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The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among preschool teacher's self-efficacy, teacher–child interaction, and peer interaction, and tried to find out any differences occurred based on young children's emotional intelligence. The research participants of the study were 68 preschool teachers and 210 preschool-aged children. Teacher's self-efficacy test was conducted using measurement tools, and young children's emotional intelligence, teacher–child interaction and peer interaction were analysed through correlation analysis and regression analysis by collecting data using survey questions from teachers. As a result, first, it was found that teacher's self-efficacy had a positive effect on teacher–child interaction, and teacher–child interaction had a positive effect on peer interaction. Second, teacher's self-efficacy did not directly affect young children's peer interaction but influenced peer interaction through the mediating effect of teacher–child interaction. Third, as a result of verifying whether the influence of teacher's self-efficacy on peer interaction through teacher–child interaction appears differently depending on young children's emotional intelligence, there was no significant difference found. These results show that the higher the teacher's self-efficacy regardless of young children's emotional intelligence, the higher the positive interaction between teacher and children, the more positive interaction with young children's peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the multimodal construction of blame attributions in peer interaction during digital tasks in English as a Foreign Language classrooms. Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis (CA), we examine how the force of blamings is manifested in and through the variety of resources used, and the role of digital devices in the emergence and resolution of blaming sequences. The analysis shows that children's blame attributions can be bold and involve a lamination of several multimodal resources, often without an explicit verbal formulation. Additionally, participants may build on the actions of the digital application to allocate blame, using the affordances of the technology to avoid direct verbal attributions. The study thus elaborates on the sequential structure of blamings and highlights their context-bound and multimodal nature. It contributes to research on multimodality in technology-supported classroom interactions, shedding light on the merging of the embodied and the digital in action formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classroom intervention focusing on peer interaction persuades children to develop positive behaviour. Peer interaction plays a significant role in managing problem behaviour among adolescent children. It facilitates identifying weaknesses in children's justification for their problem behaviour. Thus, the study aimed to propose a classroom intervention based on meta-cognitive strategies to subdue problem behaviours among secondary school children. The activities were prepared to inoculate the three components of metacognitive skills—awareness, control and regulation. The study conducted on 36 secondary school children shows a positive change in the behaviour among students who have done the intervention. A quasi-experimental design is used for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data were done. A repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) indicated a significant effect on the outcome, p <.05. Post-intervention interview results showed students' interest in regulating their problem behaviours. The implication is that the proposed learner-centred class intervention can be part of the secondary school curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preschoolers' language abilities are associated with their social interactions in early childhood classrooms. Few studies, however, have examined associations between social interactions and objective measures of children's real-time classroom language environments, information key to informing interventions to support preschool children at risk for language delays. In this pilot study, we examined associations between objective measures of real-time language environments (input and output) recorded via the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system and observations of children's positive and negative interactions with peers and teachers in an early intervention classroom for children with developmental delays (n = 9, seven girls). Mixed effects regression models revealed associations between children's language environments (input and output) and their social interactions with peers and teachers. More talkative children were more likely to have a high number of positive peer interactions. Children who received more language input from teachers were more likely to have a higher number of positive teacher–child interactions, an effect that was stronger for children with the lowest language output. The results of this pilot study build on prior research by using real-time objective measurement to examine how children's language input from peers and teachers and children's own language output supports positive interactions within early intervention classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research was to get an insight into teachers’ perceptions of the social status of students with developmental difficulties in the classroom, as well as their views on the factors influencing that status. The sample consisted of 50 teachers teaching different school subjects in seven vocational schools in Serbia. These vocational schools specialise in different fields. A questionnaire with open-ended questions was used in the research, and the teachers were asked to describe the social status of the students with developmental difficulties, as well as to name the key factors influencing that status. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for data processing. The key findings indicate that the social status of the students with developmental difficulties is less favourable than the status of other students, and that different factors have an impact on such status: students’ individual characteristics, unreasonably high or low parents’ expectations, the indifference of other peer students towards the students with developmental difficulties, the lack of support, negative attitudes and stereotypes in both school and social contexts. The teachers are particularly aware of their own role and responsibility in improving the social status of the students with developmental difficulties. It is necessary, at school and educational levels, to pay more attention to the training of teachers for implementing inclusive education and using a differentiated approach. It is important to raise the general level of competence of the students with developmental difficulties, improve the social skills of other students in the class, and implement the programmes for parental capacity encouragement.

Using computational Social Network Analysis (SNA), this longitudinal study investigates the development of the interaction network and its influence on the second language (L2) gains of a complete cohort of 41 U.S. sojourners enrolled in a 3‐month intensive study‐abroad Arabic program in Jordan. Unlike extant research, our study focuses on students' interactions with alma mater classmates, reconstructing their complete network, tracing the impact of individual students' positions in the social graph using centrality metrics, and incorporating a developmental perspective with three measurement points. Objective proficiency gains were influenced by predeparture proficiency (negatively), multilingualism, perceived integration of the peer learner group (negatively), and the number of fellow learners speaking to the student. Analyses reveal relatively stable same‐gender cliques, but with changes in the patterns and strength of interaction. We also discuss interesting divergent trajectories of centrality metrics, L2 use, and progress; predictors of self‐perceived progress across skills; and the interplay of context and gender. A one‐page Accessible Summary of this article in nontechnical language is freely available in the Supporting Information online and at https://oasis‐database.org [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research on the in-class discursive realities in English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) classrooms has been mostly restricted to whole class scenarios, whereas student-student interactive discourse in task-based activities is largely ignored. This study explores peer interactions among university students in an EMI marketing course in China, specifically focusing on repair practices. The data mainly comprised transcribed recordings of 26 peer interactions during two types of tasks, i.e. topic discussions and simulations. Findings reveal that the task type plays an important role in how various trouble sources are addressed. In both task types, there is a dominance of factual repairables, which are addressed through various collaboratively constructed repair trajectories. However, the relatively informal yet concept-related topic discussions elicit more frequent repair in general and linguistic-form related repair in particular than the relatively formal but hands-on natured simulations, though the latter type of task leads to more procedural and processing-related repairs. Implications are discussed regarding the importance of raising teachers' awareness that different activities hold different language and content learning opportunities in peer interactions in EMI classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some suggest autistic people display impaired Interpersonal Synchrony. However, partners of different neurotypes can struggle to connect and empathise with one another. We used Motion Energy Analysis to examine Social Motor Synchrony (SMS) in familiar partners of the same neurotype: pairs of autistic and of neurotypical children. Partners played two shared tablet activities, one to support collaboration by facilitating engagement and other-awareness (Connect), and one with no additional design features to facilitate collaboration (Colours). The neurotypical group showed similar SMS to the autistic group in Colours but lower SMS in Connect. The autistic group displayed similar levels of SMS in each activity. Autistic children can synchronise to a similar, or greater, degree than neurotypical children when the social context and type of task are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in peer interaction has been investigated extensively by analysing language-related episodes (LREs). These have been classified variously depending on the nature of the discourse. Most studies of collaboration in peer interaction have thus tended to adopt a predetermined framework for analysis. Meanwhile, task type as a mediating factor has been widely examined by identifying and quantifying LREs. This study, drawing on sociocultural theory, explores this area by taking an 'emic' approach, focusing on a bottom-up analysis of collaborative behaviours in task-based EFL peer interactions. The participants were 15 adult learners of a state university in Turkey. Their EFL proficiency level was judged to be B1+ (intermediate) and their ages ranged between 18 and 20. They were randomly assigned to 3 peer groups and completed 8 different speaking tasks orally, involving 4 convergent and 4 divergent tasks.The qualitative analysis of this data identifies 5 categories of task-related collaborative behaviours; namely, (1) pooling knowledge/ideas, (2) encouragement for participation, (3) task policing, (4) simplification of the task and (5) language policing, in both types of tasks. The results are discussed in relation to social interdependence theory and learner autonomy in self-directed learning, and possible explanations for observing such collaboration are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learner‐to‐learner (peer) interaction has been integral to the second language (L2) classroom since the advent of communicative‐oriented pedagogies. Despite the well‐documented benefits of peer interaction, the extent to which learners benefit may be impacted by a range of factors, particularly their peers' proficiency levels. Yet studies on the influence of peers' proficiency have shown contradictory findings and are extensively focused on pairs rather than small groups. Furthermore, although low‐proficiency (LP) learners experience greater impacts from interaction with peers of different proficiency levels, their interactional patterns and perspectives are underexplored. This study investigates how six Latin American learners of English (core learners) co‐created learning opportunities as they interacted with non‐core learners (n = 33) in three proficiency small‐group interactions. A total of 18 group interactions were analysed for language‐related episodes (LREs) and turn‐takings. The results showed that core learners' (CLs) LREs and turns diminished as their peers' proficiency increased. However, fewer incorrect LRE resolutions were found when CLs were grouped with high‐proficiency (HP) peers. The CLs also perceived the interaction with HP peers as challenging but important for their L2 development. Additionally, aside from the proficiency level, CLs acknowledged the importance of their peers' positive attitudes for the success of their interactions. These findings provide important insights into employing mixed‐proficiency groups to create more optimal learning conditions, particularly for LP learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated how autistic traits modulate peer interactions using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning. Across three experiments, we tested the effect of copresence, joint activity, and a tangible goal during cooperative interactions on interbrain coherence (IBC) in school-aged children between 9 and 11 years old. Twenty-three dyads of children watched a video alone or together in Experiment 1, engaged in joint or self-paced book reading in Experiment 2, and pretended to play a Jenga game or played for real in Experiment 3. We found that all three formats of social interactions increased IBC in the frontotemporoparietal networks, which have been reported to support social interaction. Further, our results revealed the shared and unique interbrain connections that were predictive of the lower and higher parent-reported autism-spectrum quotient scores, which indicated child autistic traits. Results from a convergence of three experiments provide the first evidence to date that IBC is modulated by child autistic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the digital era has catalyzed transformative shifts in educational paradigms, seamlessly integrating sustainable education with innovative pedagogical approaches that cater to a broader spectrum of learners and educators. As the academic landscape evolves into an information-dense environment, traditional models of one-on-one feedback often fall short, resulting in delays and a lack of diverse intellectual engagement. This shift underscores the growing importance of peer feedback and asynchronous post-lesson feedback mechanisms, which have emerged as vital, process-oriented educational activities. Such mechanisms not only address the immediacy and diversity of feedback but also foster a sustainable, collaborative, and engaging learning environment that bolsters student autonomy and interaction. This study conducts a mapping review and synthesis of the literature on peer interaction, assessment, and participatory innovations in online and mobile learning within higher education, covering the period from 1993 to 2022. By employing topic modeling techniques to analyze a corpus of 485 articles, the literature was initially segmented into 19 distinct issues. These were subsequently consolidated into three major thematic models, thereby highlighting significant themes, research focal points, and prospective trends. This analytical process not only enriches the understanding of peer dynamics in digital learning settings but also integrates sustainable educational practices by promoting resource efficiency and inclusivity. The findings serve as a robust reference for future researchers aiming to explore the intersections of technology, peer interaction, and sustainability in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we describe a study in which a validated motivational survey was used to investigate the effect of working in mixed or same-gender groups on physics self-efficacy and self-reported peer influence on self-efficacy in a calculus-based introductory physics course in which women are severely underrepresented both in our sample and in the United States overall. Likely due to societal stereotypes and biases, we found that men tended to have higher physics self-efficacy and reported higher peer influence on self-efficacy than women both before and at the end of the physics course. Additionally, all students except those who worked in same-gender groups had a decrease in their average physics self-efficacy from the beginning to the end of the semester. Our findings suggest that instructors should implement classroom policies that encourage equitable and inclusive group work so that all students can thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teaching Innovations / Inovacije u Nastavi is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is significantly known as social interaction impairment that can be reduced through early school-age intervention. The quasi-experimental research design was used to examine the effect of applied behavior analysis treatment on ASD children's interpersonal skills. The researchers used a purposive sampling technique to select 30 participants who have symptoms of ASD, which were divided into two groups (control and experimental) without gender discrimination. The assessment of basic language and learning skills (ABLLS-R) protocol and portage guide of early education was used to develop a questionnaire comprising four factors. The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of students' interpersonal skills and the pretest and post-test scores of the experimental group. It is suggested that parents and therapists should develop a sharing ability among children with autism symptoms so they can understand social reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flipped classroom approach has increasingly been implemented in higher education and has shown promise for enhancing learning processes across many domains. In this instructional method, learners use certain learning materials to prepare for in-class lessons focusing on a deeper understanding and application of knowledge. Feedback and peer interaction are known to be able to facilitate such higher-order processing. However, questions remain about the extent to which they can enhance the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in higher education. To examine these questions, we employed a 2 × 2 quasi-experimental design in a flipped classroom course on empirical research methods in the social sciences (N = 105). We investigated the effects of the type of feedback (knowledge of correct response vs. elaborated) during a quiz on declarative knowledge, and peer interaction during an application-oriented exercise (individual learning vs. cooperative learning). Elaborated feedback exerted a significant, medium-sized effect on declarative and application-oriented knowledge. A mediation analysis showed that about half of the effects of the type of feedback on application-oriented knowledge were mediated by declarative knowledge. The results implicate elaborated feedback as an effective tool for fostering declarative knowledge acquisition in flipped classrooms. Subsequently, this process also positively influences the formation of application-oriented knowledge during the in-class learning phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the impact of parenting, online game usage, and peer interaction on elementary school (SD) student’s academic achievement. Various factors often affect academic achievement, including environment, family, digital habits, and social relationships. With the development of technology and the changing dynamics of family, it is vital to understand how these factors mutually interact and affect the student’s academic development. Type research descriptive associative explaining​ the extent of the impact of parenting, online game usage, and peer interaction on elementary school student’s academic achievement in Lubuk Linggau. This research uses a sample of 150 respondents from 3000 elementary school students in Lubuk Linggau. Path analysis uses the SPSS program to process data. The research results show that parenting, online game usage, and peer interaction significantly affect elementary school students' academic achievement. However,​ there are research findings that parents do not affect academic achievement, as mediated by peer interactions. These results show that parents must implement pattern-supportive care​ for student development​, limit excessive online game usage, and monitor interaction with their students' social lives to ensure positive academic achievement

In today’s multilingual and multicultural societies, different languages and cultural orientations converge for complex purposes. This study examines how Spanish language students and their native peers (L1 peer = L1P) experiment with dynamic and culturally embedded language uses in higher education. The data included conversation recordings between students (N = 17) and L1Ps (N = 2). A qualitative conversation analysis of the student-L1P interaction revealed multiple and shifting learner-expert positions that led to reciprocal intercultural mediation. Both students and L1Ps mediated diverse linguistic and cultural knowledge to each other by relying on a rich array of multimodal mediational means. However, the L1Ps’ role as peers on the students’ level was crucial in fostering communication in the target language beyond native and non-native speaker positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interactive work with children who have unequal cognitive resources and unequal access to language can be challenging. This article explores the collaborative labor involved in establishing alignment between a child with Down syndrome in combination with hearing impairment (DS-HI) and a hearing peer without DS, during a shared interactive book reading activity in an inclusive educational setting. Method: Video recording of children in a naturally occurring, shared book reading activity is analyzed using conversation analysis. The recording took place in the children's school. Results: The situated shared book reading is regulated by interaction rules. A pattern of collaborative, responsive behavior where the children align to each other's initiatives is identified within these interaction rules. Discussion and conclusion: The shared book reading format has a scaffolding function in the interaction. The findings illustrate how a typically developing peer is able to align to the sensory and cognitive capacities displayed in the child with DS-HI, and how this facilitates co-created meaning-making in the interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Elementary Education in Theory & Practice is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Even though asynchronous e-learning has become popular among universities, few studies have examined how students intend to continue using it for their learning. This study proposed a theoretical model that aims to examine the effects of external factors—emotional engagement and peer interaction—and two constructs of technology acceptance model (TAM) on students' continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. A total of 259 students participated in a survey. The data were analysed using two steps in SEM AMOS. confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for assessing model measurement, and structural equation modelling was applied for assessing relationships among constructs and testing hypothesis. The results showed that emotional engagement had a significant effect on students' continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning through the perceived ease of use of asynchronous e-learning and not through its perceived usefulness. Furthermore, peer interaction had a significant effect on students' continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. Moreover, the constructs of the technology acceptance model—perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness—had direct and significant effects on students' continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. Several implications and suggestions were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This classroom study investigated the effectiveness of form-focused instruction and peer feedback training to improve grammatical accuracy and thereby maximize learning opportunities during peer interaction. Eighty-seven third-semester learners of German were assigned to a PI group (peer interaction only), an FFI group (peer interaction and form-focused instruction), or a PFT group (peer interaction, form-focused instruction, and peer feedback training). During an instructional intervention over 3 class periods, participants in all 3 groups engaged in the same peer interaction activities, but only the FFI group and the PFT group received form-focused instruction on the grammatical target structure, the German present perfect tense. Critically, only the PFT group was trained to provide corrective feedback to peers. Results from a pretest and two posttests, all of which included an oral production task and an error correction task, showed that peer interaction was effective when combined with form-focused instruction, but more effective when peer feedback training was also provided to learners. These results underscore the importance of instruction on peer feedback for more successful peer interaction activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to identify the effects of task complexity on first language (L1) use and the functions it may serve when two groups of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) work on collaborative tasks. Twenty-four pairs of Chinese EFL learners from two universities were assigned to a lower-proficiency and a higher-proficiency group, each with twelve pairs. Each group completed two collaborative tasks of different cognitive complexity. The results showed that task complexity had an appreciable impact on the use of L1 and its functions. It is also found that the impact of task complexity was dependent on learners' English proficiency. Specifically, the higher-proficiency group employed more L1 to perform complex tasks than they did in the simple versions of the tasks. These learners also devoted significantly more L1 turns to fulfill the functions of metacognitive and grammar talk to complete the complex tasks. These trends did not hold for the lower-proficiency group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordinating a physical movement in time and space with social and nonsocial partners to achieve a shared goal – "joint action" (JA) – characterizes many peer-engagement situations that pose challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This cross-sectional study examined development of JA capabilities comparing ASD versus typically developing (TD) groups in early childhood, preadolescence, and adolescence while performing mirroring and complementing JA tasks with social (peer) and nonsocial (computer) partners. Results indicated better motor coordination abilities on computerized tasks than in peer dyads, with larger peer-dyad deficits shown by the ASD group. Developmental growth in JA abilities emerged, but the ASD group lagged behind same-age peers with TD. Socio-motor interventions may offer new channels to facilitate peer engagement in ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to test and understand the influence of parenting styles mediated by adolescent social maturity on adolescent peer interaction. The study was conducted on 420 high school students in Magelang, Indonesia. The sampling technique used in the study was random sampling. This quantitative study used three measurements, namely the parenting style scale (a modification of the parenting scale developed by Gafoor & Kurukkan (2014)), the social maturity scale, and the adolescent social interaction scale (a modification of the scale developed by Kurniawati (2019)). The SEM-PLS test was performed to determine the influence between the three variables. The results of data analysis show that parenting styles independently influence social maturity (t=18.506; p

While much research supports the benefits of computer-mediated collaborative writing (CW) in second language (L2) classrooms, the assessment of CW has received scant attention. This study proposed an assessment scheme considering both the products and processes when assessing online synchronous CW, and explored its effects on learners' interactions and perceptions of the process-and-product-based assessment approach through qualitative analyses. Through analyzing 21 dyads' online pair talk and revision histories in CW tasks, post-task reflections, and interviews, this study found that assessment approach impacted patterns of collaboration, as well as the quantity and quality of peer interaction. Also, learners reported multiple advantages of the process-and-product-based assessment approach in computer-mediated CW, including increasing fairness, promoting better performance, and facilitating effective collaboration. Further, the process-and-product-based CW assessment approach raised learners' awareness of the value of the collaboration process, motivated students to be critical collaborators, and promoted regulated learning. Nevertheless, students expressed concerns that this assessment approach might bring pressure and disrupt idea negotiation. The findings can further our understanding of the role that assessment plays in computer-mediated CW tasks and shed new light on possible ways of implementing CW assessment practices that may facilitate learning and positive learner perceptions in L2 writing classrooms. 尽管许多研究表明计算机辅助合作写作在第二语言课堂中有很多益处, 但如何评价和评估合作写作却很少受到关注。本研究提出了一同时考虑写作结果和写作过程的对线上同步合作写作的评估方法, 并通过定性分析探讨了学习者对这一评估方法的态度以及在使用这一评估方法时对学习者合作互动的影响。通过对21组学习者合作写作时的在线合作对话, 修改历史记录, 任务后反思和访谈的分析, 本研究发现, 基于合作写作过程和结果的评估方法影响了学习者合作写作的互动模式以及同伴互动话语的数量和质量。此外, 学习者还报告了基于过程和结果的评估方法在计算机辅助合作写作中的多重优势, 包括提高公平性、促进更好的合作表现和提高写作质量。此外, 基于过程和结果的合作写作评估方法提高了学习者对合作写作过程价值的认知, 激励学生成为思辨的合作者, 并促进了学习者写作过程中自主调节学习。同时, 学习者也指出这种评估方法可能存在的问题, 例如, 可能给合作者带来压力或阻碍讨论的深度。总之, 该研究的结果可以进一步加深我们对写作测评在计算机辅合作写作任务中的作用的理解, 并为实施合作写作评估实践的可能方式提供新的视角, 这些实践可以促进二语写作学习和提高学习者的积极认知。. While much research discusses the benefits of writing collaboratively for second language learners in online settings, little research has studied how to grade learner performance when English learners complete collaborative writing (CW) tasks. We provided a method in this study to evaluate language learners' performance when they work in pairs to write essays online. This method considers both the quality of their co-constructed texts and the extent to which they actively participate in the discussions during the writing process. We also looked at how Chinese English learners perceived this grading method and how this method influenced their participation. Through analyzing 21 online pair talks and revision histories in CW tasks, post-task reflections, and interviews, we found that the grading method that we proposed impacted how much and how well students responded to each other and whether or not their active participation would solve the problems encountered in the CW process. Learners also reported many advantages of this grading method, including increasing fairness, promoting better writing performance, and facilitating effective collaboration. This grading method also helped the learners value the collaboration process, motivated them to be critical collaborators, and encouraged them to regulate their behaviors for better revisions in the writing process. Nevertheless, students expressed concerns that this grading method might bring pressure and disrupt their thinking while developing or negotiating ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is aimed to examine the interaction experiences of distance education students in e-learning environments where content-integrated social interaction opportunities are offered, and in line with this purpose, the factors affecting students' level of interaction, appreciation, and participation in interactions were examined. The study group of the research, which was designed as a multiple case study, consists of 80 undergraduate students studying asynchronous activity-oriented distance education and 31 graduate students studying synchronous activity-oriented distance education in one of the major universities in Turkey. In the research, a social e-learning environment that works integrated with e-learning contents and offers students synchronous and asynchronous interaction options with educators and students at the same time was used. Students were expected to study the contents in this e-learning environment and establish social interactions at the same time. After the application, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used in the analysis of the data obtained from the e-learning environment and interviews. In the research, asynchronous activity-oriented distance education students showed a study-oriented approach to the content by being involved in interactions in less time and fewer numbers than other students. Related to this, it was seen that content-based factors were one of the factors that most affected their participation and appreciation. In addition to studying the content, the synchronous activity-oriented distance education students actively used the synchronous interaction panel. Regarding this, the factor that most affected their participation and appreciation was the structural and technical features of the system, in which content-integrated social interactions were presented. In the research, in line with these results, the experiences of the students were evaluated and suggestions were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Previous studies have examined the efficacy of the cooperative learning approach to enhance speaking outcomes, but little is known about what happens in the interaction process of cooperative learning and how cooperative learning works to promote speaking interaction. The current study examines Chinese college students' interaction strategies in cooperative learning activities and how cooperative learning instruction influenced their interaction strategy use. Methodology: This research adopted the sequential explanatory design. Thirty students from an intact class at a Chinese public university participated in a 12-week cooperative learning instruction and kept learner diaries over time. One cooperative learning team of four members was randomly chosen for observing their interaction strategy use throughout the semester fortnightly. The frequencies of their interaction strategies employed in the transcribed recordings were analysed through descriptive statistics and the learner diaries were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings: The findings indicated that the four students' Modified-Interaction strategies were employed much less frequently than Social-Interaction strategies when they worked cooperatively, and training in Modified-Interaction strategies was greatly needed for promoting students' effective interaction and language development. It has also been found that cooperative learning instruction was helpful in promoting students' Social-Interaction strategy use as it provided a natural and conducive environment for students to socialize and cooperate towards the group goals. Contributions: This study can provide insights into implementing cooperative learning activities and training interaction strategies in a formal language classroom context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis as a method, this article explores the role of embodiment and tactility in negotiating peer relations in classroom interaction. We aim at discussing how social relations between peers are locally constructed and negotiated through embodied, tactile-haptic, and spatial practices during classroom activities. The focus of the empirical analysis is on how students sequentially co-construct specific peer-to-peer touch type—sustained leaning touch—as well as how embodied two-student formations, synchronization of bodily movements and negotiation of personal space serves as displaying social bonding and balancing between students' dual role orientation. Our findings suggest that intercorporeal construction of we-ness—including exclusive and inclusive practices in relation to peer groups—is based on students' embodied orientations during leaning touch as well as re-organized embodied choreographies, participation frameworks and spatial arrangements. Our empirical analysis on tactility, embodied consciousness and incorporeal compresence has its basis in a phenomenologically rooted understanding of intercorporeality, and therefore our article aims at building bridges between phenomenological understanding and conceptualization and detailed empirical analysis of clearly observable interactional phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative assessment techniques are needed to align with shifting approaches to learning that center peer interaction. Furthermore, it is critical to understand how collaborative assessments work for students belonging to historically marginalized groups. This study reports the perspectives of four mixed race and Latina/Hispanic women regarding peer interaction and group exams in university mathematics courses. Three primary themes emerged from interviews: (a) benefits of communication during group exams, (b) challenges of working with peers during group exams, and (c) consideration of gender balance when assigning exam groups. These findings have implications for how college instructors implement collaborative exams in intentional ways that benefit students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though asynchronous e-learning has become popular among universities, few studies have examined how students intend to continue using it for their learning. This study proposed a theoretical model that aims to examine the effects of external factors—emotional engagement and peer interaction—and two constructs of technology acceptance model (TAM) on students’ continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. A total of 259 students participated in a survey. The data were analysed using two steps in SEM AMOS. confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for assessing model measurement, and structural equation modelling was applied for assessing relationships among constructs and testing hypothesis. The results showed that emotional engagement had a significant effect on students’ continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning through the perceived ease of use of asynchronous e-learning and not through its perceived usefulness. Furthermore, peer interaction had a significant effect on students’ continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. Moreover, the constructs of the technology acceptance model—perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness—had direct and significant effects on students’ continuous intention to use asynchronous e-learning. Several implications and suggestions were discussed.

Despite evidence on the interaction between cognitive individual differences (IDs) and task complexity, our knowledge of how affective IDs, such as foreign language enjoyment (FLE), interact with task complexity and other factors is limited. Since tasks and activities were found by Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014) to be most relevant to FLE, and since task complexity might interact with learners’ perceptions of task difficulty, it is important to investigate how task complexity impacts FLE changes. Informed by the complex dynamic systems theory, this study employed a mixed-methods multiple case study design to study patterns and causes of high and low FLE arousals. The participants were four pairs of Taiwanese high-intermediate EFL university students who were engaged in simple or complex storytelling tasks with speech acts of refusals. The speakers’ interactions were triangulated with an individual learner’s rating of FLE on a per-second scale and stimulated recalls. Results revealed idiosyncratic patterns of FLE fluctuations of peer interlocutors and a high degree of overlap in sources of low and high FLE in both groups. Speakers reported high FLE as a result of interesting storylines inherent in task design and created by peers, the use of picture prompts, peer collaboration, and task performance. Performance problems, failure to retrieve appropriate vocabulary, task design, and lack of ideas led to low FLE arousals. The findings suggest that task complexity combined with other task-induced, social, and individual factors to affect the fluctuations of FLE. Implications for task design and oral communication instruction to promote FLE are discussed.

The advent of the digital era has catalyzed transformative shifts in educational paradigms, seamlessly integrating sustainable education with innovative pedagogical approaches that cater to a broader spectrum of learners and educators. As the academic landscape evolves into an information-dense environment, traditional models of one-on-one feedback often fall short, resulting in delays and a lack of diverse intellectual engagement. This shift underscores the growing importance of peer feedback and asynchronous post-lesson feedback mechanisms, which have emerged as vital, process-oriented educational activities. Such mechanisms not only address the immediacy and diversity of feedback but also foster a sustainable, collaborative, and engaging learning environment that bolsters student autonomy and interaction. This study conducts a mapping review and synthesis of the literature on peer interaction, assessment, and participatory innovations in online and mobile learning within higher education, covering the period from 1993 to 2022. By employing topic modeling techniques to analyze a corpus of 485 articles, the literature was initially segmented into 19 distinct issues. These were subsequently consolidated into three major thematic models, thereby highlighting significant themes, research focal points, and prospective trends. This analytical process not only enriches the understanding of peer dynamics in digital learning settings but also integrates sustainable educational practices by promoting resource efficiency and inclusivity. The findings serve as a robust reference for future researchers aiming to explore the intersections of technology, peer interaction, and sustainability in educational settings.

The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed communication and information access, particularly among Nigerian youths. As Africa’s most populous nation and rapidly digitizing economy, Nigeria offers a unique backdrop to investigate the complex interplay between smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being, and socio-cultural factors among its youth population. This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design to explore these intricate relationships comprehensively. The methodological approach involved a quantitative research framework using a tailored measurement scale developed to gather relevant data, encompassing demographic details, smartphone use patterns, socio-psychological well-being indicators, and socio-cultural factors. This study focused on Nigerian youth aged 18 to 30 years, employing a snowball sampling technique to disseminate the research instrument through WhatsApp and Telegram platforms. A total of 1241 participants from different regions of the country were included in the study. The results showed significant variations in smartphone use patterns among Nigerian youth based on age groups, gender, and socioeconomic background. The results revealed significant variations in smartphone use patterns based on demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and socioeconomic background. Furthermore, smartphone use patterns exhibited significant correlations with various aspects of socio-psychological well-being, such as emotional well-being, stress levels, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. Sociocultural factors did not significantly predict smartphone use patterns; family dynamics and peer interactions emerged as significant indirect influencers through psychological well-being. The recommendations arising from the study’s findings suggest tailored interventions for demographic groups, promotion of digital well-being, and the incorporation of digital literacy education.

Indian classrooms are multilingual by default though learners' multilingual resources are not always utilized to their fullest potential. The aim was to develop comprehension and vocabulary knowledge in English of fifth-grade learners through the translanguaging pedagogy. For the present study, four participant English teachers from low SES government primary schools in Hyderabad were trained to design lesson plans based on the translanguaging reading model. The teachers were observed in four lessons, based on which narrative notes were written to understand the teachers' translanguaging practices. The opportunities and challenges they faced while implementing the lesson plans were mapped through narrative notes of the classroom observations and teacher views expressed in semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study suggest that the teachers were able to integrate translingual strategies to develop vocabulary knowledge by using learners' L1 knowledge and elicit meaning, as well as help them make inferences by using a variety of questions to draw links between text-based ideas and their schemata or background knowledge. The difficulties of implementing translanguaging steps in a systematic manner and lack of teachers' reflecting habits were found to be significant challenges. The study has implications for teacher education and policy recommendations for promoting translanguaging pedagogy in multilingual contexts like India. It affirms that learners' first languages are resources in the classroom that can pave a way for inclusivity and equity in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a public health priority but to date, there is a lack of evidence‐based anti‐bullying programmes or interventions designed for use in special schools. KiVa is a successful anti‐bullying programme for mainstream schools currently used in 23 countries. This brief paper outlines the co‐development and adaptation of two KiVa lessons into KiVa‐SEND lessons and their implementation in two special schools in the UK. One school supports pupils with a primary need of Autism, the other supports pupils with severe and complex learning disabilities. Engagement with the lessons was high from both pupils and staff; the content was perceived as acceptable by staff, complementing the curriculum and perceived as suitable for their pupils. Minor adjustments need to be made to ensure all pupils can comprehend and access the concepts. Further development of the KiVa‐SEND programme and testing its potential effectiveness to reduce bullying and associated negative outcomes in special schools is now warranted. Key PointsThere is a lack of evidence‐based anti‐bullying programmes for use in special schools. This paper details the piloting of an adaptation of KiVa (a successful, evidence‐based anti‐bullying programme for mainstream schools) for use in special schools.The adaption (KiVa‐SEND) was a co‐design between a couple of special school teachers, and educational and psychological researchers to ensure the materials and approach were in line with school requirements and teaching practices.The KiVa‐SEND lesson engagement was excellent from the 12 staff and 62 learners involved and the materials were deemed acceptable via direct feedback and researcher observations. Suggestions were provided on how to make the materials even more suitable for diverse learning needs.KiVa‐SEND has the potential to be embedded within the special school curriculum and then be tested for its effectiveness at reducing bullying and associated negative outcomes of bullying amongst the special school population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peer interactions of children with autism have received attention, but few studies have focused on the behavior of preschool children with autism to independently manage friendship relations, and the internal and external reasons that determine these behaviors. Qualitative data on the autonomy in managing friendship practices of 12 young children with autism enrolled in public kindergartens in China were analyzed. The results suggested that young children with autism showed different attitudes and ways of friendship management in different situations, and four factors might play important roles in their friendship management: (a) children's personality and temperament types, (b) children's motivation and goals, (c) children's ability status, and (d) school rhythm arrangement and role guidance. The core of the four factors is children's motivation and goals, that is, children with autism tend to choose peers they think are appropriate for interaction and active management. Therefore, teachers should configure environmental support in a way more suitable for children's learning rhythm, and respect their independent thinking and choices in a way consistent with their social ecology. The study enriches environmental support strategies to promote peer relationships in inclusive settings with a focus on supporting autonomy for children with autism. These findings could guide the development of autonomous interventions for children with autism to better meet their needs and have enlightening significance for caregivers, practitioners and researchers seeking to support the friendship experience of children with autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Any social engagement, especially with peers, requires children's effective activation of social and motor mechanisms. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display dysfunctions both in individual motor functioning (e.g., fine/gross) and in dyadic joint action (JA), where two partners coordinate movement toward a shared goal. Yet, these mechanisms' contribution to peer interaction has been underexplored. Method: This study examined the contribution of individual motor functioning and JA performance to peer interaction (cooperation, attentiveness, social engagement, and dyadic quality), while comparing children and adolescents' (youngsters) with ASD versus those with typical development (TD). Results: Results indicated more competent peer interaction in TD than in ASD. Interestingly, only the ASD group showed significant maturation with age for social engagement and dyadic interaction quality, calls for further examination of developmental trajectories. However, even the oldest participants with ASD continued to lag behind the youngest TD group. Also, findings indicated that better individual motor functioning and JA performance explained better peer interactive competence; yet, the contribution of individual motor functioning to social cooperation and dyadic quality was moderated by JA performance. Thus, youngsters' individual motor system was found to be an important contributor to peer interaction in those with low to moderate JA coordination capabilities, but not for those with high JA. Conclusion: Results emphasize possible distinct contributions of each motor mechanism and their interaction for facilitating social interaction, hence, encouraging incorporation of individual and dyadic motor skills explicitly into social interaction interventions for youngsters ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 quarantine, we conducted a field-setting pre/post-test randomized experiment (n = 115), creating a community using the social media application Instagram to enhance students’ interactions with their peers and immediate physical environments in a large, introductory online course in environmental psychology. We used the framework of the community of inquiry (CoI) to explain the ecological effects of this project. After posting photos and interacting with others on Instagram weekly for 8 weeks, student participants reported a significantly greater social presence and cognitive presence. Furthermore, participants reported higher levels of course satisfaction and performed better on the preliminary exams than non-participants, but this does not seem attributable to the intervention itself. We discuss the issues of self-selection bias, attrition bias, and compliance bias in this study arguing that greater social presence increased the cognitive presence, as mediated by meaningful peer interactions. Our findings provide additional evidence on the value of using social media in educational settings on learning experiences and for building communities to connect students with their peers and physical environments. We also explore the implementation of a pedagogical approach to context-based learning via mobile technologies, and how the CoI framework can be used in evaluating online learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer interaction and relationships are considered key factors in the academic success of students with disabilities, and serve as measurements of inclusive practice, since children with disabilities who are accepted tend to have positive relationships and interactions. This study explored the peer relationship and interaction patterns between students with visual impairments and their sighted peers at Sirigu Senior High School in Ghana. A concurrent triangulation design was used. One hundred sighted students and two resource teachers were purposively sampled, and 20 students with visual impairments were sampled using a census technique. Interview data were coded and analyzed using the thematic approach, while the questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results from the study showed that there were no positive peer relationships between students with visual impairments and their sighted peers. The students indicated that some sighted peers were unfriendly and discriminatory. The study revealed that there were very limited interactions between the sighted and the visually impaired, and the visually impaired students expressed dissatisfaction with their participation in co‐curricular activities. The study concludes that organizing more social activities would create a friendlier environment, and that the school could promote positive peer relationships and interactions through engaging students with disabilities in more co‐curricular activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research on children's humour is growing, few investigations have focused on how children use humour in conflict interactions, and specifically in group early childhood settings. Using data extracts from a project that investigated children's naturally occurring conflict interactions in a multi-ethnic early childhood setting, we use interactional sociolinguistics to analyse how children used humour at unexpected moments during conflict situations. The analysis probes different meanings carried in the children's use of humour, illustrating how humour intersected with personal and relational power to resolve or defuse conflict, or to coerce compliance with existing peer relational positions. The analysis broadens understandings of the significance of humour in children's lives in early childhood settings, and particularly in the context of conflict interactions that have a 'stretchy temporality' connecting interactive moves to others in the past, and to existing power positions in peer relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research regarding unresponsiveness in peer interaction, including participants on the autism spectrum (AS), is mainly based on predefined categorizations of unresponsiveness; thus, there is a need for conversation analytic research to examine unresponsiveness from participants' perspectives. Method: Multimodal conversation analysis (CA) was applied to examine unresponsiveness in task-focused multiparty peer interactions of an inclusive group, including one participant on the AS. Results: The results showed that it was not meaningful to analyze unresponsiveness in situations where there was no (aligning) response and all participants' orientations revealed that a response was (not) needed. Instead, participants' discrepant orientations to the response relevance made unresponsiveness a meaningful issue for participants to negotiate. Discussion/conclusion: The CA approach can be useful for examining unresponsiveness accurately. The combination of both the speaker and recipient(s) orientations to response relevance can be used as a conceptual tool to identify unresponsiveness when it is relevant for the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeAny social engagement, especially with peers, requires children’s effective activation of social and motor mechanisms. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display dysfunctions both in individual motor functioning (e.g., fine/gross) and in dyadic joint action (JA), where two partners coordinate movement toward a shared goal. Yet, these mechanisms’ contribution to peer interaction has been underexplored.MethodThis study examined the contribution of individual motor functioning and JA performance to peer interaction (cooperation, attentiveness, social engagement, and dyadic quality), while comparing children and adolescents’ (youngsters) with ASD versus those with typical development (TD).ResultsResults indicated more competent peer interaction in TD than in ASD. Interestingly, only the ASD group showed significant maturation with age for social engagement and dyadic interaction quality, calls for further examination of developmental trajectories. However, even the oldest participants with ASD continued to lag behind the youngest TD group. Also, findings indicated that better individual motor functioning and JA performance explained better peer interactive competence; yet, the contribution of individual motor functioning to social cooperation and dyadic quality was moderated by JA performance. Thus, youngsters’ individual motor system was found to be an important contributor to peer interaction in those with low to moderate JA coordination capabilities, but not for those with high JA.ConclusionResults emphasize possible distinct contributions of each motor mechanism and their interaction for facilitating social interaction, hence, encouraging incorporation of individual and dyadic motor skills explicitly into social interaction interventions for youngsters ASD.