmap guides the reader through the individual phases and highlights challenges and implementation steps based on experience gained at the University Library of Duisburg-Essen. The essential parts of the concept for the service point „Research Data Services" (RDS) at the University Library of Duisburg-Essen are the developed service portfolio, which covers the various fields of action of the RDM, as well as the organisational structure, which includes all relevant actors within and outside the university. The entanglement of subject-specific science and RDM is an important condition for the success of the establishment of services. At the University of Duisburg-Essen University this is achieved in particular through close cooperation with research networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in many technological and industrial sectors, mining exploration and extraction rely on instruments designed to anticipate and organize future developments and their consequences. In this article, we focus on three ways of mobilizing the future in the context of these activities and their contestation. Investment is characterized by the calculation of future profits and the central place given to risks that are likely to threaten them. Anticipation combines the appraisal of extractive activity with wider considerations likely to give rise to new questions and a different definition of risks. Planning consists in organizing mining activity according to objectives to be achieved, such as territorial development. Building on fieldwork in metropolitan France, New Caledonia, and French Guiana, this article shows that an analysis of the mobilization of the future makes it possible to rethink the well-known problem of the relations between mining companies, environment and the affected populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-1990s, the reuse of brownfield properties for urban intensification has emerged as a core strategy in government efforts to remediate pollution and support renewal, regeneration, and retrofitting. While upper levels of government in Canada engaged in early efforts to devise policies, programs, and funding strategies to support redevelopment, the job of overseeing it has fallen mainly to local governments. This paper investigates the role of municipalities in Ontario, Canada's most populous and industrialized province, in managing and facilitating brownfields redevelopment. Survey data from 43 municipalities, coupled with information gathered from six site visitations and provincial information, reveal that despite common goals, tools, and approaches put forward by Ontario municipalities in their Community Improvement Plans, the management of planning, funding, and redevelopment issues continues to be a challenge for many, resulting in some very proficient municipalities and numerous hopeful ones with limited capacity to address this demanding issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 25 years, Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become one of the core models of planning in North American cities. However, the implementation of TOD is still hindered by various barriers (institutional, political, economical, etc.) leading cities to develop specific policy tools to support TOD. But while TOD has generated a substantial body of research, literature has paid little attention to its implementation processes, from metropolitan-scale planning to local urban development projects, and the policy tools designed by governments to support TOD. To fill this gap, this paper shifts the focus by analysing the public policy tools used to support TOD implementation, based on a case study of Montreal. It argues that the inclusion of TOD in metropolitan-scale planning has led metropolitan government to develop new public action tools to support the implementation of TOD. It proposes a typology of these tools (regulatory, informative, institutional, good practices and project-based) and examines their differentiated uses and implementation. It demonstrates that these instruments--mostly incentives--are both mirrors and vectors of changes in the planning and governance of the Montreal city-region, favoring collective learning about TOD, new inter-institutional cooperation and shifts in planning practices. This work thus provides empirical evidence of the renewal of planning strategies and the diversification of public policy tools associated with transit-oriented development in Montreal. These are consistent with similar ongoing processes in other Canadian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’article présente plusieurs principes utilisés dans la conservation biologique (par les aires naturelles protégées) qui servent comme sources d’inspiration pour la conservation du patrimoine architectural. Sous l’influence du Club de Rome et sa théorie de « croissance zéro », l’idée de la conservation a été aperçue comme la préservation ou la conservation stricte, dans un état intact, incompatible avec le développement et, cependant, utopique. La nouvelle vue agit pour la maintenance dans un « état favorable » qui permet le développement et n’affecte pas la capacité de soutien des systèmes écologiques. Les principes examinés dans l’étude sont la conservation fonctionnelle (dans les limites des capacités de charge) permettant une gestion progressive des activités de conservation, le choix des bâtiments représentatifs à protéger, l’implication des communautés locales et le soutien international. L’idée centrale de l’article est que le soutien de la communauté locale est très important pour la conservation. Dans ce contexte, les principes de la conservation biologique – conservation fonctionnelle, gestion différentiée, représentativité, soutien local et international, zonage interne, coopération nationale et internationale – sont également applicables à la conservation du patrimoine architectural.

Comme dans de nombreux domaines technologiques et industriels, l’exploration et l’exploitation minières s’appuient sur des instruments censés prévoir et organiser les développements futurs et leurs conséquences. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à trois formes de mobilisation du futur dans le cadre de ces activités et de leurs contestations : 1) l’investissement, caractérisé par le calcul des profits futurs et la place centrale accordée aux risques susceptibles de les remettre en cause ; 2) l’anticipation, qui associe l’activité extractive à des considérations plus larges susceptibles de faire émerger des questionnements nouveaux et une autre définition des risques ; 3) la planification, qui consiste à organiser l’activité minière en fonction d’objectifs à atteindre, tels que le développement territorial, par exemple. En se fondant sur plusieurs terrains (France métropolitaine, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Guyane), cet article propose de montrer qu’une analyse des formes de mobilisation du futur permet de repenser le problème bien connu des relations entre les entreprises minières, l’environnement et les populations concernées.

The Tōhoku Pacific Coast earthquake on 11 March 2011 severely disrupted transport networks, suddenly jeopardising a large part of Japan, and prompting authorities to take fast action. Refugees and inhabitants of the affected areas were forced to adapt their transport needs. This unprecedented situation laid bare the need for a more resilient Japanese transportation infrastructure in order to significantly improve physical and social reconstruction capacity during an emergency situation. This paper analyses the damage and impact of the disaster on transport and its energy infrastructure, reviews the measures adopted, and assesses past and acquired resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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