1. Effects of self-monitoring of glucose on distress and self-efficacy in people with non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
- Author
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U.L. Malanda, Pieter J. Kostense, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Frank J. Snoek, Sandra D.M. Bot, Giel Nijpels, General practice, EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes, Epidemiology and Data Science, Medical psychology, and Medical Psychology
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Administration, Oral ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Urine ,Type 2 diabetes ,law.invention ,Diagnostic Self Evaluation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Patient Education as Topic ,Randomized controlled trial ,Glycosuria ,law ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Diet, Diabetic ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Netherlands ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,business.industry ,Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ,Insulin ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Self Efficacy ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Distress ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Patient Satisfaction ,Hyperglycemia ,business ,Stress, Psychological ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To investigate the effects of self-monitoring of glucose in blood or urine, on diabetes-specific distress and self-efficacy, compared with usual care in people with non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred and eighty-one participants with non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus [diabetes duration ≥ 1 year, age 45-75 years, HbA1c ≥ 53.0 mmol/mol (7.0%), self-monitoring frequency < 3 times in the previous year] were randomly assigned to blood self-monitoring (n = 60), urine self-monitoring (n = 59) or usual care (n = 62). Primary outcomes were between-group differences in diabetes-specific distress [Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID)] and self-efficacy [Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care questionnaire (CIDS-2)] after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in HbA1c , treatment satisfaction and depressive symptoms. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in changes in PAID and CIDS-2 after 12 months. Mean difference in PAID between blood monitoring and control was -2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) -7.1 to 2.7], between urine monitoring and control was -0.9 (95% CI -4.4 to 2.5) and between blood monitoring and urine monitoring was -2.0 (95% CI -4.1 to 0.1). Mean difference in CIDS-2 between blood monitoring and control was 0.6 [95% CI (-2.0 to 2.1), between urine monitoring and control was 2.8 (95% CI -2.3 to 7.9)] and between blood monitoring and urine monitoring was -3.3 (95% CI -7.9 to 1.3). No statistically significant between-group differences in change in any of the secondary outcome measures were found. This study did not find statistical or clinical evidence for a long-term effect of self-monitoring of glucose in blood or urine on diabetes-specific distress and self-efficacy in people with moderately controlled non-insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN84568563)
- Published
- 2015