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Background: The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory suggests that an imbalance between job demands and available resources can lead to burnout, negatively affecting job satisfaction. Physical activity is recognized for its positive effects on psychological well-being and could play a crucial role in mitigating burnout and improving job satisfaction, especially in high-demand professions such as nursing. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between burnout, physical activity, and job satisfaction in Peruvian nurses, using the JD-R theory as a theoretical framework. Methods: A cross-sectional and explanatory analysis was conducted on a sample of 420 Peruvian nurses, using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) design to analyze the relationships between burnout, physical activity, and job satisfaction. The instruments included the Ultra-Short Burnout Measure (IUB), the General Job Satisfaction Scale NTP 394, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The findings showed a significant negative correlation between burnout and physical activity (β = −.40, P <.001) and between burnout and job satisfaction (β = −.46, P <.001). Physical activity exhibited a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction (β =.22, P <.001). Moreover, mediation analysis confirmed that physical activity mediates the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction (β = −.106, P <.001). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of physical activity as a mediator in the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction among Peruvian nurses, highlighting the need to promote physical activity as a strategy to improve workplace well-being. It is suggested that enhancing access to and promotion of physical activity could mitigate the effects of burnout and improve job satisfaction, which is essential for the quality of care and the well-being of nursing staff. These findings underscore the need for organizational and public health strategies that promote a healthy work environment and balance between the demands and resources available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is inconclusive evidence regarding the role of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), especially among medical students due to high academic stress. Aim: To determine the association between IBS and ED in medical students from a Peruvian university in 2022. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data analysis on 133 medical students from a university in northern Peru during the 2021-II academic semester. The dependent variable was ED as measured with the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function, and the exposure variable was IBS as assessed with the Rome IV–Bristol questionnaire. Outcomes: The results were the prevalence rates of IBS and ED and the association of these variables. Results: Of the 133 medical students surveyed, the median age was 22 years (IQR, 19-24). The median score on the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function was 21 (IQR, 10-24). The prevalence of ED was 38.4% (95% CI, 30.05%-47.17%). Among the medical students 3% and 9% displayed moderate and severe ED, respectively, and 24.8%, 13.5%, and 24.1% showed moderate depressive, anxious, and severe symptoms. An overall 10.5% had IBS. Medical students with IBS had a 108% higher prevalence of ED than those without the syndrome (prevalence ratio, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.06-4.06). Other confounding variables were not significantly associated (P >.05). Clinical Implications: The results underline the importance of comprehensive sexual and mental health assessment, with an emphasis on the relationship between IBS and ED in medical students. Strengths and Limitations: Strengths include the use of validated and reliable instruments and rigorous biostatistical methods, and this is the first Peruvian investigation to explain the association between IBS and ED in medical students. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and nonprobability sampling, and there may be bias in applying the instruments. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between IBS and a higher prevalence of ED in these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case study of a Peruvian family with neurodegeneration with ataxia, dystonia, and gaze palsy (NADGP), a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the SQSTM1 gene. The family had three affected siblings who experienced symptoms such as ataxia, dystonia, gaze palsy, learning difficulties, and myopathy. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify a novel disease-causing variant in the SQSTM1 gene. The study highlights the importance of genetic testing in diagnosing rare neurodegenerative disorders and contributes to a better understanding of the variable expressivity of NADGP. [Extracted from the article]

IntroductionIn the modern era, the maternal perception of children’s nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers’ perception of their children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children’s cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception.MethodsThe study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk.ResultsA total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild’s age is associated with the mother’s failure to accurately perceive her child’s weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThere is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.

Introduction: Psychological research can be conducted by researchers and by undergraduate or postgraduate students. At the undergraduate level, psychological research is especially challenging because of the limited ability of students to develop coherent and logical research problems and methodological approaches. Objective: This study aimed to identify the main research trends in undergraduate psychological theses at Peruvian universities. Quantitative and qualitative research design trends were identified as specific objectives. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective systematic review of psychological research thesis of Peruvian undergraduate students was conducted, starting the data extraction process starting with RENATI database for an initial screening phase. The data analysis was conducted in two phases. Results: The data were organized according to the following categories: sex of the authors, universities (1–5) according to their ranking, year of publication of the thesis, number of authors, designs, type of methodology, and topic of publication. Descriptive statistics were calculated on the basis of these categories. In the next phase, lexicometric and statistical textual analyses were used to identify research trends. Discussion: The main results showed that different topics were predominantly framed within the clinical and health psychology line of research, mainly those related to coping styles, psychological stress, and well-being.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated to socio-family problems in the study populations of CEMENA Frailty Study (urban population of Lima-Callao ambulatory assisted in a hospital of high complexity) and of the study Andes Frail (in populations of Los Andes of Peruvian high Andean communities). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using the CEMENA Frailty Study and the Andes Frail Study data. The main variable was "social problems" measured with Social Familial Gijon Scale with a score greater than 10; the statistical analysis was performed with Poisson regression. RESULTS: The sample size was 2119 participants. We found a frequency of social problems measured with Gijon Scale of 40.4% (n = 856), factors associated to the main variable were age, living alone and sex. The most frequent age groups were 71 to 80 years (45.2%, n = 958), and older than 80 years old (33.7%, n = 715); the sample had male gender in 54.9% (n = 1661) and 15.4% (n = 328) reported living alone. CONCLUSIONS: Being at the age between 71 and 80 years, male gender, and living alone increase the risk to suffer social problems in elderly of high Andean communities and elderly of Lima-Callao, treated in geriatrics services, although factors associated to each population varies independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most fatal infectious diseases, caused by the aerobic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is infected with the latent (LTB) version of this disease, with only 5-10% of infected individuals developing its active (ATB) form. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PA) is the most common and diverse form of primary lung carcinoma. The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of TB and lung cancer in patients has been widely reported and is known to be an issue for diagnosis and surgical treatment. Raising evidence shows that patients cured of TB represent a group at risk for developing PA. In this work, using sRNAsequencing, we evaluated the expression patterns of circulating small RNAs available in exosomes extracted from blood samples of Peruvian patients affected by latent tuberculosis, active tuberculosis, or pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Differential expression analysis revealed a set of 24 microRNAs perturbed in these diseases, revealing potential biomarker candidates for the Peruvian population. Most of these miRNAs are normally expressed in healthy lung tissue and are potential regulators of different shared and unique KEGG pathways related to cancers, infectious diseases, and immunology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Asthma is one of the conditions that contributes to the global burden of respiratory diseases and has been previously associated with diet intake. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between diet, assessed by a developed score, and asthma in Peruvian children. Methods This study was a cross sectional analysis nested within an unmatched case-control study of children in two peri-urban communities of Lima, Peru. We evaluated 767 children and adolescents (573 with asthma, 194 controls) between 9 and 19 years. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with food groups classified as “healthy” or “unhealthy”. Asthma control, Lung function and atopy were assessed by Asthma Control Test, Spirometry and InmunoCAP 250 test, respectively. Results Mean age of participants was 13.8 years (SD 2.6). Mean diet score was 5 (SD 1.23; range 2–8). Healthy Diet Score was associated with asthma status [OR 0.83, 95% CI (0.72, 0.95), p = 0.009] in adjusted analysis. Thus, participants with higher HDS, had lower odds of asthma. In sensitivity analyses, when adjusting for atopy, results did not change significantly. [OR 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99); p = 0.04]. No association between the HDS and asthma control, FEV1, nor FeNO were observed. Atopy did not modify the association between diet and asthma outcomes. Conclusions In our study cohort, better diet quality was associated with lower odds of asthma, but was not associated with asthma control. Diet modification may be a potential intervention to impact the increasing prevalence of this disease.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Highmore antrum sexual dimorphism by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study. The sample consisted of 190 CBCT scans. Inter-observer concordance was performed previously obtaining an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.99 for the width, length, and height of the right and left maxillary sinus. Then the dimensions of the maxillary sinus (left and right) were measured. All statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t test and Lambda de Wilks, establishing a level of significance of P < 0.05. Results: It was observed that on the right side of the maxillary sinus there were only statistically significant differences between the width, height, area, perimeter, and volume of the Highmore's antrum and sex with a P < 0.05. Statistically significant differences were observed between sex and the width, height, area, perimeter, and volume of the Highmore's antrum in the right side of the maxillary sinus (P < 0.05), whereas the left side only showed statistically significant differences between the height and volume of the Highmore's antrum and sex (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The maxillary sinuses have significant sexual dimorphism, with the parameter of height showing the greatest dimorphism according to the discriminant analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the modern era, the maternal perception of children's nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children's Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers' perception of their children's Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children's cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception., Methods: The study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers' perceptions of their children's weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk., Results: A total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p  ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild's age is associated with the mother's failure to accurately perceive her child's weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk ( p  ≤ 0.05)., Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Mamani, Martínez, Llico, Sairitupa-Sanchez, Morales-García, Rivera-Lozada and Morales-García.)

Tropical high‐mountain permafrost has a unique thermal regime due to its exposure to strong solar radiation and to rough surface snow morphology, which reduce ground heat transfer from the surface. Latent heat transfer and higher albedo that occur during the snow‐covered season contribute to positive feedback that supports the presence of permafrost. This preliminary study reports on the thermal state characteristics of tropical mountain permafrost in Peru. This work also evaluates the potential combined impact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the mountain permafrost of the Coropuna and Chachani volcanic complexes, both located at the western edge of the southern Peruvian Altiplano. Temperature monitoring boreholes were established at 5,217 m at Coropuna and 5,331 m at Chachani, and electrical resistivity was surveyed in both sites. This 7‐year discontinuous record of permafrost temperature data encompasses historically extreme El Niño/La Niña events. Our results show that the current lower‐altitude permafrost boundary (~5,100 m a.s.l.) is critically influenced by the balance of wet and dry seasons: permafrost tends to deplete during drought years. Typical permafrost thickness was 10–20 m and contained ice‐rich pore spaces. The presence of permafrost and its thermal resistance depends on ice content and on higher albedo, usually due to: (a) hydrothermal alteration, which transforms the volcanic rocks into surfaces with ideal albedo for permafrost resilience; and (b) sublimation of the snow cover, forming ice‐pinnacles named penitentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinocerebellar ataxia subtypes 1, 3, and 6 (SCA1, MJD/SCA3, and SCA6) are among the most prevalent autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias worldwide, but their relative frequencies in Peru are low. Frequency of large normal (LN) alleles at spinocerebellar ataxia-causative genes has been proposed to be associated with disease prevalence. To investigate the allelic distribution of the CAG repeat in ATXN1, ATXN3, and CACNA1A genes in a Peruvian mestizo population and examine their association with the relative frequency of SCA1, MJD/SCA3, and SCA6 across populations. We genotyped 213 healthy mestizo individuals from Northern Lima, Peru, for ATXN1, ATXN3, and CACNA1A using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). We compared the frequency of LN alleles and relative disease frequency between populations. We also tested 40 samples for CAT repeat interruptions within the CAG tract of ATXN1. We found no association between disease frequency and population frequency of LN alleles at ATXN1 and ATXN3. All 40 ATXN1 samples tested for CAT interruptions were positive. Frequency of LN alleles at CACNA1A correlates with SCA6 frequency across several populations, but this effect was largely driven by data from a single population. Low frequency of SCA1 and MJD/SCA3 in Peru is not explained by frequency of LN alleles at ATXN1 and ATXN3, respectively. The observed correlation between CACNA1A LN alleles and SCA6 frequency requires further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the increase of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) on the smile in young Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study included a total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) aged between 20 and 30 years. Silicone stops were created that increased the OVD by 2 and 4 mm. Photographs were taken with a reflex camera of position, at programmed and standardized lighting, with and without the stops made to the patients using a head and face positioner. The following measurements were made: smile index, interlabial distance, intercomisural width, distance of the incisal edge-upper lip, and distance of the incisal edge-lower lip. The analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis, establishing a level of significance at P < 0.05. Results: The measure of the interlabial distance of the initial smile was 10.70 ± 2.80 mm, in which the OVD became 11.79 ± 3.67 mm with the increase of 2 mm and 12.91 ± 3.98 mm with the increase of 4mm; however, the increase in OVD favored a decrease on the smile index, decreasing from 6.07 ± 1.51 mm to 5.48 ± 1.24 mm and 4.99 ± 1.47 mm in the group of increases in the OVD of 2 and 4 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The increase of the OVD favors an increase in the interlabial distance and the measure from the incisal edge to the lower lip; however, it produces a decrease in the smile index in the young Peruvian patients evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma is one of the conditions that contributes to the global burden of respiratory diseases and has been previously associated with diet intake. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between diet, assessed by a developed score, and asthma in Peruvian children.Methods: This study was a cross sectional analysis nested within an unmatched case-control study of children in two peri-urban communities of Lima, Peru. We evaluated 767 children and adolescents (573 with asthma, 194 controls) between 9 and 19 years. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with food groups classified as "healthy" or "unhealthy". Asthma control, Lung function and atopy were assessed by Asthma Control Test, Spirometry and InmunoCAP 250 test, respectively.Results: Mean age of participants was 13.8 years (SD 2.6). Mean diet score was 5 (SD 1.23; range 2-8). Healthy Diet Score was associated with asthma status [OR 0.83, 95% CI (0.72, 0.95), p = 0.009] in adjusted analysis. Thus, participants with higher HDS, had lower odds of asthma. In sensitivity analyses, when adjusting for atopy, results did not change significantly. [OR 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99); p = 0.04]. No association between the HDS and asthma control, FEV1, nor FeNO were observed. Atopy did not modify the association between diet and asthma outcomes.Conclusions: In our study cohort, better diet quality was associated with lower odds of asthma, but was not associated with asthma control. Diet modification may be a potential intervention to impact the increasing prevalence of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN Se estima que los trastornos neurocognitivos mayores afectarán a 115,4 millones de personas en 2050, lo que representa una carga financiera importante para la sociedad. Asimismo, la dependencia funcional para actividades básicas o instrumentales de la vida diaria suele ser consecuencia de la mayor prevalencia de patologías discapacitantes, y de la progresiva disminución de la reserva fisiológica propia del envejecimiento. OBJETIVOS Se persiguen dos objetivos: determinar la relación entre los test funcionales y la predicción de deterioro de funciones cognitivas en pacientes geriátricos; y establecer qué factores están asociados a disminución de las funciones cognitivas en pacientes geriátricos. MÉTODOS Estudio de tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Incluimos participantes que acudieron a los servicios ambulatorios de geriatría del Centro Médico Naval de Perú desde 2010 hasta 2014. Se formaron dos grupos, el primero con los que presentaron pérdida fisiológica de funciones cognitivas, definida como la disminución menor a 4,1 puntos en el puntaje del Mini Mental State Examination durante el seguimiento y otro con una pérdida patológica de funciones cognitivas, definida como la disminución de 4,2 puntos en promedio o más en el puntaje de esta misma encuesta durante el seguimiento. Los pacientes fueron seguidos por cuatro años, período en el que se les efectuaron evaluaciones funcionales y se recogieron datos de comorbilidades y factores sociodemográficos. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 368 pacientes, cuya media de edad fue de 75,8 años y 50,91% fueron hombres. El género femenino (53,72%), la presencia de un bajo grado de instrucción (62,81%) y la presencia de comorbilidades fueron más prevalentes en el grupo con disminución de Mini Mental State Examination patológico. Las variables de evaluación funcional, incluyendo al Timed Up and Go Test, presentaron promedios inadecuados durante el seguimiento de cuatro años en el grupo con evolución patológica del puntaje del Mini Mental State Examination, en comparación con el grupo sano. CONCLUSIONES Los valores del puntaje del Timed Up and Go Test logran predecir el riesgo de una disminución patológica del Mini Mental State Examination, independientemente de factores sociodemográficos, comorbilidades y valoración funcional.

Background: Intraoperative cytology (IC) is an alternative to frozen-section (FS) diagnosis. We present our experience with and the diagnostic value of IC during a 7-year period when FS was not available in a Peruvian Cancer Center., Material and Methods: This 7-year retrospective single-arm review study includes IC procedures performed by three pathologists between 2012 and 2018. These IC reports were reviewed independently by one pathologist and were correlated with the histologic diagnoses, which were used as the gold standard. All IC preparations (imprint, scrape, and crush smears) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. IC interpretations were categorized as: malignant, benign, atypical, and "deferred to permanent sections." Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated by use of standard methods., Results: A total of 1814 IC cases prepared from various organs obtained from 887 patients were reviewed. Malignant, benign, atypical, and "deferred to permanent sections" IC diagnoses were 26.3%, 68.9%, 3.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. Atypical and deferred cases were excluded from the statistical analysis; thus 1712 cases were found to be eligible. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were 91.6%, 97.7%, 94.1%, 96.7%, and 96%, respectively., Conclusion: In experienced hands, IC is a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate alternative diagnostic modality for intraoperative diagnosis when FS is not available., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Using Spencer-Oatey's (2005) rapport-management model to analyze data collected in open role-play interactions in Lima, Peru, this paper expands research on the preferred communicative patterns of Peruvian Spanish speakers when expressing gratitude in a situation exhibiting high social distance (+SD) and no power (-P) difference between interlocutors, and where the benefit received from the interlocutor is considerable. It is argued that although the development of interpersonal communication in social interactions reflects the relationship of each speaker with his/her interlocutor and his/her "own values and personal standards" (Furukawa 2000), it also reflects their cultural preferences to manage interpersonal relationships (Spencer-Oatey 2005). Results show that participants exhibited what apparently is prescribed behavior in this sociocultural context in the realization of their interactional goals: The creation and enhancement of the relationship using communicative strategies respecting the association and equity principles and enhancing the interlocutor's identity face. Despite the fact that disrespect to the interlocutor and violations to her autonomy were voiced, it is asserted here, that given this specific context, this might be expected and permitted behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a considerable body of work examines immigrant networks, inadequate attention has been devoted to understanding how networks regulate the relationship between immigrants and host institutions. A rich immigrant process may reinforce current power structures by providing a convenient buffer between the elite and challengers. Conversely, immigration may challenge the status quo. I employ social network analysis to examine three understudied immigrant groups in Rome, Bangladeshis, Filipinos, and Peruvians. I find that they have developed systems of problem-solving and sense-making that often interrupt their interactions with host institutions. The state tolerates this because it situates immigrants’ concerns outside its sphere of responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] We report the first Peruvian family with EOAD carrying a PSEN1 mutation (L153V). [•] This is the fourth family carrying this PSEN1 mutation worldwide. [•] Our data suggests a different origin in this family, possibly on an African or Amerindian haplotype. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]