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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important staple crop of the family Pedaliaceae. The commercial production of sesame is still dependent on the applications of chemical fertilizers. Mycorrhiza inoculum resulted in better morphological and biochemical traits in vegetables. Thus, here the outcome of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Pseudomonas fluorescence (ATCC-17400) inoculation was studied in the pot culture experiment. Primarily, there seems to be a promising opportunity of AMF in sesame under pot and field trials because of enhanced morphological parameters, especially root weight, and disparities in nutrients and metabolites. The AMF appears to be an option to boost plant growth, mineral content, and sesame yield. The AMF treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescence strain (ATCC-17400) determined the maximum values for the morphological traits and mineral content. Overall, our study highlights mycorrhizal fungi and other microbes efficacy in achieving a successful sesame production.

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a zoophytophagous predator that feeds on plants as well as prey. Several non-crop host plant species have been used to maintain this mirid as a biological control agent in different crop systems. To evaluate the benefit of these non-crop host plants on biological control services, data on the life-history traits of N. tenuis on these plants are important as fundamental information. Herein, we studied the demographic growth parameters of N. tenuis reared on three alternative non-crop host plants (Cleome hassleriana Chod., Brassicales: Cleomaceae; Verbena × hybrida Voss, Lamiales: Verbenaceae; and Sesamum indicum L., Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) and one crop plant (tomato) in the absence of prey under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 16:8 h L:D). The estimated intrinsic rate of increase in each plant was significantly greater in the following order: S. indicum (0.094) > C. hassleriana (0.074) > tomato (−0.002) > Verbena × hybrida (−0.060). The results indicated that C. hassleriana and S. indicum were able to fully support the development and reproduction of N. tenuis with nutrients derived from only its plant tissues, whereas Verbena × hybrida and tomato were not. Our findings revealed that C. hassleriana is a promising resource for the conservation or mass rearing of N. tenuis besides S. indicum.

Herbal plants have been used to avert and to heal numerous ailments for thousands of years. There are reputable sources of active components using their health beneficial effects, and repeatedly, these sources are materials for gourmet food feastings. Specific bioactive components from the herbs have been established for their anti-neoplastic activities. The herbal plant Pedalium murex Linn (Family: Pedaliaceae) universally known to the world as “Large Caltrops”. The plant is rich in flavonoids, phenolics and glycosides. The key target of the contemporary research was to explore the free radical scavenging, in vitro anti-tumour potential of Pedalium murex Linn leaves in non-polar petroleum ether & polar ethanol solvent extracts. Preliminary phytochemical examination of extracts showed that this plant leaf contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids & tannins. This initial investigation proved that Pedalium murex Linn (95% v/v of ethanol extract) leaves (EEPM) were significantly reduced and inhibit the free radicals. IC 50 values were representing, EEPM possessed strong anti-oxidant activity when compared to petroleum ether extract of Pedalium murex Linn. leaves. In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of EEPM was studied on the two different cancer cell lines such as HCT116, HepG2 by MTT assay method. All the four different doses of EEPM (62.5, 125, 250 & 500 µg/ml) produced significant activity against HepG2 cell lines. It shows that phyto lead molecules such as flavonoids & phenolic compounds existing in the EEPM may be accountable for the anti-cancer activities.

The aim.To find out the morphology of the seeds and the features of its germination and to study the development of Uncarina roeoesliana Rauh (Pedaliaceae) plants in the early stages of ontogeny in connection with the problem of a seed germination and their cultivation under introduction. Materials and methods.The latent and pregenerative periods of the ontomorphogenesis of Uncarina roeoesliana plants under growing conditions in the protected soils of the Botanical garden named after acad. O.V. Fomin were investigated. Biomorphological, introducting, histological methods were used in this work. Results.A method of accelerating the germination of freshly harvested seeds has been developed. Uncarina roeoesliana seeds are large (about 7x5 mm), mostly wide-triangular, brown in colour with little-noticed wing around the perimeter of the seed. The dorsal side forms folds, the hem is on the micropillary part of the seed. The periclinal walls are convex and often with papillae. The embryo is large, occupies most of the seed, the endosperm has a lot of lipids, which is typical for the representative of the same family Sesamum indicum L. The presence of papillae probably contributes to the moisture accumulation to increase the enzymatic activity when the seeds are swell. All of these features of seed germination are consistent with the environmental conditions of Uncarina's natural habitats: high temperatures, low rainfall and significant dry periods. Probably the plants of this species belong to macrobiotics, that is, they can retain seed germination for a long time. The germination is aboveground. During the 24 weeks of development, the plants reach the virginal stage of development: they form radish roots, 5-6 pairs of leaves, of which only two pairs remain in the young plants at this stage, and a thickened basal part of the stem . Conclusions.Comparing Uncarina roeoesliana with other caudiciform plants, we can conclude that this plant has a high potential for survival in arid conditions due to the ability of seeds to germinate only in conditions of considerable moisture and the ability of the plant to accumulate moisture in the basal part of the stem and in fleshy roots. In this case, the plant is adapted to exist both in the mode of a dormancy and in the mode of an active growth, but in the latter case only in the presence of sufficient moisture in the soil

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) of the family Pedaliaceae is an important and old oil crop that is cultivated mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa for several economic values. Several molecular markers have been employed to study the genetic diversity of this important crop. The study focused on the genetic diversity through polymorphism information content (PIC) by the use of Simple Sequence Repeat markers among randomly collected 22 Sesame germplasm across 2 ecological zones stored in NACGRAB seed Genebank, Nigeria. The extraction procedure followed Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) and the recovered DNA were good with average concentration of 337.00 ng/µL and average quality of 1.795. 30 primers were designed but only 12 with highest genome coverage were used to analyzed the genetic data with NTSYS pc ver.2.02 and Power Marker ver.3.5. The PIC ranged between 0.36 in Primer OTO2 and 0.76 in Primer OTO5. The evolutionary relationship was constructed based on the polymorphic primers and according to their ecological locations. The populations were divided to 2 major clads. Of the 2 ecological zones, the more diverse ecological zone is the derived Savana with 13 accessions, while the less diverse is the humid forest with 9 accessions. Key words: Sesame, genetic diversity, polymorphism information content (PIC), ecological distribution, microsatellite.

From July to October 2015 and 2018 at Maroua, Sesamum indicum flowers were observed to determine the reproductive system, specific richness, relative frequency, and impact of the insects on the yields. 7800 and 4560 flower clusters for each studied were labeled and divided into two treatments, differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection against insect’s activities. Observations were made on free-pollinated S. indicum flowers from September to October 2015 and 2018. The sesame is a mixed pollination plant, and the specific richness of the flowering insects was 19 species. The insects foraged the flowers of the sesame from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm, with the peak of the activity of the set of visits of them located between 9:00 am, and 10:00 am (28.59 %). These insects developed and elaborated behavior when they collected the nectar and pollen. Free-pollination produced more yield than pollination restricted with gauze bags. The influence of the insects estimated at 50.84 %, 17.22 %, 58.77 %, and 09.55 % for the fruiting rate, the number of seeds/fruit, the percentage of the average weight of seeds, and the percentage of normal seeds respectively. This study provided some knowledge about the insect’s diversity of this Pedaliaceae, which can be exploited to improve fruit production. In order to improve the yield of S. indicum, pollinators could be protected by rational pest management tactics. Pesticide treatments should be done in the late afternoon to protect the pollinators for high seed yield or spray at a time of day when crop flowers are closed.

Lead exposure seriously impairs male reproductive function. The protective capacity ofPhytochemical screening were performed according to classical methods. Twenty four male rats were divided into four groups of six rats each and received the following treatments via oral route: distilled water; 0.2% lead acetate in drinking water; 0.2% lead acetate in drinking water with 400 mg/kgFlavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, and lignans were found in both extracts. Lead intoxication reduced sperm motility and count but increased the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperms. The germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules histoarchitecture was disorganized by lead. The leafy stem extract was effective in reducing lead induced testicular disruption whereas fruit has not shown any beneficial effect.

Devil’s claw is the vernacular name for a genus of medicinal plants that occur in the Kalahari Desert and Namibia Steppes. The genus comprises two distinct species: Harpagophytum procumbens and H. zeyheri. Although the European pharmacopeia considers the species interchangeable, recent studies have demonstrated that H. procumbens and H. zeyheri are chemically distinct and should not be treated as the same species. Further, the sale of H. zeyheri as an herbal supplement is not legal in the United States. Four markers were tested for their ability to distinguish H. procumbens from H. zeyheri: rbcL, matK, nrITS2, and psbA-trnH. Of these, only psbA-trnH was successful. A novel DNA mini-barcode assay that produces a 178-base amplicon in Harpagophytum (specificity = 1.00 [95% confidence interval = 0.80–1.00], sensitivity = 1.00 [95% confidence interval = 0.75–1.00]) was used to estimate mislabeling frequency in a sample of 23 devil’s claw supplements purchased in the United States. PCR amplification failed in 13% of cases. Among the 20 fully-analyzable supplements: H. procumbens was not detected in 75%, 25% contained both H. procumbens and H. zeyheri, none contained only H. procumbens. We recommend this novel mini-barcode region as a standard method of quality control in the manufacture of devil’s claw supplements.

Microgreens are young and tender leafy vegetables that have gained wider consumer acceptance. This is attributed to their low caloric composition and rich micronutrient and antioxidant composition. The present study investigated the bioactive composition and proximate analysis of fourteen microgreens belonging to Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Malvaceae. All the microgreens showed low calories (20.22 to 53.43 kcal 100 g−1) and fat (0.15 to 0.66 g 100 g−1), whilst mung bean and lentil microgreens showed considerable amounts of carbohydrate (7.16 g 100 g−1) and protein (6.47 g 100 g−1), respectively. Lentil microgreens had the highest total chlorophyll (112.62 mg 100 g−1) and carotenoid (28.37 mg 100 g−1) contents, whilst buckwheat microgreens showed the highest total phenolic content (268.99 mg GAE 100 g−1) and DPPH• scavenging activity (90.83 mM TEAC g−1). The lentil microgreens also presented high ascorbic acid content (128.70 mg 100 g−1) along with broccoli, Chinese kale, purple radish, and red cabbage microgreens (79.11, 81.33, 82.58, and 89.49 mg 100 g−1, respectively). Anthocyanin content was only detected in purple radish (0.148 mg CGE 100 g−1) and red cabbage (0.246 mg CGE 100 g−1). The results provide basic information and highlight the benefits of utilizing genetic biodiversity to obtain microgreens with the desired nutrients and antioxidants.

The study of the variability of the flower visiting entomofauna between Palar and Djarengol-Kodek (Maroua, Cameroon) and the influence of the pollination type were carried out in 2020 for assessing their impact on sesame production. Three treatments of 50 plants each were used according to whether the flowers were open-pollinated (TA) or protected using mosquito net cages (TB) and plastic cages (TC) for analysis. The diversity and composition of the entomofauna were compared between localities from TA as well as the resulting pod and seed yields of the crop. 21 and 12 insect species were found foraging on sesame flowers in Palar and Djarengol-Kodek respectively. Hymenoptera had a high relative abundance ˃ 92% at both sites and played a key role in pollinating the flowers of the host plant species. The diversity index was higher in Palar (H’ = 3.10) than in Djarengol-Kodek (H’ = 2.64). The Jaccard similarity index between both sites was J = 0.43. During their floral activity, these bees promoted autogamy, geitonogamy and xenogamy on S. indicum flowers. The impact of the floral activity of bees on sesame pod and seed yields was in the range of 17.92% - 29.27% and 12.97% - 18.39% in Djarengol-Kodek and Palar respectively with a significant difference between these values (X2 = 156.20; df = 1; P ˂ 0.001 and X2 = 69.74; df = 1; P ˂ 0.001). These differences showed the important role of the variability of the composition and the relative abundance of pollinators on sesame production between sites. Moreover, bee pollination (TA) highly increased anemophily (TB) and cleistogamy (TC) in sesame. Encourage producers to adopt more environmental friendly management methods to help preserve the habitat of sesame pollinator species for better productivity is an important practice.

The introduction, occurrence and distribution of wild populations of Sesamum radiatum Thonn. ex Hornem. in India along with taxonomic notes on the nomenclature and identification of the species have been discussed in detail. The earlier reports of the taxon from Eastern & Western Ghats and elsewhere due to errors in identifications clarified and a field key furnished to facilitate the correct identity. Color photographs of the plant parts are also provided for easy field identification. The present collection from the West Coast of Kanniyakumari district forms an addition to the flora of Tamil Nadu and to the strand flora of India as well.

Seven desirable hybrids (based on fatty oil content) namely RTH2, RTH5 and RTH7 (roma × tilottama), SRH1, SRH2, SRH3 (savitri × roma) and STH2 (savitri × tilottama) of Sesamum indicum L. (Family: Pedaliaceae; commonly known as sesame, an important oil seed crop of commerce) are selected from twenty intervarietal hybrids (tilottama — black seed coat; roma — brown seed coat and savitri — white seed coat) raised through natural crossing following interplanting (15 cm and 30 cm between plants and rows respectively). Seed coat color is used as marker trait for hybrid identification. Heterosis (mid parent heterosis, heterobeltosis and standard heterosis) is measured in F1, F2 and F3 (raised following selfing) generations considering seed yield and yield contributing (plant height, number of primary and total branches per plant, capsules per plant and seeds per capsule) traits. Considering heterosis and inbreeding depression it seems that RTH2 is the most promising hybrid. F3 harvested seeds are used to assess fatty acid profile and oil soluble lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin detected from virgin sesame oil) in the studied hybrids. Result highlights the following: (1) significant enhancement in seed yield across generations in RTH2, RTH5 and SRH3, (2) identification of behenic acid (C22:0) fraction pioneerly in sesame fatty oil (tilottama, roma, savitri, RTH5 and RTH7), (3) SRH2 hybrid shows most promising fatty acid profile comprising of balance proportion of ω-6:ω-9 fatty acid (1:1) and enhance ω-3 fatty acid content desirable for human health and (4) SRH1 hybrid as the most promising germplasm in relation to dietary lignan content. Pure lines of the hybrids in later segregating generation can be more desirable for commercial exploitation.

The usage and cultural importance of wild and weedy edible leaves of wild relatives of sesame, Ceratotheca and Sesamum in Africa, is reported from herbarium records, published sources, and firsthand observations. They contribute not only nutritionally—protein, lipid, and micronutrients, especially calcium and iron—but release a little scrutinized valuable product, water-soluble polysaccharide mucilage, that serves as a source of fiber and provides beneficial dietary bulk, enhances gastrointestinal function, alleviates constipation, protects against diabetes, and lowers cholesterol. Dissimilar genera and species are used in similar ways. Their utility was discovered by women gathering edible leaves to accompany dry cereal staples. African vernacular names from several disparate cultures refer to their slimy consistency. Corresponding nutritional and mucilage constituents of several other popular African vegetables are evaluated for comparison.

Rogeria brasiliensis J. Gay ex DC. (≡ Pterodiscus brasiliensis (J. Gay ex DC.) Asch.) was published by CANDOLLE (1845: 257) based on a specimen [P00435303] labelled as from Brazil but originating from Angola; it was collected by Silva in Quipungo as the original slip reading “Martynia longiflora. Quipungo Novembr.” attests (Fig. 4). Small slips with locality and date are attached to seven collections (see Appendix). By comparing the handwriting on the slips with Silva’s handwritten letter (SILVA, 1787), we believe that these slips were written by him., Published as part of Figueiredo, Estrela & Smith, Gideon F., 2021, Joaquim José da Silva (c. 1755 - 1810): his life, natural history collecting activities, and involvement in the so-called first scientific expedition in the interior of Angola, pp. 125-138 in Candollea 76 (1) on pages 131-133, DOI: 10.15553/c2021v761a13, http://zenodo.org/record/5724920, {"references":["CANDOLLE, A. - P. DE (1845). Rogeria. Prodr. 9: 256 - 257."]}

Figueiredo, E. & G.F. Smith (2021). Joaquim Jose da Silva (c. 1755–1810): his life, natural history collecting activities, and involvement in the so-called first scientific expedition in the interior of Angola. Candollea 76: 125–138. In English, English abstract. The Portuguese naturalist Joaquim Jose da Silva (c. 1755–1810) was sent to Angola in the late 18th century to collect natural history specimens, as part of the “viagens philosophicas”, a series of expeditions funded by the Portuguese state to its overseas territories. Silva arrived in Angola in 1783 and remained in the country until his death 27 years later. An account of Silva's life and activities is provided. His travel itineraries in Angola are mapped and a list of his collections that could be located is presented. The little-known expedition to the Cunene River in which he participated is discussed. It was the first expedition to the interior of Angola during which plants were collected for deposition in a herbarium. His plant collections are recorded in the literature as numbering over 200 specimens that are held in the Herbarium of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris (P), after they were removed from Lisbon, Portugal, by Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire (1772–1844) during the Napoleonic War, in 1808. The Silva collections served as original material for describing at least 24 names. However, the Silva specimens at P lack collector's name and date and are difficult to trace. Only about 20% of these collections have been located in P. Received: January 15, 2021; Accepted: February 10, 2021; First published online: May 20, 2021

Different hair types respond differently to cosmetic treatments; hence, many options ought to be availed to the consumer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of antioxidant extract from Dicerocaryum senecioides as active alternatives in hair semi-permanent waving and hair conditioning.The antioxidant phytochemicals were first identified and isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spraying with revealing agents. The antioxidant potency was determined by DPPH antiradical scavenging and ferric reducing power methods. The extract was incorporated in two different formulations to make the extract perm (bio-semi-permanent) and the antioxidant hair conditioner (AC). The formulations had their performance examined for hair curling and conditioning on Asian and African hair types. Hair damage was assessed by scanning the surface of treated samples on an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR) and by quantifying lost protein on ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer.The extract antioxidant had an ICThe results show antioxidant extracts from Dicerocryum senecioides as a promising and safer alternative for hair conditioning and semi-permanent curling.CONTEXTE: les réactions aux traitements cosmétiques varient d’un type de cheveux à l’autre. Ainsi, de nombreuses options doivent être mises à disposition des consommateurs. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’utilisation d’un extrait antioxydant de Dicerocaryum senecioides en vue de proposer de nouveaux choix de produits actifs pour les mises en plis semi-permanentes et le conditionnement capillaire. MÉTHODES: les agents phytochimiques antioxydants ont d’abord été identifiés et isolés par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) et par pulvérisation d’agents révélateurs. La puissance antioxydante a été déterminée par une méthode de piégeage antiradicalaire à l’aide du DPPH et par un procédé de puissance de réduction du fer. L’extrait a été incorporé dans deux formulations différentes pour obtenir la permanente (semi-permanentes biologiques) et l’après-shampooing capillaire antioxydant. Les performances des formulations ont été évaluées selon des critères de bouclage et conditionnement capillaires sur des cheveux de types asiatiques et africains. L’évaluation des lésions capillaires reposait sur un examen de la surface des échantillons traités à l’aide d’un spectromètre infrarouge à transformée de Fourier en réflectance totale atténuée (attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infra-red spectrometer, ATR-FTIR) et sur une quantification des protéines perdues à l’aide d’un spectrophotomètre à ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis). RÉSULTATS: l’extrait antioxydant présentait une concentration inhibitrice médiane (IC

Ethnopharmacological relevance Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) is an annual plant, which has been domesticated for well over 5000 years. It is widely cultivated for its seeds and is one of the oldest known oilseed crops. Traditionally, its seeds, seed oil, and different organs of the plant have been used to treat various diseases or conditions like ulcers, asthma, wound healing, amenorrhea, hemorrhoids, inflammations, etc. Aim of the review The main aim of this review is to provide an outline and to assess the reported ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies of Sesamum indicum L. Materials and methods An extensive literature survey was done on various search engines like PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science direct, etc. Other literature sources like Wikipedia, Ethnobotanical books, Chapters were also studied to get maximum information possible on the Sesamum indicum L. Results Over 160 different phytochemical compounds have been characterized and isolated from seeds, seed oil, and various plant organs, including lignans, polyphenols, phytosterols, phenols, anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, triterpenes, cerebroside, fatty acids, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids, and sugars using suitable analytical techniques (e.g., LC-MS, GC-MS, HPTLC, HPLC). All the reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticancer, antipyretic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory are due to the virtue of these phytochemical compounds. Conclusion This review mainly highlights the botanical aspect of Sesamum indicum and its phytochemical constituents, ethnomedicinal uses, different pharmacological activities followed by ongoing clinical trials and future prospects. Sesamum indicum has great importance in traditional Indian medicine, which is further supported by modern pharmacological studies, especially in hepatoprotection, inflammation, and cancer. Several researchers have suggested that Sesamum indicum extracts and isolated compounds could have a wide therapeutic potency range. More research is needed to uncover key features of Sesamum indicum in medical practice, such as structure-activity relationships, toxicity, and therapeutic potential. In order to fully explore the plant's potential, safety assessments and implementation of an integrated cultivation method are also areas that need to investigate.

Lectins are ubiquitous proteins characterized through their ability to bind different types of carbohydrates. It is well known that active lectins from insufficiently prepared legumes can cause adverse human health effects. The objective of this study was to determine the activity of lectins in samples across plant families representing commercially available edible plants, and the feasibility of inactivating lectins through soaking and boiling. Lectins were extracted from the plant families Adoxaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cannabaceae, Fabaceae, Gramineae, Lamiaceae, Linaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Solanaceae. A hemagglutination assay based on non-treated or trypsin treated rabbit erythrocytes was used to measure the lectin activity. The results showed the highest lectin activity in species from the Fabaceae family and demonstrated that soaking and boiling have an effect on the levels of active lectins. This is the first large study that combines lectin activity obtained from two different assays with raw and processed edible plants. In addition, we examined the current risk assessment, and regulations necessary for an adequate official reporting of results. We encourage the scientific community to further explore this field and agree on harmonized methods for analysis and interpretation, and hope that our methodology can initiate this development.

Sesame, an erect annual herb, is a member of the Pedaliaceae family and contains 45–65% oil. Tanzania is the largest producer of sesame oil followed by China, India, and Sudan. Apart from oil, sesame seeds are a rich source of protein and calcium. It is rich in methionine, valine, and tryptophan which are deficient in many other pulses and crops. Bioactive components such as phenolics, vitamins, phytosterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are present in sesame seeds which provide a beneficial effect on human health. Sesame has the potential to establish itself as a major oilseed crop, and its better performance, yield, oil quality, and quantity would also provide benefits to the farmers from the area where sesame is grown as a regular crop. Also, sesamin, a lipid-soluble lignan which is present in sesame has, been garnering considerable attention as an anticancer agent. Sesame seeds are reported to be a rich source of phytates compared to soya beans. Sesame oil, due to its excellent keeping quality, fatty acid composition, and good amount of highly active tocopherol, has found versatile use in the food processing industry as cooking oil, in salad dressing, soups, confectionery, etc. This chapter provides an overview origin, history, nutritional value, production status, and future aspects of sesame.

The methanolic extract of the waste seeds of

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a plant that belongs to the Pedaliaceae family which was first classified as a food source around 4000 years ago. Lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, sesamol, and sesaminol) present in sesame are the primary functional compounds that impart important health benefits. However, very little information is available on the lignan intake from sesame seeds and sesame oil products. Sesame oil is frequently and highly consumed in Korea and therefore is one of the important lignan intake sources due to the food eating habits of Koreans. Herein, we studied the distribution of lignans in sesame seeds (n = 21) and oil (n = 34) to estimate the daily lignan intake by the Korean population. High-performance liquid chromatography, in conjunction with statistical analysis, was used to determine the lignan content of seeds and oil. The estimated daily intake of total lignans from sesame seeds and oil, as estimated from the available domestic consumption data (Korea Nutrition and Health Examination Survey), is 18.39 mg/person/day for males and 13.26 mg/person/day for females. The contributions of lignan intake from sesame seeds and oil are 23.0% and 77.0%, respectively. This study provides preliminary information on lignan intake from sesame seeds and oil in the Korean population.

The peanut or ground nut (Arachis hypogeae L.) is a species in the legume or bean family (Fabaceae). Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a flowering plant belonging to the family Pedaliaceae. The present study was carried out to study the effect of different bio-fertilizers on the chlorophyll, nitrogen content on the 30th day of growth of the plants and Vitamin E content in the seeds after harvest of the two test crops. The bio-fertilizers used were Azospirillum, panchagavya, VAM fungi and a mixture of these three fertilizers. Control plant was maintained without any fertilizer application. The chlorophyll and nitrogen content seemed to be more in the plants treated with mixture of organic fertilizers in both the plants. The Vitamin E content were found to be higher in seeds obtained from Azospirillum treated plants in groundnut and VAM fungus treated plants in sesame.