Search

Rationale: 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-O-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycines] (PHEGs) are a class of rare aminophospholipids found specifically in brown algae, including kombu seaweed. Despite their potential importance in algal physiology, a comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) characterization, useful to understand their biological behaviour, is still lacking., Methods: To establish the structural regiochemical features of PHEGs, we employed hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Following separation, the isolated band of PHEGs was analyzed using MS techniques. This included multistage tandem MS experiments, performed in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes at low and high resolution., Results: By comparing MS/MS and MS 3 spectra acquired in negative ion mode, the regiochemical rules for PHEG identification were established. The most abundant PHEG species in kombu seaweed, from both Laminaria ochroleuca (European Atlantic) and Laminaria longissima (Japan), was identified as PHEG 20:4/20:4. Less abundant species included PHEG 20:4/20:5 and hydroxylated forms of both PHEG 20:4/20:4 (i.e. 40:8;O) and 20:4/20:5 (40:9;O). The presence of a lyso PHEG 20:4 was consistently detected but at very low levels., Conclusions: This study employed MS analysis to elucidate the regiochemical patterns of PHEGs in kombu seaweed. We identified PHEG 20:4/20:4 as the dominant species, along with several less abundant variants, including hydroxylated forms. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential roles and metabolism of PHEGs in brown algae, paving the way for further investigation into their biological functions., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1 T , CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Aequorivita and close to the type strain of Aequorivita vitellina F4716 T (with similarities of 98.0-98.1%). Strain CDY1-MB1 T can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in media with pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7), and tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CDY1-MB1 T were iso-C 15 : 0 (20.7%) and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (12.8%); the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization/average nucleotide identity values between strains CDY1-MB1 T , CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2 and A. vitellina F4716 T were 24.7%/81.6-81.7%, thereby indicating that strain CDY1-MB1 T should represent a novel species of the genus Aequorivita . The genomic DNA G+C contents were 37.6 % in all three strains. Genomic analysis showed the presence of genes related to nitrogen and sulphur cycling, as well as metal reduction. The genetic traits of these strains indicate their possible roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification processes, potentially shaping the deep-sea ecosystem's health and resilience. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CDY1-MB1 T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Aequorivita , for which the name Aequorivita flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDY1-MB1 T (=MCCC 1A16935 T =KCTC 102223 T ).

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacterium, designated strain CC-CFT758 T , isolated from a maize-rice rotation agriculture field in Taiwan. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, positive for catalase and oxidase, and grow at 20-30 °C (optimal 30 ℃), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal 8.0), and with 0-4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the strain CC-CFT758 T belongs to the genus "Aliirhizobium" of the family Rhizobiaceae. The closest known relatives of this strain are "Aliirhizobium wenxiniae" 166 T (with 98.7% similarity), "Aliirhizobium cellulosilyticum" SEMIA 448 T (with 97.9% similarity), and "Aliirhizobium smilacinae" PTYR-5 T (with 97.0% similarity). The genome size was 5.9 Mbp, with a G + C content of 60.6%. Values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the strain and closely related species were 29.5% for "Ali. cellulosilyticum", and 23.9% for "Ali. wenxiniae" and "Ali. smilacinae". Strain CC-CFT758 T exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values with members of the genus "Aliirhizobium", ranging from 80.4 to 81.6% (n = 3). Chemotaxonomical analysis indicated that strain CC-CFT758 T contained C 16:0 , C 16:0 3OH, C 19:0 cyclo ω8c, C 14:0 3OH/iso-C 16:1 I, and C 18:2 ω6,9c/ante C 18:0 as dominant fatty acids, and the major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, seven unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids, and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain CC-CFT758 T exhibited distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as unique results in comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, OrthoANI, AAI, dDDH, and phylogenomic placement. Therefore, this strain represents a new species of the genus "Aliirhizobium", for which the name Aliirhizobium terrae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is CC-CFT758 T (= BCRC 81364 T  = JCM 35482 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain SYSU D00308 T , a short-rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, PR China. Strain SYSU D00308 T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pink-pigmented, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew at 4-37 ℃, pH 5.0-8.0 and 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses demonstrated that strain SYSU D00308 T belonged to the genus Rufibacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (97.4%) to Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3 T . Summed features 3, 4, and iso-C 15:0 were the major fatty acids, and menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the sole respiratory menaquinone. The polar lipid profiles comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified lipids. The genome size and DNA G + C content of strain SYSU D00308 T were 5,176,683 bp and 54.8%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU D00308 T and members of the genus Rufibacter were 77.7-81.8% and 20.4-23.4% respectively, which were less than the corresponding thresholds (ANI: 95-96%; dDDH: 70%) for prokaryotic species definition. According to the genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU D00308 T represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter. We propose the name, Rufibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., with SYSU D00308 T (= CGMCC 1.18621 T = KCTC 82275 T = MCCC 1K04970 T ) as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The strain designated NCCP-602 T was isolated from tannery effluent, and displayed aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped cells that were characterized by oxidase negative, catalase positive, and non-motile features. The most favourable growth conditions were observed at a temperature of 30°C, pH 7.0, and NaCl concentration of 1% (w/v). It tolerated heavy metals at high concentrations of chromium (3600 ppm), copper (3300 ppm), cadmium (3000 ppm), arsenic (1200 ppm) and lead (1500 ppm). The results of phylogenetic analysis, derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, indicated the position of strain NCCP-602 T within genus Brevibacterium and showed that it was closely related to Brevibacterium ammoniilyticum JCM 17537 T . Strain NCCP-602  T formed a robust branch that was clearly separate from closely related taxa. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and dDDH values between the closely related type strains and strain NCCP-602 T provided additional evidence supporting the classification of strain NCCP-602 T as a distinct novel genospecies. The polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phospholipids and amino lipids. MK-7 and MK-8 were found as the respiratory quinones, while anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 , iso-C 17:0 , and anteiso-C 17:0 were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%). Considering the convergence of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic traits, it is suggested that strain NCCP-602  T be classified as a distinct species Brevibacterium metallidurans sp. nov. within genus Brevibacterium with type strain NCCP-602 T (JCM 18882 T  = CGMCC1.62055 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, orange-coloured bacterial strains, designated strain C216 T and strain M2295, were isolated from mature mushroom compost from composting facilities in Victoria and South Australia, Australia, respectively. External structures such as flagella or pili were not observed on the cells under scanning electron microscopy. Optimal growth was found to occur at 45 °C, at pH 7.25 and in the absence of NaCl on Emerson's 350 YpSs medium. The genome sequence of strain C216 T was 3 342 126 bp long with a G+C content of 40.5 mol%. Functional analysis of the genome of strain C216 T revealed genes encoding chitinolytic and hemi-cellulolytic functions, with 166 predicted genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism (8.9% of the predicted genes). These functions are important for survival in the mushroom compost environment, which is rich in hemicelluloses. No antibiotic resistance genes were found in the genome sequence. The major fatty acids of strain C216 T were iso-C 15 : 0 (56.7%), iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (15.6%), C 16 : 1  ω 7 c /iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH (7.3%) and iso-C 15 : 1 G (6.1%). The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipid of strain C216 T was phosphatidylethanolamine, but three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids/aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on proteins encoded by the core genome (bac120, 120 conserved bacterial genes) showed that strain C216 T forms a distinct lineage in the family Chitinophagaceae and that the closest identified relative is Niabella soli (69.69% ANI). These data demonstrate that strain C216 T represents a novel genus and novel species within the family Chitinophagaceae , for which we propose the name Mycovorax composti . The type strain is C216 T (=DSM 114558 T =LMG 32998 T ).

To meet the high consumer demand, butter production has increased over the last few years. As a result, the buttermilk (BM) co-produced volumes require new ways of adding value, such as in cheese manufacturing. However, BM use in cheese milk negatively influences the cheesemaking process (e.g., altered coagulation properties) and the product's final quality (e.g., high moisture content). The concentration of BM by ultrafiltration (UF) could potentially facilitate its use in cheese manufacturing through an increased protein content while maintaining the milk salt balance. Simultaneously, little is known about the digestion of UF BM cheese. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact of UF BM on cheese manufacture, its structure, and its behavior during in vitro digestion. A 2-fold UF concentrated BM was used for cheese manufacture (skim milk [SM] - control). Compositional, textural, and microstructural analyses of cheeses were first conducted. In a second step, the cheeses were fed into an in vitro TNO gastrointestinal digestion model (TIM-1) of the stomach and small intestine and protein and phospholipid (PL) bioaccessibility was studied. The results showed that UF BM cheese significantly differed from SM cheese regarding its composition, hardness (p < 0.05) and microstructure. However, in TIM-1, UF BM and SM cheeses showed similar digestion behavior as a percentage of protein and PL intake. Despite relatively more non-digested and non-absorbed PL in the ileum efflux of UF BM cheese, the initially higher PL concentration contributes to an enhanced nutritional value compared to SM cheese. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the bioaccessibility of proteins and PL from UF BM and SM cheeses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Comprehensive lipid and volatile compound analyses were performed with squids collected from four varied geographical locations to discriminate the regional characteristics. A total of 1442 lipid molecules and 110 volatiles were detected in the squid muscle samples. There were significant differences in the lipid profiles between Argentine squid (Illex argentinus, AGT), North Pacific Ocean squid (Ommastrephes Bartram, NPO), Equatorial squid (Dosidicus gigas, EQ), and Peruvian squid (Dosidicus gigas, PR) muscle. Phosphatidylcholines (14.64%), triacylglycerols (12.42%), and ceramides (10.97%) were the main lipid components. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid in phospholipids and in glycerolipids were 30.35-52.05% and 18.11-25.15%, respectively. The volatiles in squids exhibited significant regional variation; 1-pentanol and 1-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and terpinen-4-ol, 2,7-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-methy-1-butanol and 2-propyl-1-pentanol were identified as characteristic flavor compounds in AGT, NPO, EQ, and PR, respectively. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and ceramide were strongly correlated with volatiles in squid muscle. Our study is a reference for the lipid nutritional value and flavor compounds of squids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Three closely related, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains (PS-2 T , PS-17, and PS-19) were isolated from the skin of freshwater pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia). Colonies are pinkish-colored. The optimum growth occurred at 28-30 °C, and the pH was 6.5-7. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1 ω7c, iso-C15.0, C17:1 ω8c, C18:1 ω7c, and C16:0. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and amino lipids. The genome size of strain PS-2 T is 4.8 Mbp, and the G + C content was 46.0%. The major fraction of genes were associated with biological processes (45.64%), followed by molecular function (29.86%) and cellular components (24.49%). The unique genes identified in strain PS-2 T secreted cyanophycinase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, methyltransferase, kynureninase, ADA regulatory protein, biphenyl degradation, thermostable carboxypeptidase 1, tetrathionate respiration, etc. In addition, alanine and glutamate racemases were present. The 16S rRNA gene sequences shared 98.83-99.24% similarity with the closely related type strains of Shewanella. The ANI and AAI of strain PS-2 T with reference type strains of the genus Shewanella were below 95-96%, and the corresponding dDDH values were below 70%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome-wide core genes revealed that strain PS-2 T clustered with Shewanella oneidensis LMG 19005 T in both phylogenetic trees. Based on the polyphasic analysis, the new isolates (PS-2 T , PS-17, and PS-19) represent a novel species of Shewanella, for which Shewanella cutis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PS-2 T (= TBRC 15838 T  = NBRC 115342 T )., (© 2023. Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.)

Objective: The family Paenibacillaceae is linked to the order Caryophanales. Paenibacillaceae members residing in compost or soil play crucial roles in nutrient recycling and breaking down complex organic materials. However, our understanding of Paenibacillaceae remains limited., Methods: Strain SYSU GA230002 T was conclusively identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach frequently utilized in bacterial systematics. Standard microbiological techniques were employed to characterize the morphology and biochemistry of strain SYSU GA230002 T ., Results: An anaerobic and gram--negative bacterium, designated SYSU GA230002 T , was isolated from geothermally heated soil of Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes showed that strain SYSU GA230002 T belongs to the family Paenibacillaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<94.0 %), ANI (<71.95 %) and AAI values (<58.67 %) between strain SYSU GA230002 T with other members of the family were lower than the threshold values recommended for distinguishing novel species. Growth was observed at 30-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl concentrations (optimum, 0 %). The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 17:0 . The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G + C content of strain SYSU GA230002 T was 49.87 %., Conclusion: Based on the results of morphological, physiological properties, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this strain is proposed to represent a new species of a new genus Ferviditalea candida gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is SYSU GA230002 T (=KCTC 25726 T  = GDMCC 1.4160 T )., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-strain-negative, aerobic, yellow-colored, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated IMCC34852 T , was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. Cellular growth occurred at 10-37 °C, pH 6.0-9.0, and with 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IMCC34852 T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that the strain was most closely related to F. cheonhonense ARSA-15  T (97.6%), F. buctense T7 T (96.7%), F. silvisoli RD-2-33  T (96.1%), and F. paronense KNUS1 T (96.1%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34852 T was 3.2 Mbp in size, with a DNA G + C content 37.3%. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34852 T and its related species were all below 79.8% and 22.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the thresholds of 95% for ANI and 70% for DDH for species delineation. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34852 T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 (32.6%), iso-C 16:0 (11.7%), iso-C 15:1 G (10.3%), and iso-C 14:0 (6.7%). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and six unidentified lipids. Based on these results, it was concluded that strain IMCC34852 T represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is IMCC34852 T (= KACC 23133  T  = KCTC 82066  T  = NBRC 114419  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain SYSU D60015 T that formed yellowish colonies was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Kumtag Desert in Xinjiang, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth optimum occurred between 28 and 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0-0.5% (W/V) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c), C 19:0 cyclo ω8c, C 18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C 16:0 . The polar lipid profile contained one phosphatidylethanolamine, one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU D60015 T was found to form a distinct linage within the family Sneathiellaceae, and had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90.8% to Taonella mepensis H1 T , and 90.2% to Ferrovibrio denitrificans S3 T . The genome of SYSU D60015 T was 5.66 Mb in size with 68.2% of DNA G + C content. The low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 18.0%), average nucleotide identity (ANI, 77.5%) and amino acid identity (AAI, 56.0%) values between SYSU D60015 T and Ferrovibrio terrae K5 T indicated that SYSU D60015 T might represent a distinct genus. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, we propose Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov. as a novel species of a new genus within the family Sneathiellaceae. The type strain is SYSU D60015 T (= NBRC 112952 T  = CGMCC 1.16256 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Functional mass spectrometry imaging (fMSI) is a potent tool for elucidating the spatial distribution of enzyme activities in tissues at high resolution. In this study, we applied fMSI to probe the intricate biosynthesis of phospholipids, which exist as thousands of molecular species in tissues and exhibit a unique distribution specific to cell type. By using deuterium- and 13 C-labeled substrates, we visualized the activities of key enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis, including glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAAT), lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLAT), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL). Additionally, we were able to visualize a two-step sequential enzyme reaction involving ACSL and LPLAT. This novel approach unveiled significant variations in enzyme activity distribution depending on the type of fatty acids used as substrates. It will also help to reveal the mechanisms underlying the formation of numerous phospholipid species.

Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek is a plant common in southern Bulgaria. The inflorescences were collected during June and September 2021, while their seeds were obtained in September 2021. The chemical and lipid composition of the inflorescences during the vegetation process of the plant were established. A significant decrease in total proteins (from 8.7 to 7.4%), glyceride oils (2.0-1.7%), and ash (4.5-4.2%) content was observed, while the amount of carbohydrates (72.3-77.2%) and fibers (28.7-35.8%) increased. During the vegetation of the plant, the content of oleic and linoleic acids increased up to 2-3 times, while the level of palmitic acid decreased. The lipids from the seeds were rich in oleic (53.0%) and palmitic (36.2%) acids. The tocopherol content in the oils of the inflorescences during vegetation increased from 58 to 110 mg/kg, and the content in the oil from the seeds was 260 mg/kg. The phospholipid content decreased during vegetation, and differences were observed in the composition between the inflorescences and the seeds. The high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phospholipids determine the nutritional and biological value of the oils isolated from Centaurea thracica , and contribute to their potential use in various directions.

A Gram-staining-negative, facultative aerobic, motile strain, designated strain ZSDE20 T , was isolated from the surface seawater of Qingdao offshore. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain ZSDE20 T , affiliated it to the genus Photobacterium. It was closely related to Photobacterium lutimaris DF-42  T (98.92% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Growth occurred at 4-28ºC (optimum 28ºC), pH 1.0-7.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of 1-7% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3%). The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c or/and C16:1 ω6c, 34.23%), summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and C18:1 ω6c, 10.36%) and C16:0 (20.05%). The polar lipids of strain ZSDE20 T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The DNA G + C content of strain ZSDE20 T was 45.6 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between ZSDE20 T and its reference species were lower than the threshold for species delineation (95-96%); in silico DNA-DNA hybridization further showed that strain ZSDE20 T had less than 70% similarity to its relatives. Based on the polyphasic evidences, strain ZSDE20 T is proposed as representing a novel species of the genus Photobacterium, for which the name Photobacterium pectinilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZSDE20 T (= MCCC 1K06283 T  = KCTC 82885  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Two Gram-staining-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped and phosphate-solubilizing strains designated SG2303 T and SG2305, were isolated from paddy soil in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SG2303 T and SG2305 represented a member of the genus Crenobacter within the family Neisseriaceae of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Strain SG2303 T displayed higher 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the genus Crenobacter ranging from 93.5 to 94.0%. Strains C. luteus YIM 78141 T and C. cavernae K1W11S-77 T were closest related to the isolated strains and were considered as type strains. Growth of strain SG2303 T occurred at 10-55 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0) and 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain SG2303 T and its closely related taxa were 76.1-78.2% and 20.5-22.1%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content was 62.2%. The quinone of strain SG2303 T was Q-8. The major fatty acids (> 10%) of strain SG2303 T were C 16:0 (30.6%), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c) (26.0%) and C 12:0 3OH (12.1%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phospholipids (PL), glycolipid (GL) and unidentified lipids (UL). Based on the results of the phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and morphological analysis, strain SG2303 T is recognized as a novel species of the genus Crenobacter, for which the name Crenobacter oryzisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG2303 T (= GDMCC 1.3970 T  = JCM 36468 T ). In addition, SG2303 T was also able of phosphorus solubilization and promoting the growth of rice seeds. Strain SG2303 T exhibited a relatively high dissolvable phosphorus content of 2.52 µg·mL - 1 ., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain TK19101 T , was isolated from the intermediate seawater of yellow vent in the shallow-sea hydrothermal system located near Kueishantao Island. The strain was found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0), and in 0-5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Strain TK19101 T was catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The predominant fatty acids (> 10%) in strain TK19101 T cells were C 16:0 , summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), and C 18:0 . The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain TK19101 T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of strain TK19101 T comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, and unknown polar lipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TK19101 T belonged to the genus Mesobacterium. Strain TK19101 T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557 T (97.48%). The estimated average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TK19101 T and the closest related species Mesobacterium pallidum MCCC M24557 T were 74.88% and 20.30%, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 63.49 mol%. On the basis of the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain TK19101 T has a unique phylogenetic status and represents a novel species of genus Mesobacterium, for which the name Mesobacterium hydrothermale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TK19101 T (= MCCC 1K08936 T  = KCTC 8354 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterial strains, designated F26243 T and F60267 T were isolated from coastal sediment in Weihai, China. Strains F26243 T and F60267 T were grown at 4-40 °C (optimum 33 °C), pH 7.0-9.5 and pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum at pH 7.0), in the presence of 1.0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5%) and 1.0-12.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0%), respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequences phylogenetic analysis showed that strains F26243 T and F60267 T are closely related to the genus Marinobacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarities to Marinobacter salexigens HJR7 T (97.7% and 98.0%, respectively), the similarity between two isolates was 96.7%. Strains F26243 T and F60267 T displayed genomic DNA G + C content of 53.6% and 53.8%, respectively. When compared to the M. salexigens HJR7 T , the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 83.7% and 84.1%, and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values were 79.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the only respiratory quinone detected in both isolates. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were summed feature 3 (comprising C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), C 16:0 and C 18:1 ω9c. The polar lipid profiles of strains F26243 T and F60267 T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on genomic characteristics, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, strains F26243 T and F60267 T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the names Marinobacter sediminicola sp. nov. and Marinobacter xiaoshiensis sp. nov. are proposed, the type strains are F26243 T (= KCTC 92640 T  = MCCC 1H01345 T ) and F60267 T (= KCTC 92638 T  = MCCC 1H01346 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Bacterial strain H4R21 T was isolated from beech rhizosphere soil sampled in the forest experimental site of Montiers (Meuse, France). It effectively weathers minerals, hydrolyses chitin and produces quorum sensing signal molecules. The strain is aerobic and Gram-stain-negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain H4R21 T belongs to the genus Collimonas with high sequence similarity to C. arenae Ter10 T (99.38 %), C. fungivorans Ter6 T (98.97 %), C. pratensis Ter91 T (98.76 %), C. humicola RLT1W51 T (98.46 %) and C. silvisoli RXD178 T (98.46 %), but less than 98 % similarity to other strains of the genus Collimonas . The predominant quinone in H4R21 T is ubiquinone-8 (Q8). The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and lipid. The major fatty acids identified were C 12 : 0 , C 12:0 3-OH, C 16  :  0 and C 17:0  cyclo. The digital DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.5 mol%. Furthermore, the strain could be clearly distinguished from its closely related type strains by a combination of phylogenomic and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization results, and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, strain H4R21 T represents a novel species within the genus Collimonas , for which the name Collimonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain H4R21 T (=CFBP 9203 T =DSM 117599 T ) as the type strain.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium, designated strain WY-16 T . Growth was observed at 20-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7) and salinity of 0-3 % (w/v; optimum, 1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences indicated that WY-16 T was affiliated to the family Microbacteriaceae and most closely related to Salinibacterium xinjiangense and Salinibacterium amurskyense . The average nucleotide identity values between strain WY-16 T and S. xinjiangense and S. amurskyense were 74.7 and 72.5 %, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain WY-16 T and S. xinjiangense and S. amurskyense were 19.6 and 18.6 %, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 10-methyl. The major menaquinones were MK-12, MK-13, MK-14 and MK-15. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid and ribose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose were the major cell-wall sugars. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain WY-16 T represents a novel species in the genus Salinibacterium , for which the name Salinibacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WY-16 T (=GDMCC 1.4011 T =JCM 36421 T ).

Strain T-12 T , an orange, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped strain, was isolated in November 2013 from water samples collected from an Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) fry culturing system at a fish farm in Chile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences (1394 bp) revealed that strain T-12 T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium , showing close relationships to Flavobacterium bernardetii F-372 T (99.48 %) and Flavobacterium terrigena DS-20 T (98.50 %). The genome size of strain T-12 T was 3.28 Mb, with a G+C content of 31.1 mol%. Genome comparisons aligned strain T-12 T with Flavobacterium bernardetii F-372 T (GCA&#95;011305415) and Flavobacterium terrigena DSM 17934 T (GCA&#95;900108955). The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 42.6 % with F. bernardetii F-372 T (GCA&#95;011305415) and 33.9 % with F. terrigena DSM 17934 T (GCA&#95;900108955). Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations were below the species cutoff, with the best results with F. bernardetii F-372 T being: ANIb, 90.33 %; ANIm, 91.85 %; and TETRA, 0.997 %. These dDDH and ANI results confirm that strain T-12 T represents a new species. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and C 15 : 1 ω6 с . Detected polar lipids included phospholipids ( n =2), aminophospholipid ( n =1), aminolipid ( n =1) and unidentified lipids ( n =2). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK7 (80 %) followed by MK-6 (20 %). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data support the classification of strain T-12 T (=CECT 30410 T =RGM 3222 T ) as representing a novel species of Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium facile sp. nov. is proposed.

Six novel bacterial strains, designated N016 T , N017, N022 T , N028, N056 T , and N064, were isolated from soil sampled on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Cells were aerobic, orange or yellow, globular or rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. All the isolates were salt-tolerant and could grow in the range of 4-42 °C. Results of phylogenomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genomic genes showed that the three pairs of strains (N016 T /N017, N022 T /N028, and N056 T /N064) were closely related to the members of the genus Planococcus , and clustered with Planococcus ruber , Planococcus glaciei , and Planococcus chinensis . The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of the six novel strains with other members of the genus Planococcus were within the ranges of 18.7-53 % and 70.58-93.49 %, respectively, all below the respective recommended thresholds of 70.0 % and 95-96 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of the six strains ranged from 43.5 to 46.0 mol%. The major fatty acids of the six strains were anteiso -C 15 : 0 , iso -C 14 : 0 , and C 16 : 1  ω 7 c alcohol. The predominant polar lipids of strains N016 T , N022 T , and N056 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Menaquinones 7 and 8 were the respiratory quinones. The results of the above analyses indicated that the six strains represent three novel species of the genus Planococcus , for which the names Planococcus shenhongbingii sp. nov. (type strain N016 T =GDMCC 1.4062 T =JCM 36224 T ), Planococcus shixiaomingii sp. nov. (type strain N022 T =GDMCC 1.4063 T =JCM 36225 T ), and Planococcus liqunii sp. nov. (type strain N056 T =GDMCC 1.4064 T =JCM 36226 T ) are proposed.

A bacterial strain designated PU5-4 T was isolated from the mealworm (the larvae of Tenebrio molitor ) intestines. It was identified to be Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, and non-spore-forming. Strain PU5-4 T was observed to grow at 10-40 °C, at pH 7.0-10.0, and in the presence of 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain PU5-4 T should be assigned to the genus Sphingobacterium . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain PU5-4 T was closely related to the type strains of Sphingobacterium lactis DSM 22361 T (98.49 %), Sphingobacterium endophyticum NYYP31 T (98.11 %), Sphingobacterium soli NCCP 698 T (97.69 %) and Sphingobacterium olei HAL-9 T (95.73 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ) and summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 0  ω 9 c ). The polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, and six unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain PU5-4 T is 40.24 mol%. The average nucleotide identity of strain PU5-4 T exhibited respective values of 73.88, 73.37, 73.36 and 70.84 % comparing to the type strains of S. lactis DSM 22361 T , S. soli NCCP 698 T , S. endophyticum NYYP31 T and S. olei HAL-9 T , which are below the cut-off level (95-96 %) for species delineation. Based on the above results, strain PU5-4 T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium temoinsis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PU5-4 T (=CGMCC 1.61908 T =JCM 36663 T ).

A bacterial strain, designated S6 T , was isolated from the sandy soil on a rocky mountain in South China. Cells of S6 T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and non-prosthecae-producing. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the highest similarities to 12 uncultured bacteria, followed by Phenylobacterium sp. B6.10-61 (97.14 %). The closest related validly published strains are Caulobacter henricii ATCC 15253 T (96.15 %), Phenylobacterium conjunctum FWC 21 T (96.08 %) and Caulobacter mirabilis FWC 38 T (96.08 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, genome and proteome sequences demonstrated that S6 T formed a separated lineage in the genus Phenylobacterium . Strain S6 T contained Q-10 (97.5 %) as the major ubiquinone and C 18 : 1  ω7 c and C 16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. The assembled genome comprises a chromosome with a length of 5.5 Mb and a plasmid of 96 014 bp. The G+C content was 67.6 mol%. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus it is proposed that strain S6 T represents a novel species in the genus Phenylobacterium , for which the name Phenylobacterium montanum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S6 T (=NBRC 115419 T =GCMCC 1.18594 T ).

A Gram-negative, ellipsoidal to short-rod-shaped, motile bacterium was isolated from Beijing's urban air. The isolate exhibited the closest kinship with Noviherbaspirillum aerium 122213-3 T , exhibiting 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes showed that it clustered closely with N. aerium 122213-3 T , thus forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Noviherbaspirillum . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain I16B-00201 T and N. aerium 122213-3 T were 84.6 and 29.4 %, respectively. The respiratory ubiquinone was ubiquinone 8. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6 c /C 16:1 ω7 c , 43.3 %), summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7 c /C 18:1 ω6 c , 15.9 %) and C 12:0 (11.0 %). The polyamine profile showed putrescine as the predominant compound. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, unknown lipids and unknown phosphatidylaminolipids. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results consistently supported that strain I16B-00201 T represented a novel species of the genus Noviherbaspirillum , for which the name Noviherbaspirillum album sp. nov. is proposed, with I16B-00201 T (=CPCC 100848 T =KCTC 52095 T ) designated as the type strain. Its DNA G+C content is 59.4 mol%. Pan-genome analysis indicated that some Noviherbaspirillum species possess diverse nitrogen and aromatic compound metabolism pathways, suggesting their potential value in pollutant treatment.

Two novel strain pairs (HM61 T /HM23 and S-34 T /S-58) were isolated from soil and the faeces of Tibetan antelope ( Pantholops hodgsonii ) collected at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China. All four new isolates were aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and short rod-shaped bacteria. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA genes and 283 core genomic genes indicated that the four strains were separated into two independent branches belonging to the genus Nocardioides . Strains HM61 T and HM23 were most closely related to Nocardioides pelophilus THG T63 T (98.58 and 98.65 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strains S-34 T and S-58 were most closely related to Nocardioides okcheonensis MMS20-HV4-12 T (98.89 and 98.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains HM61 T and S-34 T were 70.6 and 72.5 mol%, respectively. Strains HM61 T , S-34 T and the type strains of closely related species in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 75.4-90.5 % as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 20.1 and 40.8 %, which clearly indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Nocardioides . The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strains HM61 T and S-34 T were consistent with the genus Nocardioides . The major fatty acids of all four strains were iso -C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 1  ω 8 c or C 18 : 1  ω 9 c . For strains HM61 T and S-34 T , MK-8(H 4 ) was the predominant respiratory quinone, ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the polar lipids profiles were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, we propose that strains HM61 T and S-34 T represent two novel species of the genus Nocardioides , respectively, with the names Nocardioides bizhenqiangii sp. nov. and Nocardioides renjunii sp. nov. The type strains are HM61 T (=GDMCC 4.343 T =JCM 36399 T ) and S-34 T (=CGMCC 4.7664 T =JCM 33792 T ).

Estuaries are considered as key habitats for the early life stages of fish. However, in the face of massive destruction of many estuarine intertidal areas, management and conservation measures are needed. Fish condition indicators may be used as a proxy of habitat quality and provide valuable information for management of coastal areas. In this study, the larvae of golden mullet (Chelon auratus) and European glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) were sampled in three sites of the Gironde Estuary. Different lipid classes and fatty acids were quantified: phospholipids (globally, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine), triglycerides, omega-3 (particularly docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids), omega-6 and C18:1. These biomarkers provide information on the nutritional status of the larvae as well as on prey availability and larvae diet between sites. One site significantly differed from the others as it seemed to offer abundant and better-quality prey. The very high levels of omega-3 contained in mullet larvae suggested that this site provided a high amount of diatoms. However, the mullet larvae that colonized this site also showed physiological stress that could be explained by exposure to pollutants through their prey. This work constitutes an essential baseline for developing biomarkers to assess the quality of habitats in a global change context., (© 2024 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)

Context: The changes in host membrane phospholipids are crucial in airway infection pathogenesis. Phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes host cell membranes, producing lyso-phospholipids and free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), which contributes significantly to lung inflammation., Aim: Follow these changes and their evolution from day 1, day 3 to day 7 in airway aspirates of 89 patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and examine whether they correlate with the severity of the disease. The patients were recruited in three French intensive care units. The analysis was conducted from admission to the intensive care unit until the end of the first week of mechanical ventilation., Results: In the airway aspirates, we found significant increases in the levels of host cell phospholipids, including phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and their corresponding lyso-phospholipids. This was accompanied by increased levels of AA and its inflammatory metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Additionally, enhanced levels of ceramides, sphingomyelin, and free cholesterol were observed in these aspirates. These lipids are known to be involved in cell death and/or apoptosis, whereas free cholesterol plays a role in virus entry and replication in host cells. However, there were no significant changes in the levels of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, the major surfactant phospholipid. A correlation analysis revealed an association between mortality risk and levels of AA and PGE2, as well as host cell phospholipids., Conclusion: Our findings indicate a correlation between heightened cellular phospholipid modifications and variations in AA and PGE2 with the severity of the disease in patients. Nevertheless, there is no indication of surfactant alteration in the initial phases of the illness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Human milk phospholipids (HMPLs) play an indispensable role in the neurodevelopment and growth of infants. In this study, a total of 37 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) species and 139 phospholipid molecular species were detected from human milk and other natural phospholipid sources (including 5 animal-derived species and 2 plant species). Moreover, a similarity evaluation model for HMPLs was established, including phospholipid classes, PLFAs, and phospholipid molecular species, to evaluate their natural substitutes. The closest scores for HMPL substitute in these three dimensions was 0.89, 0.72, and 0.77, which belonged to mare milk, goat milk, and camel milk, respectively. The highest comprehensive similarity score was obtained by camel milk at 0.75, while the lowest score was observed in soybean phospholipid (0.22). Therefore, these results not only monitored the stereochemical structure of HMPLs and their substitutes, but also further provided new insights for the development of infant formulae., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Author Hong Zhang, Xuebing Xu, and Ruihua Guo were employed by Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The lipids and volatile compounds in pork from different parts, including the loin, belly, shoulder and hind leg were analyzed by triple quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF/MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Pearson correlation analysis were utilized to establish the relationship between the lipids and volatile compounds. A total of 8 main flavour substances, 38 main phospholipids, and 32 main fatty acids were identified. The results showed that the key flavour compounds were mainly derived from unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:2n6c), α-Linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), PE O (18:1/20:4), PE O (18:2/20:4), and PE O (18:2/18:2), etc. Understanding the relationship between flavour compounds and lipids of pork will be helpful to control the quality of pork., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes has rapidly increased. Taking into account, that elevated intracellular lipid concentrations, as well as their metabolism, are correlated with diminished insulin sensitivity, in this study we would like to show lipids spectroscopy markers of diabetes. For this purpose, serum collected from rats (animal model of diabetes) was analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Analyzed spectra showed that rats with diabetes presented higher concentration of phospholipids and cholesterol in comparison with non-diabetic rats. Moreover, the analysis of second (II nd ) derivative spectra showed no structural changes in lipids. Machine learning methods showed higher accuracy for II nd derivative spectra (from 65 % to 89 %) than for absorbance FTIR spectra (53-65 %). Moreover, it was possible to identify significant wavelength intervals from II nd derivative spectra using random forest-based feature selection algorithm, which further increased the accuracy of the classification (up to 92 % for phospholipid region). Moreover decision tree based on the selected features showed, that peaks at 1016 cm -1 and 2936 cm -1 can be good candidates of lipids marker of diabetes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The major lipids and antioxidant activities of Asterias rolleston gonad lipids were evaluated systematically. Major lipids of A. Rolleston gonad lipids were triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs). Total lipids were composed of 15.62% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and 40.81% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). The most abundant PUFA were C20:5n-3 (EPA) (6.28%) and C22:6n-3 (DHA) (5.80%). Predominantly composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), polar lipids were rich in PUFAs and could contain up to 34.59% EPA and DHA, and PE and PI (phosphatidylinositol) were also found to be the main carriers of EPA and ARA (arachidonic acid) in polar lipids. The MUFA and PUFA of Sn-2 in TAG are 39.72% and 30.37%, respectively. A total of 64 TAG species were identified, with Eo-P-M, Eo-Eo-M, and M-M-Eo being the main TAGs components. Moreover, A. rollestoni gonad lipids exhibited potent radical scavenging activities and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Milk phospholipids have multiple health benefits, but the deficiency of detailed phospholipid profiles in dairy products brings obstacles to intake calculation and function evaluation of dairy phospholipids. In present study, 306 phospholipid molecular species were identified and quantified among 207 milk, yogurt and cream products using a HILIC-ESI-Q-TOF MS and a HILIC-ESI-QQQ MS. The phospholipid profiles of five mammals' milk show that camel milk contains the most abundant phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin; cow, yak and goat milk have similar phospholipidomes, while buffalo milk contains abundant phosphatidylinositol. Fewer plasmalogens but more lyso-glycerolphospholipids were found in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilized milk than in pasteurized milk, and higher proportions of lyso-glycerolphospholipid/total phospholipid were observed in both cream and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk than whole milk, indicating that UHT and skimming processes improve glycerolphospholipid degradation and phospholipid nutrition loss. Meanwhile, more diacyl-glycerolphospholipids and less of their degradation products make yogurt a better phospholipid resource than whole milk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile strain HL-JVS1 T , was isolated from the gastric tract of a juvenile Pacific white shrimp. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain HL-JVS1 T revealed its affiliation with the genus Pleionea, with close relatives including Pleionea mediterranea MOLA115 T (97.5%) and Pleionea sediminis S1-5-21 T (96.2%). The complete genome of strain HL-JVS1 T consisted of a circular 4.4 Mb chromosome and two circular plasmids (6.6 and 35.0 kb) with a G + C content of 43.1%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HL-JVS1 T and the type strains of described Pleionea species were 69.7-70.4% and 18.3-18.6%, respectively. Strain HL-JVS1 T grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) in the presence of 0.5 - 9.0% (w/v) sea salts (optimum, 2.0 - 2.5%), and at pH range of 5.5 - 10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5). The major fatty acids (> 10%) were summed feature 9 (iso-C 17:1 ω9c and/or C 16:0 10-methyl) (23.3%), iso-C 16:0 (14.5%), iso-C 11:0 3-OH (13.8%) and iso-C 15:0 (11.0%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and two unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The comprehensive phylogenetic, phylogenomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results showed that strain HL-JVS1 T is distinct from other Pleionea species. Hence, we propose strain HL-JVS1 T as a novel species belonging to the genus Pleionea, for which the name Pleionea litopenaei sp. nov. is proposed with HL-JVS1 T (= KCCM 90514 T  = JCM 36490 T ) as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated as FTW29 T , was isolated from surface seawater sampled in Futian district, Shenzhen, China. Growth of strain FTW29 T was observed at 15-42 ℃ (optimum, 28-30 ℃), pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 5.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0.5-10% NaCl (optimum, 3.0% NaCl). Strain FTW29 T showed 95.0-96.8% 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarity to various type strains of the genera Thioclava, Sinirhodobacter, Rhodobacter, Haematobacter and Frigidibacter of the family Paracoccaceae, and its most closely related strains were Thioclava pacifica DSM 10,166 T (96.8%) and Thioclava marina 11.10-0-13 T (96.7%). The phylogenomic tree constructed on the bac120 gene set showed that strain FTW29 T formed a clade with the genus Thioclava, with a bootstrap value of 100%. The evolutionary distance values between FTW29 T and type strains of the genus Thioclava were 0.17-0.19, which are below the recommended standard (0.21-0.23) for defining a novel genus in the family Paracoccaceae. In strain FTW29 T , the major fatty acids identified were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c) and C 16:0, and the predominant respiratory quinones were ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinone-9. The composition of polar lipids in strain FTW29 T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified lipid. The genome of strain FTW29 T comprised one circle chromosome and six plasmids, with a G + C content of 61.4%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FTW29 T and seven type strains of the genus Thioclava were 76.6-78.4%, 53.2-56.4% and 19.3-20.4%, respectively. Altogether, the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence illustrated in this study suggested that strain FTW29 T represents a novel species of the genus Thioclava, with the proposed name Thioclava litoralis sp. nov. The type strain is FTW29 T (= KCTC 82,841 T  = MCCC 1K08523 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobe, rod-shaped strain JX-1 T was isolated from UASB sludge treating landfill leachate in Wuhan, China. The isolate is capable of growing under conditions of pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), temperature 4-42 ℃ (optimum, 20-30 ℃), 0-8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5.0%), and ammonia nitrogen concentration of 200-5000 mg/L (optimum, 500 mg/L) on LB plates. The microorganism can utilize malic acid, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, inosine, and L-glutamic acid as carbon sources, but does not reduce nitrates and nitrites. The major fatty acids are C 18:1 ω7c/C 18:1 ω6c, iso-C 15:0 , and anteiso-C 15:0 . The respiratory quinones are Q9 (91.92%) and Q8 (8.08%). Polar lipids include aminolipid, aminophospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phospholipid. Compared with other strains, strain JX-1 T and Denitrificimonas caeni HY-14 T have the highest values in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.79%), average nucleotide identity (ANI; 76.06%), and average amino acid identity (AAI; 78.89%). Its digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) result is 20.3%. The genome of strain JX-1 T , with a size of 2.78 Mb and 46.12 mol% G + C content, lacks genes for denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), but contains genes for ectoine synthesis as a secondary metabolite. The results of this polyphasic study allow genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the analysed strain from the closest related species and confirm that the strain represents a novel species within the genus Denitrificimonas, for which the name Denitrificimonas halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed with JX-1 T (= MCCC 1K08958 T  = KCTC 8395 T ) as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Phospholipids are the essential components of human milk, contributing to the enhancement of cognitive development, regulation of immune functions, and mitigation of elevated cholesterol levels. Infant formulas supplemented with phospholipids can change the composition, content, and globule membrane structure of milk lipids, improving their digestive properties and nutritional value. However, mimicking phospholipids in infant formulas is currently limited, and the supplemented standards of phospholipid species and amounts in infant formulas are unknown. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the phospholipids in infant formulas and those in human milk. This article reviews the recent progress in human milk phospholipid research, aiming to describe the composition, content, and positive effects of human milk phospholipids, as well as summarises the dietary sources of phospholipid supplementation and the current state of human milk phospholipid mimicking in infant formulas. This review provides clear directions for research on mimicking human milk phospholipids and evaluating the nutritional functions of phospholipids in infants.

A bacterium, designated strain T21 T , that is non-motile, rod-shaped, and formed pale white colonies, was isolated from the sludge of a wastewater treatment plant's secondary sedimentation tank in China. Strain T21 T could grow at 20-40 °C (optimum growth at 30 °C), pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum growth at pH 5.0) and in the presence of 0-8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth at 2.0%). Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences, the isolate belongs to the genus Tessaracoccus in the phylum Actinomycetota. It exhibited a close relationship with Tessaracoccus palaemonis J1M15 T , Tessaracoccus defluvii LNB-140 T , Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39 T , and Tessaracoccus coleopterorum HDW20 T . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities are 99.8%, 97.9%, 97.9%, and 97.8%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 and C 16:0 . The main respiratory quinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, and phospholipid. Genome annotation of strain T21 T predicted the presence of 2829 genes, of which 2754 are coding proteins and 59 are RNA genes. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.2%. Based on the results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, we propose the name Tessaracoccus lacteus sp. nov. for this novel species within the genus Tessaracoccus. The type strain is T21 T (=CCTCC AB 2023031 T  = KCTC 49936 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain MP-1014 T , an obligate halophilic actinobacterium, was isolated from the mangrove soil of Thandavarayancholanganpettai, Tamil Nadu, India. A polyphasic approach was utilized to explore its phylogenetic position completely. The isolate was Gram-positive, filamentous, non-motile, and coccoid in older cultures. Ideal growth conditions were seen at 30 °C and pH 7.0, with 5% NaCl (W/V), and the DNA G + C content was 73.3%. The phylogenic analysis of this strain based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed 97-99.8% similarity to the recognized species of the genus Isoptericola. Strain MP-1014 T exhibits the highest similarity to I. sediminis JC619 T (99.7%), I. chiayiensis KCTC19740 T (98.9%), and subsequently to I. halotolerans KCTC19646 T (98.6%), when compared with other members within the Isoptericola genus (< 98%). ANI scores of strain MP-1014 T are 86.4%, 84.2%, and 81.5% and dDDH values are 59.7%, 53.6%, and 34.8% with I. sediminis JC619 T , I. chiayiensis KCTC19740 T and I. halotolerans KCTC19646 T respectively. The major polar lipids of the strain MP-1014 T were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphotidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, and glycolipids. The predominant respiratory menaquinones were MK 9 (H 4 ) and MK 9 (H 2 ). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , iso-C 14:0 , C 15:0, and C 16:0 . Also, initial genome analysis of the organism suggests it as a biostimulant for enhancing agriculture in saline environments. Based on phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness, the strain MP-1014 T represents the novel species of the genus Isoptericola assigned Isoptericola haloaureus sp. nov., is addressed by the strain MP-1014 T , given its phenotypic, phylogenetic, and hereditary uniqueness. The type strain is MP-1014 T [(NCBI = OP672482.1 = GCA&#95;036689775.1) ATCC = BAA 2646 T ; DSMZ = 29325 T ; MTCC = 13246 T ]., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Strain ZW T0&#95;25 T was isolated from an onion sample (Allium cepa var. Hytech F1) within a storage trial and proofed to be a novel, aerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and of the whole draft genome sequences, i.e., digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) showed that this strain represents a new species of the genus Bosea. The genome size of strain ZW T0&#95;25 T is 6.19 Mbp, and the GC content is 66.9%. As whole cell sugars, rhamnose, ribose and glucose were identified. Ubiquinone Q-10 is the major respiratory quinone with 97.8%. Polar lipids in strain ZW T0&#95;25 T are composed of one phosphatidylethanolamine, one phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophospholipid, two aminolipids, one glycolipid and two phospholipids whereas the fatty acid profile predominantly consists of C18:1 w7c (63.3%), C16:1 w7c (19.5%) and C16:0 (7.1%). Phenotypic traits were tested in the wet lab as well as predicted in silico from genome data. Therefore, according to this polyphasic approach, the new name Bosea rubneri sp. nov. with the type strain ZW T0&#95;25 T (= DSM 116094  T  = LMG 33093  T ) is proposed., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Two novel Gram-stain-negative strains designated P7 T and P8 T , were isolated from the soil of a paddy field in Goyang, Republic of Korea, and identified as new species within the genus Roseateles through a polyphasic taxonomic approach. These aerobic, rod-shaped, non-sporulating strains demonstrated optimal growth at 30 °C, pH 7, and in the absence of NaCl (0% w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated close relationships with Roseateles saccharophilus DSM654 T (98.7%) and Roseateles puraquae CCUG 52769 T (98.96%), respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the isolates with the most closely related strains with publicly available whole genomes were 82.0-85.5% and 25.0-30.2%, respectively. The predominant fatty acids identified were C 16:0 and summed feature 3 (composed of C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c), with minor amounts of C 12:0 , C 10:0 3-OH and summed feature 8 (composed of C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c; 26.4%). Ubiquinone 8 was the main quinone, and the polar lipid profile included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phosphoaminolipids, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, and one unidentified aminolipid. The draft genome sequences revealed genomic DNA G + C contents of 70.1% for P7 T and 68.2% for P8 T . Comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses confirm these isolates as novel species of the genus Roseateles, proposed to be named Roseateles caseinilyticus sp. nov for strain P7 T (= KACC 22504 T  = TBRC 15694 T ) and Roseateles cellulosilyticus sp. nov. for strain P8 T (= KACC 22505 T  = TBRC 15695 T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated as YPD9-1 T , was isolated from the gut contents of a spotty belly greenling, Hexagrammos agrammus , collected near Dokdo island, South Korea. The rod-shaped cells were oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 and iso-C 17: 0 . The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of YPD9-1 T showed low sequence similarities to species of the genus Paenibacillus , Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138 T (97.21 % of sequence similarity), Paenibacillus aestuarii CJ25 T (97.12 %) and Paenibacillus allorhizoplanae JJ-42 T (96.89 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YPD9-1 T formed a distinct branch among other species of the genus Paenibacillus . The digital DNA-DNA hybridisation, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between YPD9-1 T and the related species were in the ranges of 15.3-16.2 %, 74.1-78.4 %, and 71.1-71.9 %, respectively, which are below the species cutoff values. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain YPD9-1 T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus hexagrammi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Paenibacillus hexagrammi is YPD9-1 T (=KCTC 43424 T =LMG 32988 T ).

During a study on the diversity of culturable actinobacteria from coastal halophytes in Thailand, strain LSe6-5 T was isolated from leaves of sea purslane ( Sesuvium portulacastrum L.), and a polyphasic approach was employed to determine its taxonomic position. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis indicated that the strain was most closely related to Klenkia brasiliensis Tu 6233 T (99.2 %), Klenkia marina YIM M13156 T (99.1 %), and Klenkia terrae PB261 T (98.7 %). The genome of strain LSe6-5 T was estimated to be 4.33 Mbp in size, with DNA G+C contents of 74.3%. A phylogenomic tree based on whole-genome sequences revealed that strain LSe6-5 T formed a clade with Klenkia marina DSM 45722 T , indicating their close relationship. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI)-blast, ANI-MUMmer, and dDDH values between strain LSe6-5 T with K. marina DSM 45722 T (87.1, 88.9, and 33.0 %) were below the thresholds of 95-96 % ANI and 70 % dDDH for identifying a novel species. Furthermore, strain LSe6-5 T showed morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Klenkia . Cells were motile, rod-shaped, and Gram-stain-positive. Optimal growth of strain LSe6-5 T occurred at 28 °C, pH 7.0, and 0-3 % NaCl. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso -diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with galactose, glucose, mannose, and ribose as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H 4 ) and MK-9(H 0 ). The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified lipid. Major cellular fatty acids were iso -C 15 : 0 , iso -C 16 : 0 , and iso -C 17 : 0 . From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is supported that strain LSe6-5 T represents a novel species of the genus Klenkia , for which the name Klenkia sesuvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain LSe6-5 T (=TBRC 16417 T = NBRC 115929 T ).

Two bacteria, UG2&#95;1 T and UG2&#95;2, were isolated from the gill tissues of the mangrove fiddler crab Cranuca inversa collected on the east coast of the Red Sea (Thuwal, Saudi Arabia). The cells are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented, motile by gliding with no flagella, strictly aerobic, and grow at 20-37 °C (optimum, 28-35 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0), and with 1-11 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %). They were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that isolates UG2&#95;1 T and UG2&#95;2 belong to the genus Mangrovimonas , showing the highest similarity to Mangrovimonas spongiae HN-E26 T (99.4 %). Phylogenomic analysis based on the whole genomes, independently using 49 and 120 concatenated genes, showed that strains UG2&#95;1 T and UG2&#95;2 formed a monophyletic lineage in a different cluster from other type strain species within the genus Mangrovimonas . The genome sizes were 3.08 and 3.07 Mbp for UG2&#95;1 T and UG2&#95;2, respectively, with a G+C content of 33.8 mol% for both strains. Values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the strains and closely related species were 91.0 and 43.5 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that both strains had iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 1 G as dominant fatty acids, and the primary respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6. The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and four unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic, genome relatedness, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomical data, the two isolates represent a novel species within the genus Mangrovimonas , with the proposed name Mangrovimonas cancribranchiae sp. nov., and the type strain UG2&#95;1 T (=KCTC 102158 T =DSM 117025 T ).

Strain I65 T (=KACC 22647 T =JCM 35315 T ), a novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and orange-pigmented bacterium was isolated from influent water of a wastewater treatment system after treatment with several antibiotics, such as meropenem, gentamicin, and macrolide. The newly identified bacterial strain I65 T exhibits significant multi-drug and heavy metal resistance characteristics. Strain I65 T was grown in Reasoner's 2A medium [0 %-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and 20-45°C (optimum, 30 °C)]. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that strain I65 T was closely related to Niabella yanshanensis CCBAU 05354 T (99.56 % sequence similarity), Niabella hibiscisoli THG-DN5.5 T (97.51 %), and Niabella ginsengisoli GR10-1 T (97.09 %). Further analysis of the whole-genome sequence confirmed that the digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between strain I65 T and N. yanshanensis CCBAU 05354 T were 23.4, 80.7, and 85.0 %, respectively, suggesting that strain I65 T is distinct from N. yanshanensis . The genome size of strain I65 T was 6.1 Mbp, as assessed using the Oxford Nanopore platform, and its genomic DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol%. The major fatty acids of strain I65 T were iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 1 G, and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. Moreover, the major polar lipid of strain I65 T was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotype data, strain I65 T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Niabella , for which the name Niabella defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is I65 T (=KACC 22647 T =JCM 35315 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly anaerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped (0.6-0.8×2.7-13.1 µm) bacterium, designated as 5 N-1 T , was isolated from a yellow water sample collected from the manufacturing process of Nongxiangxing baijiu in the Yibin region of Sichuan, PR China. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum growth at 37 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum growth at pH 7.0) and in NaCl concentrations of 0-1 % (w/v) and ethanol concentrations of 0-2 % (v/v). The major fatty acids in strain 5 N-1 T were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 0 and C 14 : 0 . The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain 5 N-1 T was most closely related to Clostridium weizhouense YB-6 T (97.70 %) and Clostridium uliginosum DSM 12992 T (97.56 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA‒DNA hybridization values between strain 5 N-1 T and the above two type strains were 80.89 and 80.05 % and 25.80 and 25.30 %, respectively, which were all below the species thresholds. The genome size of strain 5 N-1 T was 3.5 Mbp and the DNA G+C content was 27.5 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain 5 N-1 T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium , for which the name Clostridium aquiflavi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Clostridium aquiflavi 5 N-1 T (=CICC 24886 T =JCM 35355 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped, and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain JXAS1 T , was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Poyang Lake in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium , being closest to Flavobacterium pectinovorum DSM 6368 T (98.61 %). The genome size of strain JXAS1 T was 4.66 Mb with DNA G+C content 35.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain JXAS1 T and its closest relatives were below the threshold values of 95 and 70 %, respectively. The strain contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the predominant menaquinone and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, and one unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C 15 : 0 , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ), C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3OH, iso-C 15 : 0 3OH, and summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c and/or 10-methyl C 16 : 0 ). Based on phylogenetic, genotypic, and phenotypic evidence, the isolated strain represents a new species in the genus Flavobacterium , and the name Flavobacterium poyangense is proposed. The type strain is JXAS1 T (=GDMCC 1.1378 T =KCTC 62719 T ).

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile rod bacterium, designated as SYSU BS000021 T , was isolated from a black soil sample in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Methylobacterium, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Methylobacterium segetis KCTC 62267  T (98.51%) and Methylobacterium oxalidis DSM 24028  T (97.79%). Growth occurred at 20-37℃ (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0% (w/v) NaCl. Polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified polar lipid. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were C 18:0 and C 18:1 ω7c and/or C 18:1 ω6c. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic G + C content was 68.36% based on the whole genome analysis. The average nucleotide identity (≤ 83.5%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (≤ 27.3%) values between strain SYSU BS000021 T and other members of the genus Methylobacterium were all lower than the threshold values recommended for distinguishing novel prokaryotic species. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain SYSU BS000021 T represents a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium, for which the name Methylobacterium nigriterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is SYSU BS000021 T (= GDMCC 1.3814  T  = KCTC 8051  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Four halophilic archaeal strains, BCD28 T , BND7 T , PSR21 T , and PSRA2 T , were isolated from coastal and inland saline soil, respectively. The 16S rRNA and rpoB' gene sequence similarities among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 95.9-96.6% and 86.9-90.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that these four strains tightly cluster with the current species of the genus Halomarina. The AAI, ANI, and dDDH values among these four strains and current species of Halomarina were 65.3-68.4%, 75.8-77.7%, and 20.3-22.0%, respectively, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Strains BCD28 T , BND7 T , PSR21 T , and PSRA2 T could be differentiated from the current species of Halomarina based on the comparison of diverse phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of these four strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), and four to five glycolipids. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS) was only detected in strain BND7 T . The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses suggested that strains BCD28 T (= CGMCC 1.18776 T  = JCM 34908 T ), BND7 T (= CGMCC 1.18778 T  = JCM 34910 T ), PSR21 T (= CGMCC 1.17027 T  = JCM 34147 T ), and PSRA2 T (= CGMCC 1.17214 T  = JCM 34148 T ) represent four novel species of the genus Halomarina, for which the names Halomarina litorea sp. nov., Halomarina pelagica sp. nov., Halomarina halobia sp. nov., and Halomarina ordinaria sp. nov. are proposed., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A new isolate designated as 1XM1-14 T was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of Xiamen Island. The yellow-pigmented colonies and rod-shaped cells were observed. Strain 1XM1-14 T could hydrolyze Tweens 20, 40, 60, aesculin, and skim milk, and was chemoheterotrophic and mesophilic, required NaCl for the growth. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain 1XM1-14 T was the most closely related to Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans CGMCC 1.7731 T (97.0%), followed by other type strain of the genus Altererythrobacter with identities below 97.0%. The DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain 1XM1-14 T and its relatives of the genus Altererythrobacter were below the respective thresholds for prokaryotic species demarcation. The phylogenomic inference further revealed that strain 1XM1-14 T formed a separate branch distinct from the type strains of the recognized species within the genus Altererythrobacter. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 1XM1-14 T were identified as summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), C 17:1 ω6c, and C 16:0 ; the profile of polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, an unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified lipids; the respiratory quinone was determined to ubiquinone-10. The genomic size and DNA G+C content of strain 1XM1-14 T were 2.5 Mbp and 62.71%. The key carotenoid biosynthetic genes were determined in the genome of strain 1XM1-14 T and the generated carotenoids were detected. The combined genotypic and phenotypic characteristics supported the classification of strain 1XM1-14 T (= GDMCC 1.2383 T  = KCTC 82612 T ) as a novel species in the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter litoralis sp. nov. is proposed., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)