Paenibacillus hexagrammi sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the gut content of Hexagrammos agrammus .

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated as YPD9-1 ^T , was isolated from the gut contents of a spotty belly greenling, Hexagrammos agrammus , collected near Dokdo island, South Korea. The rod-shaped cells were oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C _15 : 0 , iso-C _15 : 0 , C _16 : 0 , iso-C _16 : 0 and iso-C _{17: 0} . The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of YPD9-1 ^T showed low sequence similarities to species of the genus Paenibacillus , Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138 ^T (97.21 % of sequence similarity), Paenibacillus aestuarii CJ25 ^T (97.12 %) and Paenibacillus allorhizoplanae JJ-42 ^T (96.89 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YPD9-1 ^T formed a distinct branch among other species of the genus Paenibacillus . The digital DNA-DNA hybridisation, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between YPD9-1 ^T and the related species were in the ranges of 15.3-16.2 %, 74.1-78.4 %, and 71.1-71.9 %, respectively, which are below the species cutoff values. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain YPD9-1 ^T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus hexagrammi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Paenibacillus hexagrammi is YPD9-1 ^T (=KCTC 43424 ^T =LMG 32988 ^T ).