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Introduction: The number of obese people in the world is increasing, as is the number of sarcopenic people among the older adults. Although both states are concerning, they can be positively influenced by selected behavioral factors such as adequate nutrition and physical activity. We were interested in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in active older people and the influence of behavioral factors on this phenomenon. Methods: The study included 38 older adults (21 women) with a mean age of 75.3 ± 5.0 years. Sarcopenic parameters were determined with different tests: Handgrip Test, Chair Stand Test, Gait Speed, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity level was measured using accelerometers, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and MEDLIFE Index questionnaire. Results: Of all included active participants (the average number of steps per day was 8,916 ± 3,543), 47.4% of them were obese. Of all included women, 52.4% were obese. Sarcopenic obesity was found in three (7.9%) participants. Nutritional status correlated with strength of lower extremities and physical performance tests (gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test and Short Physical performance battery). Higher number of steps per day positively correlates with physical performance. Discussion: Interestingly, we did not find any correlation between the main obesity parameter such as percent body fat or body mass index (and thus sarcopenic obesity) and any of the selected behavioral factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, or dietary habits). In conclusion, reaching the recommended levels of physical activity in older adults may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Soavtorji: Miloš Kalc, Manca Peskar, Saša Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Primož Pori. Opis vira z dne 2. 3. 2023. Bibliografija: str. 8-10. Abstract. EU, Program čezmejnega sodelovanja Slovenija-Italija 2007-2013, Telesna aktivnost in prehrana za kakovostno staranje, PANGeA ARRS, Raziskovalni programi, SI, Kineziologija za kakovost življenja ARRS, Aplikativni raziskovalni projekti, SI, Definicija neinvazivne metode vrednotenja mišične atrofije: od validacije do aplikacije

Introduction: It is well-known that regular physical activity, and thus an active lifestyle, has positive eects on aging and general wellbeing. However, the question remains as to whether regular or increased physical activity can improve self-perception of health status and quality of life in older adults. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study on a group of active older adults between 2013 and 2021. At baseline, i.e., the 1st measurements (baseline), 147 participants were enrolled (mean age 68.4 ± 5.6). After 8 years, in 2021 (follow up), 52 older adults (mean age 75.9 ± 5.3 years) were measured. For the purpose of this study, we included 52 older adults participated at both time-points. For both measurements, participants reported their physical activity and sedentary behavior using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), socio-demographic and environmental determinants, recording their self-perception in terms of overall wellbeing. Furthermore, we conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to obtain subjective data on the changes and events that may have aected physical abilities and general health over an 8-year period. Results: At the follow up, participants reported lower physical activity and sedentary behavior compared to baseline, but still met health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) standards for total self-reported physical activity (>3,000 METmin/week). In addition, they rated their overall health (p < 0.001), physical fitness (p < 0.001), psychological wellbeing (p < 0.001) and overall quality of life (p < 0.001) as better. The qualitative data confirmed that the 8-year period involved changes in physical activity. Specifically, they have continued to carry out physical work (gardening, working in the vineyards, olive groves), but previously organized physical activities were replaced by walks in nature, which probably also influenced the reduction of sedentary behavior. Conclusion: After 8 years, as expected, participants reported a decrease in physical activity and a lower level of sedentary behavior. It appears from the interview that healthy older adults filled their days with daily tasks and found more time for walking. Individuals who were more active in the past 8 years also reported better overall health and wellbeing. Selected variables correlated with an active lifestyle and better perceptions of quality of life. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Soavtorji: Saša Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot. Opis vira z dne 30. 8. 2022. Bibliografija: str. 9-10. Abstract. EU, Program čezmejnega sodelovanja Slovenija-Italija 2007-2013, Telesna aktivnost in prehrana za kakovostno staranje, PANGeA ARRS, Raziskovalni programi, SI, Kineziologija za kakovost življenja ARRS, Aplikativni projekti, SI, Definicija neinvazivne metode vrednotenja mišične atrofije: od validacije do aplikacije

The sports environment can be considered as a context characterized by interactions typical of social groups, where children have the chance to learn good values. Positive and negative behaviours in sports, also called prosocial and antisocial behaviours, have been studied according to a moral perspective, as has doping behaviour, taking into consideration the concept of moral disengagement. Moral disengagement in children has been associated with maladaptive behaviours later in life, even though it should disappear with growth. Concerning the sports environment, previous reviews on the topic have extensively illustrated the role of moral variables in sport and their relation to antisocial behaviour and doping, positing some research questions that should be investigated in the future. Starting from these questions, the current narrative review aims to update literature about the effects of moral disengagement on youth athletes. Therefore, new studies about the predictors of moral disengagement are introduced, followed by contributions concerning the relationship between moral disengagement and doping and between moral disengagement and antisocial behaviour. Finally, the review summarizes which research questions have been solved in the last decade and which should be researched further on.

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the temporary closure of educational institutions, affecting all students. This paper examines subjective perceptions of changes in everyday life practices (sleeping, eating, exercise, and other habits) of university students due to COVID-19 lockdown. Field research was conducted in Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia, an online survey (N = 1055) and semi-structured interviews (N = 30, 15 males, 15 students of sport-related study programs (SSP)) from 15 April to 27 July 2020. All students showed similar negative consequences on health-related daily practices (increase in sedentary time along with screen time, decrease in physical activity (PA), change in sleep patterns) than other populations. Most SSP students maintained the exercise routine also during the lockdown period despite they exercised significantly less due to the absence of practice and competitions. Some students in other majors even increased their PA because they had more time to establish new daily habits, but the majority of them who exercised highlighted minor negative changes (sleep disorder, overeating, etc.) than other students.

Introduction: Because healthy behaviors learned early in life are more likely to be maintained during adulthood, we aimed to investigate longitudinal changes of partici-pants that were regularly involved in extracurricular sport activities (athletes N = 7 4 boys) and those that were not (non-athletes, N = 6 3 boys)Methods: Participants of both groups were invited for re-assessment at the age of 27, in 2019, 12 years after they participated in a 5-year longitudinal study as adoles-cents (9–14 years of age, in the period 2001‒07). We investigated vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) contractile properties (tensiomyography), maximal running speed (photocells), anthropometric measures (bioimpedance), maximal vertical jump-ing height (squat and countermovement jumps on a ground reaction force plate), and lifestyle characteristics (GPAQ and EHIS surveys).Results: Based on Cohen’s d effect size we found that athletes have lower body mass index, higher maximal running speed, better maximal vertical jumping height, and shorter BF contraction time, not found in VL, compared to non-athletes. Further-more, athletes also exhibit healthier lifestyle characteristics such as lower sedentary time and higher daily energy expenditure than non-athletes. Athletes follow diet regi-mens consisting of more regular meals with more protein and indulge less in health-risk behavior (smoking and alcohol consumption). However, the self-perception of health and quality of life was lower in athletes than in non-athletes. Conclusion: EU regulations and the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemics pre-vented us from conducting a study on a more representative sample. Nevertheless, we could confirm that regular sport participation yields better physical performance and a healthier lifestyle but could also have a negative impact on health (injuries) and quality of life. Uvod: Namen raziskave je ugotoviti longitudinalne spremembe v skupini preisko-vancev, ki so se redno ukvarjali z obšolskimi športnimi dejavnostmi (skupina športnikov N = 7, 4 dečki), in tistih, ki se niso kontinuirano ukvarjali s športom (skupina nešportnikov, N = 6, 3 dečki). Metode: Udeleženci obeh skupin so bili povabljeni na ponovne meritve pri starosti 27 let, leta 2019, torej 12 let po tem, ko so bili v starosti od 9-14 let, v obdobju 2001-2007 vključeni v petletno longitudinalno študijo. Preučevali smo kontraktilne lastnosti mišic: vastus lateralis (VL) in biceps femoris (BF) (z metodo tenziomiografije), hitrost sprinta z letečim štartom (s fotokamerami), antropometrične podatke (z bioimpedanco), dosežek navpičnega skoka (skoki na tenziometrijski plošči s pomočjo in brez pomo-či rok) ter nekatere značilnosti življenjskega sloga (anketi GPAQ in EHIS). Rezultati: Na podlagi velikosti učinka (Cohenove d) smo ugotovili, da imajo špor-tniki v primerjavi z nešportniki nižji indeks telesne mase, večjo hitrost teka, boljšo zmo-gljivost vertikalnih skokov in krajši čas krčenja BF, kar pri VL nismo ugotovili. Poleg tega imajo športniki tudi bolj zdrave vzorce življenjskega sloga, manj sedijo in več gibajo (večja dnevna poraba energije) kot nešportniki. Nadalje prehrano športnikov sestavljajo bolj redni obroki z več beljakovinami, poleg tega imajo manj zdravju ne-varnih praks (kajenje in uživanje alkohola). Kljub temu pa so športniki svoje zdravje in kakovost življenja ocenili nižje kot nešportniki. Zaključek: Regulativni predpisi EU za področje varovanja osebnih podatkov (GDPR) kot tudi začetek pandemije COVID-19 so nas pri izvedbi študije na bolj repre-zentativnem vzorcu močno ovirali. Kljub temu smo lahko potrdili, da redno ukvarjanje s športom ohranja boljšo telesno zmogljivost, bolj zdrav življenjski slog, kar pa lahko vpliva na zdravje (poškodbe) in kakovost življenja.

Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation, and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to mitigate spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on psychosocial health is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from more than one thousand responders on social participation and life satisfaction. Methods: Thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia, and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in 7 languages (English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and Slovenian). Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. Results: 1047 participations (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%), and others (3%) were included in the analysis. Findings revealed psychosocial strain during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. Large decreases (p < 0.001) in the amount of social activity through family (%58%), friends/neighbors (%44.9%), or entertainment (%46.7%) were triggered by the enforced confinement. These negative effects on social participation were also associated with lower life satisfaction (%30.5%) during the confinement period. Conversely, the social contact score through digital technologies significantly increased (p < 0.001) during the confinement period with more individuals (+24.8%) being socially connected through digital technology. Conclusion: These preliminary findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the early COVID-19 home confinement period in 2020. Therefore, in order to mitigate the negative psychosocial effects of home confinement, implementation of national strategies focused on promoting social inclusion through a technology-based solution is strongly suggested.