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Ensuring the safety of workers at workplaces is a crucial task for every company. The usage of personal protective equipment represents the basic form of protection. Hard hats are very useful in protecting head from injuries. However, workers often neglect the importance of wearing safety helmets and do not wear them. Systems for monitoring and detecting unsafe behaviors can be very helpful for maintaining security. For that purpose, this research examines the success of the application of the latest YOLO algorithm for detecting the presence of safety helmets on workers that can be applied in those systems. Two models with different numbers of parameters are trained for this purpose – YOLOv9c and YOLOv9e. The results showed that YOLOv9c model achieved mean average precision of 97.2%, 93%, and 92.9% in training, validation, and testing, respectively, while YOLOv9e reached slightly higher mean average precisions of 97.5% in training, 93.4% in validation and 93.4% in testing.

Chamber dryers are widely used in various industries in order to remove the moisture from solid materials efficiently. Optimizing the design and operational parameters of chamber dryers plays a crucial role in enhancing their performance and energy efficiency. In order to maintain the temperature at the desired level, it is necessary to implement a good control system. To be able to facilitate the process of finding and setting parameters of the controller, for many control algorithms it is essential to make the reliable model of the object. The aim is to develop both reliable and accurate predictive model that can assist in optimizing the design, structures, and inspection processes of chamber dryers, which will lead to enhanced energy efficiency, harvesting and improved drying performance. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for modeling heat flow transfer in chamber dryers using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The Quanser chamber was selected as the object of the research because of how closely its geometry, material choice, and air flow resemble the structural properties of a dryer. To obtain the most realistic model possible, parameters of ANFIS were found using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. By incorporating historical operational data of experimental measurements, the ANFIS model can learn and adapt to the dynamic behavior of the dryer system.

The use of artificial intelligence in modern agriculture is on the rise, due to the fact that it provides a possibility for more efficient production, better decision making and reduction of the costs. This research takes into consideration the use of the convolutional neural networks for diagnosing plant illnesses based on the leaf image. Detection of plant diseases in the early phase can improve the quality of the food products and minimize the loses. Convolutional neural networks are a type of deep learning method that is one of the most used models for solving image recognition, classification and detection tasks. Therefore, it is justified to anticipate that they can be very effectively applied in the agriculture sector. This paper covers plant species that are the most significant for Serbian production. Various models have been presented and analyzed, while highlighting their advantages and disadvantages when applied for solving this task.

Konvolucione neuronske mreže su vrsta dubokih neuronskih mreža koje se koriste u zadacima klasifikacije, identifikacije, predikcije i detekcije objekata, a pogodne su za rad sa ulaznim podacima različitih dimenzija, kao što su signali, slike, video zapisi. O njihovom značaju svedoči činjenica da su u upotrebi više od bilo koje druge vrste dubokih mreža. Upravo zbog toga se konstantno radi na razvoju novih algoritama koji usavršavaju postojeće modele ili kreiranju novih modela koji ubrzavaju ili poboljšavaju proces učenja. Primenu ostvaruju u najrazličitijim oblastima nauke i industrije zbog mogućnosti postizanja visoke tačnosti i jednostavnosti implementacije. U ovom radu se predstavlja struktura konvolucionih mreža, a naročito se razmatraju novosti u sferi istraživanja konvolucionog sloja, gde se tumače različiti tipovi konvolucija. Takođe, posebno se obraća pažnja na upotrebu ovih mreža u sistemima automatskog upravljanja poslednjih godina, kao rezultata pojave Industrije 4.0. Prilikom analiziranja naučnih radova, primena konvolucionih mreža je razgraničena prema dimenzionalnosti ulaznih podataka, odnosno prema dimenzionalnosti mreža i zadacima koje je moguće rešiti pomoću njih.

A company’s development performance and growth may be impacted by a wide range of different factors, which unquestionably affect number of the employees in the loop. Taking into account all influencing factors, companies would benefit if have possibility to predict the degree of change in the number of employees in future period in order to adjust their internal strategy or to make appropriate decisions that enable the survival and progress of the company in the market. The aim of this research is to predict the change in number of employees based on current state of contingency and quality management factors, using information obtained from a survey of 67 different companies from Serbia. In the first part of the research, a correlation analysis is used with the aim to identify the specific contingency and quality management factors that are most closely associated to the subject of interest, which is, in this case, degree of change in the number of employes. The second part of the research involves feedforward neural network training for prediction of the degree of change in number of employees based on feature extraction of main factors. The training accuracy that proposed network achieved is 77.36%, while testing accuracy amounts 71.43%.

In this research, control of the Direct Current motor is accomplished using a neuro controller in the Internal Model Control scheme. Two Feed Forward Neural Networks are trained using historical input-output data. The first neural network is trained to identify the object's dynamic behavior, and that model is used as an internal model in the control scheme. The second neural network is trained to obtain an inverse model of the object, which is applied as a neuro controller. Experiment is conducted on the real direct current motor in laboratory conditions. Obtained results are compared to those achieved by implementing the Direct Inverse Control method with the same neuro controller. It was demonstrated that the proposed control method is simple to implement and the system robustness is achieved, which is a great benefit, aside from the fact that no mathematical model of the system is necessary to synthesize the controller of the real object.

Overall changes in political, social and economic spheres in Serbia, along with ongoing demographic processes, have affected various policies and all aspects of people’s lives, including system(s) of care. While care became an important analytical concept and category of social policy analysis internationally, it has not been systematically applied in the analysis of the Serbian welfare state. Incorporation of care in welfare state analysis is much needed as its organisation in the national context reveals a lot about the nature of the welfare state, changes in its socio-institutional arrangements and, most importantly, the effects of provision. This article thus aims to outline the evolution of childcare and eldercare policies in Serbia over the last decade, employing the concept of the care diamond developed by Shahra Razavi, which allows examining the “architecture” through which the care is provided: families/ households, markets, the state and the voluntary sector. By analysing the prevalent care policy “architecture” for children and the elderly in Serbia and the roles of different sectors in that respect, as well as by identifying similarities and differences in the provision of childcare and eldercare in the national context, the article exposes developments and current state in childcare and eldercare provision in Serbia. The analysis indicates the profound role of the informal sphere in both care systems in Serbia, childcare and eldercare. Some differences between the two care domains could also be noted. These relate to the configuration of welfare sectors involved in care provision, revealing the modified shape of the care diamond in the case of childcare. That is, while all four sectors are involved in providing care in the case of eldercare forming an eldercare diamond, this is not the case with childcare. In the latter case, the voluntary, nonprofit sector does not exist as a care provider in Serbia, with childcare “architecture” having a shape of a c

The focus of this paper is on the concept of poverty and its implementation into regulations, policies and practices for the protection of the poor during the period in which socialism was the official doctrine in Yugoslavia (1945-1991). The introductory part of the paper is followed by the Marxist explanations of poverty and their adaptation in socialist Yugoslavia. The description and analysis of poverty during the socialist period in Yugoslavia, as well as its ideological and administrative constructions and reconstructions in and through the social welfare system are put forward in the central part of the paper. The objective of the paper is to present the way that the concept of poverty was framed in the policy field, how it was interpreted, as well as how these policies were implemented with a view to guaranteeing "freedom from necessity" in the society of post-war Yugoslavia. The methodological approach deployed is the qualitative analysis.

Fenomen nasilja nad starijima propraćen je razvijanjem teorijskih os nova koje predstavljaju osnov za njegovo saznavanje, razumevanje i analizu, kao i za kreiranje odgovarajućih preventivnih i interventnih pristupa. Iako po stoje brojne teorije o nasilju nad starijima, gerontolozi smatraju da one nisu u potpunosti zadovoljavajuće, iz različitih razloga. U ovom radu, naglasak je na pregledu dostupnih relevantnih teo rijskih okvira. Oni su grupisani u tri kategorije: inter-personalne (teorija stresa i opterećenja negovatelja, teorija socijalnog učenja, teorija društvene razmene, teorija dijadičkog nesklada i teorija porodičnih odnosa uslovljenih moćima), socio-kulturološke (teorija rutinskih aktivnosti, teorija moći i kontrole i teorija ejdžizma) i multisistemske (teorija društveno-kulturo loškog konteksta, ekološka teorija i kontekstualna teorija). U radu se ukazuje na osnovne postulate svake teorije unutar ovih kategorija, na njihove domete, prednosti i ograničenja, uz dokaze iz istraživanja, tamo gde oni postoje. Do datno, razmatra se relevantnost teorija sa stanovišta kreiranja programa i mera usmerenih u pravcu borbe protiv nasilja nad starijima. Faktori rizika za nasilje nad starijima, takođe predstavljaju deo rada, s obzirom na njihov zna čaj za objašnjenje nasilja nad starijima. Osnovna pretpostavka u radu je da je neophodno kombinovati raz ličite teorije u svrhu objašnjenja različitih formi nasilja nad starijima. Nijedna ne predstavlja kompletno obrazloženja, s obzirom da različitost vr sta samog nasilja nad starijima. Međutim, neophodno je i uvećano oslanjanje na dokaze koji bi bili kreirani u robustnim longitudinalnim istraživanjima. Njihov značaj za praktična postupanja bio bi veliki, s obzirom na relativnu ograničenost efekata postojećih pristupa u praksi., The phenomenon of elder abuse is accompanied by the development of theoretical approaches that represent a foundation for its knowing, understanding and analyzing, as well as for creating of an appropriate preventive and intervention measures. Although there are numerous theories of elder abuse, gerontologists believe that they are not completely satisfactory, for various reasons. In this paper, the emphasis is on an overview of available relevant theoretical frameworks. They are grouped into three categories: inter-personal (theory of caregiver stress and elder abuse, social learning theory, social exchange theory, dyadic discord theory and family power-dependent relationship theory), socio- cultural (routine activity theory, power and control theory and ageism theory) and multi-systemic categories (theory of sociocultural context, ecological theory and contextual theory). The paper points out the basic paradigms of each theory within these categories, their scope, advantages and limitations, along with research evidence, where existent. In addition, the relevance of theories from the point of view of creating programmes and measures aimed at combating elder abuse is taken into consideration. Risk factors for elder abuse are also a part of the paper, given their importance for explaining elder abuse. The basic hypothesis in the paper is that it is necessary to combine different theories in order to explain different forms of elder abuse. None of them are complete explanations, given the diversity of the types of elder abuse. However, there is also a need for increased reliance on evidence to be created in robust longitudinal research. Their significance for practical activities would be high, given the relative limitations of effects of approaches created so far.

This paper presents the proportional–derivative fuzzy controller for trajectory tracking of the gripping mechanism with two degrees of freedom. Aiming to achieve movement of the gripping mechanism without sudden starting and stopping, a polynomial velocity profile is utilized. The African vultures optimization, as one of the latest metaheuristic algorithms, is used to obtain the optimal input/output scaling gains of the proposed fuzzy controller according to the selected fitness function. The results obtained by this algorithm are compared with the other three new and popular metaheuristic algorithms: the whale optimization, the ant lion optimization and the sine cosine algorithm. Moreover, a simulation study was done for the defined initial position and for the scenario where there is a certain deviation because the gripping mechanism is not at its original initial position. Finally, the robustness of the controller is tested for the case when the masses of the segments increase three times. The results revealed that the suggested controller was capable of dealing with nonlinearities of the gripping mechanism, initial position and parameter changes. The movement of the gripping mechanism is smooth and follows the defined trajectory.

This paper deals with the problem of classifying images of real and fake faces as it is impossible to distinguish them with the bare eye. Two different convolutional neural networks architecture models are applied. The first one is pre-trained VGG16 model, where transfer learning method is applied on our dataset. The architecture of the second model is based on VGG16 and represents its smaller and lighter version. Techniques such as learning rate decay, dropout and batch normalization was applied in training process. Comparison of obtained results of both models is made.

In this paper a novel metaheuristic method, artificial gorilla troops optimizer, is used in order to optimize classical proportional-integral controller for liquid level system, that has wide application in many industries. In optimization process nonlinear model of the system is used. Obtained results are provided. It is shown that optimized controller represents superior solution compared to classical controller.

In this paper artificial neural network is proposed as a method to classify defective and non-defective casting products in order to improve quality inspection process. Three different models of convolutional neural networks are trained and tested on dataset of submersible pump impeller images which has uneven number of image samples in each class. In order to inspect if slightly imbalanced classes have impact on result, two experiments are done. All of the models are ImageNet pre-trained networks, InceptionV3, Xception and MobileNetV2, where transfer learning method is applied with fine-tuning. Stochastic gradient descent algorithm is implemented for optimization. Obtained results of all models are presented and comparison is made.

The focus of the paper is on domestic violence against immigrant women during the transit and stay in Serbia, on their way from MENA countries(1) to the European Union. The objective is to present and analyze the phenomenon. It is contextualized within a theoretical framework of intersections between domestic violence, migration and the crisis and consideration of migration from MENA countries flowing through Serbia, as a part of the Western Balkan's Route, with an emphasis on immigrant women. This is followed by the scrutinisation of domestic violence against immigrant women in Serbia - its occurrence and reporting, along with the author's reflections thereof. Main conclusions point to the importance of preventive and empowering strategies directed towards immigrant women. Challenges to that are numerous: some stem from under-performance of services aimed at prevention and empowerment of women who are victims of domestic violence in Serbia in general, and some are related to the factors specific for the situation of immigrant women.

Predmet analize su reforme u oblasti rada i radnih odnosa u Srbiji iz ugla socijalne politike. Cilj autorki je da analizom njihovih efekata, posredstvom opisa stanja na tržištu rada, ukažu na prilike, ali i na prepreke za realizovanje agende zapošljavanja. Teorijski okvir analize predstavljaju postavke Gaja Stendinga (Guy Standing) o prekarijatu, pod kojim se podrazumeva klasa ljudi koja se ubrzano uvećava, a kojoj pripadaju svi oni čiji su životi obojeni različitim vrstama nesigurnosti, koje su u vezi sa radom. Metodološki pristup zasniva se na prezentovanju regulatornih instrumenata i statističkih podataka. Rezultati analize ukazuju na opstajanje niza nepovoljnih trendova u oblasti rada, prvenstveno kao posledica dva trenda: uvođenja određenih neadekvatnih regulatornih odredbi, uporedo sa odsustvom mehanizama implementacije regulatornih odredbi koje bi potencijalno imale pozitivne efekte.

This paper deals with liquid level control as one of the frequent problems in industry. Several classical methods for tuning a PID like controller were applied. Furthermore, parameters for the controller were optimized using grey wolf optimizer. In addition to the classical controller, fuzzy PID like controller has also been designed and optimized using the same optimization algorithm. Experimental results obtained on the tank system are provided.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe consequences for the large-scale movement of populations within and across borders. Moreover, the crisis has had serious impacts on origin, transit and destination countries, as well as on migrant workers and their families. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of migration contexts in times of crises, as well as migrant-specific vulnerabilities, including the characteristics of stranded migrants in Serbia. Two phenomena have interacted to influence the shape and intensity of mobility in the country during the pandemic: that of citizens returning from abroad in the wake of the economic downturn and changing labour markets, and that of irregular migrants and asylum seekers stranded in transit along the Western Balkan Migration Route. An emphasis is placed on the challenges faced by migrants, as well as those faced by the country itself in terms of migration governance and management in times of crisis, questioning the existence of barriers to access to support. Despite the fact that these different groups of migrants will experience crises differently, it is important to explore the capacity of the country to assist them, both while in their country of origin and while in transit.

In this review of the monograph 'Transformation of Neoliberalism: Social Policy in Serbia (Sociological and Legal Analysis)', the emphasis is on the influence of neoliberal mechanisms and strategies on reforms in three areas of social policy: education, social protection and employment. Thereby, the restructuring of social rights in Serbia (with respect to historical heritage) is considered, in the context of the processes of globalization, the rise of neoliberalism, and the role of domestic elites and middle layers., U ovom osvrtu na monografiju 'Preoblikovanje neoliberalizma: socijalna politika u Srbiji (sociološko-pravna analiza)' naglasak je na uticaju neoliberalnih mehanizama i strategija na reforme u tri oblasti socijalne politike: obrazovanju, socijalnoj zaštiti i zapošljavanju. Pri tome, razmatra se preoblikovanje socijalnih prava u Srbiji (uz uvažavanje istorijskog nasleđa), u kontekstu globalizacijskih procesa i uspona neoliberalizma, te uloge domaćih elita i srednjih slojeva.

Considerations of old age and ageing are not the central part of the work of Simone de Beauvoir. However, fragmentary mentions of these topics in her memoirs, and especially her two-volume book The Coming of Age, make Simone de Beauvoir an author whose approach to the topics makes an important contribution to multidisciplinary research and understanding of old age and ageing. A strong voice of protest she raised back in 1970 against mal-treatment of elderly by the society, can be an impetus for activism in the area of the protection of human rights even today. Namely, her work on ageing is a kind of a manifesto and a call for total participation of elderly in the society. Primary intention of this paper is to point out to those Simone de Beauvoir's considerations on the topics that could be relevant for the social policy field, as well as to her arguments underlying the considerations. Having in mind her explanations of the vulnerable position of elderly in general, the paper has two-fold focus. On the one hand, basic assumptions of her approach to ageing in general are taken into account, along with the meanings the society attributes to ageing. On the other hand, certain challenges are taken into account, such as transition from childhood into adulthood and old age, revelation of one's own old age, sex as an old age determinant and changes in the world of work of importance for the changed position of elderly., U razmatranjima Simone de Bovoar, starost i starenje nemaju centralno mesto. Međutim, fragmentarni stavovi o ovim temama u njenim memoarskim knjigama, a neuporedivo više dvotomno delo Starost, svrstavaju je u autore čiji pristupi predstavljaju važan doprinos multidisciplinarnom proučavanju i promišljanju u ovoj oblasti. Snažan glas negodovanja koji je ona još 1970. godine podigla protiv lošeg tretmana starijih od strane društava, mogao bi imati potencijal za aktivizam u sferi zaštite ljudskih prava starijih i danas. Na taj način, njeni napisi o starosti predstavljaju svojevrstan pamflet i poziv za punu participaciju starijih u društvu. Osnovna namera u ovom radu je da se ukaže na razmatranja Simone de Bovoar koja se nalaze u sferi interesovanja socijalne politike i na argumentaciju koja se nalazi u osnovi tih razmatranja. S obzirom na važnost njenih objašnjenja vulnerabilnog položaja starijih uopšteno, rad ima dvostruki fokus. S jedne strane, razmatraju se najvažniji fragmenti pristupa starosti de Bovoar uopšteno, odnosno značenja koja se pridaju starenju u društvu. S druge strane, razmatraju se teme tranzicije iz detinjstva u zrelost i starost, otkrivanja sopstvene starosti, pola kao determinante starenja, te promena u sferi rada koje su uticale na promenu položaja starijih.

Palliative care belongs to those key contemporary concepts coming out from the framework of health care policy and touching other public policies. Its development is of a relatively new date, In Serbia it is affirmed by the adoption of the strategic directions of its development in 2009. From then on, it has largely evolved in the national context. However, this is not to say that there should be no further steps to be taken with a view to removing obstacles regarding the coverage of the population, the investment of larger resources, and multi-sectoral cooperation between stakeholders. The paper presents basic concepts and basic recommendations for the organization and development of palliative care. The considerations that follow are of importance for the development of the concept in Serbia, as well as the assessment of its compliance with the relevant international and regional framework., Palijativno zbrinjavanje predstavlja jedan od ključnih savremenih koncepata, koji izlaze iz okvira zdravstvene politike i koji su povezani sa drugim javnim politikama. Njegov razvoj je relativno novog datuma, dok je u Srbiji afirmisan usvajanjem strateških pravaca razvoja 2009. godine. Od tada do danas, on je umnogome evoluirao u nacionalnom kontekstu. To ne znači da nije potrebno i dalje uklanjati prepreke koje se nalaze na putu povećanja obuhvata populacije, ulaganja većih resursa, kao i multi-sektorske saradnje između aktera. U radu su predstavljeni osnovni pojmovi i osnovne preporuke za organizaciju i razvoj palijativnog zbrinjavanja. Slede razmatranja od značaja za razvoj koncepta u Srbiji, kao i procena njegove usklađenosti sa relevantnim međunarodnim i regionalnim okvirom.