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1. Functional screen of inflammatory bowel disease genes reveals key epithelial functions

Author: Jessy Carol Ntunzwenimana, Gabrielle Boucher, Jean Paquette, Hugues Gosselin, Azadeh Alikashani, Nicolas Morin, Claudine Beauchamp, Louise Thauvette, Marie-Ève Rivard, Frédérique Dupuis, Sonia Deschênes, Sylvain Foisy, Frédéric Latour, Geneviève Lavallée, Mark J. Daly, Ramnik J. Xavier, the iGenoMed Consortium, Guy Charron, Philippe Goyette, and John D. Rioux
Subjects: Inflammatory bowel diseases, Type I interferon response, Mucosal immunity, Secretory immunoglobulins, Medicine, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Genetic studies have been tremendously successful in identifying genomic regions associated with a wide variety of phenotypes, although the success of these studies in identifying causal genes, their variants, and their functional impacts has been more limited. Methods We identified 145 genes from IBD-associated genomic loci having endogenous expression within the intestinal epithelial cell compartment. We evaluated the impact of lentiviral transfer of the open reading frame (ORF) of these IBD genes into the HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line via transcriptomic analyses. By comparing the genes in which expression was modulated by each ORF, as well as the functions enriched within these gene lists, we identified ORFs with shared impacts and their putative disease-relevant biological functions. Results Analysis of the transcriptomic data for cell lines expressing the ORFs for known causal genes such as HNF4a, IFIH1, and SMAD3 identified functions consistent with what is already known for these genes. These analyses also identified two major clusters of genes: Cluster 1 contained the known IBD causal genes IFIH1, SBNO2, NFKB1, and NOD2, as well as genes from other IBD loci (ZFP36L1, IRF1, GIGYF1, OTUD3, AIRE and PITX1), whereas Cluster 2 contained the known causal gene KSR1 and implicated DUSP16 from another IBD locus. Our analyses highlight how multiple IBD gene candidates can impact on epithelial structure and function, including the protection of the mucosa from intestinal microbiota, and demonstrate that DUSP16 acts a regulator of MAPK activity and contributes to mucosal defense, in part via its regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, involved in the protection of the intestinal mucosa from enteric microbiota. Conclusions This functional screen, based on expressing IBD genes within an appropriate cellular context, in this instance intestinal epithelial cells, resulted in changes to the cell’s transcriptome that are relevant to their endogenous biological function(s). This not only helped in identifying likely causal genes within genetic loci but also provided insight into their biological functions. Furthermore, this work has highlighted the central role of intestinal epithelial cells in IBD pathophysiology, providing a scientific rationale for a drug development strategy that targets epithelial functions in addition to the current therapies targeting immune functions.
Published: 2021
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2. Prostaglandins and calprotectin are genetically and functionally linked to the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Author: Mohamad Karaky, Gabrielle Boucher, Saraï Mola, Sylvain Foisy, Claudine Beauchamp, Marie-Eve Rivard, Melanie Burnette, Hugues Gosselin, iGenoMed Consortium, Alain Bitton, Guy Charron, Philippe Goyette, and John D Rioux
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: BackgroundGenome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified and validated more than 200 genomic loci associated with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although for most the causal gene remains unknown. Given the importance of myeloid cells in IBD pathogenesis, the current study aimed to uncover the role of genes within IBD genetic loci that are endogenously expressed in this cell lineage.MethodsThe open reading frames (ORF) of 42 genes from IBD-associated loci were expressed via lentiviral transfer in the THP-1 model of human monocytes and the impact of each of these on the cell's transcriptome was analyzed using a RNA sequencing-based approach. We used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches to validate our findings in the THP-1 line with further validation in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived-monocytes.ResultsThis functional genomics screen provided evidence that genes in four IBD GWAS loci (PTGIR, ZBTB40, SLC39A11 and NFKB1) are involved in controlling S100A8 and S100A9 gene expression, which encode the two subunits of calprotectin (CP). We demonstrated that increasing PTGIR expression and/or stimulating PTGIR signaling resulted in increased CP expression in THP-1. This was further validated in hiPSC-derived monocytes. Conversely, knocking-down PTGIR endogenous expression and/or inhibiting PTGIR signaling led to decreased CP expression. These analyses were extended to the known IBD gene PTGER4, whereby its specific agonist also led to increased CP expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PTGIR and PTGER4 mediated control of CP expression was dependent on signaling via adenylate cyclase and STAT3. Finally, we demonstrated that LPS-mediated increases in CP expression could be potentiated by agonists of PTGIR and PTGER4, and diminished by their antagonists.ConclusionOur results support a causal role for the PTGIR, PTGER4, ZBTB40, SLC39A11 and NFKB1 genes in IBD, with all five genes regulating the expression of CP in myeloid cells, as well as potential roles for the prostacyclin/prostaglandin biogenesis and signaling pathways in IBD susceptibility and pathogenesis.
Published: 2022
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3. Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes

Author: David W Clark, Yukinori Okada, Kristjan H S Moore, Dan Mason, Nicola Pirastu, Ilaria Gandin, Hannele Mattsson, Catriona L K Barnes, Kuang Lin, Jing Hua Zhao, Patrick Deelen, Rebecca Rohde, Claudia Schurmann, Xiuqing Guo, Franco Giulianini, Weihua Zhang, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Robert Karlsson, Yanchun Bao, Traci M Bartz, Clemens Baumbach, Ginevra Biino, Matthew J Bixley, Marco Brumat, Jin-Fang Chai, Tanguy Corre, Diana L Cousminer, Annelot M Dekker, David A Eccles, Kristel R van Eijk, Christian Fuchsberger, He Gao, Marine Germain, Scott D Gordon, Hugoline G de Haan, Sarah E Harris, Edith Hofer, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Catherine Igartua, Iris E Jansen, Yucheng Jia, Tim Kacprowski, Torgny Karlsson, Marcus E Kleber, Shengchao Alfred Li, Ruifang Li-Gao, Anubha Mahajan, Koichi Matsuda, Karina Meidtner, Weihua Meng, May E Montasser, Peter J van der Most, Matthias Munz, Teresa Nutile, Teemu Palviainen, Gauri Prasad, Rashmi B Prasad, Tallapragada Divya Sri Priyanka, Federica Rizzi, Erika Salvi, Bishwa R Sapkota, Daniel Shriner, Line Skotte, Melissa C Smart, Albert Vernon Smith, Ashley van der Spek, Cassandra N Spracklen, Rona J Strawbridge, Salman M Tajuddin, Stella Trompet, Constance Turman, Niek Verweij, Clara Viberti, Lihua Wang, Helen R Warren, Robyn E Wootton, Lisa R Yanek, Jie Yao, Noha A Yousri, Wei Zhao, Adebowale A Adeyemo, Saima Afaq, Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas, Masato Akiyama, Matthew L Albert, Matthew A Allison, Maris Alver, Tin Aung, Fereidoun Azizi, Amy R Bentley, Heiner Boeing, Eric Boerwinkle, Judith B Borja, Gert J de Borst, Erwin P Bottinger, Linda Broer, Harry Campbell, Stephen Chanock, Miao-Li Chee, Guanjie Chen, Yii-Der I Chen, Zhengming Chen, Yen-Feng Chiu, Massimiliano Cocca, Francis S Collins, Maria Pina Concas, Janie Corley, Giovanni Cugliari, Rob M van Dam, Anna Damulina, Maryam S Daneshpour, Felix R Day, Graciela E Delgado, Klodian Dhana, Alexander S F Doney, Marcus Dörr, Ayo P Doumatey, Nduna Dzimiri, S Sunna Ebenesersdóttir, Joshua Elliott, Paul Elliott, Ralf Ewert, Janine F Felix, Krista Fischer, Barry I Freedman, Giorgia Girotto, Anuj Goel, Martin Gögele, Mark O Goodarzi, Mariaelisa Graff, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Francine Grodstein, Simonetta Guarrera, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Kamran Guity, Bjarni Gunnarsson, Yu Guo, Saskia P Hagenaars, Christopher A Haiman, Avner Halevy, Tamara B Harris, Mehdi Hedayati, David A van Heel, Makoto Hirata, Imo Höfer, Chao Agnes Hsiung, Jinyan Huang, Yi-Jen Hung, M Arfan Ikram, Anuradha Jagadeesan, Pekka Jousilahti, Yoichiro Kamatani, Masahiro Kanai, Nicola D Kerrison, Thorsten Kessler, Kay-Tee Khaw, Chiea Chuen Khor, Dominique P V de Kleijn, Woon-Puay Koh, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kraft, Bernhard K Krämer, Zoltán Kutalik, Johanna Kuusisto, Claudia Langenberg, Lenore J Launer, Deborah A Lawlor, I-Te Lee, Wen-Jane Lee, Markus M Lerch, Liming Li, Jianjun Liu, Marie Loh, Stephanie J London, Stephanie Loomis, Yingchang Lu, Jian’an Luan, Reedik Mägi, Ani W Manichaikul, Paolo Manunta, Gísli Másson, Nana Matoba, Xue W Mei, Christa Meisinger, Thomas Meitinger, Massimo Mezzavilla, Lili Milani, Iona Y Millwood, Yukihide Momozawa, Amy Moore, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Hortensia Moreno-Macías, Trevor A Mori, Alanna C Morrison, Taulant Muka, Yoshinori Murakami, Alison D Murray, Renée de Mutsert, Josyf C Mychaleckyj, Mike A Nalls, Matthias Nauck, Matt J Neville, Ilja M Nolte, Ken K Ong, Lorena Orozco, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Gunnar Pálsson, James S Pankow, Cristian Pattaro, Alison Pattie, Ozren Polasek, Neil Poulter, Peter P Pramstaller, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Katri Räikkönen, Sarju Ralhan, Dabeeru C Rao, Wouter van Rheenen, Stephen S Rich, Paul M Ridker, Cornelius A Rietveld, Antonietta Robino, Frank J A van Rooij, Daniela Ruggiero, Yasaman Saba, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Cinzia Felicita Sala, Veikko Salomaa, Kevin Sandow, Helena Schmidt, Laura J Scott, William R Scott, Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat, Bengt Sennblad, Jessica van Setten, Peter J Sever, Wayne H-H Sheu, Yuan Shi, Smeeta Shrestha, Sharvari Rahul Shukla, Jon K Sigurdsson, Timo Tonis Sikka, Jai Rup Singh, Blair H Smith, Alena Stančáková, Alice Stanton, John M Starr, Lilja Stefansdottir, Leon Straker, Patrick Sulem, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Morris A Swertz, Adele M Taylor, Kent D Taylor, Natalie Terzikhan, Yih-Chung Tham, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Annika Tillander, Russell P Tracy, Teresa Tusié-Luna, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Simona Vaccargiu, Jagadish Vangipurapu, Jan H Veldink, Veronique Vitart, Uwe Völker, Eero Vuoksimaa, Salma M Wakil, Melanie Waldenberger, Gurpreet S Wander, Ya Xing Wang, Nicholas J Wareham, Sarah Wild, Chittaranjan S Yajnik, Jian-Min Yuan, Lingyao Zeng, Liang Zhang, Jie Zhou, Najaf Amin, Folkert W Asselbergs, Stephan J L Bakker, Diane M Becker, Benjamin Lehne, David A Bennett, Leonard H van den Berg, Sonja I Berndt, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Lawrence F Bielak, Murielle Bochud, Mike Boehnke, Claude Bouchard, Jonathan P Bradfield, Jennifer A Brody, Archie Campbell, Shai Carmi, Mark J Caulfield, David Cesarini, John C Chambers, Giriraj Ratan Chandak, Ching-Yu Cheng, Marina Ciullo, Marilyn Cornelis, Daniele Cusi, George Davey Smith, Ian J Deary, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Cornelia M van Duijn, David Ellinghaus, Jeanette Erdmann, Johan G Eriksson, Evangelos Evangelou, Michele K Evans, Jessica D Faul, Bjarke Feenstra, Mary Feitosa, Sylvain Foisy, Andre Franke, Yechiel Friedlander, Paolo Gasparini, Christian Gieger, Clicerio Gonzalez, Philippe Goyette, Struan F A Grant, Lyn R Griffiths, Leif Groop, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ulf Gyllensten, Hakon Hakonarson, Anders Hamsten, Pim van der Harst, Chew-Kiat Heng, Andrew A Hicks, Hagit Hochner, Heikki Huikuri, Steven C Hunt, Vincent W V Jaddoe, Philip L De Jager, Magnus Johannesson, Åsa Johansson, Jost B Jonas, J Wouter Jukema, Juhani Junttila, Jaakko Kaprio, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Fredrik Karpe, Meena Kumari, Markku Laakso, Sander W van der Laan, Jari Lahti, Matthias Laudes, Rodney A Lea, Wolfgang Lieb, Thomas Lumley, Nicholas G Martin, Winfried März, Giuseppe Matullo, Mark I McCarthy, Sarah E Medland, Tony R Merriman, Andres Metspalu, Brian F Meyer, Karen L Mohlke, Grant W Montgomery, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, Patricia B Munroe, Kari E North, Dale R Nyholt, Jeffery R O’connell, Carole Ober, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Walter Palmas, Colin Palmer, Gerard G Pasterkamp, Etienne Patin, Craig E Pennell, Louis Perusse, Patricia A Peyser, Mario Pirastu, Tinca J. C. Polderman, David J Porteous, Danielle Posthuma, Bruce M Psaty, John D Rioux, Fernando Rivadeneira, Charles Rotimi, Jerome I Rotter, Igor Rudan, Hester M Den Ruijter, Dharambir K Sanghera, Naveed Sattar, Reinhold Schmidt, Matthias B Schulze, Heribert Schunkert, Robert A Scott, Alan R Shuldiner, Xueling Sim, Neil Small, Jennifer A Smith, Nona Sotoodehnia, E-Shyong Tai, Alexander Teumer, Nicholas J Timpson, Daniela Toniolo, David-Alexandre Tregouet, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Peter Vollenweider, Carol A Wang, David R Weir, John B Whitfield, Cisca Wijmenga, Tien-Yin Wong, John Wright, Jingyun Yang, Lei Yu, Babette S Zemel, Alan B Zonderman, Markus Perola, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, André G Uitterlinden, Jaspal S Kooner, Daniel I Chasman, Ruth J. F. Loos, Nora Franceschini, Lude Franke, Chris S Haley, Caroline Hayward, Robin G Walters, John R. B. Perry, Tōnu Esko, Agnar Helgason, Kari Stefansson, Peter K Joshi, Michiaki Kubo, and James F Wilson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.
Published: 2019
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4. Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Author: Ilja M. Nolte, M. Loretto Munoz, Vinicius Tragante, Azmeraw T. Amare, Rick Jansen, Ahmad Vaez, Benedikt von der Heyde, Christy L. Avery, Joshua C. Bis, Bram Dierckx, Jenny van Dongen, Stephanie M. Gogarten, Philippe Goyette, Jussi Hernesniemi, Ville Huikari, Shih-Jen Hwang, Deepali Jaju, Kathleen F. Kerr, Alexander Kluttig, Bouwe P. Krijthe, Jitender Kumar, Sander W. van der Laan, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Adam X. Maihofer, Arpi Minassian, Peter J. van der Most, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Michel Nivard, Erika Salvi, James D. Stewart, Julian F. Thayer, Niek Verweij, Andrew Wong, Delilah Zabaneh, Mohammad H. Zafarmand, Abdel Abdellaoui, Sulayma Albarwani, Christine Albert, Alvaro Alonso, Foram Ashar, Juha Auvinen, Tomas Axelsson, Dewleen G. Baker, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Matteo Barcella, Riad Bayoumi, Rob J. Bieringa, Dorret Boomsma, Gabrielle Boucher, Annie R. Britton, Ingrid Christophersen, Andrea Dietrich, George B. Ehret, Patrick T. Ellinor, Markku Eskola, Janine F. Felix, John S. Floras, Oscar H. Franco, Peter Friberg, Maaike G. J. Gademan, Mark A. Geyer, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Catharina A. Hartman, Daiane Hemerich, Albert Hofman, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Heikki Huikuri, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Xavier Jouven, Juhani Junttila, Markus Juonala, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Jan A. Kors, Meena Kumari, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Cathy C. Laurie, Joop D. Lefrandt, Yong Li, Yun Li, Duanping Liao, Marian C. Limacher, Henry J. Lin, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Steven A. Lubitz, Anubha Mahajan, Barbara McKnight, Henriette Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Yuri Milaneschi, Nina Mononen, Andrew P. Morris, Mike A. Nalls, Gerjan Navis, Melanie Neijts, Kjell Nikus, Kari E. North, Daniel T. O'Connor, Johan Ormel, Siegfried Perz, Annette Peters, Bruce M. Psaty, Olli T. Raitakari, Victoria B. Risbrough, Moritz F. Sinner, David Siscovick, Johannes H. Smit, Nicholas L. Smith, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Nona Sotoodehnia, Jan A. Staessen, Phyllis K. Stein, Adrienne M. Stilp, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Konstantin Strauch, Johan Sundström, Cees A. Swenne, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Jean-Claude Tardif, Kent D. Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Timothy A. Thornton, Lesley E. Tinker, André G. Uitterlinden, Jessica van Setten, Andreas Voss, Melanie Waldenberger, Kirk C. Wilhelmsen, Gonneke Willemsen, Quenna Wong, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Alan B. Zonderman, Daniele Cusi, Michele K. Evans, Halina K. Greiser, Pim van der Harst, Mohammad Hassan, Erik Ingelsson, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Stefan Kääb, Mika Kähönen, Mika Kivimaki, Charles Kooperberg, Diana Kuh, Terho Lehtimäki, Lars Lind, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Chris J. O'Donnell, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Brenda Penninx, Alexander P. Reiner, Harriëtte Riese, Arie M. van Roon, John D. Rioux, Jerome I. Rotter, Tamar Sofer, Bruno H. Stricker, Henning Tiemeier, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Bianca J. J. M. Brundel, Susan R. Heckbert, Eric A. Whitsel, Marcel den Hoed, Harold Snieder, and Eco J. C. de Geus
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the individual variation in cardiac cycle duration and is a measure of vagal control of heart rate. Here, the authors identify seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with HRV, lending new insight into the vagal regulation of heart rhythm.
Published: 2017
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5. A transcriptome-based approach to identify functional modules within and across primary human immune cells.

Author: Saraï Mola, Sylvain Foisy, Gabrielle Boucher, François Major, Claudine Beauchamp, Mohamad Karaky, Philippe Goyette, Sylvie Lesage, and John D Rioux
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have provided valuable insight into fundamental biology and disease pathophysiology. Many studies have taken advantage of the correlation in the expression patterns of the transcriptome to infer a potential biologic function of uncharacterized genes, and multiple groups have examined the relationship between co-expression, co-regulation, and gene function on a broader scale. Given the unique characteristics of immune cells circulating in the blood, we were interested in determining whether it was possible to identify functional co-expression modules in human immune cells. Specifically, we sequenced the transcriptome of nine immune cell types from peripheral blood cells of healthy donors and, using a combination of global and targeted analyses of genes within co-expression modules, we were able to determine functions for these modules that were cell lineage-specific or shared among multiple cell lineages. In addition, our analyses identified transcription factors likely important for immune cell lineage commitment and/or maintenance.
Published: 2020
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6. Effect of Sex and Underlying Disease on the Genetic Association of QT Interval and Sudden Cardiac Death

Author: Rebecca N. Mitchell, Foram N. Ashar, Marjo‐Riitta Jarvelin, Philippe Froguel, Nona Sotoodehnia, Jennifer A. Brody, Sylvain Sebert, Heikki Huikuri, John Rioux, Philippe Goyette, Charles E. Newcomb, M. Juhani Junttila, and Dan E. Arking
Subjects: genetic association, Mendelian randomization, QT interval electrocardiography, sex‐specific, sudden cardiac death, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for ≈300 000 deaths annually in the United States. Men have a higher risk of SCD and are more likely to have underlying coronary artery disease, while women are more likely to have arrhythmic events in the setting of inherited or acquired QT prolongation. Moreover, there is evidence of sex differences in the genetics of QT interval duration. Using sex‐ and coronary artery disease–stratified analyses, we assess differences in genetic association between longer QT interval and SCD risk. Methods and Results We examined 2282 SCD subjects and 3561 Finnish controls. The SCD subjects were stratified by underlying disease (ischemic versus nonischemic) and by sex. We used logistic regression to test for association between the top QT interval–associated single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs12143842 (in the NOS1AP locus), and SCD risk. We also performed Mendelian randomization to test for causal association of QT interval in the various subgroups. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes for associations with rs12143842, despite the odds ratio being higher in females across all subgroup analyses. Consistent with our hypothesis, female non‐ischemics had the highest odds ratio point estimate for association between rs12143842 and SCD risk and male ischemics the lowest odds ratio point estimate (P=0.036 for difference). Similar trends were observed for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Conclusions While individual subgroup comparisons did not achieve traditional criteria for statistical significance, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the causal association of longer QT interval on SCD risk is stronger in women and nonischemic individuals.
Published: 2019
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7. TECRL, a new life‐threatening inherited arrhythmia gene associated with overlapping clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT

Author: Harsha D Devalla, Roselle Gélinas, Elhadi H Aburawi, Abdelaziz Beqqali, Philippe Goyette, Christian Freund, Marie‐A Chaix, Rafik Tadros, Hui Jiang, Antony Le Béchec, Jantine J Monshouwer‐Kloots, Tom Zwetsloot, Georgios Kosmidis, Frédéric Latour, Azadeh Alikashani, Maaike Hoekstra, Jurg Schlaepfer, Christine L Mummery, Brian Stevenson, Zoltan Kutalik, Antoine AF de Vries, Léna Rivard, Arthur AM Wilde, Mario Talajic, Arie O Verkerk, Lihadh Al‐Gazali, John D Rioux, Zahurul A Bhuiyan, and Robert Passier
Subjects: Arrhythmia, CPVT, iPSC, LQTS, SRD5A2L2, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Genetic causes of many familial arrhythmia syndromes remain elusive. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on patients from three different families that presented with life‐threatening arrhythmias and high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Two French Canadian probands carried identical homozygous rare variant in TECRL gene (p.Arg196Gln), which encodes the trans‐2,3‐enoyl‐CoA reductase‐like protein. Both patients had cardiac arrest, stress‐induced atrial and ventricular tachycardia, and QT prolongation on adrenergic stimulation. A third patient from a consanguineous Sudanese family diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) had a homozygous splice site mutation (c.331+1G>A) in TECRL. Analysis of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) generated from this individual (TECRLHom‐hiPSCs), his heterozygous but clinically asymptomatic father (TECRLHet‐hiPSCs), and a healthy individual (CTRL‐hiPSCs) from the same Sudanese family, revealed smaller [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes as well as elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. The [Ca2+]i transient also rose markedly slower and contained lower sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores, evidenced by the decreased magnitude of caffeine‐induced [Ca2+]i transients. In addition, the decay phase of the [Ca2+]i transient was slower in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs due to decreased SERCA and NCX activities. Furthermore, TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs showed prolonged action potentials (APs) compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. TECRL knockdown in control human embryonic stem cell‐derived CMs (hESC‐CMs) also resulted in significantly longer APs. Moreover, stimulation by noradrenaline (NA) significantly increased the propensity for triggered activity based on delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs and treatment with flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, significantly reduced the triggered activity in these cells. In summary, we report that mutations in TECRL are associated with inherited arrhythmias characterized by clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT. Patient‐specific hiPSC‐CMs recapitulated salient features of the clinical phenotype and provide a platform for drug screening evidenced by initial identification of flecainide as a potential therapeutic. These findings have implications for diagnosis and treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
Published: 2016
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8. A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis

Author: Manuel A. Rivas, Daniel Graham, Patrick Sulem, Christine Stevens, A. Nicole Desch, Philippe Goyette, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Frauke Degenhardt, Sören Mucha, Mitja I. Kurki, Dalin Li, Mauro D’Amato, Vito Annese, Severine Vermeire, Rinse K. Weersma, Jonas Halfvarson, Paulina Paavola-Sakki, Maarit Lappalainen, Monkol Lek, Beryl Cummings, Taru Tukiainen, Talin Haritunians, Leena Halme, Lotta L. E. Koskinen, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Yang Luo, Graham A. Heap, Marijn C. Visschedijk, UK IBD Genetics Consortium, NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, Daniel G. MacArthur, Benjamin M. Neale, Tariq Ahmad, Carl A. Anderson, Steven R. Brant, Richard H. Duerr, Mark S. Silverberg, Judy H Cho, Aarno Palotie, Päivi Saavalainen, Kimmo Kontula, Martti Färkkilä, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Andre Franke, Kari Stefansson, John D. Rioux, Ramnik J. Xavier, and Mark J. Daly
Subjects: Science
Abstract: While hundreds of loci are linked with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), the functional consequences of the associated variants remain unclear. Here, the authors screened in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients’ genomes for protein-truncating variants near IBD loci, and identify a protein truncating variant in RNF186to be protective against UC.
Published: 2016
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9. Novel CALM3 mutations in pediatric long QT syndrome patients support a CALM3-specific calmodulinopathy

Author: Marie-A. Chaix, MD, MSc, Tamara T. Koopmann, PhD, Philippe Goyette, PhD, Azadeh Alikashani, MSc, Frédéric Latour, MSc, Meena Fatah, HBSc, Robert M. Hamilton, MD, and John D. Rioux, PhD
Subjects: Long QT syndrome, Calmodulin, CALM3, Whole exome sequencing, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2016
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10. Erratum: Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Author: Ilja M. Nolte, M. Loretto Munoz, Vinicius Tragante, Azmeraw T. Amare, Rick Jansen, Ahmad Vaez, Benedikt von der Heyde, Christy L. Avery, Joshua C. Bis, Bram Dierckx, Jenny van Dongen, Stephanie M. Gogarten, Philippe Goyette, Jussi Hernesniemi, Ville Huikari, Shih-Jen Hwang, Deepali Jaju, Kathleen F. Kerr, Alexander Kluttig, Bouwe P. Krijthe, Jitender Kumar, Sander W. van der Laan, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Adam X. Maihofer, Arpi Minassian, Peter J. van der Most, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Michel Nivard, Erika Salvi, James D. Stewart, Julian F. Thayer, Niek Verweij, Andrew Wong, Delilah Zabaneh, Mohammad H. Zafarmand, Abdel Abdellaoui, Sulayma Albarwani, Christine Albert, Alvaro Alonso, Foram Ashar, Juha Auvinen, Tomas Axelsson, Dewleen G. Baker, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Matteo Barcella, Riad Bayoumi, Rob J. Bieringa, Dorret Boomsma, Gabrielle Boucher, Annie R. Britton, Ingrid Christophersen, Andrea Dietrich, George B. Ehret, Patrick T. Ellinor, Markku Eskola, Janine F. Felix, John S. Floras, Oscar H. Franco, Peter Friberg, Maaike G. J. Gademan, Mark A. Geyer, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Catharina A. Hartman, Daiane Hemerich, Albert Hofman, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Heikki Huikuri, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Xavier Jouven, Juhani Junttila, Markus Juonala, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Jan A. Kors, Meena Kumari, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Cathy C. Laurie, Joop D. Lefrandt, Yong Li, Yun Li, Duanping Liao, Marian C. Limacher, Henry J. Lin, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Steven A. Lubitz, Anubha Mahajan, Barbara McKnight, Henriette Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Yuri Milaneschi, Nina Mononen, Andrew P. Morris, Mike A. Nalls, Gerjan Navis, Melanie Neijts, Kjell Nikus, Kari E. North, Daniel T. O'Connor, Johan Ormel, Siegfried Perz, Annette Peters, Bruce M. Psaty, Olli T. Raitakari, Victoria B. Risbrough, Moritz F. Sinner, David Siscovick, Johannes H. Smit, Nicholas L. Smith, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Nona Sotoodehnia, Jan A. Staessen, Phyllis K. Stein, Adrienne M. Stilp, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Konstantin Strauch, Johan Sundström, Cees A. Swenne, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Jean-Claude Tardif, Kent D. Taylor, Alexander Teumer, Timothy A. Thornton, Lesley E. Tinker, André G. Uitterlinden, Jessica van Setten, Andreas Voss, Melanie Waldenberger, Kirk C. Wilhelmsen, Gonneke Willemsen, Quenna Wong, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Alan B Zonderman, Daniele Cusi, Michele K. Evans, Halina K. Greiser, Pim van der Harst, Mohammad Hassan, Erik Ingelsson, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Stefan Kääb, Mika Kähönen, Mika Kivimaki, Charles Kooperberg, Diana Kuh, Terho Lehtimäki, Lars Lind, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Chris J. O'Donnell, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Brenda Penninx, Alexander P. Reiner, Harriëtte Riese, Arie M. van Roon, John D. Rioux, Jerome I. Rotter, Tamar Sofer, Bruno H. Stricker, Henning Tiemeier, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Bianca J. J.M Brundel, Susan R. Heckbert, Eric A. Whitsel, Marcel den Hoed, Harold Snieder, and Eco J. C. de Geus
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15805 (2017); Published: 14 June 2017; Updated: 2 August 2017 In Supplementary Fig. 10 of this Article, images for panels a and b were inadvertently omitted. The correct version of Supplementary Fig. 10 is provided as Supplementary Information associated withthis Erratum.
Published: 2017
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11. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies rare variants in CARD9, IL23R and RNF186 that are associated with ulcerative colitis.

Author: Mélissa Beaudoin, Philippe Goyette, Gabrielle Boucher, Ken Sin Lo, Manuel A Rivas, Christine Stevens, Azadeh Alikashani, Martin Ladouceur, David Ellinghaus, Leif Törkvist, Gautam Goel, Caroline Lagacé, Vito Annese, Alain Bitton, Jakob Begun, Steve R Brant, Francesca Bresso, Judy H Cho, Richard H Duerr, Jonas Halfvarson, Dermot P B McGovern, Graham Radford-Smith, Stefan Schreiber, Philip L Schumm, Yashoda Sharma, Mark S Silverberg, Rinse K Weersma, Quebec IBD Genetics Consortium, NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, International IBD Genetics Consortium, Mauro D'Amato, Severine Vermeire, Andre Franke, Guillaume Lettre, Ramnik J Xavier, Mark J Daly, and John D Rioux
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies and follow-up meta-analyses in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have recently identified 163 disease-associated loci that meet genome-wide significance for these two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These discoveries have already had a tremendous impact on our understanding of the genetic architecture of these diseases and have directed functional studies that have revealed some of the biological functions that are important to IBD (e.g. autophagy). Nonetheless, these loci can only explain a small proportion of disease variance (~14% in CD and 7.5% in UC), suggesting that not only are additional loci to be found but that the known loci may contain high effect rare risk variants that have gone undetected by GWAS. To test this, we have used a targeted sequencing approach in 200 UC cases and 150 healthy controls (HC), all of French Canadian descent, to study 55 genes in regions associated with UC. We performed follow-up genotyping of 42 rare non-synonymous variants in independent case-control cohorts (totaling 14,435 UC cases and 20,204 HC). Our results confirmed significant association to rare non-synonymous coding variants in both IL23R and CARD9, previously identified from sequencing of CD loci, as well as identified a novel association in RNF186. With the exception of CARD9 (OR = 0.39), the rare non-synonymous variants identified were of moderate effect (OR = 1.49 for RNF186 and OR = 0.79 for IL23R). RNF186 encodes a protein with a RING domain having predicted E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and two transmembrane domains. Importantly, the disease-coding variant is located in the ubiquitin ligase domain. Finally, our results suggest that rare variants in genes identified by genome-wide association in UC are unlikely to contribute significantly to the overall variance for the disease. Rather, these are expected to help focus functional studies of the corresponding disease loci.
Published: 2013
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12. Erratum: A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis

Author: Manuel A. Rivas, Daniel Graham, Patrick Sulem, Christine Stevens, A. Nicole Desch, Philippe Goyette, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Frauke Degenhardt, Sören Mucha, Mitja I. Kurki, Dalin Li, Mauro D’Amato, Vito Annese, Severine Vermeire, Rinse K. Weersma, Jonas Halfvarson, Paulina Paavola-Sakki, Maarit Lappalainen, Monkol Lek, Beryl Cummings, Taru Tukiainen, Talin Haritunians, Leena Halme, Lotta L. E. Koskinen, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Yang Luo, Graham A. Heap, Marijn C. Visschedijk, UK IBD Genetics Consortium, NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, Daniel G. MacArthur, Benjamin M. Neale, Tariq Ahmad, Carl A. Anderson, Steven R. Brant, Richard H. Duerr, Mark S. Silverberg, Judy H. Cho, Aarno Palotie, Päivi Saavalainen, Kimmo Kontula, Martti Färkkilä, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Andre Franke, Kari Stefansson, John D. Rioux, Ramnik J. Xavier, and Mark J. Daly
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Nature Communications 7 Article number: 12342 (2016); Published 9 August 2016; Updated 13 September 2016 The HTML version of this Article incorrectly listed the authors of the UK IBD Genetics Consortium and the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium individually in the main author list. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.
Published: 2016
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13. Identification of a sudden cardiac death susceptibility locus at 2q24.2 through genome-wide association in European ancestry individuals.

Author: Dan E Arking, M Juhani Junttila, Philippe Goyette, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Mark Eijgelsheim, Marieke T Blom, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Kyndaron Reinier, Carmen Teodorescu, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Naima Carter-Monroe, Kari S Kaikkonen, Marja-Leena Kortelainen, Gabrielle Boucher, Caroline Lagacé, Anna Moes, XiaoQing Zhao, Frank Kolodgie, Fernando Rivadeneira, Albert Hofman, Jacqueline C M Witteman, André G Uitterlinden, Roos F Marsman, Raha Pazoki, Abdennasser Bardai, Rudolph W Koster, Abbas Dehghan, Shih-Jen Hwang, Pallav Bhatnagar, Wendy Post, Gina Hilton, Ronald J Prineas, Man Li, Anna Köttgen, Georg Ehret, Eric Boerwinkle, Josef Coresh, W H Linda Kao, Bruce M Psaty, Gordon F Tomaselli, Nona Sotoodehnia, David S Siscovick, Greg L Burke, Eduardo Marbán, Peter M Spooner, L Adrienne Cupples, Jonathan Jui, Karen Gunson, Y Antero Kesäniemi, Arthur A M Wilde, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christopher J O'Donnell, Connie R Bezzina, Renu Virmani, Bruno H C H Stricker, Hanno L Tan, Christine M Albert, Aravinda Chakravarti, John D Rioux, Heikki V Huikuri, and Sumeet S Chugh
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual incidence estimated at 250,000-300,000 in the United States and with the vast majority occurring in the setting of coronary disease. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis in 1,283 SCD cases and >20,000 control individuals of European ancestry from 5 studies, with follow-up genotyping in up to 3,119 SCD cases and 11,146 controls from 11 European ancestry studies, and identify the BAZ2B locus as associated with SCD (P = 1.8×10(-10)). The risk allele, while ancestral, has a frequency of ~1.4%, suggesting strong negative selection and increases risk for SCD by 1.92-fold per allele (95% CI 1.57-2.34). We also tested the role of 49 SNPs previously implicated in modulating electrocardiographic traits (QRS, QT, and RR intervals). Consistent with epidemiological studies showing increased risk of SCD with prolonged QRS/QT intervals, the interval-prolonging alleles are in aggregate associated with increased risk for SCD (P = 0.006).
Published: 2011
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14. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans identifies IL18RAP, PTPN2, TAGAP, and PUS10 as shared risk loci for Crohn's disease and celiac disease.

Author: Eleonora A M Festen, Philippe Goyette, Todd Green, Gabrielle Boucher, Claudine Beauchamp, Gosia Trynka, Patrick C Dubois, Caroline Lagacé, Pieter C F Stokkers, Daan W Hommes, Donatella Barisani, Orazio Palmieri, Vito Annese, David A van Heel, Rinse K Weersma, Mark J Daly, Cisca Wijmenga, and John D Rioux
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Crohn's disease (CD) and celiac disease (CelD) are chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, involving genetic and environmental factors in their pathogenesis. The two diseases can co-occur within families, and studies suggest that CelD patients have a higher risk to develop CD than the general population. These observations suggest that CD and CelD may share common genetic risk loci. Two such shared loci, IL18RAP and PTPN2, have already been identified independently in these two diseases. The aim of our study was to explicitly identify shared risk loci for these diseases by combining results from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of CD and CelD. Specifically, GWAS results from CelD (768 cases, 1,422 controls) and CD (3,230 cases, 4,829 controls) were combined in a meta-analysis. Nine independent regions had nominal association p-value
Published: 2011
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15. A major histocompatibility Class I locus contributes to multiple sclerosis susceptibility independently from HLA-DRB1*15:01.

Author: Bruce A C Cree, John D Rioux, Jacob L McCauley, Pierre-Antoine F D Gourraud, Philippe Goyette, Joseph McElroy, Philip De Jager, Adam Santaniello, Timothy J Vyse, Peter K Gregersen, Daniel Mirel, David A Hafler, Jonathan L Haines, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Alastair Compston, Stephen J Sawcer, Jorge R Oksenberg, Stephen L Hauser, IMAGEN, and IMSGC
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In Northern European descended populations, genetic susceptibility for multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II gene DRB1. Whether other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes contribute to MS susceptibility is controversial.A case control analysis was performed using 958 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the MHC assayed in two independent datasets. The discovery dataset consisted of 1,018 cases and 1,795 controls and the replication dataset was composed of 1,343 cases and 1,379 controls. The most significantly MS-associated SNP in the discovery dataset was rs3135391, a Class II SNP known to tag the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, the primary MS susceptibility allele in the MHC (O.R. = 3.04, p < 1 x 10(-78)). To control for the effects of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype, case control analysis was performed adjusting for this HLA-DRB1*15:01 tagging SNP. After correction for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate = .05) 52 SNPs in the Class I, II and III regions were significantly associated with MS susceptibility in both datasets using the Cochran Armitage trend test. The discovery and replication datasets were merged and subjects carrying the HLA-DRB1*15:01 tagging SNP were excluded. Association tests showed that 48 of the 52 replicated SNPs retained significant associations with MS susceptibility independently of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 as defined by the tagging SNP. 20 Class I SNPs were associated with MS susceptibility with p-values < or = 1 x 10(-8). The most significantly associated SNP was rs4959039, a SNP in the downstream un-translated region of the non-classical HLA-G gene (Odds ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.40, 1.81, p = 8.45 x 10(-13)) and is in linkage disequilibrium with several nearby SNPs. Logistic regression modeling showed that this SNP's contribution to MS susceptibility was independent of the Class II and Class III SNPs identified in this screen.A MHC Class I locus contributes to MS susceptibility independently of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotype.
Published: 2010
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16. Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis.

Author: Michelle M A Fernando, Christine R Stevens, Emily C Walsh, Philip L De Jager, Philippe Goyette, Robert M Plenge, Timothy J Vyse, and John D Rioux
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the most extensively studied regions in the human genome because of the association of variants at this locus with autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases. However, identification of causal variants within the MHC for the majority of these diseases has remained difficult due to the great variability and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) that exists among alleles throughout this locus, coupled with inadequate study design whereby only a limited subset of about 20 from a total of approximately 250 genes have been studied in small cohorts of predominantly European origin. We have performed a review and pooled analysis of the past 30 years of research on the role of the MHC in six genetically complex disease traits - multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - in order to consolidate and evaluate the current literature regarding MHC genetics in these common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We corroborate established MHC disease associations and identify predisposing variants that previously have not been appreciated. Furthermore, we find a number of interesting commonalities and differences across diseases that implicate both general and disease-specific pathogenetic mechanisms in autoimmunity.
Published: 2008
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17. Identifying transcript-level differential expression in primary human immune cells

Author: Saraï Mola, Claudine Beauchamp, Gabrielle Boucher, Sylvie Lesage, Mohamad Karaky, Philippe Goyette, Sylvain Foisy, and John D. Rioux
Subjects: Immunology, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Multipotential hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into a wide variety of immune cells with a diversity of functions, including the ability to respond to a variety of stimuli. Importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of gene transcription in defining cell identity and functions. While these studies have primarily been performed at the level of the gene, it is known that key immune genes such as CD44 and CD45 generate multiple different transcripts that are differentially expressed across different immune cells, and that encode proteins with different sequences and functions. Prior genomic surveys have shown that the mechanisms for generating diversity in expressed transcripts (alternate splicing, alternate transcription start sites, etc.) are very active in immune cells, but have been lacking in terms of identifying genes with multiple transcripts, that are differentially expressed, and likely to affect cell functions.We first identified the set of genes that had at least two transcripts expressed in our RNA sequencing dataset generated from purified populations of neutrophils, monocytes and five lymphocyte populations (B, NK, γδ T, CD4 + T and CD8 + T) from twelve healthy donors. Next, we developed a heuristic approach to identify genes where two or more transcripts have distinct expression patterns across lymphoid and/or myeloid populations. We then focused our annotation and interpretation on differentially expressed transcripts that affect the coding sequence. This process was repeated to identify transcripts that were differentially expressed between monocytes and populations of macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages derived from these monocytes in vitro.We found that over 55 % of genes had two or more expressed transcripts, with an average ∼3 transcripts per gene, and that 70 % of these had at least two of the transcripts that encoded proteins with different sequences. As expected, we identified a complex pattern of differential expression for multiple transcripts encoding the CD45 transmembrane protein, but we also found similar evidence for ten other genes (CD300A, FYB1, GPI, LITAF, PSMA1, PTMA, RPL32, SEPTIN9, SH3BP2, SH3KBP1) when comparing the expression patterns of transcripts within myeloid and lymphoid cells. We also identified five genes with differentially expressed transcripts associated with the transition from monocytes to macrophages (FNBP1, KLF6, and SEPTIN9) or between macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages (CD44, OAZ2, and SEPTIN9). For the most part, we found that the different transcripts of these genes are expected to impact specific biological functions, for example the different transcripts of SEPTIN9 likely regulate the cytoskeleton in immune cells via their interactions with actins filaments and microtubules.This analytic approach successfully identified multi-transcript genes that are differentially expressed across immune cells and could be applied to other transcriptomic data.Researchers can request access to the individual-level data from the current study by contacting the Montreal Heart Institute ethics committee at the following institutional email address: cer.icm@icm-mhi.org.
Published: 2023
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18. Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution.

Author: Hailiang Huang, Ming Fang, Luke Jostins, Masa Umicevic Mirkov, Gabrielle Boucher, Carl A. Anderson, Vibeke Andersen, Isabelle Cleynen, Adrian Cortes, François Crins, Mauro D'Amato, Valérie Deffontaine, Julia Dmitrieva, Elisa Docampo, Mahmoud Elansary, Kyle Kai-How Farh, Andre Franke, Ann-Stephan Gori, Philippe Goyette, Jonas Halfvarson, Talin Haritunians, Jo Knight, Ian C. Lawrance, Charlie W. Lees, Edouard Louis, Rob Mariman, Theo H. E. Meuwissen, Myriam Mni, Yukihide Momozawa, Miles Parkes, Sarah L. Spain, Emilie Théâtre, Gosia Trynka, Jack Satsangi, Suzanne van Sommeren, Severine Vermeire, Ramnik J. Xavier, Rinse K. Weersma, Richard H. Duerr, Christopher G. P. Mathew, John D. Rioux, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Judy H. Cho, Michel Georges, Mark J. Daly, and Jeffrey C. Barrett
Published: 2017
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19. Human enteric viruses autonomously shape inflammatory bowel disease phenotype through divergent innate immunomodulation

Author: Fatemeh Adiliaghdam, Hajera Amatullah, Sreehaas Digumarthi, Tahnee L. Saunders, Raza-Ur Rahman, Lai Ping Wong, Ruslan Sadreyev, Lindsay Droit, Jean Paquette, Philippe Goyette, John D. Rioux, Richard Hodin, Kathie A. Mihindukulasuriya, Scott A. Handley, and Kate L. Jeffrey
Subjects: Inflammation, Immunology, General Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Article, digestive system diseases, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Immunomodulation, Mice, Phenotype, Viruses, Animals, Humans, Enterovirus
Abstract: Altered enteric microorganisms in concert with host genetics shape inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotypes. However, insight is limited to bacteria and fungi. We found that eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages (collectively, the virome), enriched from non-IBD, noninflamed human colon resections, actively elicited atypical anti-inflammatory innate immune programs. Conversely, ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease colon resection viromes provoked inflammation, which was successfully dampened by non-IBD viromes. The IBD colon tissue virome was perturbed, including an increase in the enterovirus B species of eukaryotic picornaviruses, not previously detected in fecal virome studies. Mice humanized with non-IBD colon tissue viromes were protected from intestinal inflammation, whereas IBD virome mice exhibited exacerbated inflammation in a nucleic acid sensing–dependent fashion. Furthermore, there were detrimental consequences for IBD patient–derived intestinal epithelial cells bearing loss-of-function mutations within virus sensor MDA5 when exposed to viromes. Our results demonstrate that innate recognition of IBD or non-IBD human viromes autonomously influences intestinal homeostasis and disease phenotypes. Thus, perturbations in the intestinal virome, or an altered ability to sense the virome due to genetic variation, contribute to the induction of IBD. Harnessing the virome may offer therapeutic and biomarker potential.
Published: 2022
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20. Human enteric viruses shape disease phenotype through divergent innate immunomodulation

Author: Kathie A. Mihindukulasuriya, Richard A. Hodin, Jean Paquette, Lindsay Droit, Sreehaas Digumarthi, Scot A. Handley, Philippe Goyette, Lai Ping Wong, John D. Rioux, Raza-Ur Rahman, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Hajera Amatullah, Tahnee L. Saunders, Kate L. Jeffrey, and Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
Subjects: Innate immune system, Inflammation, MDA5, Biology, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Inflammatory bowel disease, digestive system diseases, Virus, Biomarker, Immunology, medicine, Human virome, medicine.symptom
Abstract: SummaryAltered enteric microorganisms in concert with host genetics shape inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotypes. However, insight is limited to bacteria and fungi. We found virus like particles (VLPs) enriched from normal human colon resections, containing eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages (collectively, the virome), actively elicited atypical anti-inflammatory innate immune programs. Conversely, IBD patient VLPs provoked inflammation, which was successfully dampened by healthy VLPs. The IBD colon tissue virome was perturbed, including enriched PicornovirusEnterovirus B,not previously observed in fecal virome studies. Mice with humanized healthy colon tissue viromes had attenuated intestinal inflammation while those with IBD-derived viromes exhibited exacerbated inflammation in a nucleic acid sensing-dependent fashion. Furthermore, there were detrimental consequences for IBD-associated MDA5 loss-of-function on patient intestinal epithelial cells exposed to healthy or IBD viromes. Our results demonstrate that innate recognition of either healthy or IBD human viromes autonomously influences disease phenotypes in IBD. Harnessing the virome may offer therapeutic and biomarker potential.One Sentence SummaryHuman viromes divergently shape host immunity and disease
Published: 2021
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21. Epigenetic reader SP140 loss of function drives Crohn’s disease due to uncontrolled macrophage topoisomerases

Author: Hajera Amatullah, Isabella Fraschilla, Sreehaas Digumarthi, Julie Huang, Fatemeh Adiliaghdam, Gracia Bonilla, Lai Ping Wong, Marie-Eve Rivard, Claudine Beauchamp, Virginie Mercier, Philippe Goyette, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Robert M. Anthony, John D. Rioux, and Kate L. Jeffrey
Subjects: Proteomics, Mice, Crohn Disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Macrophages, Animals, Humans, Antigens, Nuclear, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Transcription Factors
Abstract: How mis-regulated chromatin directly impacts human immune disorders is poorly understood. Speckled Protein 140 (SP140) is an immune-restricted PHD and bromodomain-containing epigenetic "reader," and SP140 loss-of-function mutations associate with Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the relevance of these mutations and mechanisms underlying SP140-driven pathogenicity remains unexplored. Using a global proteomic strategy, we identified SP140 as a repressor of topoisomerases (TOPs) that maintains heterochromatin and macrophage fate. In humans and mice, SP140 loss resulted in unleashed TOP activity, de-repression of developmentally silenced genes, and ultimately defective microbe-inducible macrophage transcriptional programs and bacterial killing that drive intestinal pathology. Pharmacological inhibition of TOP1/2 rescued these defects. Furthermore, exacerbated colitis was restored with TOP1/2 inhibitors in Sp140
Published: 2022
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22. Sequencing of over 100,000 individuals identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohns disease susceptibility

Author: Schuum P, Daniel B. Graham, Sun D, Seksik P, David T. Okou, Daniel L. Rice, David J. Cutler, Martti Färkkilä, Liefferinckx C, Segal Aw, Andrew T. Chan, Denis Franchimont, Beecham A, Subra Kugathasan, Stacey Gabriel, Stefan Schreiber, Baras A, Kirschner Bs, Goerg S, Juozas Kupcinskas, Jukka Koskela, John C. Mansfield, Kyle Gettler, Devoto M, Dobes A, Debby Laukens, Richard H. Duerr, Myriam Mni, Loescher B, Cosnes J, Mengesha E, William A. Faubion, Joshua Lewis, Graham A. Heap, Voskuil, Christine Stevens, Pekow J, Lisa W. Datta, Adam P. Levine, Khalili H, O’Charoen S, Dan Turner, Nikolas Pontikos, Natalie J. Prescott, Inga Peter, Marc P. Hoeppner, Chung D, Mark S. Silverberg, Dodge S, Talin Haritunians, Moayyedi P, Winter Hs, John D. Rioux, Andre Franke, Holm H. Uhlig, Ferreira M, Matthew Solomonson, Sokol H, Damas Om, Ramnik J. Xavier, Horowitz Je, Iyer, Eija Hämäläinen, Avila B, Dawany N, Newberry R, Bernstein C, Shawky R, Benjamin Glaser, Alison Simmons, Mamta Giri, Bruce E. Sands, Ann E. Pulver, Yuan K, Abreu Mt, Gil Atzmon, Allez M, Young J, Verstockt S, Aarno Palotie, Hongyan Huang, Kimmo Kontula, Ellinghaus E, van der Meulen Ae, Ahmad T, Oldenburg B, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Daly A, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Peter M. Irving, Miles Parkes, Jacob L. McCauley, Päivi Saavalainen, Pierik Mj, Alain Bitton, Guhan Venkataraman, Rinse K. Weersma, Schiff Er, Manuel A. Rivas, Harry Ostrer, Bokemeyer B, Judy H. Cho, Sandra May, Michel Georges, Isabelle Cleynen, Moran Cj, Laudes M, Beaugerie L, Laura Fachal, Nir Barzilai, Mikko Hiltunen, Somineni H, Stephan R. Targan, Skeiceviciene J, Kelsen J, Sartor Br, Christopher A. Lamb, Philippe Goyette, Steven R. Brant, Souad Rahmouni, Mark J. Daly, Sheikh Sz, Edouard Louis, Jalas C, Carl A. Anderson, Severine Vermeire, and Aleksejs Sazonovs
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Population, Susceptibility gene, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Biology, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease susceptibility, 0302 clinical medicine, Disease risk, education, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of loci associated with Crohns disease (CD), however, as with all complex diseases, deriving pathogenic mechanisms from these non-coding GWAS discoveries has been challenging. To complement GWAS and better define actionable biological targets, we analysed sequenced data from more than 30,000 CD patients and 80,000 population controls. We observe rare coding variants in established CD susceptibility genes as well as ten genes where coding variation directly implicates the gene in disease risk for the first time.
Published: 2021
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23. EP1068: GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO IBD IMPACTS ON EPITHELIAL BARRIER INTEGRITY

Author: Isabelle Hébert-Milette, Chloé Lévesque, Marie-Ève Rivard, Jean Paquette, Philippe Goyette, Guy Charron, and John D. Rioux
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022
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24. IBD-associated G protein-coupled receptor 65 variant compromises signalling and impairs key functions involved in inflammation

Author: Virginie Mercier, Gabrielle Boucher, Dominic Devost, Kyla Bourque, Azadeh Alikashani, Claudine Beauchamp, Alain Bitton, Sylvain Foisy, Philippe Goyette, Guy Charron, Terence E. Hébert, and John D. Rioux
Subjects: Inflammation, HEK293 Cells, Inflammasomes, Interleukin-1beta, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Humans, Cell Biology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Article, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result in chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Genetic studies have shown that the GPR65 gene, as well as its missense coding variant, GPR65*Ile231Leu, is associated with IBD. We aimed to define the signalling and biological pathways downstream of GPR65 activation and evaluate the impact of GPR65*231Leu on these. METHODS: We used HEK 293 cells stably expressing GPR65 and deficient for either Gα(s), Gα(q/11) or Gα(12/13), to define GPR65 signalling pathways, IBD patient biopsies and a panel of human tissues, primary immune cells and cell lines to determine biologic context, and genetic modulation of human THP-1-derived macrophages to examine the impact of GPR65 in bacterial phagocytosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. RESULTS: We confirmed that GPR65 signals via the Gα(s) pathway, leading to cAMP accumulation. GPR65 can also signal via the Gα(12/13) pathway leading to formation of stress fibers, actin remodelling and RhoA activation; all impaired by the IBD-associated GPR65*231Leu allele. Gene expression profiling revealed greater expression of GPR65 in biopsies from inflamed compared to non-inflamed tissues from IBD patients or control individuals, potentially explained by infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Decreased GPR65 expression in THP-1-derived macrophages leads to impaired bacterial phagocytosis, increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in response to an inflammatory stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that GPR65 exerts its effects through Gα(s)- and Gα(12/13)-mediated pathways, that the IBD-associated GPR65*231Leu allele has compromised interactions with Gα(12/13) and that KD of GPR65 leads to impaired bacterial phagocytosis and increased inflammatory signaling via the NLRP3 inflammasome. This work identifies a target for development of small molecule therapies.
Published: 2022
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25. A transcriptome-based approach to identify functional modules within and across primary human immune cells. v1

Author: Saraï Mola, Sylvain Foisy, Gabrielle Boucher, François Major, Claudine Beauchamp, Mohamad Karaky, Philippe Goyette, Sylvie Lesage, and John David Rioux.
Abstract: Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have provided valuable insight into fundamental biology and disease pathophysiology. Many studies have taken advantage of the correlation in the expression patterns of the transcriptome to infer potential biologic function of uncharacterized genes and multiple groups have examined the relationship between co-expression, co-regulation, and gene function on a broader scale. Given the unique characteristics of immune cells circulating in blood, we were interested in determining whether it was possible to identify functional co-expression modules in human immune cells. Specifically, we sequenced the transcriptome of nine immune cell types from peripheral blood cells of healthy donors and, using a combination of global and targeted analyses of genes within co-expression modules, we were able to determine functions for these modules that were cell lineage specific or shared among multiple cell lineages. In addition, our analyses identified transcription factors likely important for immune cell lineage commitment and/or maintenance.
Published: 2020
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26. A comprehensive evaluation of the genetic architecture of sudden cardiac arrest

Author: Barbara McKnight, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Raha Pazoki, Michael W.T. Tanck, Thomas Engstrøm, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Man Li, Martin VanDenburgh, Marieke T. Blom, Reza Jabbari, Thomas Meitinger, Philippe Goyette, Anna Moes, Rebecca N. Mitchell, Christine M. Albert, Aravinda Chakravarti, Dan E. Arking, Jean-Claude Tardif, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Foram N. Ashar, Pui-Yan Kwok, Frank D. Kolodgie, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Renu Virmani, Susan R. Heckbert, Angel C.Y. Mak, David S. Siscovick, Vinicius Tragante, Xavier Jouven, Hanno L. Tan, John D. Rioux, Mark Eijgelsheim, Ronald J. Prineas, Nona Sotoodehnia, Xiaoqing Zhao, Stefan A. Escher, Heikki V. Huikuri, Bruce M. Psaty, Charlotte Glinge, Albert Hofman, Oscar H. Franco, Florence Dumas, Bruno H. Stricker, M. Juhani Junttila, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Josef Coresh, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Paul W. Franks, Shih-Jen Hwang, Veikko Salomaa, Jan-Håkan Jansson, Stefan Kääb, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Paul I.W. de Bakker, Jennifer A. Brody, Aki S. Havulinna, André G. Uitterlinden, Georg Ehret, Jerome I. Rotter, Thomas Lumley, Connie R. Bezzina, Marc K. Halushka, Sara L. Pulit, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Ehret, Georg Benedikt, Cardiology, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Methodology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, and APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases
Subjects: Male, Genome-wide association study, Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Arrhythmias, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, VARIANTS, Cardiovascular, Bioinformatics, Body Mass Index, Sudden cardiac death, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Family history, Aetiology, Cardiac/genetics/physiopathology, reproductive and urinary physiology, POPULATION, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Coronary Artery Disease/genetics, ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RISK, DEATH, hemic and immune systems, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, Death, Heart Disease, MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION, Medical genetics, Female, FIBRILLATION, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac, Cardiac/etiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Sciences, Population, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, Genetic correlation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Heart Conduction System/physiopathology, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Sudden cardiac arrest, Clinical Research, Heart Conduction System, 360 Social problems & social services, RISK-FACTOR, Mendelian randomization, Genetics, Journal Article, Humans, INTERVAL, Polymorphism, Risk Assessment/methods, education, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Prevention, Human Genome, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, medicine.disease, Sudden, Genetic architecture, Good Health and Well Being, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, business
Abstract: BackgroundSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) accounts for 10% of adult mortality in Western populations. While several risk factors are observationally associated with SCA, the genetic architecture of SCA in the general population remains unknown. Furthermore, understanding which risk factors are causal may help target prevention strategies.MethodsWe carried out a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA (n=3,939 cases, 25,989 non-cases) to examine common variation genome-wide and in candidate arrhythmia genes. We also exploited Mendelian randomization methods using cross-trait multi-variant genetic risk score associations (GRSA) to assess causal relationships of 18 risk factors with SCA.ResultsNo variants were associated with SCA at genome-wide significance, nor were common variants in candidate arrhythmia genes associated with SCA at nominal significance. Using cross-trait GRSA, we established genetic correlation between SCA and (1) coronary artery disease (CAD) and traditional CAD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes), (2) height and BMI, and (3) electrical instability traits (QT and atrial fibrillation), suggesting etiologic roles for these traits in SCA risk.ConclusionsOur findings show that a comprehensive approach to the genetic architecture of SCA can shed light on the determinants of a complex life-threatening condition with multiple influencing factors in the general population. The results of this genetic analysis, both positive and negative findings, have implications for evaluating the genetic architecture of patients with a family history of SCA, and for efforts to prevent SCA in highrisk populations and the general community.
Published: 2018
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27. Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution

Author: Rob Mariman, Jo Knight, Charlie W. Lees, Ann-Stephan Gori, Mahmoud Elansary, Michel Georges, Gabrielle Boucher, Isabelle Cleynen, Rinse K. Weersma, Talin Haritunians, John D. Rioux, Suzanne van Sommeren, Valérie Deffontaine, Mauro D'Amato, Theo Meuwissen, Philippe Goyette, Hailiang Huang, Richard H. Duerr, François Crins, Ming Fang, Emilie Theatre, Andre Franke, Julia Dmitrieva, Maša Umićević Mirkov, Severine Vermeire, Gosia Trynka, Myriam Mni, Elisa Docampo, Judy H. Cho, Yukihide Momozawa, Edouard Louis, Jack Satsangi, Adrian Cortes, Ian C. Lawrance, Christopher G Mathew, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Mark J. Daly, Kyle Kai-How Farh, Sarah L. Spain, Vibeke Andersen, Luke Jostins, Miles Parkes, Ramnik J. Xavier, Jonas Halfvarson, Carl A. Anderson, Parkes, Miles [0000-0002-6467-0631], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Linkage Disequilibrium, Epigenesis, Genetic, Crohn Disease, GENE-EXPRESSION, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, COMMON VARIANTS, Middle Aged, Ulcerative colitis, Chromatin, CROHNS-DISEASE, 3. Good health, ULCERATIVE-COLITIS, RARE VARIANTS, Medical genetics, Female, LOW-FREQUENCY, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, Quantitative Trait Loci, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Smad3 Protein, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Genotyping, Genetic association, Aged, Binding Sites, COMPLEX TRAITS, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Colitis, Ulcerative, ILLUMINA MICROARRAY, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have identified 200 inflammatory bowel disease-associated loci, but few have been conclusively resolved to specific functional variants. Here we report fine-mapping of 94 inflammatory bowel disease loci using high-density genotyping in 67,852 individuals. We pinpoint 18 associations to a single causal variant with greater than 95% certainty, and an additional 27 associations to a single variant with greater than 50% certainty. These 45 variants are significantly enriched for protein-coding changes (n = 13), direct disruption of transcription-factor binding sites (n = 3), and tissue-specific epigenetic marks (n = 10), with the last category showing enrichment in specific immune cells among associations stronger in Crohn's disease and in gut mucosa among associations stronger in ulcerative colitis. The results of this study suggest that high-resolution fine-mapping in large samples can convert many discoveries from genome-wide association studies into statistically convincing causal variants, providing a powerful substrate for experimental elucidation of disease mechanisms.
Published: 2017
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28. Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes

Author: Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Salma M. Wakil, Lisa R. Yanek, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn, Gert J. de Borst, Alison D. Murray, Kamran Guity, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Mario Pirastu, Carole Ober, Giuseppe Matullo, Charles N. Rotimi, Daniela Ruggiero, Teresa Tusié-Luna, Wolfgang Lieb, Chew-Kiat Heng, John R. B. Perry, Hortensia Moreno-Macías, Jie Zhou, John M. Starr, Juhani Junttila, Lei Yu, Danielle Posthuma, Marcus Dörr, Yingchang Lu, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Karina Meidtner, Wouter van Rheenen, T Esko, Maris Alver, Wen-Jane Lee, Zhengming Chen, Jennifer A. Brody, Paolo Gasparini, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Cinzia Sala, Peter P. Pramstaller, Gauri Prasad, Nana Matoba, Natalie Terzikhan, Simonetta Guarrera, Bjarke Feenstra, Peter Vollenweider, Smeeta Shrestha, Yi-Jen Hung, Lilja Stefansdottir, David R. Weir, Felix R. Day, Antonietta Robino, Liang Zhang, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Nicholas J. Timpson, Robyn E Wootton, Xue W. Mei, Dharambir K. Sanghera, Gisli Masson, Debbie A Lawlor, Thomas Meitinger, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Peter K. Joshi, Frank J. A. van Rooij, Claude Bouchard, Cassandra N. Spracklen, Ken K. Ong, Taulant Muka, Guanjie Chen, Laura J. Scott, Walter Palmas, Daniel I. Chasman, Sarah E. Medland, Krista Fischer, Blair H. Smith, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Leon Straker, Clara Viberti, Yuan Shi, Louis Pérusse, Peter J. van der Most, Timo Tõnis Sikka, Chris Haley, Kuang Lin, Leif Groop, Hester M. den Ruijter, Hakon Hakonarson, Masato Akiyama, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Sonja I. Berndt, Jeffery R. O'Connell, Cisca Wijmenga, Daniele Cusi, Lorena Orozco, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Kevin Sandow, Stephen S. Rich, Stephanie J. Loomis, George Davey Smith, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Sharvari Rahul Shukla, Agnar Helgason, Thorsten Kessler, Anuj Goel, Dan Mason, David W. Clark, James S. Pankow, Simona Vaccargiu, Uwe Völker, Tamara B. Harris, Matthew A. Allison, Clicerio Gonzalez, Sarju Ralhan, I-Te Lee, Matthias Laudes, Yen-Feng Chiu, Neil Poulter, Benjamin Lehne, John Wright, Lawrence F. Bielak, Philip L. De Jager, Reinhold Schmidt, Ya Xing Wang, Matthias Nauck, Diana L. Cousminer, Patrick Deelen, Ani Manichaikul, Stephen J. Chanock, Anders Hamsten, Barry I. Freedman, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Peter Kraft, Ozren Polasek, Jie Yao, Yoshinori Murakami, Paul M. Ridker, Anubha Mahajan, Struan F.A. Grant, Claudia Schurmann, Bjarni Gunnarsson, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Jessica van Setten, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Alena Stančáková, Markus M. Lerch, Anuradha Jagadeesan, Franco Giulianini, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Shengchao Alfred Li, Peter S. Sever, Trevor A. Mori, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Koichi Matsuda, Xueling Sim, Evangelos Evangelou, André G. Uitterlinden, Pekka Jousilahti, Yukihide Momozawa, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Chao A. Hsiung, Ginevra Biino, Murielle Bochud, Hannele Mattsson, Ilja M. Nolte, Sarah H. Wild, Patricia B. Munroe, Jianjun Liu, Bruce M. Psaty, Giriraj R. Chandak, Masahiro Kanai, Tony R. Merriman, Teemu Palviainen, Rodney A. Lea, Janie Corley, Nicholas J. Wareham, Alan B. Zonderman, Makoto Hirata, Matthew J. Bixley, Caroline Hayward, Nora Franceschini, Kristel R van Eijk, Etienne Patin, Daniel Shriner, Niek Verweij, Xiuqing Guo, Fredrik Karpe, Ruth J. F. Loos, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Ashley van der Spek, Patricia A. Peyser, Jessica D. Faul, Christian Fuchsberger, David Cesarini, Alex S. F. Doney, Janine F. Felix, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Jagadish Vangipurapu, Tanguy Corre, Line Skotte, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Catherine Igartua, Meena Kumari, Nona Sotoodehnia, Leonard H. van den Berg, Najaf Amin, Dale R. Nyholt, Harry Campbell, Massimiliano Cocca, Scott D. Gordon, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, John C. Chambers, Traci M. Bartz, Mike A. Nalls, Tin Aung, Nduna Dzimiri, Colin N. A. Palmer, Rob M. van Dam, Johanna Kuusisto, Russell P. Tracy, Anna Damulina, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Sylvain Foisy, Jing Hua Zhao, Nicholas G. Martin, Ching-Yu Cheng, Mariaelisa Graff, Rashmi B. Prasad, Alice Stanton, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Yu Guo, Helen R. Warren, Lyn R. Griffiths, Weihua Meng, Annika Tillander, Christa Meisinger, Albert V. Smith, Mark I. McCarthy, Jingyun Yang, Marine Germain, Neil Small, Linda Broer, Vilmundur Gudnason, Gunnar K. Pálsson, Michele K. Evans, Alexander Teumer, Mark J. Caulfield, Giorgia Girotto, Thomas Lumley, Tinca J. C. Polderman, Wei Zhao, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Jari Lahti, Matthew L. Albert, Yechiel Friedlander, Veikko Salomaa, Iona Y Millwood, Jan H. Veldink, Archie Campbell, Andres Metspalu, Ulf Gyllensten, Grant W. Montgomery, Veronique Vitart, Jai Rup Singh, Saima Afaq, Alan R. Shuldiner, Miao-Li Chee, Adebowale Adeyemo, Jennifer A. Smith, David A. van Heel, Jaspal S. Kooner, Daniela Toniolo, Cristian Pattaro, Jerome I. Rotter, John Whitfield, Melissa C. Smart, Kari E. North, Salman M. Tajuddin, Tallapragada Divya Sri Priyanka, Christopher A. Haiman, Diane M. Becker, Bernhard K. Krämer, Paul Elliott, Lihua Wang, He Gao, Patrick Sulem, Jinyan Huang, Chiea Chuen Khor, Ruifang Li-Gao, Åsa Johansson, Winfried März, Shai Carmi, Ilaria Gandin, Eric Boerwinkle, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Sander W. van der Laan, Gerard Pasterkamp, E-Shyong Tai, Hagit Hochner, Yih Chung Tham, Kent D. Taylor, Kari Stefansson, Matt J. Neville, Craig E. Pennell, Yanchun Bao, Annelot M. Dekker, Helena Schmidt, Mehdi Hedayati, Joshua Elliott, Ian J. Deary, Iris E. Jansen, Judith B. Borja, Edith Hofer, Martin Gögele, Igor Rudan, Lude Franke, Matthias Munz, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Bengt Sennblad, Imo Hofer, John D. Rioux, Pim van der Harst, Bahareh Sedaghati-khayat, Giovanni Cugliari, Morris A. Swertz, Francine Grodstein, Erwin P. Bottinger, Carol A. Wang, Andre Franke, Brian F. Meyer, Adele M. Taylor, Klodian Dhana, Jian'an Luan, Constance Turman, Robert A. Scott, May E. Montasser, Alison Pattie, Marco Brumat, Liming Li, Heiner Boeing, Karen L. Mohlke, Clemens Baumbach, Bishwa Raj Sapkota, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Naveed Sattar, Amy R. Bentley, Matthias B. Schulze, Ivana Kolcic, Stella Trompet, Sarah E. Harris, Ayo P. Doumatey, Charumathi Sabanayagam, David Eccles, Mary F. Feitosa, Jost B. Jonas, Massimo Mezzavilla, Mark O. Goodarzi, David Ellinghaus, Heribert Schunkert, Christian Gieger, Heikki V. Huikuri, Lingyao Zeng, Johan G. Eriksson, Woon-Puay Koh, Yucheng Jia, Gurpreet Singh Wander, James F. Wilson, Torgny Karlsson, Steven C. Hunt, Weihua Zhang, Maria Pina Concas, Zoltán Kutalik, Rebecca Rohde, Chittaranjan S. Yajnik, Yasaman Saba, Dabeeru C. Rao, Robin G. Walters, Reedik Mägi, Marie Loh, Eero Vuoksimaa, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Katri Räikkönen, Philippe Goyette, M. Arfan Ikram, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, David J. Porteous, Teresa Nutile, J. Wouter Jukema, Noha A. Yousri, Yoichiro Kamatani, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Babette S. Zemel, Rona J. Strawbridge, Tien Yin Wong, Claudia Langenberg, Amy Moore, Marcus E. Kleber, Fereidoun Azizi, Avner Halevy, Erika Salvi, Francis S. Collins, Markku Laakso, Tim Kacprowski, S. Sunna Ebenesersdóttir, William R. Scott, Michael Boehnke, Jin-Fang Chai, Markus Perola, Nicola Pirastu, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Robert Karlsson, Lenore J. Launer, Lili Milani, Renée de Mutsert, Fernando Rivadeneira, David A. Bennett, Nicola D. Kerrison, Paolo Manunta, Graciela E. Delgado, Magnus Johannesson, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Alanna C. Morrison, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jian-Min Yuan, Jaakko Kaprio, Melanie Waldenberger, Ralf Ewert, Hugoline G. de Haan, Andrew A. Hicks, Yukinori Okada, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Stephanie J. London, Federica Rizzi, Jeanette Erdmann, Marina Ciullo, Michiaki Kubo, University of Edinburgh, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN)-RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK (BIHR), Area Science Park, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Harbor UCLA Medical Center [Torrance, Ca.], Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Waterloo] (ECE), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute of Pop. Genetics, CNR, Sassari, Shardna life science Pula Cagliari, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Medstar Research Institute, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Centre for Population Health Sciences, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), California State University [Sacramento], Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Medical University Graz, Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Wellcome Trust Centre of Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Milano, Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland., Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Glasgow, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Genentech, Inc., Genentech, Inc. [San Francisco], University of Tartu, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, University of San Carlos, Office of Population Studies Foundation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), King‘s College London, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of Oxford, Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, University of Chicago, University of Huddersfield, Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Section on Nephrology [Winston-Salem, NC, USA] (Department of Internal Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center-Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Radcliffe Department of Medicine [Oxford], Harvard School of Public Health, Kunming University of Science and Technology (KMUST), Sans affiliation, University of Southern California (USC), National Institute on Aging [Bethesda, USA] (NIA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), MRC Centrer for Nutritional Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention and Survival, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Experimental Cardiology Laboratory (ECL), Unirversity Medical Center, Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland-Kuopio University Hospital, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Metabolic Science, Capital Normal University [Beijing], Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, Brown University, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Toyota Research Institute, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Metacohorts Consortium, Universiteit Leiden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen [Groningen], Medical Research Concil Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Genetics and Pathology, Imperial College London, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Stockholm Bioinformatics Center (SBC), Stockholm University, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, INRH, Department of Genetics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Western General Hospital, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Medical Research Council, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute-University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [Niigata Univ.], Niigata University, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University College of London [London] (UCL), Aston Business School, Aston University [Birmingham], Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [Bethesda, MD, États-Unis], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Pennington Biomedical Research Center, University of Washington [Seattle], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Genomics of Common Disease [London, UK], Imperial College London-Hammersmith Hospital NHS Imperial College Healthcare, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Physics, RISSC-Lab-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Lund University [Lund], Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], The Generation R Study, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology [New York, NY, États-Unis] (CTCN), Department of Neurology [New York, NY, États-Unis], Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University [New York], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands, School of Public Health, University of Michigan [Dearborn], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Kuopio, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC)-UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health-Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Umea University Hospital, Functional Genomics, Erasmus Medical Centre, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, University of Maryland School of Medicine [Baltimore, MD, USA], Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol [Bristol]-Medical Research Council, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], U937, Génomique cardiovasculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), University of Michigan System, HMNC Brain Health, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Groningen, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Microbiology, The Freeman Hospital, Department Biostatistics University of North Carolina, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Clark, D. W., Okada, Y., Moore, K. H. S., Mason, D., Pirastu, N., Gandin, I., Mattsson, H., Barnes, C. L. K., Lin, K., Zhao, J. H., Deelen, P., Rohde, R., Schurmann, C., Guo, X., Giulianini, F., Zhang, W., Medina-Gomez, C., Karlsson, R., Bao, Y., Bartz, T. M., Baumbach, C., Biino, G., Bixley, M. J., Brumat, M., Chai, J. -F., Corre, T., Cousminer, D. L., Dekker, A. M., Eccles, D. A., van Eijk, K. R., Fuchsberger, C., Gao, H., Germain, M., Gordon, S. D., de Haan, H. G., Harris, S. E., Hofer, E., Huerta-Chagoya, A., Igartua, C., Jansen, I. E., Jia, Y., Kacprowski, T., Karlsson, T., Kleber, M. E., Li, S. A., Li-Gao, R., Mahajan, A., Matsuda, K., Meidtner, K., Meng, W., Montasser, M. E., van der Most, P. J., Munz, M., Nutile, T., Palviainen, T., Prasad, G., Prasad, R. B., Priyanka, T. D. S., Rizzi, F., Salvi, E., Sapkota, B. R., Shriner, D., Skotte, L., Smart, M. C., Smith, A. V., van der Spek, A., Spracklen, C. N., Strawbridge, R. J., Tajuddin, S. M., Trompet, S., Turman, C., Verweij, N., Viberti, C., Wang, L., Warren, H. R., Wootton, R. E., Yanek, L. R., Yao, J., Yousri, N. A., Zhao, W., Adeyemo, A. A., Afaq, S., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Akiyama, M., Albert, M. L., Allison, M. A., Alver, M., Aung, T., Azizi, F., Bentley, A. R., Boeing, H., Boerwinkle, E., Borja, J. B., de Borst, G. J., Bottinger, E. P., Broer, L., Campbell, H., Chanock, S., Chee, M. -L., Chen, G., Chen, Y. -D. I., Chen, Z., Chiu, Y. -F., Cocca, M., Collins, F. S., Concas, M. P., Corley, J., Cugliari, G., van Dam, R. M., Damulina, A., Daneshpour, M. S., Day, F. R., Delgado, G. E., Dhana, K., Doney, A. S. F., Dorr, M., Doumatey, A. P., Dzimiri, N., Ebenesersdottir, S. S., Elliott, J., Elliott, P., Ewert, R., Felix, J. F., Fischer, K., Freedman, B. I., Girotto, G., Goel, A., Gogele, M., Goodarzi, M. O., Graff, M., Granot-Hershkovitz, E., Grodstein, F., Guarrera, S., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Guity, K., Gunnarsson, B., Guo, Y., Hagenaars, S. P., Haiman, C. A., Halevy, A., Harris, T. B., Hedayati, M., van Heel, D. A., Hirata, M., Hofer, I., Hsiung, C. A., Huang, J., Hung, Y. -J., Ikram, M. A., Jagadeesan, A., Jousilahti, P., Kamatani, Y., Kanai, M., Kerrison, N. D., Kessler, T., Khaw, K. -T., Khor, C. C., de Kleijn, D. P. V., Koh, W. -P., Kolcic, I., Kraft, P., Kramer, B. K., Kutalik, Z., Kuusisto, J., Langenberg, C., Launer, L. J., Lawlor, D. A., Lee, I. -T., Lee, W. -J., Lerch, M. M., Li, L., Liu, J., Loh, M., London, S. J., Loomis, S., Lu, Y., Luan, J., Magi, R., Manichaikul, A. W., Manunta, P., Masson, G., Matoba, N., Mei, X. W., Meisinger, C., Meitinger, T., Mezzavilla, M., Milani, L., Millwood, I. Y., Momozawa, Y., Moore, A., Morange, P. -E., Moreno-Macias, H., Mori, T. A., Morrison, A. C., Muka, T., Murakami, Y., Murray, A. D., de Mutsert, R., Mychaleckyj, J. C., Nalls, M. A., Nauck, M., Neville, M. J., Nolte, I. M., Ong, K. K., Orozco, L., Padmanabhan, S., Palsson, G., Pankow, J. S., Pattaro, C., Pattie, A., Polasek, O., Poulter, N., Pramstaller, P. P., Quintana-Murci, L., Raikkonen, K., Ralhan, S., Rao, D. C., van Rheenen, W., Rich, S. S., Ridker, P. M., Rietveld, C. A., Robino, A., van Rooij, F. J. A., Ruggiero, D., Saba, Y., Sabanayagam, C., Sabater-Lleal, M., Sala, C. F., Salomaa, V., Sandow, K., Schmidt, H., Scott, L. J., Scott, W. R., Sedaghati-Khayat, B., Sennblad, B., van Setten, J., Sever, P. J., Sheu, W. H. -H., Shi, Y., Shrestha, S., Shukla, S. R., Sigurdsson, J. K., Sikka, T. T., Singh, J. R., Smith, B. H., Stancakova, A., Stanton, A., Starr, J. M., Stefansdottir, L., Straker, L., Sulem, P., Sveinbjornsson, G., Swertz, M. A., Taylor, A. M., Taylor, K. D., Terzikhan, N., Tham, Y. -C., Thorleifsson, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Tillander, A., Tracy, R. P., Tusie-Luna, T., Tzoulaki, I., Vaccargiu, S., Vangipurapu, J., Veldink, J. H., Vitart, V., Volker, U., Vuoksimaa, E., Wakil, S. M., Waldenberger, M., Wander, G. S., Wang, Y. X., Wareham, N. J., Wild, S., Yajnik, C. S., Yuan, J. -M., Zeng, L., Zhang, L., Zhou, J., Amin, N., Asselbergs, F. W., Bakker, S. J. L., Becker, D. M., Lehne, B., Bennett, D. A., van den Berg, L. H., Berndt, S. I., Bharadwaj, D., Bielak, L. F., Bochud, M., Boehnke, M., Bouchard, C., Bradfield, J. P., Brody, J. A., Campbell, A., Carmi, S., Caulfield, M. J., Cesarini, D., Chambers, J. C., Chandak, G. R., Cheng, C. -Y., Ciullo, M., Cornelis, M., Cusi, D., Smith, G. D., Deary, I. J., Dorajoo, R., van Duijn, C. M., Ellinghaus, D., Erdmann, J., Eriksson, J. G., Evangelou, E., Evans, M. K., Faul, J. D., Feenstra, B., Feitosa, M., Foisy, S., Franke, A., Friedlander, Y., Gasparini, P., Gieger, C., Gonzalez, C., Goyette, P., Grant, S. F. A., Griffiths, L. R., Groop, L., Gudnason, V., Gyllensten, U., Hakonarson, H., Hamsten, A., van der Harst, P., Heng, C. -K., Hicks, A. A., Hochner, H., Huikuri, H., Hunt, S. C., Jaddoe, V. W. V., De Jager, P. L., Johannesson, M., Johansson, A., Jonas, J. B., Jukema, J. W., Junttila, J., Kaprio, J., Kardia, S. L. R., Karpe, F., Kumari, M., Laakso, M., van der Laan, S. W., Lahti, J., Laudes, M., Lea, R. A., Lieb, W., Lumley, T., Martin, N. G., Marz, W., Matullo, G., Mccarthy, M. I., Medland, S. E., Merriman, T. R., Metspalu, A., Meyer, B. F., Mohlke, K. L., Montgomery, G. W., Mook-Kanamori, D., Munroe, P. B., North, K. E., Nyholt, D. R., O'Connell, J. R., Ober, C., Oldehinkel, A. J., Palmas, W., Palmer, C., Pasterkamp, G. G., Patin, E., Pennell, C. E., Perusse, L., Peyser, P. A., Pirastu, M., Polderman, T. J. C., Porteous, D. J., Posthuma, D., Psaty, B. M., Rioux, J. D., Rivadeneira, F., Rotimi, C., Rotter, J. I., Rudan, I., Den Ruijter, H. M., Sanghera, D. K., Sattar, N., Schmidt, R., Schulze, M. B., Schunkert, H., Scott, R. A., Shuldiner, A. R., Sim, X., Small, N., Smith, J. A., Sotoodehnia, N., Tai, E. -S., Teumer, A., Timpson, N. J., Toniolo, D., Tregouet, D. -A., Tuomi, T., Vollenweider, P., Wang, C. A., Weir, D. R., Whitfield, J. B., Wijmenga, C., Wong, T. -Y., Wright, J., Yang, J., Yu, L., Zemel, B. S., Zonderman, A. B., Perola, M., Magnusson, P. K. E., Uitterlinden, A. G., Kooner, J. S., Chasman, D. I., Loos, R. J. F., Franceschini, N., Franke, L., Haley, C. S., Hayward, C., Walters, R. G., Perry, J. R. B., Esko, T., Helgason, A., Stefansson, K., Joshi, P. K., Kubo, M., Wilson, J. F., Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Félagsfræði-, mannfræði- og þjóðfræðideild (HÍ), Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), Félagsvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Social Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Clark, David W [0000-0002-1025-9185], Okada, Yukinori [0000-0002-0311-8472], Moore, Kristjan H S [0000-0002-9579-4362], Mason, Dan [0000-0002-0026-9216], Pirastu, Nicola [0000-0002-5363-3886], Gandin, Ilaria [0000-0003-3196-2491], Deelen, Patrick [0000-0002-5654-3966], Schurmann, Claudia [0000-0003-4158-9192], Medina-Gomez, Carolina [0000-0001-7999-5538], Karlsson, Robert [0000-0002-8949-2587], Bao, Yanchun [0000-0002-6102-5098], Biino, Ginevra [0000-0002-9936-946X], Brumat, Marco [0000-0003-3268-039X], Chai, Jin-Fang [0000-0003-3770-1137], Eccles, David A [0000-0003-4634-4995], Gordon, Scott D [0000-0001-7623-328X], Harris, Sarah E [0000-0002-4941-5106], Kacprowski, Tim [0000-0002-5393-2413], Karlsson, Torgny [0000-0001-8095-6149], Kleber, Marcus E [0000-0003-0663-7275], Mahajan, Anubha [0000-0001-5585-3420], Matsuda, Koichi [0000-0001-7292-2686], Meng, Weihua [0000-0001-5388-8494], van der Most, Peter J [0000-0001-8450-3518], Munz, Matthias [0000-0002-4728-3357], Palviainen, Teemu [0000-0002-7847-8384], Prasad, Rashmi B [0000-0002-4400-6741], Salvi, Erika [0000-0002-2724-2291], Skotte, Line [0000-0002-7398-1271], van der Spek, Ashley [0000-0001-7136-0159], Spracklen, Cassandra N [0000-0003-3590-7182], Strawbridge, Rona J [0000-0001-8506-3585], Tajuddin, Salman M [0000-0002-7919-8528], Verweij, Niek [0000-0002-4303-7685], Yanek, Lisa R [0000-0001-7117-1075], Zhao, Wei [0000-0001-7388-0692], Albert, Matthew L [0000-0001-7285-6973], Bentley, Amy R [0000-0002-0827-9101], Chanock, Stephen [0000-0002-2324-3393], Chen, Zhengming [0000-0001-6423-105X], Chiu, Yen-Feng [0000-0002-3352-4500], Cocca, Massimiliano [0000-0002-1127-7596], Collins, Francis S [0000-0002-1023-7410], Cugliari, Giovanni [0000-0002-6080-0718], Damulina, Anna [0000-0001-8241-2727], Day, Felix R [0000-0003-3789-7651], Dhana, Klodian [0000-0002-6397-7009], Dzimiri, Nduna [0000-0003-3395-5754], Elliott, Paul [0000-0002-7511-5684], Felix, Janine F [0000-0002-9801-5774], Freedman, Barry I [0000-0003-0275-5530], Girotto, Giorgia [0000-0003-4507-6589], Goel, Anuj [0000-0003-2307-4021], Goodarzi, Mark O [0000-0001-6364-5103], Gudbjartsson, Daniel F [0000-0002-5222-9857], Guity, Kamran [0000-0002-8379-9668], van Heel, David A [0000-0002-0637-2265], Hirata, Makoto [0000-0002-9994-9958], Ikram, M Arfan [0000-0003-0372-8585], Kamatani, Yoichiro [0000-0001-8748-5597], Kanai, Masahiro [0000-0001-5165-4408], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Kolcic, Ivana [0000-0001-7918-6052], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Lawlor, Deborah A [0000-0002-6793-2262], Liu, Jianjun [0000-0002-3255-3019], London, Stephanie J [0000-0003-4911-5290], Luan, Jian’an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Matoba, Nana [0000-0001-5329-0134], Mei, Xue W [0000-0002-6279-4884], Mezzavilla, Massimo [0000-0002-9000-4595], Milani, Lili [0000-0002-5323-3102], Mori, Trevor A [0000-0002-5264-9229], Murakami, Yoshinori [0000-0002-2826-4396], Murray, Alison D [0000-0003-4915-4847], Mychaleckyj, Josyf C [0000-0003-2595-0005], Neville, Matt J [0000-0002-6004-5433], Nolte, Ilja M [0000-0001-5047-4077], Ong, Ken K [0000-0003-4689-7530], Pálsson, Gunnar [0000-0002-8231-3961], Pankow, James S [0000-0001-7076-483X], Pattaro, Cristian [0000-0002-4119-0109], Quintana-Murci, Lluis [0000-0003-2429-6320], van Rheenen, Wouter [0000-0002-5860-1533], Rich, Stephen S [0000-0003-3872-7793], Rietveld, Cornelius A [0000-0003-4053-1861], Ruggiero, Daniela [0000-0003-3898-7827], Sabanayagam, Charumathi [0000-0002-4042-4719], Sabater-Lleal, Maria [0000-0002-0128-379X], Sala, Cinzia Felicita [0000-0003-2514-2075], Salomaa, Veikko [0000-0001-7563-5324], Scott, Laura J [0000-0002-4886-5084], Sedaghati-Khayat, Bahareh [0000-0002-7665-8648], Sennblad, Bengt [0000-0002-4360-8003], van Setten, Jessica [0000-0002-4934-7510], Smith, Blair H [0000-0002-5362-9430], Stančáková, Alena [0000-0002-1375-0252], Stanton, Alice [0000-0002-4961-165X], Straker, Leon [0000-0002-7786-4128], Sulem, Patrick [0000-0001-7123-6123], Swertz, Morris A [0000-0002-0979-3401], Taylor, Kent D [0000-0002-2756-4370], Tzoulaki, Ioanna [0000-0002-4275-9328], Veldink, Jan H [0000-0001-5572-9657], Vitart, Veronique [0000-0002-4991-3797], Völker, Uwe [0000-0002-5689-3448], Wander, Gurpreet S [0000-0002-4596-4247], Wang, Ya Xing [0000-0003-2749-7793], Wild, Sarah [0000-0001-7824-2569], Yuan, Jian-Min [0000-0002-4620-3108], Asselbergs, Folkert W [0000-0002-1692-8669], Boehnke, Mike [0000-0002-6442-7754], Bouchard, Claude [0000-0002-0048-491X], Brody, Jennifer A [0000-0001-8509-148X], Campbell, Archie [0000-0003-0198-5078], Caulfield, Mark J [0000-0001-9295-3594], Smith, George Davey [0000-0002-1407-8314], Dorajoo, Rajkumar [0000-0001-6608-2051], Ellinghaus, David [0000-0002-4332-6110], Erdmann, Jeanette [0000-0002-4486-6231], Evangelou, Evangelos [0000-0002-5488-2999], Feenstra, Bjarke [0000-0003-1478-649X], Feitosa, Mary [0000-0002-0933-2410], Franke, Andre [0000-0003-1530-5811], Grant, Struan F A [0000-0003-2025-5302], Griffiths, Lyn R [0000-0002-6774-5475], Groop, Leif [0000-0002-0187-3263], Gudnason, Vilmundur [0000-0001-5696-0084], van der Harst, Pim [0000-0002-2713-686X], Heng, Chew-Kiat [0000-0002-7309-9473], Hicks, Andrew A [0000-0001-6320-0411], Jaddoe, Vincent W V [0000-0003-2939-0041], De Jager, Philip L [0000-0002-8057-2505], Johannesson, Magnus [0000-0001-8759-6393], Johansson, Åsa [0000-0002-2915-4498], Jonas, Jost B [0000-0003-2972-5227], Jukema, J Wouter [0000-0002-3246-8359], Kaprio, Jaakko [0000-0002-3716-2455], Laakso, Markku [0000-0002-3394-7749], van der Laan, Sander W [0000-0001-6888-1404], Lahti, Jari [0000-0002-4310-5297], Martin, Nicholas G [0000-0003-4069-8020], Medland, Sarah E [0000-0003-1382-380X], Merriman, Tony R [0000-0003-0844-8726], Metspalu, Andres [0000-0002-3718-796X], Mohlke, Karen L [0000-0001-6721-153X], Montgomery, Grant W [0000-0002-4140-8139], Munroe, Patricia B [0000-0002-4176-2947], Nyholt, Dale R [0000-0001-7159-3040], Ober, Carole [0000-0003-4626-9809], Oldehinkel, Albertine J [0000-0003-3925-3913], Palmer, Colin [0000-0002-6415-6560], Perusse, Louis [0000-0001-6440-9698], Polderman, Tinca J. C. [0000-0001-5564-301X], Porteous, David J [0000-0003-1249-6106], Rioux, John D [0000-0001-7560-8326], Rivadeneira, Fernando [0000-0001-9435-9441], Rotimi, Charles [0000-0001-5759-053X], Rotter, Jerome I [0000-0001-7191-1723], Rudan, Igor [0000-0001-6993-6884], Sattar, Naveed [0000-0002-1604-2593], Sim, Xueling [0000-0002-1233-7642], Smith, Jennifer A [0000-0002-3575-5468], Teumer, Alexander [0000-0002-8309-094X], Timpson, Nicholas J [0000-0002-7141-9189], Tuomi, Tiinamaija [0000-0002-8306-6202], Wang, Carol A [0000-0002-4301-3974], Weir, David R [0000-0002-1661-2402], Whitfield, John B [0000-0002-1103-0876], Magnusson, Patrik K. E. [0000-0002-7315-7899], Uitterlinden, André G [0000-0002-7276-3387], Loos, Ruth J. F. [0000-0002-8532-5087], Franke, Lude [0000-0002-5159-8802], Haley, Chris S [0000-0002-9811-0210], Hayward, Caroline [0000-0002-9405-9550], Walters, Robin G [0000-0002-9179-0321], Joshi, Peter K [0000-0002-6361-5059], Wilson, James F [0000-0001-5751-9178], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Moore, Kristjan HS [0000-0002-9579-4362], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Grant, Struan FA [0000-0003-2025-5302], Jaddoe, Vincent WV [0000-0003-2939-0041], Polderman, Tinca JC [0000-0001-5564-301X], Magnusson, Patrik KE [0000-0002-7315-7899], Loos, Ruth JF [0000-0002-8532-5087], Neurology, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University Management, Developmental Psychology Research Group, Staff Services, Cognitive and Brain Aging, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Department of Public Health, Genetic Epidemiology, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, HUS Abdominal Center, Endokrinologian yksikkö, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [Bradford, UK] (BTHFT), University of Trieste, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Oxford [Oxford], Medical Genetics, Dept. RSD and Public Health, IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo/University of Trieste, sans affiliation, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Hammersmith Hospital NHS Imperial College Healthcare-Imperial College London, Universität zu Lübeck [Lübeck], University of Ioannina Medical School, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II-RISSC-Lab, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of Turin, University of California-University of California, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Erasmus MC other, Internal Medicine, and Applied Economics
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 631/208/1397, Chemistry(all), Health Status, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], LOCI, General Physics and Astronomy, MESH: Haplotype, MESH: Cognition, 030105 genetics & heredity, Runs of Homozygosity, Biochemistry, Consanguinity, Cognition, Inbreeding depression, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Body Size, Inbreeding, Skyldleikarækt, Aetiology, Human phenotypes, lcsh:Science, MESH: Health Status, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Inbreeding Depression, Confounding, Homozygote, RUNS, 631/208/205, 631/208/721, 3. Good health, genomic inbreeding coefficients, MESH: Risk-Taking, 631/208/730, Autozygosit, homozygosity, Erfðarannsóknir, Medical Genetics, genomic inbreeding coefficient, MESH: Homozygote, Offspring, Science, Autozygosity, Blóðsifjar, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, INBREEDING DEPRESSION, HOMOZYGOSITY, FERTILITY, QUANTIFICATION, Physics and Astronomy(all), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Association, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, 360 Social problems & social services, Journal Article, Humans, ddc:610, Allele, Alleles, Medicinsk genetik, Genetic association study, MESH: Consanguinity, MESH: Body Size, MESH: Humans, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), MESH: Alleles, Haplotype, MESH: Fertility, General Chemistry, Brain Disorders, MESH: Inbreeding Depression, 030104 developmental biology, Fertility, Haplotypes, Genetic markers, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3111 Biomedicine, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein)., In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding., This paper is the work of the ROHgen consortium. We thank the Sigma T2D Consortium, whose members are detailed in Supplementary Note 3. We thank the UK Biobank Resource, approved under application 19655; we acknowledge funding from the UK Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit and MRC Doctoral Training Programme in Precision Medicine. We also thank Neil Robertson, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, for use of his author details management software, Authorial. Finally, we thank all the participants, researchers and funders of ROHgen cohorts. Cohort-specific acknowledgements are in Supplementary Data 2; personal acknowledgements and disclosures are in Supplementary Note 2. We thank Rachel Edwards for administrative assistance.
Published: 2019
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29. The effect of sex and underlying disease on the genetic association of QT interval and sudden cardiac death

Author: Philippe Froguel, Philippe Goyette, Nona Sotoodehnia, Rebecca N. Mitchell, Jennifer A. Brody, Foram N. Ashar, Sylvain Sebert, M. Juhani Junttila, Dan E. Arking, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Heikki V. Huikuri, John D. Rioux, and Charles E. Newcomb
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, QT interval, 3. Good health, Sudden cardiac death, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, NOS1AP, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Mendelian randomization, Cohort, medicine, Cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, business, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association
Abstract: BackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for ~300,000 deaths annually in the US. Men have a higher risk of SCD and are more likely to have underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) than women. In contrast, women are more likely to have arrhythmic events in the setting of inherited or acquired QT prolongation. Moreover, there is evidence of sex differences in the underlying genetics of QT interval duration. Using sex- and CAD-stratified analyses, we assess differences in genetic association between prolonged QT interval and SCD risk.MethodsWe examined 2,282 SCD subjects with autopsy-confirmed underlying disease from the Fingesture cohort and 3,561 Finnish controls. The SCD subjects were stratified by underlying disease (ischemic vs. non-ischemic) and by sex. We used logistic regression to test for association between the top QT interval associated SNP, rs12143842 (in the NOS1AP locus), and SCD risk. We also performed Mendelian randomization to test for causal association of QT interval in the various subgroups.ResultsFemale SCD victims with underlying non-ischemic disease had the strongest association between rs12143842 and SCD risk (OR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.75) and the strongest causal association, established using Mendelian randomization, between prolonged QT interval and SCD (OR in SCD risk per SD increase in QT, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.22-10.49). Ischemic SCD victims, irrespective of sex, did not show an association between rs12143842 and SCD risk or a causal association for QT interval.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the causal effect of QT prolongation on SCD risk differs by sex and underlying disease.
Published: 2019
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30. Sa522 DUSP16 IS A NOVEL IBD GENE IMPLICATED IN THE REGULATION OF DIFFERENTIATION AND HOMEOSTASIS OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

Author: Jessy C. Ntunzwenimana, Azadeh Alikashani, Claudine Beauchamp, Jean Paquette, Gabrielle Boucher, Philippe Goyette, and John D. Rioux
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2021
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31. DUSP16 IS A NOVEL IBD GENE IMPLICATED IN THE REGULATION OF DIFFERENTIATION AND HOMEOSTASIS OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

Author: Jean Paquette, Gabrielle Boucher, Azadeh Alikashani, John D. Rioux, Philippe Goyette, Jessy Carol Ntunzwenimana, and Claudine Beauchamp
Subjects: Immunoglobulin A, Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Biology, Epithelium, Cell biology, HT29 Cells, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transcytosis, medicine, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Interleukin 17, Gene, Homeostasis, Epithelial polarity
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). More than 200 genomic regions have been identified and validated (association values〈 5x10-8) to be associated with CD, UC or IBD. These regions may contain multiple genes and the current challenge lies in identifying the causal gene in each of these. To address this problem, we performed a functional genomic screen of 145 genes from validated IBD loci, in a relevant intestinal epithelial cell model (HT-29). The results of this transcriptome-based screening revealed that the candidate IBD gene DUSP16 (a dual specificity phosphatase targeting MAP kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation) as well as the known IBD gene KSR1 (a scaffold protein regulating the spatiotemporal activation of the ERK) regulate the expression of genes involved in intestinal differentiation and homeostasis. They induce, among others, the expression of the PIGR gene that encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. PIGR plays a role in transporting dimeric IgA molecules from the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells to the intestinal lumen, via transcytosis, where they play an essential role in protecting the epithelium against intestinal pathogens. Our hypothesis is that DUSP16 and KSR1 modulate the activity of MAPKs in intestinal epithelial cells to induce PIGR expression, thus participating in the maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. To better understand how DUSP16 modulates the expression of PIGR, we used an approach of over- expression (cDNA) and knockdown (shRNA) of DUSP16 in HT-29 cells. Our results confirmed that DUSP16 induction increases the expression of PIGR, whereas a knockdown of DUSP16 reduces the basal level of PIGR. Next we confirmed by Western Blot that the induction of DUSP16 was accompanied by a decrease in MAPK phosphorylation. The involvement of MAPKs was also confirmed through the use of chemical inhibitors specific for each MAPK, with inhibition of ERK and p38 showing the strongest induction of PIGR expression. We are currently analyzing known functional mutants of DUSP16 and KSR1 to determine their impact on MAPK activity and on PIGR expression. This work supports a role for PIGR in disease pathogenesis, adding to two recent studies that documented that patients suffering from UC accumulated somatic mutations in a group of genes regulating the expression of PIGR by Interleukin 17. The mutated genes, including PIGR, were positively selected in inflamed tissues, indicating the importance of the biological function occupied by this gene in the maintenance of homeostasis. In conclusion, our study successfully identified functional links between two genes from independent IBD loci, and suggests that these DUSP16 and KSR1 play a role in the process of epithelial transcytosis and the development of IBD.
Published: 2021
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32. Reduction in Na+ current by angiotensin II is mediated by PKCα in mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes

Author: Mona Nemer, Pierre Paradis, Philippe Goyette, Sophie Mathieu, Katy Rivard, Roselle Gélinas, Nabil El Khoury, and Céline Fiset
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, medicine.medical_specialty, Protein Kinase C-alpha, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Action Potentials, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Sodium Channels, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Conduction System, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Myocyte, Myocytes, Cardiac, Protein kinase A, Receptor, Sarcolemma, business.industry, Angiotensin II, Colocalization, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Heart failure, cardiovascular system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths are among the leading causes of mortality in patients with heart failure, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Chronic elevation of angiotensin II (ANGII) is known to be one of the main contributors to heart failure. Objective We tested whether ANGII can alter ventricular conduction and Na + current using transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R). Methods We used surface electrocardiograms along with current- and voltage-clamp techniques to characterize the electrophysiological properties of AT1R mice while the underlying regulatory mechanisms were explored using reverse transcription/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and immunofluorescence techniques. Results Electrophysiological data indicated that chronic AT1R activation in ventricular myocytes caused a 60% reduction in Na + current density that slowed the maximal velocity of the action potential upstroke, leading to a prolongation of the QRS complex. These changes occur independently of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a direct role for ANGII/AT1R in slowing ventricular conduction. Western blots demonstrated a selective increase in sarcolemmal protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in AT1R mice, indicating PKCα activation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed reorganization of PKCα expression to sarcolemma and colocalization with Na V 1.5 in AT1R myocytes. The involvement of PKCα in regulating Na + current was subsequently demonstrated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes where ANGII treatment reduced Na + current density. Concomitant treatment with αV5-3, a PKCα translocation inhibitor peptide, blocked the ANGII effect. Conclusion Overall, this study suggests that in mouse and human cardiomyocytes, PKCα is an important mediator of the ANGII-induced reduction in Na + current and may contribute to ventricular arrhythmias.
Published: 2016
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33. A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies

Author: Corneliu A. Bodea, Benjamin M. Neale, Stephan Ripke, Mark J. Daly, Bernie Devlin, Kathryn Roeder, Murray Barclay, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Mathias Chamaillard, Jean-Frederick Colombel, Mario Cottone, Anthony Croft, Renata D’Incà, Jonas Halfvarson, Katherine Hanigan, Paul Henderson, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Amir Karban, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Mohammed Azam Khan, Marc Lémann, Arie Levine, Dunecan Massey, Monica Milla, Grant W. Montgomery, Sok Meng Evelyn Ng, Ioannis Oikonomou, Harald Peeters, Deborah D. Proctor, Jean-Francois Rahier, Rebecca Roberts, Paul Rutgeerts, Frank Seibold, Laura Stronati, Kirstin M. Taylor, Leif Törkvist, Kullak Ublick, Johan Van Limbergen, Andre Van Gossum, Morten H. Vatn, Hu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jane M. Andrews, Peter A. Bampton, Timothy H. Florin, Richard Gearry, Krupa Krishnaprasad, Ian C. Lawrance, Gillian Mahy, Graham Radford-Smith, Rebecca L. Roberts, Lisa A. Simms, Leila Amininijad, Isabelle Cleynen, Olivier Dewit, Denis Franchimont, Michel Georges, Debby Laukens, Emilie Theatre, André Van Gossum, Severine Vermeire, Guy Aumais, Leonard Baidoo, Arthur M. Barrie, Karen Beck, Edmond-Jean Bernard, David G. Binion, Alain Bitton, Steve R. Brant, Judy H. Cho, Albert Cohen, Kenneth Croitoru, Lisa W. Datta, Colette Deslandres, Richard H. Duerr, Debra Dutridge, John Ferguson, Joann Fultz, Philippe Goyette, Gordon R. Greenberg, Talin Haritunians, Gilles Jobin, Seymour Katz, Raymond G. Lahaie, Dermot P. McGovern, Linda Nelson, Sok Meng Ng, Kaida Ning, Pierre Paré, Miguel D. Regueiro, John D. Rioux, Elizabeth Ruggiero, L. Philip Schumm, Marc Schwartz, Regan Scott, Yashoda Sharma, Mark S. Silverberg, Denise Spears, A. Hillary Steinhart, Joanne M. Stempak, Jason M. Swoger, Constantina Tsagarelis, Clarence Zhang, Hongyu Zhao, Jan Aerts, Tariq Ahmad, Hazel Arbury, Anthony Attwood, Adam Auton, Stephen G. Ball, Anthony J. Balmforth, Chris Barnes, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Inês Barroso, Anne Barton, Amanda J. Bennett, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, John Bowes, Oliver J. Brand, Peter S. Braund, Francesca Bredin, Gerome Breen, Morris J. Brown, Ian N. Bruce, Jaswinder Bull, Oliver S. Burren, John Burton, Jake Byrnes, Sian Caesar, Niall Cardin, Chris M. Clee, Alison J. Coffey, John M.C. Connell, Donald F. Conrad, Jason D. Cooper, Anna F. Dominiczak, Kate Downes, Hazel E. Drummond, Darshna Dudakia, Andrew Dunham, Bernadette Ebbs, Diana Eccles, Sarah Edkins, Cathryn Edwards, Anna Elliot, Paul Emery, David M. Evans, Gareth Evans, Steve Eyre, Anne Farmer, Nicol Ferrier, Edward Flynn, Alistair Forbes, Liz Forty, Jayne A. Franklyn, Timothy M. Frayling, Rachel M. Freathy, Eleni Giannoulatou, Polly Gibbs, Paul Gilbert, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Emma Gray, Elaine Green, Chris J. Groves, Detelina Grozeva, Rhian Gwilliam, Anita Hall, Naomi Hammond, Matt Hardy, Pile Harrison, Neelam Hassanali, Husam Hebaishi, Sarah Hines, Anne Hinks, Graham A. Hitman, Lynne Hocking, Chris Holmes, Eleanor Howard, Philip Howard, Joanna M.M. Howson, Debbie Hughes, Sarah Hunt, John D. Isaacs, Mahim Jain, Derek P. Jewell, Toby Johnson, Jennifer D. Jolley, Ian R. Jones, Lisa A. Jones, George Kirov, Cordelia F. Langford, Hana Lango-Allen, G. Mark Lathrop, James Lee, Kate L. Lee, Charlie Lees, Kevin Lewis, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Meeta Maisuria-Armer, Julian Maller, John Mansfield, Jonathan L. Marchini, Paul Martin, Dunecan C.O. Massey, Wendy L. McArdle, Peter McGuffin, Kirsten E. McLay, Gil McVean, Alex Mentzer, Michael L. Mimmack, Ann E. Morgan, Andrew P. Morris, Craig Mowat, Patricia B. Munroe, Simon Myers, William Newman, Elaine R. Nimmo, Michael C. O’Donovan, Abiodun Onipinla, Nigel R. Ovington, Michael J. Owen, Kimmo Palin, Aarno Palotie, Kirstie Parnell, Richard Pearson, David Pernet, John R.B. Perry, Anne Phillips, Vincent Plagnol, Natalie J. Prescott, Inga Prokopenko, Michael A. Quail, Suzanne Rafelt, Nigel W. Rayner, David M. Reid, Anthony Renwick, Susan M. Ring, Neil Robertson, Samuel Robson, Ellie Russell, David St Clair, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Jeremy D. Sanderson, Stephen J. Sawcer, Helen Schuilenburg, Carol E. Scott, Richard Scott, Sheila Seal, Sue Shaw-Hawkins, Beverley M. Shields, Matthew J. Simmonds, Debbie J. Smyth, Elilan Somaskantharajah, Katarina Spanova, Sophia Steer, Jonathan Stephens, Helen E. Stevens, Kathy Stirrups, Millicent A. Stone, David P. Strachan, Zhan Su, Deborah P.M. Symmons, John R. Thompson, Wendy Thomson, Martin D. Tobin, Mary E. Travers, Clare Turnbull, Damjan Vukcevic, Louise V. Wain, Mark Walker, Neil M. Walker, Chris Wallace, Margaret Warren-Perry, Nicholas A. Watkins, John Webster, Michael N. Weedon, Anthony G. Wilson, Matthew Woodburn, B. Paul Wordsworth, Chris Yau, Allan H. Young, Eleftheria Zeggini, Matthew A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Mark J. Caulfield, Alastair Compston, Martin Farrall, Stephen C.L. Gough, Alistair S. Hall, Andrew T. Hattersley, Adrian V.S. Hill, Christopher G. Mathew, Marcus Pembrey, Jack Satsangi, Michael R. Stratton, Jane Worthington, Matthew E. Hurles, Audrey Duncanson, Willem H. Ouwehand, Miles Parkes, Nazneen Rahman, John A. Todd, Nilesh J. Samani, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Mark I. McCarthy, Nick Craddock, Panos Deloukas, Peter Donnelly, Jenefer M. Blackwell, Elvira Bramon, Juan P. Casas, Aiden Corvin, Janusz Jankowski, Hugh S. Markus, Colin N.A. Palmer, Robert Plomin, Anna Rautanen, Richard C. Trembath, Ananth C. Viswanathan, Nicholas W. Wood, Chris C.A. Spencer, Gavin Band, Céline Bellenguez, Colin Freeman, Garrett Hellenthal, Matti Pirinen, Amy Strange, Hannah Blackburn, Suzannah J. Bumpstead, Serge Dronov, Matthew Gillman, Alagurevathi Jayakumar, Owen T. McCann, Jennifer Liddle, Simon C. Potter, Radhi Ravindrarajah, Michelle Ricketts, Matthew Waller, Paul Weston, Sara Widaa, Pamela Whittaker, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de gastro-entérologie, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Heredity, Genetics, Genetics (clinical), Computer science, Genetic Linkage, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, 030105 genetics & heredity, computer.software_genre, Bayes' theorem, Gene Frequency, HISTORY, IMPUTATION, False positive paradox, Genetics(clinical), Disease, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030305 genetics & heredity, Inheritance (genetic algorithm), Genotype, DATABASE, Genetic genealogy, POWER, Population, Genomics, POPULATION STRATIFICATION, Biology, INHERITANCE, Population stratification, Machine learning, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, education, Allele frequency, FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, business.industry, Bayes Theorem, DISEASE ASSOCIATION, Human genetics, Hierarchical clustering, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, 3111 Biomedicine, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software, Imputation (genetics)
Abstract: A. Palotie on työryhmän Int IBD Genetics Consortium jäsen. One goal of human genetics is to understand the genetic basis of disease, a challenge for diseases of complex inheritance because risk alleles are few relative to the vast set of benign variants. Risk variants are often sought by association studies in which allele frequencies in case subjects are contrasted with those from population-based samples used as control subjects. In an ideal world we would know population-level allele frequencies, releasing researchers to focus on case subjects. We argue this ideal is possible, at least theoretically, and we outline a path to achieving it in reality. If such a resource were to exist, it would yield ample savings and would facilitate the effective use of data repositories by removing administrative and technical barriers. We call this concept the Universal Control Repository Network (UNICORN), a means to perform association analyses without necessitating direct access to individual-level control data. Our approach to UNICORN uses existing genetic resources and various statistical tools to analyze these data, including hierarchical clustering with spectral analysis of ancestry; and empirical Bayesian analysis along with Gaussian spatial processes to estimate ancestry-specific allele frequencies. We demonstrate our approach using tens of thousands of control subjects from studies of Crohn disease, showing how it controls false positives, provides power similar to that achieved when all control data are directly accessible, and enhances power when control data are limiting or even imperfectly matched ancestrally. These results highlight how UNICORN can enable reliable, powerful, and convenient genetic association analyses without access to the individual-level data.
Published: 2016
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34. Novel CALM3 mutations in pediatric long QT syndrome patients support a CALM3-specific calmodulinopathy

Author: John D. Rioux, Philippe Goyette, Meena Fatah, Marie-A. Chaix, Azadeh Alikashani, Robert M. Hamilton, Frédéric Latour, and Tamara T. Koopmann
Subjects: Genetics, business.industry, Long QT syndrome, Whole exome sequencing, Case Report, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Calmodulin, RC666-701, CALM3, Medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Exome sequencing
Published: 2016

35. Effect of Sex and Underlying Disease on the Genetic Association of QT Interval and Sudden Cardiac Death

Author: Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, John D. Rioux, Jennifer A. Brody, Dan E. Arking, Nona Sotoodehnia, Foram N. Ashar, Philippe Goyette, Sylvain Sebert, Rebecca N. Mitchell, Charles E. Newcomb, M. Juhani Junttila, Philippe Froguel, Heikki V. Huikuri, and UNIVERSITY OF OULU
Subjects: Male, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, genetic association, Myocardial Ischemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Sudden cardiac death, Cohort Studies, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Original Research, GENERAL-POPULATION, RISK, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, ARREST, COMMON VARIANTS, Middle Aged, Sex specific, Long QT Syndrome, Underlying disease, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, DURATION, NOS1AP, HEART-DISEASE, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, QT interval, sudden cardiac death, Genetic, Association Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, death, Internal medicine, Mendelian randomization, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Women, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Science & Technology, business.industry, sex‐specific, INSTRUMENTS, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, medicine.disease, sex-specific, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, QT interval electrocardiography, sudden cardiac, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background Sudden cardiac death ( SCD ) accounts for ≈300 000 deaths annually in the United States. Men have a higher risk of SCD and are more likely to have underlying coronary artery disease, while women are more likely to have arrhythmic events in the setting of inherited or acquired QT prolongation. Moreover, there is evidence of sex differences in the genetics of QT interval duration. Using sex‐ and coronary artery disease–stratified analyses, we assess differences in genetic association between longer QT interval and SCD risk. Methods and Results We examined 2282 SCD subjects and 3561 Finnish controls. The SCD subjects were stratified by underlying disease (ischemic versus nonischemic) and by sex. We used logistic regression to test for association between the top QT interval–associated single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs12143842 (in the NOS 1 AP locus), and SCD risk. We also performed Mendelian randomization to test for causal association of QT interval in the various subgroups. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes for associations with rs12143842, despite the odds ratio being higher in females across all subgroup analyses. Consistent with our hypothesis, female non‐ischemics had the highest odds ratio point estimate for association between rs12143842 and SCD risk and male ischemics the lowest odds ratio point estimate ( P =0.036 for difference). Similar trends were observed for the Mendelian randomization analysis. Conclusions While individual subgroup comparisons did not achieve traditional criteria for statistical significance, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the causal association of longer QT interval on SCD risk is stronger in women and nonischemic individuals.
Published: 2019
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36. Characterization of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocyte Model for the Study of Variant Pathogenicity

Author: Claudine Beauchamp, John David Rioux, Frédéric Latour, Roselle Gélinas, Philippe Goyette, Marie-A. Chaix, Nathalie Ethier, Lena Rivard, Nabil El Khoury, Laura Robb, Gabrielle Boucher, Mario Talajic, Céline Fiset, Blandine Mondésert, Louis Villeneuve, and Azadeh Alikashani
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mutation, Massive parallel sequencing, Long QT syndrome, Mutant, Context (language use), Computational biology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Embryonic stem cell, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Genetics (clinical), Function (biology)
Abstract: Background— Long-QT syndrome is a potentially fatal condition for which 30% of patients are without a genetically confirmed diagnosis. Rapid identification of causal mutations is thus a priority to avoid at-risk situations that can lead to fatal cardiac events. Massively parallel sequencing technologies are useful for the identification of sequence variants; however, electrophysiological testing of newly identified variants is crucial to demonstrate causality. Long-QT syndrome could, therefore, benefit from having a standardized platform for functional characterization of candidate variants in the physiological context of human cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results— Using a variant in Kir2.1 (Gly52Val) revealed by whole-exome sequencing in a patient presenting with symptoms of long-QT syndrome as a proof of principle, we demonstrated that commercially available human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes are a powerful model for screening variants involved in genetic cardiac diseases. Immunohistochemistry experiments and whole-cell current recordings in human embryonic kidney cells expressing the wild-type or the mutant Kir2.1 demonstrated that Kir2.1-52V alters channel cellular trafficking and fails to form a functional channel. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes, we not only confirmed these results but also further demonstrated that Kir2.1-52V is associated with a dramatic prolongation of action potential duration with evidence of arrhythmic activity, parameters which could not have been studied using human embryonic kidney cells. Conclusions— Our study confirms the pathogenicity of Kir2.1-52V in 1 patient with long-QT syndrome and also supports the use of isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes as a physiologically relevant model for the screening of variants of unknown function.
Published: 2017
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37. Dimensional stability performance of a CFRP sandwich optical bench for microsatellite payload

Author: Nichola Desnoyers, Philippe Goyette, Bruno Leduc, and Marc-André Boucher
Subjects: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, Engineering, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mechanical engineering, Structural engineering, Finite element method, Thermal expansion, law.invention, Vibration, Telescope, law, Thermal, Electronics, business
Abstract: Microsatellite market requires high performance while minimizing mass, volume and cost. Telescopes are specifically targeted by these trade-offs. One of these is to use the optomechanical structure of the telescope to mount electronic devices that may dissipate heat. However, such approach may be problematic in terms of distortions due to the presence of high thermal gradients throughout the telescope structure. To prevent thermal distortions, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) technology can be used for the optomechanical telescope material structure. CFRP is typically about 100 times less sensitive to thermal gradients and its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is about 200 to 600 times lower than standard aluminum alloys according to inhouse measurements. Unfortunately, designing with CFRP material is not as straightforward as with metallic materials. There are many parameters to consider in order to reach the desired dimensional stability under thermal, moisture and vibration exposures. Designing optomechanical structures using CFRP involves many challenges such as interfacing with optics and sometimes dealing with high CTE mounting interface structures like aluminum spacecraft buses. INO has designed a CFRP sandwich telescope structure to demonstrate the achievable performances of such technology. Critical parameters have been optimized to maximize the dimensional stability while meeting the stringent environmental requirements that microsatellite payloads have to comply with. The telescope structure has been tested in vacuum from -40°C to +50°C and has shown a good fit with finite element analysis predictions.
Published: 2017
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38. Erratum

Author: Deepali Jaju, Melanie Neijts, Gabrielle Boucher, Arpi Minassian, James D. Stewart, Andreas Voss, Pim van der Harst, Duanping Liao, Joshua C. Bis, Kari E. North, Matteo Barcella, Michel G. Nivard, Jitender Kumar, Andrew Wong, Dewleen G. Baker, G. Ehret, Sulayma Albarwani, Kathleen F. Kerr, Quenna Wong, Ville Huikari, Alexander Kluttig, Andrew P. Morris, Eco J. C. de Geus, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Yong Li, Marcel den Hoed, Henning Tiemeier, Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Joop D. Lefrandt, Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand, Victoria B. Risbrough, Halina Greiser, Bruce M. Psaty, Oscar H. Franco, Niek Verweij, Cees A. Swenne, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Konstantin Strauch, Markus Juonala, Zhu Ming Zhang, Nicholas L. Smith, Olli T. Raitakari, Daiane Hemerich, Daniel T. O'Connor, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Riad Bayoumi, Peter Friberg, Alvaro Alonso, Julian F. Thayer, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Delilah Zabaneh, Steven A. Lubitz, Tomas Axelsson, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniele Cusi, Eric A. Whitsel, Arie M. van Roon, Kjell Nikus, Bruno H. Stricker, Bouwe P. Krijthe, Stefan Kääb, Lars Lind, Abdel Abdellaoui, Timothy A. Thornton, Anubha Mahajan, Johan Sundström, Nona Sotoodehnia, Charles Kooperberg, Moritz F. Sinner, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Xavier Jouven, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Sander W. van der Laan, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Patrick T. Ellinor, Alexander P. Reiner, Ilja M. Nolte, Marian C. Limacher, Paul I.W. de Bakker, Ahmad Vaez, Albert Hofman, Meena Kumari, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Juhani Junttila, Bram Dierckx, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Ingrid E. Christophersen, Annie Britton, Cathy C. Laurie, Phyllis K. Stein, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Juha Auvinen, Alexander Teumer, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Foram N. Ashar, Jenny van Dongen, David S. Siscovick, Markku Eskola, Jussi Hernesniemi, Janine F. Felix, M. Loretto Munoz, Jessica van Setten, Yun Li, Bianca J. J. M. Brundel, Christine M. Albert, Annette Peters, Jerome I. Rotter, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mark A. Geyer, Lesley E. Tinker, Vinicius Tragante, Susan R. Heckbert, Alan B. Zonderman, John D. Rioux, Kent D. Taylor, Shih-Jen Hwang, Johan Ormel, Mike A. Nalls, Erik Ingelsson, Kirk C. Wilhelmsen, John S. Floras, Diana Kuh, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Henry J. Lin, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Mika Kivimäki, Maaike G. J. Gademan, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Mika Kähönen, Gerjan Navis, Siegfried Perz, Tamar Sofer, Catharina A. Hartman, Barbara McKnight, Jan A. Kors, Rick Jansen, Melanie Waldenberger, Nina Mononen, Heikki V. Huikuri, Azmeraw T. Amare, Mohammad L. Hassan, Jan A. Staessen, Adam X. Maihofer, Erika Salvi, Rob J. Bieringa, Benedikt von der Heyde, Andrea Dietrich, Peter J. van der Most, Philippe Goyette, Harriëtte Riese, Michele K. Evans, Stephanie M. Gogarten, Jean-Claude Tardif, Harold Snieder, Adrienne M. Stilp, Christy L. Avery, Johannes H. Smit, Gonneke Willemsen, Yuri Milaneschi, André G. Uitterlinden, Cecilia M. Lindgren, VU University medical center, APH - Mental Health, Psychiatry, Physiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Methodology, and APH - Digital Health
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Disease risk, Heart rate variability, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15805 (2017); Published: 14 June 2017; Updated: 2 August 2017 In Supplementary Fig. 10 of this Article, images for panels a and b were inadvertently omitted. The correct version of Supplementary Fig. 10 is provided as Supplementary Information associated withthis Erratum.
Published: 2017
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39. Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Author: Gerjan Navis, Moritz F. Sinner, Kathleen F. Kerr, Heikki V. Huikuri, Daniele Cusi, Oscar H. Franco, Marian C. Limacher, Charles Kooperberg, Gabrielle Boucher, Riad Bayoumi, Juhani Junttila, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Andrew P. Morris, Anubha Mahajan, Andreas Voss, Paul I.W. de Bakker, Patrick T. Ellinor, Phyllis K. Stein, Janine F. Felix, Mark A. Geyer, Mike A. Nalls, Erik Ingelsson, Vinicius Tragante, Joshua C. Bis, Kari E. North, Jean-Claude Tardif, Harold Snieder, Azmeraw T. Amare, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Markku Eskola, Ilja M. Nolte, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Deepali Jaju, Melanie Neijts, Adrienne M. Stilp, Mika Kähönen, Henry J. Lin, Jessica van Setten, Meena Kumari, Halina Greiser, John S. Floras, Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand, Dewleen G. Baker, Rick Jansen, Cathy C. Laurie, Matteo Barcella, Christy L. Avery, Stefan Kääb, Michel G. Nivard, Jitender Kumar, Lars Lind, Alexander Teumer, Johan Sundström, Kirk C. Wilhelmsen, Barbara McKnight, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Johannes H. Smit, Gonneke Willemsen, Nona Sotoodehnia, Michele K. Evans, Christine M. Albert, Kent D. Taylor, Marcel den Hoed, James D. Stewart, Peter Friberg, Alvaro Alonso, Susan R. Heckbert, Kjell Nikus, Siegfried Perz, André G. Uitterlinden, Bruce M. Psaty, Antti M. Kiviniemi, G. Ehret, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Sulayma Albarwani, Bouwe P. Krijthe, Timothy A. Thornton, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Delilah Zabaneh, Zhu Ming Zhang, Annie Britton, Ingrid E. Christophersen, Adam X. Maihofer, Juha Auvinen, David S. Siscovick, Arie M. van Roon, Xavier Jouven, Stephanie M. Gogarten, M. Loretto Munoz, Erika Salvi, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Bram Dierckx, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Yun Li, Quenna Wong, Alan B. Zonderman, Yuri Milaneschi, John D. Rioux, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Philippe Goyette, Niek Verweij, Harriëtte Riese, Bruno H. Stricker, Markus Juonala, Rob J. Bieringa, Arpi Minassian, Jenny van Dongen, Abdel Abdellaoui, Foram N. Ashar, Jan A. Kors, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Jussi Hernesniemi, Sander W. van der Laan, Ahmad Vaez, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Annette Peters, Lesley E. Tinker, Albert Hofman, Dorret I. Boomsma, Victoria B. Risbrough, Tamar Sofer, Pim van der Harst, Konstantin Strauch, Steven A. Lubitz, Catharina A. Hartman, Jerome I. Rotter, Shih-Jen Hwang, Duanping Liao, Mika Kivimäki, Mohammad L. Hassan, Andrew Wong, Peter J. van der Most, Alexander Kluttig, Nina Mononen, Eco J. C. de Geus, Henning Tiemeier, Benedikt von der Heyde, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Joop D. Lefrandt, Andrea Dietrich, Nicholas L. Smith, Terho Lehtimäki, Bianca J. J. M. Brundel, Jan A. Staessen, Cees A. Swenne, Julian F. Thayer, Daniel T. O'Connor, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Eric A. Whitsel, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Alexander P. Reiner, Johan Ormel, Ville Huikari, Yong Li, Tomas Axelsson, Olli T. Raitakari, Daiane Hemerich, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Maaike G. J. Gademan, Melanie Waldenberger, Diana Kuh, Ehret, Georg Benedikt, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, Other Research, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Public and occupational health, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, APH - Aging & Later Life, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, Physiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Digital Health, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Vascular Ageing Programme (VAP), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Biological Psychology, Praxis, Environmental Geography (former), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Rheumatology, Epidemiology, Medical Informatics, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Potassium Channels, Chemistry(all), Muscle Proteins, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, Blood Pressure, PEDIGREES, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Genome-wide association studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Cohort Studies, Heart Rate, Risk Factors, RGS Proteins/genetics, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels, RECORDINGS, Heart rate variability, Vagal tone, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels/genetics, ddc:616, Muscle Proteins/genetics, Multidisciplinary, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Single Nucleotide, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Heart Diseases/genetics/physiopathology, Erratum, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Heart Diseases, Science, Quantitative Trait Loci, RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Physics and Astronomy(all), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, PARASYMPATHETIC REGULATION, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MD Multidisciplinary, Heart rate, Journal Article, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, COHORT, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, METAANALYSIS, Genetic association, MODULATOR, Science & Technology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), MORTALITY, Cardiovascular genetics, General Chemistry, Membrane hyperpolarization, ta3121, 030104 developmental biology, Expression quantitative trait loci, ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION, Potassium Channels/genetics, RGS Proteins, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Reduced cardiac vagal control reflected in low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with greater risks for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In two-stage meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for three HRV traits in up to 53,174 individuals of European ancestry, we detect 17 genome-wide significant SNPs in eight loci. HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (influencing GNG11, RGS6 and NEO1), or are located in genes preferentially expressed in the sinoatrial node (GNG11, RGS6 and HCN4). Genetic risk scores account for 0.9 to 2.6% of the HRV variance. Significant genetic correlation is found for HRV with heart rate (−0.74, Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the individual variation in cardiac cycle duration and is a measure of vagal control of heart rate. Here, the authors identify seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with HRV, lending new insight into the vagal regulation of heart rhythm.
Published: 2017
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40. TECRL, a new life-threatening inherited arrhythmia gene associated with overlapping clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT

Author: Philippe Goyette, Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots, Elhadi H. Aburawi, Marie A. Chaix, Zoltán Kutalik, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Tom Zwetsloot, Brian Stevenson, Azadeh Alikashani, Zahurul A. Bhuiyan, John D. Rioux, Christine L. Mummery, Christian Freund, Jurg Schlaepfer, Robert Passier, Georgios Kosmidis, Hui Jiang, Antoine A.F. de Vries, Abdelaziz Beqqali, Maaike Hoekstra, Arie O. Verkerk, Antony Le Béchec, Rafik Tadros, Mario Talajic, Lihadh Al-Gazali, Lena Rivard, Roselle Gélinas, Harsha D. Devalla, Frédéric Latour, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology, Graduate School, and Medical Biology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, SERCA, CPVT, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular tachycardia, Cardiovascular System, Asymptomatic, QT interval, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, SRD5A2L2, Internal medicine, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, Arrhythmia, iPSC, LQTS, Flecainide, Research Articles, Splice site mutation, business.industry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Cardiology, Molecular Medicine, Genetics, Gene Therapy & Genetic Disease, medicine.symptom, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: Genetic causes of many familial arrhythmia syndromes remain elusive. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on patients from three different families that presented with life‐threatening arrhythmias and high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Two French Canadian probands carried identical homozygous rare variant in TECRL gene (p.Arg196Gln), which encodes the trans‐2,3‐enoyl‐CoA reductase‐like protein. Both patients had cardiac arrest, stress‐induced atrial and ventricular tachycardia, and QT prolongation on adrenergic stimulation. A third patient from a consanguineous Sudanese family diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) had a homozygous splice site mutation (c.331+1G>A) in TECRL. Analysis of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) generated from this individual (TECRLHom‐hiPSCs), his heterozygous but clinically asymptomatic father (TECRLHet‐hiPSCs), and a healthy individual (CTRL‐hiPSCs) from the same Sudanese family, revealed smaller [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes as well as elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. The [Ca2+]i transient also rose markedly slower and contained lower sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores, evidenced by the decreased magnitude of caffeine‐induced [Ca2+]i transients. In addition, the decay phase of the [Ca2+]i transient was slower in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs due to decreased SERCA and NCX activities. Furthermore, TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs showed prolonged action potentials (APs) compared with CTRL‐hiPSC‐CMs. TECRL knockdown in control human embryonic stem cell‐derived CMs (hESC‐CMs) also resulted in significantly longer APs. Moreover, stimulation by noradrenaline (NA) significantly increased the propensity for triggered activity based on delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in TECRLHom‐hiPSC‐CMs and treatment with flecainide, a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, significantly reduced the triggered activity in these cells. In summary, we report that mutations in TECRL are associated with inherited arrhythmias characterized by clinical features of both LQTS and CPVT. Patient‐specific hiPSC‐CMs recapitulated salient features of the clinical phenotype and provide a platform for drug screening evidenced by initial identification of flecainide as a potential therapeutic. These findings have implications for diagnosis and treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
Published: 2016
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41. A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis

Author: Richard H. Duerr, Dalin Li, Ming-Hsi Wang, Tariq Ahmad, John D. Rioux, Patrick Sulem, Daniel B. Graham, Steven R. Brant, Severine Vermeire, Mark Tremelling, James Lee, Leena Halme, K. de Lane, Miguel Regueiro, M Parkes, David C. Wilson, Alain Bitton, R. Milgrom, Daniel G. MacArthur, Marijn C. Visschedijk, Sören Mucha, Kenneth Croitoru, Alison Simmons, Mark S. Silverberg, Rinse K. Weersma, Jonas Halfvarson, Daniel L. Rice, J. M. Stempak, Christopher J. Hawkey, Mauro D'Amato, Christopher G. Mathew, Philippe Goyette, Frauke Degenhardt, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Mark J. Daly, Kari Stefansson, Beryl B. Cummings, Maarit Lappalainen, Päivi Saavalainen, Paulina Paavola-Sakki, P. Fleshner, Talin Haritunians, Joshua C. Randall, Elaine R. Nimmo, Taru Tukiainen, Christine Stevens, Subra Kugathasan, Monkol Lek, Andre Franke, Kimmo Kontula, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Andrew Hart, Martin O. Pollard, Gabrielle Boucher, Natalie J. Prescott, Benjamin M. Neale, Holm H. Uhlig, Carl A. Anderson, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Luke Jostins, C. Mowatt, Judy H. Cho, B. Newman, A. Nicole Desch, Yang Luo, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Clara Abraham, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Jeffrey C. Barrett, John C. Mansfield, Jean-Paul Achkar, Charlie W. Lees, Martti Färkkilä, Ramnik J. Xavier, S. R. Targan, Manuel A. Rivas, Deborah D. Proctor, Johan Van Limbergen, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Christopher A. Lamb, Jürgen Glas, Vito Annese, Yashoda Sharma, Phil Schumm, Graham A. Heap, Cathryn Edwards, Lotta L. E. Koskinen, Jack Satsangi, Mitja I. Kurki, Aarno Palotie, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T1C8 School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048 USA Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden BioCruces Health Research Institute and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48903 Bilbao, Spain Unit of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Strutture Organizzative Dipartimentali (SOD) Gastroenterologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK Graham A. Heap Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter PL6 8BU, UK Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5 Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4 Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay Hospital, Devon, UK Department of Medicine, St. Mark’s Hospital, Middlesex, UK Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, UK Christ Church, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK The Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Gastroenterology & General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK Translational Gastroenterology Unit and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA, Department of Medicine, Clinicum, Gastroenterologian yksikkö, Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, II kirurgian klinikka, Department of Surgery, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Immunomics, Kimmo Kontula Research Group, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, AAI12, Chemistry(all), SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, Science, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics and Astronomy(all), OF-FUNCTION VARIANTS, Inflammatory bowel disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, NUMBER, medicine, Ring finger, IMPUTATION, Allele, education, POPULATION, RISK, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), MUTATIONS, General Chemistry, ASSOCIATION, medicine.disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ulcerative colitis, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Ubiquitin ligase, Transport protein, Transmembrane domain, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, RARE VARIANTS, Immunology, biology.protein, Cancer research, 3111 Biomedicine, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
Abstract: To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access. Protein-truncating variants protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets. Here we used targeted sequencing to conduct a search for protein-truncating variants conferring protection against inflammatory bowel disease exploiting knowledge of common variants associated with the same disease. Through replication genotyping and imputation we found that a predicted protein-truncating variant (rs36095412, p.R179X, genotyped in 11,148 ulcerative colitis patients and 295,446 controls, MAF=up to 0.78%) in RNF186, a single-exon ring finger E3 ligase with strong colonic expression, protects against ulcerative colitis (overall P=6.89 × 10(-7), odds ratio=0.30). We further demonstrate that the truncated protein exhibits reduced expression and altered subcellular localization, suggesting the protective mechanism may reside in the loss of an interaction or function via mislocalization and/or loss of an essential transmembrane domain. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) DK064869 DK062432 National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) DK064869 DK043351 HG005923 Crohns and Colitis Foundation 3765 Leona M. & Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust 2015PG-IBD001 Amgen 2013583217 CCFA 3765 Cedars-Sinai F. Widjaja Foundation, info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/305479, European Union DK062413 AI067068 U54DE023789-01 Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America NIH DK062431 U01 DK062429 U01 DK062422 R01 DK092235 U01 DK062420 Medical Research Council, UK MR/J00314X/1 Wellcome Trust WT091310 098051 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetic Research Chair at the University of Pittsburgh PO1DK046763
Published: 2016
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42. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease

Author: Mélissa Beaudoin, Stephan Ripke, Jonas Halfvarson, Leif Törkvist, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Caroline Lagacé, Todd Green, David Ellinghaus, Mauro D'Amato, Andrew Kirby, Manuel A. Rivas, Steven R. Brant, Ramnik J. Xavier, Stacey Gabriel, Guillaume Lettre, Joshua M. Korn, Philippe Goyette, Finny G Kuruvilla, Clarence K. Zhang, Noël P. Burtt, Agnes Gardet, Richard H. Duerr, Timothy Fennell, Yashoda Sharma, Benjamin M. Neale, Andre Franke, Ken Sin Lo, David Altshuler, Gabrielle Boucher, Talin Haritunians, Marla Dubinsky, Phil Schumm, John D. Rioux, Mark J. Daly, Judy H. Cho, Mark S. Silverberg, Anna Latiano, Christine Stevens, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Subjects: RNA Splicing, Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Molecular gastro-enterology and hepatology Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation [IGMD 2], Inflammatory bowel disease, Article, Cell Line, PTPN22, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, 0303 health sciences, Case-control study, Receptors, Interleukin, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Odds ratio, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Genome-Wide Association Study, Common disease-common variant
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext More than 1,000 susceptibility loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common variants; however, the specific genes and full allelic spectrum of causal variants underlying these findings have not yet been defined. Here we used pooled next-generation sequencing to study 56 genes from regions associated with Crohn's disease in 350 cases and 350 controls. Through follow-up genotyping of 70 rare and low-frequency protein-altering variants in nine independent case-control series (16,054 Crohn's disease cases, 12,153 ulcerative colitis cases and 17,575 healthy controls), we identified four additional independent risk factors in NOD2, two additional protective variants in IL23R, a highly significant association with a protective splice variant in CARD9 (P < 1 x 10(-16), odds ratio approximately 0.29) and additional associations with coding variants in IL18RAP, CUL2, C1orf106, PTPN22 and MUC19. We extend the results of successful GWAS by identifying new, rare and probably functional variants that could aid functional experiments and predictive models. 01 november 2011
Published: 2011
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43. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47

Author: Dermot P.B. McGovern, Cathryn Edwards, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Katherine I. Morley, Michel Georges, Jonas Halfvarson, Lude Franke, Martine De Vos, Caroline Lagacé, Mauro D'Amato, Marc Lémann, Jerome I. Rotter, Richard H. Duerr, Vibeke Andersen, Marcin Imielinski, Deborah D. Proctor, Orazio Palmieri, David C. Wilson, Theodore M. Bayless, Nicholas K. Hayward, Talin Haritunians, Frank Seibold, Nicholas P. Anagnou, Marla Dubinsky, Leila Amininejad, Steven R. Brant, Christopher G. Mathew, Ramnik J. Xavier, John C. Mansfield, Julián Panés, Vito Annese, Mark J. Daly, Rebecca L. Roberts, James A B Floyd, Lisa A. Simms, Stephen L. Guthery, Murray L. Barclay, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Debby Laukens, Richard K Russell, Stephan R. Targan, Mark Seielstad, Hakon Hakonarson, Miquel Sans, Thomas D. Walters, Gabrielle Boucher, Craig Mowat, Mathias Chamaillard, Carsten Büning, Stefan Schreiber, Arie Levine, Yashoda Sharma, Natalie J. Prescott, Gilles Jobin, Charlie W. Lees, A. Hillary Steinhart, Roel A. Ophoff, Suzannah Bumpstead, Edouard Louis, Nicole L. Glazer, David Ellinghaus, Richard B. Gearry, Kent D. Taylor, Cécile Libioulle, Rinse K. Weersma, Philippe Goyette, Leonard H. van den Berg, John D. Rioux, Cisca Wijmenga, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Jack Satsangi, Grant W. Montgomery, Timothy H. Florin, Rudolf S N Fehrmann, Limas Kupčinskas, Leonard Baidoo, Stephan Brand, Jürgen Glas, Carl A. Anderson, Anne M. Phillips, Ian C. Lawrance, Tariq Ahmad, Jeremy D. Sanderson, Judy H. Cho, Miles Parkes, Maria Gazouli, Laura Papi, Harm-Jan Westra, Robert N. Baldassano, James Lee, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Andre Franke, Paul Rutgeerts, Anne M. Griffiths, Aylwin Ng, Regan Scott, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Denis Franchimont, Hein W. Verspaget, Graham L. Radford-Smith, William G. Newman, Lee A. Denson, Leif Törkvist, Monica Milla, Subra Kugathasan, Philip Schumm, Severine Vermeire, Morten H. Vatn, Mark S. Silverberg, Jurgita Sventoraityte, Anna Latiano, Tom H. Karlsen, Jean-Pierre Hugot, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), and Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL)
Subjects: Risk, Candidate gene, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, PROTEIN, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Inflammatory bowel disease, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, MULTIPLE, Genetics, medicine, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, GENE-EXPRESSION, 0303 health sciences, COMMON VARIANTS, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, CROHNS-DISEASE, 3. Good health, Immunology, Expression quantitative trait loci, CELLS, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Colitis, Ulcerative, ENRICHMENT, inflammatory-bowel-disease genome-wide association susceptibility loci crohns-disease common variants gene-expression cells multiple protein enrichment, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Published: 2011
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44. A targeted association study in systemic lupus erythematosus identifies multiple susceptibility alleles

Author: John G. Hanly, Michel Zummer, Gilles Boire, Ann E. Clarke, M L Budarf, Joan E. Wither, John D. Rioux, Jaime O. Claudio, Christine A. Peschken, J Lian, Eric Rich, Janet E. Pope, C. D. Smith, Gabrielle Boucher, Robert R. Graham, Paul R. Fortin, Susan G. Barr, Thomas J. Hudson, Philippe Goyette, and Dafna D. Gladman
Subjects: Male, Immunology, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Autoimmune Diseases, PTPN22, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, skin and connective tissue diseases, Genetics (clinical), Genetic association, Autoimmune disease, Kell antigen system, medicine.disease, biology.protein, Female, Islet cell autoantigen 1, IRF5, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Recent genome-wide association studies have added substantially to the number of genes associated with SLE. To replicate some of these susceptibility loci, single-nucleotide polymorphisms reported to be associated to SLE were evaluated in a cohort of 245 well-phenotyped Canadian SLE trios. Our results replicate previously reported associations to alleles of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), major histocompatibility complex (MHC), tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), Kell blood group complex subunit-related family member 6 (XKR6), B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (BANK1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 3 (UBE2L3) and islet cell autoantigen 1 (ICA1). We also identify putative associations to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), a gene associated with several autoimmune disorders, and ERBB3, a locus on 12q13 that was previously reported to be associated with type 1 diabetes. This study confirms the existence of multiple genetic risk factors for SLE, and supports the notion that some risk factors for SLE are shared with other inflammatory disorders.
Published: 2010
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45. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis

Author: Andrew Ippoliti, Mark S. Silverberg, Ramnik J. Xavier, Mark J. Daly, Richard H. Duerr, Todd Green, A. Hillary Steinhart, Jerome I. Rotter, Miguel Regueiro, Kent D. Taylor, Anne M. Griffiths, Edmond Jean Bernard, Lisa W. Datta, Alan Huett, Petric Kuballa, M. Michael Barmada, Stephan R. Targan, Ling Mei, L. Philip Schumm, Philippe Goyette, Steven R. Brant, Yin Yao Shugart, Judy H. Cho, John D. Rioux, and Dan L. Nicolae
Subjects: Interleukin-23 receptor, Autophagy-Related Proteins, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Pathogenesis, Mice, Crohn Disease, Autophagy, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene, ATG16L1, Homeodomain Proteins, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Gene Expression Profiling, NADPH Oxidases, Immunohistochemistry, Gene expression profiling, North America, Immunology, IRGM, RNA Interference, Carrier Proteins, HeLa Cells, Transcription Factors
Abstract: We present a genome-wide association study of ileal Crohn disease and two independent replication studies that identify several new regions of association to Crohn disease. Specifically, in addition to the previously established CARD15 and IL23R associations, we identified strong and significantly replicated associations (combined P < 10(-10)) with an intergenic region on 10q21.1 and a coding variant in ATG16L1, the latter of which was also recently reported by another group. We also report strong associations with independent replication to variation in the genomic regions encoding PHOX2B, NCF4 and a predicted gene on 16q24.1 (FAM92B). Finally, we demonstrate that ATG16L1 is expressed in intestinal epithelial cell lines and that functional knockdown of this gene abrogates autophagy of Salmonella typhimurium. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy and host cell responses to intracellular microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease.
Published: 2007
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46. Molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Genotypes, phenotypes and personalized medicine

Author: Philippe Goyette, Truc T. Trinh, John D. Rioux, Catherine Labbé, and Ramnik J. Xavier
Subjects: Crohn's disease, Innate immune system, Genotype, business.industry, Biological Transport, Context (language use), General Medicine, Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, medicine.disease, Acquired immune system, Ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Immunity, Innate, digestive system diseases, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Immunology, Immunogenetics, Humans, Medicine, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Personalized medicine, Intestinal Mucosa, business
Abstract: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), also known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD is among the few complex diseases for which several genomic regions and specific genes have been identified and confirmed in multiple replication studies. We will review the different loci implicated in disease risk in the context of three proposed mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa: 1) deregulation of the innate immune response to enteric microflora or pathogens; 2) increased permeability across the epithelial barrier; and 3) defective regulation of the adaptive immune system. As our knowledge of genetic variation, analytical approaches and technology improves, additional genetic risk factors are expected to be identified. With the identification of novel risk variants, additional pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to emerge. The resulting discoveries will further our molecular understanding of IBD, potentially leading to improved disease classification and rational drug design. Moreover, these approaches and tools can be applied in the context of variable drug response with the goal of providing more personalized clinical management of patients with IBD.
Published: 2007
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47. A protein truncating R179X variant inRNF186confers protection against ulcerative colitis

Author: Kari Stefansson, Tariq Ahmad, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Graham A. Heap, Monkol Lek, Richard H. Duerr, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Christine Stevens, Lotta L. E. Koskinen, Taru Tukiainen, Severine Vermeire, Mauro D'Amato, Sören Mucha, Steven R. Brant, Manuel A. Rivas, John D. Rioux, Judy H. Cho, Daniel G. MacArthur, Mark J. Daly, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Maarit Lappalainen, Marijn C. Visschedijk, Dalin Li, Daniel B. Graham, Päivi Saavalainen, Rinse K. Weersma, Philippe Goyette, Mitja I. Kurki, A. Nicole Desch, Aarno Palotie, Beryl B. Cummings, Frauke Degenhardt, Patrick Sulem, Andre Franke, Talin Haritunians, Mark S. Silverberg, Carl A. Anderson, Paulina Paavola-Sakki, Yang Luo, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Martti Färkkilä, Benjamin M. Neale, Vito Annese, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Leena Halme, Kimmo Kontula, Jonas Halfvarson, and Ramnik J. Xavier
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, biology, A protein, Odds ratio, Disease, medicine.disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Ubiquitin ligase, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Cancer research, Ring finger, medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Function (biology), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: We conducted a search for protein truncating variants conferring protection against inflammatory bowel disease exploiting knowledge of common variants associated with the same disease. We found that a protein truncating variant (rs36095412, p.R179X, genotyped in 11,148 ulcerative colitis patients and 295,446 controls, MAF = up to 0.78%) in RNF186, a single-exon ring finger E3 ligase with strong colonic expression, protects against ulcerative colitis (overall P = 6.89×10-7, odds ratio (OR) = 0.30). We further demonstrate that the truncated protein is expressed, suggesting the protective mechanism may reside in the loss of an interaction or function via mislocalization or loss of an essential protein element.
Published: 2015
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48. Association mapping of inflammatory bowel disease loci to single variant resolution

Author: Vibeke Andersen, Julia Dmitrieva, Michel Georges, Mauro D'Amato, Edouard Louis, Ann-Stephan Gori, Isabelle Cleynen, Emilie Theatre, Carl A. Anderson, Theo Meuwissen, Andre Franke, Jack Satsangi, Adrian Cortes, Suzanne van Sommeren, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Yukihide Momozawa, Jonas Halfvarson, Talin Haritunians, Elisa Docampo, Valérie Deffontaine, Gosia Trynka, Mark J. Daly, Judy H. Cho, Maša Umićević Mirkov, Richard H. Duerr, Christopher G Mathew, Ian C. Lawrance, Kyle Kai-How Farh, Sarah L. Spain, Hailiang Huang, John D. Rioux, Severine Vermeire, Jo Knight, Luke Jostins, Miles Parkes, Charlie W. Lees, Rob Mariman, Ming Fang, Ramnik J. Xavier, Gabrielle Boucher, Rinse K. Weersma, François Crins, Myriam Mni, Philippe Goyette, and Mahmoud Elansary
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Genome-wide association study, Biology, medicine.disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, DNA binding site, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Epigenetics, Association mapping, Genotyping, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder that affects millions worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 200 IBD-associated loci, but few have been conclusively resolved to specific functional variants. Here we report fine-mapping of 94 IBD loci using high-density genotyping in 67,852 individuals. Of the 139 independent associations identified in these regions, 18 were pinpointed to a single causal variant with >95% certainty, and an additional 27 associations to a single variant with >50% certainty. These 45 variants are significantly enriched for protein-coding changes (n=13), direct disruption of transcription factor binding sites (n=3) and tissue specific epigenetic marks (n=10), with the latter category showing enrichment in specific immune cells among associations stronger in CD and gut mucosa among associations stronger in UC. The results of this study suggest that high-resolution, fine-mapping in large samples can convert many GWAS discoveries into statistically convincing causal variants, providing a powerful substrate for experimental elucidation of disease mechanisms.
Published: 2015
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49. RARγ acts as a tumor suppressor in mouse keratinocytes

Author: David Lohnes, Philippe Goyette, and Chang Feng Chen
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Time Factors, Genotype, Tumor suppressor gene, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Receptor expression, Blotting, Western, Retinoic acid, Apoptosis, Mice, Transgenic, Tretinoin, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genes, Reporter, Cell Line, Tumor, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Cell Nucleus, Cell Cycle, Cell cycle, Retroviridae, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Epidermoid carcinoma, chemistry, COS Cells, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, ras Proteins, Cancer research, Carcinogenesis, Keratinocyte
Abstract: All-trans retinoic acid (RA), the principle biologically active form of vitamin A, is essential for many developmental process as well as homeostasis in the adult. Many lines of evidence also suggest that RA, acting through the RA receptors (RARs), can also suppress growth of tumors of diverse origin. To assess directly the role of the RARs in a model of epidermal tumorigenesis, we investigated the incidence of tumor formation using keratinocytes lacking specific RAR types. Our data suggest that loss of RARgamma, but not RARalpha, predisposed keratinocytes to v-Ha-Ras-induced squamous cell carcinoma. We also found that ablation of RARgamma, but not RARalpha, abolished RA-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in these keratinocytes. Reconstitution of receptor expression into RAR-null cells restored sensitivity to RA, and reversed the tumorigenic potential of receptor-deficient keratinocytes. These data strongly support a tumor suppressor effect for the RARs, in particular endogenous RARgamma, in murine keratinocytes.
Published: 2004
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50. Pyramidal Wavefront Sensor Demonstrator at INO

Author: François Châteauneuf, Jean-Pierre Véran, François Lagacé, Olivier Martin, Jonny Gauvin, Simon Turbide, Philippe Goyette, Pascal Bourqui, Min Wang, and Geneviève Anctil
Subjects: Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, Robustness (computer science), Technology transfer, Wavefront sensor, business, Adaptive optics, Computer hardware, Remote sensing
Abstract: Wavefront sensing is one of the key elements of an Adaptive Optics System. Although Shack-Hartmann WFS are the most commonly used whether for astronomical or biomedical applications, the high-sensitivity and large dynamic-range of the Pyramid-WFS (P-WFS) technology is promising and needs to be further investigated for proper justification in future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) applications. At INO, center for applied research in optics and technology transfer in Quebec City, Canada, we have recently set to develop a Pyramid wavefront sensor (P-WFS), an option for which no other research group in Canada had any experience. A first version had been built and tested in 2013 in collaboration with NRC-HIA Victoria. Here we present a second iteration of demonstrator with an extended spectral range, fast modulation capability and low-noise, fast-acquisition EMCCD sensor. The system has been designed with compactness and robustness in mind to allow on-sky testing at Mont Megantic facility, in parallel with a Shack- Hartmann sensor so as to compare both options.
Published: 2014
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