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The article explores the views of Jews in the early eleventh century on issues of rulership and power through analysis of a Hebrew text known as the '1007 Anonymous'. The article opens with a discussion of this work's account of practices of lordship, showing that its protagonist is presented as a lord. It then turns to examine papal involvement in the power struggles that characterised France, concluding that the protagonist's appeal to the papacy was at the time a common practice. It moves on to analyse anti-Jewish rhetoric and its underlying political messages, presenting it as a manifestation of power narratives. Finally, the article reframes the Hebrew account as evidence of Jewish attempts to cope with the rise of new practices of rulership in early eleventh century France, and as depicting a Jewish-Christian dispute over the symbolic role (or lack thereof) of the Jews within this political dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning with early studies in the 1970s, dehumanisation has become a key feature in attempts to grasp the fundamental dynamics and conditions under which mass atrocities emerge. One of the most long-standing, prominent and widely accepted conceptions sees the loss of moral status as a key constitutive component of processes of dehumanisation, suggesting that the victims' exclusion from the moral universe of obligation breaks down moral barriers, enabling forms of persecution outside the established practices of violence among human communities. With reference to the paradigmatic case of the Holocaust, this article critically interrogates this so far unquestioned equation of a loss of moral standing with dehumanisation. Overall, it argues for a much more nuanced differentiation between normative and analytical uses of dehumanisation, the need for more detailed reflections on its empirical appearances and relevance, and a more critical engagement with its conceptual grounding. Doing so will lead dehumanisation research beyond its current state and would allow for a more intricate assessment of its uses, meanings and relevance in cases of mass violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is war a social trauma? The question appears to be self-evident as war per se disrupts the expected, destroys safety, overwhelms people and brings suffering and destruction to entire nations. Nevertheless, war was initially excluded from the psychoanalytical theory of social trauma, which was conceptualized using the paradigm of persecution and genocide. The article deals with this exclusion and discusses the question of the comparability of war and genocide as well as the psychosocial consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian state is a state of law, based on Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This means that within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the law must be upheld and become a means of carrying out activities in all aspects of national and state life. Laws that uphold human rights and guarantee equal status before the law are required to respond to all problems and conflicting interests of society. The problem formulation is how to resolve criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? And what are the obstacles in resolving criminal acts of abuse through restorative justice in the Bali regional police? The research method in this case is empirical research, descriptive research, the data source is primary data; secondary data; and tertiary data, data collection techniques namely observation; interview; and documentation, and data processing and data analysis techniques, namely descriptive qualitative. Resolving criminal acts of abuse through Restorative Justice in the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police is carried out by integrating three forms of law enforcement, namely preemptive, preventive and repressive. However, the obstacles to this resolution are the lack of eyewitnesses, lack of human resources for law enforcement, and the trauma suffered by victims which is difficult to remove, so psychological support and long-term therapy are really needed to help victims recover emotionally and mentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have found restrictions on minority faith-based communities to be related to the onset of violent religious hostilities. Absent from this work, though, is a consideration of the fact that minority religious discrimination can take different forms, and, consequently, may encourage violence in different ways. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining different forms of minority religious restrictions and their relationship to religious violence. Specifically, we analyze the comparative strength of three basic types of religious discrimination—restrictions on minority religious practices, restrictions on minority religious institutions, and restrictions on conversion and proselytizing —on violence carried out by both religious majority groups and religious minority groups. Interestingly, our analysis shows all three forms of restrictions encourage violence from religious majorities, but not from minorities. We supplement the statistical analysis with a case study of faith-based discrimination and violent religious hostilities in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To those who find genuine dialogue embracing difference nearly impossible in an atmosphere of hate and violent polarization, Martin Buber's notion of the "unity of contraries" can seem absurd. In response, this article contends that the unity-of-contraries approach requires dialogic courage. This article explores the connections between the unity of contraries, the absurd, and dialogic courage through the case study of Mother Catherine Abrikosova and the Russian Dominican Catholic community she founded amid twentieth century Soviet persecution of Catholics. Her heroic communicative response to the absurdity of Soviet censorship, religious intolerance, and violence was informed by a unity-of-contraries identity that flourished rather than decayed as a result of radical difference. Together with the coordinates of Alasdair MacIntyre's notion of networks of giving and receiving and Ronald C. Arnett's concept of tenacious hope, dialogic courage is proposed as an essential communicative orientation for the current historical moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of mankind is replete with movements of human beings across our large planet. People moved or were forced to move because they could no longer live at one place in peace and stability. Wars and famines were common reasons to uproot the tents and move on to greener pastures but there were other reasons as they are still today. One of the major causes of leaving one's homeland is inter-tribal or inter-ethnic rivalry and the other is religious persecution. As we see in Middle-East or West Asia as commonly designated now, these causes are still alive and festering like unhealed wounds making people leave the safety of their homes and family for a more hospitable environment. Into this mixture of geo-politics and ideologies promoted by the super-powers, a complex situation has become more complicated leading countries to take sides and fight proxy wars. The 'migrants' and 'refugees' streamed in via various routes especially by crossing the Mediterranean. Whether these asylum seekers could be classified as migrants or refugees is contentious. One study examines how the very concepts of 'migrant' and 'refugee' are used in different contexts, and introduces questions about mobility, citizenship and the nation state. The media and the press continued to refer to the people leaving conflict zones as migrants looking for a better economic opportunity. Responsible journalists depicted refugees and their desperate situation in a balanced and sympathetic context but a majority of news media channels took the sensationalist and ideologically biased road, playing on people's anti-immigration sentiment, anxiety and fears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a hypothesis about the identity of the Victor Mattaritanus who, as attested by Cassiodorus, produced a "corrected Augustinian edition" of a work by John Cassian, most probably Collatio 13. He would have been a bishop of Mactaris (Maktar, Tunisia) in the province of Byzacena, deported to Sardinia under the reign of the Vandal king Thrasamund, who joined the monastic community established by Fulgentius of Ruspe in Cagliari. This community housed a rich library and an active scriptorium and soon became a stronghold of Augustinianism, but it is very likely that the works of Cassian, an author dear to Fulgentius, were also widely read, copied, and edited there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the examples of heavenly bodies in the imagination of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star and the examples related to its etiology occupy a special place. The Ulkar star in various theoretical sources and oral examples, is often referred to as a "cluster of stars" in Turkish folklore. While examining these examples, we feel that it is necessary to touch upon the naming of the Ulkar star first. In many research works and dictionaries, certain explanations have been given to this name. In some verbal examples, the star of Ulkar is called Ulkar, just as we express it. In the folklore of different Turkic nations, this star is expressed by different names. In the works of Turkmen scientists of the 11th-14th centuries, the star cluster Pleiades (Ulkar) is often mentioned. In Salar Baba's work, she is called Sureya, and in Gazi Burhaneddin's work, she is called Parvin. According to oral tradition widely spread among the Turkic nations, in ancient times Ulkar was the spirit that controlled the weather. Whenever the Ulkar begins to appear, the deadly cold and storms begin. In the examples, in most cases, there is talk about the material creation of the star. In another example, the origin of the name Ulkar is mentioned, and it is associated with a certain action. In the plots of examples with this theme, the motif of "going to sky" occupies a central place. The fact that the Ulkar was taken to the sky by another creature is also found in the imaginations of the Turkic nations. From all this, it can be concluded that in the worldview of the Turkic nations, the Ulkar star, which is associated with cold weather, was any creature on earth before transformation. Then that creature rose to the sky for various reasons and became the star of Ulkar

The Endangered dhole Cuon alpinus is a medium-sized canid that was historically distributed widely across East, Central, South and Southeast Asia. In Nepal, following heavy persecution during the 1970s and 1980s, the species was locally extirpated across large parts of the country. After decades of near absence, the dhole is reportedly showing signs of recovery in various areas of Nepal. We carried out three surveys using camera traps (resulting in a total of 6,550 camera-trap days), reviewed literature and interviewed herders and conservation practitioners (40 interviews) to determine the historical and current distribution of dholes in the country, and the species’ current status. Our camera traps recorded five images of dholes, and the literature review and interview survey provided further insights into the historical and current presence of dholes in Nepal. The combined findings suggest dholes have recolonized many areas where they had been locally extirpated, such as the Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal and the Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale forests in the eastern part of the country. Although these returns are encouraging, challenges remain for dhole recolonization, including conflict with livestock herders, human hunting of wild ungulates affecting the species’ prey base, increasing infrastructure development in forested areas, and diseases.

The arrival of Jews from Hungary to Uruguay occurred between 1920 and 1957. In this study we focus only on analyzing the experiences both in Hungary and in Uruguay of those who arrived during and after the Shoa. That is, of those who suffered persecution and attempted extermination for being Jews and of those who survived it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To establish the unfortunate influences of a violent, macho and corrupt environment on the patient (J), approximately forty years old, who, together with her family, was subjected to threats and persecution which forced them to move. Methodology: Psychoanalytic treatment of one year in psychoanalysis, four sessions a week and with the need to move since she worked in her city and had to travel every week to attend the sessions. Psychoanalysis focused on the countertransferential difficulties experienced. Results and Conclusions: Through the psychoanalytic work, after six months the emotional state and nightmares improved and the beginning of reparative functioning was detected in the oneiric material. Some conclusions were reached about aspects that influence violence in Colombia: machismo, fanaticism and corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analytically reviews the character of Sofia Petrovna in the novel Sofia Petrovna (Lidia, Chukovskaya, 1967/1988) in the context of the police persecutions carried out by the Stalinist regime between 1935 and 1938 known as the Great Terror. This novel, written clandestinely during that period, recounts Sofia's struggle to find out the whereabouts of her son Kolia, arrested for no apparent reason; the sterile determination of this mother from Leningrad in the face of the monstrous Soviet bureaucracy and her own stigmatization as a relative of an enemy of the people, are factors that constitute not only the fictional plot of this work, but also the silenced chronicle of millions of Soviet women. martyred to the point of destitution or death by the judicial and police bodies of the USSR, including the author herself, who lost her husband, the physicist Matvei Bronstein, during the purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moreana is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the rewriting work that Costa Rican author Ana Lucía Fonseca does of some exemplary biblical narratives, to give voice to figures that, from her perspective, represent dissidence, heresy, exile, rebellion, and persecution. We focus on the stories "La amante de Eva" and "Caín y las semillas". For the analysis, we follow the contributions of Herrero Cecilia (2006), who understands the myth --within a rewriting work-- as a "reference intertext", which is interpreted and reformulated by a writer in a new text. Consequently, we consider, in relation to the new texts, the transformations --by inclusion or exclusion-- that are introduced in their narrative schemes (always in relation to the "intertexts of reference"), as well as the ideological line that underlies in the specific message, in each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the threat faced by the Rohingya people of losing their ethnic identity and how a new digital archive offers them the opportunity to preserve their cultural heritage. It is mentioned that the International Court of Justice is examining a case of genocide against the State of Myanmar for the persecution of the Rohingya people. To address the identity crisis, initiatives such as the Rohingya Cultural Memory Center and the Rohingya Historical Archive have been established, using digital media to promote Rohingya culture and preserve their history. The article highlights the practical challenges of digitally preserving Rohingya culture, including the precarious security situation of refugee communities and the diaspora, as well as concerns about the security and misuse of Rohingya people's data. It suggests educating communities about the importance of their cultural heritage and focusing on safer cultural preservation formats, such as oral storytelling. [Extracted from the article]

The Endangered dhole Cuon alpinus is a medium-sized canid that was historically distributed widely across East, Central, South and Southeast Asia. In Nepal, following heavy persecution during the 1970s and 1980s, the species was locally extirpated across large parts of the country. After decades of near absence, the dhole is reportedly showing signs of recovery in various areas of Nepal. We carried out three surveys using camera traps (resulting in a total of 6,550 camera-trap days), reviewed literature and interviewed herders and conservation practitioners (40 interviews) to determine the historical and current distribution of dholes in the country, and the species' current status. Our camera traps recorded five images of dholes, and the literature review and interview survey provided further insights into the historical and current presence of dholes in Nepal. The combined findings suggest dholes have recolonized many areas where they had been locally extirpated, such as the Annapurna Conservation Area in central Nepal and the Tinjure–Milke–Jaljale forests in the eastern part of the country. Although these returns are encouraging, challenges remain for dhole recolonization, including conflict with livestock herders, human hunting of wild ungulates affecting the species' prey base, increasing infrastructure development in forested areas, and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persecution is an arbitary act against other person with the aim of torturing and intentionally causing pain and injury. An abuse can be happened to anyone, especially to a child. Child abuse is a serious problem and it is requires more attention on the legal aspect. Persecution is an act that against the law and is contrary to the implementation of human rights, where all humans have their right to lives. This research aims to analyze thr causes, impacts, and legal protection toward children whose a victim of children abuse. By using a normative legal approach with a normative juridical approach methods which is carried out by examining theories, concepts, and related legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wakalah is a concept in Islamic law that allows a person to appoint a representative or agent to carry out tasks or transactions on their behalf. A wakalah agreement is an agreement where the first party gives power or mandatory to the second party. It is impossible for each individual to handle all matters only by themselves. Therefore, Allah SWT has established rules about how the wakalah contract can be carried out, providing benefits for us. Wakalah comes from words "wakalah-yakilu-waklan", which means submission or giving authority to a representative. Wakalah can be interpreted as handing over tasks that a person can carry out independetly to another person, so that the person carries out these tasks throughout his life. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of wakalah from the perspective of Islamic law, as well as identifying the key aspects involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay rereads Cormac McCarthy's 1979 novel Suttree as a "blues," examining Suttree's deep relationship to the vengeful, hunted black man Ab Jones, whose scarred body and eloquently articulated narrative of persecution leads Suttree to channel his plaintive suffering. Startlingly, the conclusion of the novel, particularly the final image of the huntsman and hounds who the title character fears are chasing him, suggests that McCarthy draws on Delta bluesman Robert Johnson's most famous tune, "Hellhound on My Trail," in his evocation of these hounds and Suttree's fear of them through his channeling the identity of Johnson (behind whom looms Ab Jones). At the same time, the hounds have figuratively embayed a particular Knoxville populace--its black community--with devastating consequences and the hounds' presence through this lyrical intertext at the end of the novel suggest how that community's inhabitants, particularly Ab, continue to be hunted down by the white community's representatives such as the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of members of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in helping Jewish refugees flee Nazi persecution in the 1930s has garnered wide interest. It has been claimed that SIS officers, in their cover role as Passport Control Officers (PCOs), helped 'save' thousands of Jews from the Third Reich by issuing immigration visas. The focus, however, has been on individual SIS officers, rather than the collective effort of the many passport control staff involved in issuing visas. There has also been a tendency to devolve the matter into a process of producing crude balance sheets of numbers of Jews 'saved'. This article seeks to understand how SIS came to exploit passport control work as cover for its activities and to assess the impact of the refugee crisis on SIS operations. It also aims to make sense of some of the statistics regarding visas issued by individuals such as Captain Frank Foley and Captain Thomas Kendrick, identifying some wild over-estimates. The article suggests that the humanitarian work carried out by SIS/PCO personnel should not be rendered as a competition as to who 'saved' the most refugees. It is important to research the subject forensically without a partisan attitude towards the personalities involved in order to uncover the truth and understand what happened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the field of queer migration studies and its evolution in recent years. It highlights the intersectionality of migration with sexuality and gender, emphasizing the critique of heteronormativity in immigration institutions. The article focuses on the challenges faced by LGBTIQ+ asylum seekers, particularly in the United Kingdom, including issues related to normative identity frameworks, credibility assessments, and accommodation and detention. It calls for intersectional analyses and a re-evaluation of practices to better protect the rights and dignity of LGBTIQ+ asylum seekers. [Extracted from the article]

The paper attempts to study Bollywood film, Earth (1947), directed by Deepa Mehta based on Bapsi Sidhwa’s partition novel, Ice Candy Man, as a tale of communal madness and fanaticism as well as to analyze the consequences of partition. The Indian subcontinent became a hub of religious persecution, anger, and hatred in the summer of 1947. The paper intends to explore how women became the symbol of national borders and therefore, the targets of the fanatics for inflicting gendered violence in different forms. It also aims to point out how the people suddenly became indulged in the act of communal violence due to the partition of 1947. It further looks into account why people turned violent under the influence of false nationalism and bigotry. The study again tries to highlight the collective madness of the people of the Indian subcontinent leading to a menacing atmosphere and anarchy. It is qualitative research where content analysis is used as the selected method and the film is explored through the lens of postcolonialism. The analysis is supported with the data taken from secondary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychosozial is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

LGBT nonprofit organizations in Lebanon use social media videos to foreground the rights of sexual minorities in a society that institutionalizes homophobia. Employing content and thematic analysis to study twelve of these videos within the Lebanese sociopolitical context, I examine how the organizations enact the online affordance of visibility to transgress local hegemonic discourses and claim representativity and political rights. Engaging in politics online comes with the fear of offline homophobia. Lebanese LGBT nonprofits have therefore adopted strategies to mitigate offline persecution, including the invisibility of individuals within the visibility of the collective. They have also engaged in Pan-Arab activism and relied on local Arabic terms for sexual minorities to create a more nuanced activism for the Arab region than found in transnational LGBT activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki is the property of Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whether trans people – especially trans women – were persecuted by the Nazi regime remains a contested yet under‐researched topic. But the wider political backdrop (including the culture wars and Holocaust memorialisation practices) steers this historical question with a monolithic value: victimisation. This hyper‐focus on victimisation is underpinned by a 'paranoia' that pre‐empts tragic historical narratives. Trans histories that do not neatly map onto tragic narration are therefore deemed unthinkable and remain absent from the nascent literature. In a move against paranoid anticipation, this article puts forward an argument for a 'Camp reading' practice that embraces 'insincere' and ironic material to recalibrate which trans stories are deigned to be given a history. The microhistory of Bella P. in Nazi‐era Vienna acts as a case study in divesting from the politics of victimhood, that challenges the historian's anticipatory impulses, offering the trans feminine past under National Socialism a 'reparative' entry into the historical canon on its own terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Co-Editor of the Journal, Nathaniel Prottas, sat down with curator, educator, and academic of queer Vienna, Andreas Brunner, to discuss the history of and education about the persecution of LGTBQI+ people in Vienna during National Socialism (1936–1945). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of early-life exposure to persecution risk on human capital formation and marital sorting, while also analyzing how these effects are influenced by the timing of the exposure during early life. Utilizing the context of China’s “class struggle” period, which targeted various classes including landlords, capitalists, and intellectuals, this study demonstrates that individuals who experienced persecution risk during their childhood exhibit lower formal education attainment, reduced cognitive skills, and lower earnings. They are more likely to form marriages with individuals from classes that were previously favored by the regime but have comparatively lower human capital outcomes. Moreover, the study highlights that the most substantial and enduring impacts occur when the exposure to class struggle persecution risk takes place during early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how Türkiye evaluates the protection requirements of Afghan women fleeing from persecution in Afghanistan. It considers whether Türkiye grants refugee status to Afghan women as members of a 'particular social group' or on other Refugee Convention grounds. It analyses the jurisprudence of Türkiye's Administrative Courts and Regional Administrative Courts concerning international protection claims lodged by Afghan women between August 2021 and June 2023 to determine whether Türkiye follows a gender-sensitive interpretation of the Refugee Convention and respects the principle of non-refoulement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the wartime experience of an intermarried family in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It examines the intermarried couple Marie and Jiří Klouda, their daughters, Helena and Mariana, and their closest relatives among the Eisner and Klouda families. Using a microhistorical perspective, this study focuses on the experiences and strategies of particular individuals and their social circles to understand their responses to shifting circumstances. Although I focus on these two families, my questions pertain to the significance of non-Jewish friends and relatives for Jews during the Holocaust. In short, what difference did these social and familial bonds make to Jewish family members? The study shows that familial and social bonds had tangible outcomes in terms of facilitating important, lifesaving contacts and favors within the forced Jewish societies in the Terezín ghetto and Prague. Prewar professional, familial, and cultural networks, and the social capital they embodied, carried over into the lives of Jews forced into Terezín and into the ghettoized society in Prague. Family and friends provided significant material and emotional support for each other. This support was especially important in a family like the Eisners-Kloudas, which experienced multiple forms of victimization during the war. During the Holocaust, non-Jewish relatives and friends could not stop the processes of genocide, but they could mitigate the effects of dispossession, isolation, deprivation, and deportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the media representation of two distinct refugee groups in India: Rohingya Muslims fleeing Myanmar, and non-Muslim religious minorities from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and neighbouring nations affected by the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Despite their experiences and narratives of persecution and injustice, the media's lens has painted divergent pictures, influenced by right-wing sentiments, solely based on the religious identities of the migrant groups. Analysing representations in the print media, we explore the perplexing phenomenon of the negative framing of one community and the positive depiction of another based on religious identity. In addressing this disparity, the article scrutinises the role of development education as a transformative force. We investigate innovative approaches that actively engage with media representations of migration, aiming to dismantle anti-immigrant sentiments. Drawing inspiration from Paulo Freire's praxis, development education emerges as a powerful tool not only to challenge prevailing myths and stereotypes but also to empower learners towards meaningful interventions in societal realities. The opportunities and possibilities for development education to enhance our understanding of migration are illuminated through current and recent practices. By adopting an active learning, participative approach, development education seeks to unravel the root causes of injustice, fostering a space for learners to comprehend the complexities surrounding migration. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on migration, emphasising the potential of education to shape narratives, challenge biases, and drive positive social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As millions of individuals flee conflict, persecution, and hardship in search of safety and better lives, destination states in Europe and North American have struggled to respond. Street-level theory provides an analytic lens for investigating these struggles and how they evolve on the ground through the informal practices of street-level organizations (SLOs), where the law and individuals meet. This introduction presents an overview of our special issue and its comparative, street-level approach to investigating how SLOs matter to policy, politics, and, ultimately, the lived experience of migrants and refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text aims to answer the following question: is there persecution of freedom of religious expression and the religious freedom of evangelicals in Brazil? To answer it, this writing used a bibliographical analysis, based on the following theses: 1. From the constitution of 1891, Protestantism experienced total freedom and numerical growth of its faithful. 2. The persecution argument and the political-evangelical project are reactions to public policies to combat discrimination, religious intolerance and homophobia. This type of discourse generates religious and political engagement on the part of churches and believers against what evangelicals, from the Pentecostal, Neo-Pentecostal and also many historic Protestant churches, call a cultural political project. Thus, it is concluded that in Brazil evangelicals did not suffer religious persecution. by left-wing governments, and currently do not suffer state persecution or social hostility to exercise their religious freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apologetics, in general, is commonly known as the logical establishment of the truthfulness of the Christian faith. The approach taken towards apologetics involves a combination of various methods and a conversational style, while still emphasizing the importance of reason, rational inference, and consensus as the objectives of this apologetic engagement. The authors acknowledge the limitations of the Western approach to apologetics, which solely focuses on propositional truth. This article aims to find ways to accurately represent Jesus in the Global South, with a specific focus on India. The intention is to develop an approach that can effectively connect with individuals of different faiths, following the example of Jesus, particularly in situations where the Christian community is a minority and persecution is heightened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North Korea is one of the most authoritarian states in the world, and members of religious groups face severe persecution. This article explores how deeply religious persecution is anchored in the state system and how it is handled in practice. It presents a six-point plan to improve the situation of believers short of waiting for a regime change. The plan focuses on strengthening the role of religious organizations in inter-Korean dialogue, international cooperation with religious organizations of the DPRK, encouraging the DPRK in liberalizing religion in its country, while avoiding a foreign infiltration through religious organizations, and conducting reforms by taking other countries as role models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some states have shown interest in human rights violations targeting Christians, but in most cases the interest has not translated into concrete actions. Hungary is one exception to this pattern. In 2017, the Hungarian government created Hungary Helps, an international development initiative that concentrates on religious oppression with a focus on persecuted Christians. After a review of data on Christian persecution and state responses, this article examines the guiding principles that inform Hungary Helps and its programs. The paper suggests that other states could consider incorporating various dimensions of Hungary Helps into their foreign policy initiatives to address the growing global persecution of Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a critical analysis of state laws on religious freedom in India and their effect on minority communities, especially Christianity. It identifies the formative factors underlying these laws, along with the role played by religious political parties in their formulation. It also examines the motives behind the enactment of these laws and how they obstruct minorities' rights to propagate their religion and stand as a threat to their survival. The article further explores religious violence, false accusations and arrests inflicted on Christians because of these laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]