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The retail industry has been making charitable donations for some time, although it has not received very much attention. Statistics show that charitable contributions have remained at a high level for some major retailers despite the economic recession. There are a number of factors for a retailer to take into consideration when making a contribution. These include the possible impact on corporate image and the risk of damage to the image. If a retailer makes a commitment to making charitable donations, there is a need for careful planning and organization of the activity. Assuming the concept of corporate giving is acceptable, recipient organizations must be chosen by whatever method or standards are chosen.

Exporters have been advised to focus on key markets. It is proposed that the key market concentration theory is incorrect for United Kingdom exporters. Strict adherence to this philosophy could eliminate potential markets. The proposed strategic alternative is market spreading. A strategic analysis of company factors, product-market factors, and marketing cost factors will determine if United Kingdom exporters should employ export key market concentration or export market spreading strategies. Key market concentration strategy can: bring increased risk, overestimate market stability, and ignore constraints imposed by competition, company policy, and market characteristics.