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Resume But La prostatite aigue represente la principale complication des biopsies prostatiques (BP); elle necessite parfois une hospitalisation et un traitement antibiotique adapte. Ce travail a etudie les germes en cause pour suggerer une antibiotherapie probabiliste. Patients et methodes L’etude retrospective (de 2000 a 2006) dans 2 centres a inclus les 17 patients ayant ete hospitalises pour prostatite aigue apres BP sur 1216 biopsies. Une documentation bacteriologique a ete realisee avec urocultures, hemocultures, identification du germe et antibiogramme. Resultats Tous les patients avaient eut une antibioprophylaxie par une fluoro-quinolone systemique monodose prise au moins 1 h avant la BP. L’identification des bacteries a ete possible dans quatorze cas: E.Coli (neuf cas), Proteus mirabilis (un cas), Klebsiella pneumoniae (un cas), Enterococcus fecalis (un cas), Staphylococcus Spp (un cas), Clostridium Perfringens (un cas). L’ECBU uniquement a ete positif dans 6 cas (35%), les hemocultures uniquement dans 3 cas (17%), urocultures et hemocultures positives et concordantes dans 5 cas (29%). Une haute resistance de l’E.Coli pour les fluoro-quinolones a ete retrouvee dans 88% des cas et pour cotrimoxazole dans 77% des cas. Par contre le germe etait sensible aux cephalosporines de deuxieme et troisieme generation (C2G et C3G) et a l’amikacine dans 100% des cas. La prostatite a ete associee a une orchi-epididymite (3 cas), une retention aigue d’urines (4 cas) et une endocardite d’Osier (1 cas). Conclusions Devant une prostatite aigue apres biopsie, l’identification du germe necessite obligatoirement la realisation d’hemocultures associees a l’ECBU. Le traitement antibiotique probabiliste est base sur l’utilisation d’une C2G ou C3G, associee ou non avec l’amikacine selon l’intensite du tableau clinique.

Balloon catheter dilatation is a low-cost alternative to open surgery in patients with ureteral strictures, leading to low morbidity and short hospitalization. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of this technique in patients with inflammatory ureteral strictures or ureteroenteric strictures after radical cystectomy. Twenty-five ureteral strictures in 20 (15 male, 5 female) patients were consecutively treated by high-pressure balloon dilatation: 14 cases of ureteroenteric stricture (9 after ileal cutaneous diversion, and 5 after orthotopic enterocystoplasty) and 11 of ureteral stricture from various inflammatory causes (tuberculosis, iatrogenic injury, radiation therapy, parasitosis). Dilatation was performed by an antegrade (ureteroenteric strictures) or retrograde (inflammatory strictures) approach using a balloon insufflated up to 10 to 20 atm for 5 to 15 minutes. The ureter was stented for a mean time of 2.1 months (range 1-5 months). Results were evaluated clinically and radiologically (intravenous urogram or CT scan). Immediate success was assessed by intraoperative radiologic monitoring. Long-term success was defined as the absence of recurrence of the stenosis after 6 months. Nineteen procedures were successful among the 23 evaluable cases. With a mean follow-up of 16 months (range 6-39 months), the long-term success rate was 52%: 40% in ureteral strictures and 61% in ureteroenteric strictures. Five strictures secondary to cutaneous diversion and six caused by radiation therapy recurred after dilatation. After cutaneous diversion, the failure occurred mostly at the anastomosis and involved the crossed-over ureter. This study shows that high-pressure balloon dilatation of ureteral strictures has a high early success rate and a long-term success rate of 52%. It can therefore be considered as an alternative to open surgery.

Acute prostatitis is the main complication of prostatic biopsies (PB) and sometimes requires hospitalisation and appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study evaluated the pathogens responsible and proposes a statistically adapted empirical antibiotic therapy.This retrospective (from 2000 to 2006) two-centre study included 17 patients hospitalised for acute prostatitis after PB in a series of 1,216 biopsies. Bacteriological documentation was based on urine cultures, blood cultures, identification of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing.All patients received prophylactic antibiotics with a single dose of systemic fluoroquinolone at least 1 h before PB. Bacterial identification was possible in fourteen cases: E. coli (nine cases), Proteus mirabilis (one case), Klebsiella pneumoniae (one case), Enterococcus faecalis (one case), Staphylococcus Spp (one case), Clostridium perfringens (one case). Only urine culture was positive in 6 cases (35%), only blood culture was positive in 3 cases (17%), and urine cultures and blood cultures were positive and concordant in 5 cases (29%). A high rate of resistance of E. coli to fluoroquinolones was observed in 88% of cases and to cotrimoxazole in 77% of cases. However, the strain was susceptible to second and third generation cephalosporins (2GC and 3GC) and amikacin in 100% of cases. Prostatitis was associated with epididymo-orchitis (3 cases), acute urinary retention (4 cases) and infective endocarditis (1 case).Identification of the micro-organism responsible for acute prostatitis after biopsy requires a combination of blood cultures and urine cultures. Empirical antibiotic therapy is based on the use of 2GC or 3GC, alone or in combination with amikacin depending on the severity of the clinical features.

Partial ureteral duplication in an inverted Y is evidenced by the presence of a ureter duplicated at a variable level before reaching the bladder, in either an orthotopic or an ectopic position. A case of ureteral duplication at the level of the renal hilum with opening of a ureter at the level of the epididymis is reported. The description of this original case is compared with the data in the literature. The stages of organogenesis of the superior excretory pathway leading to ureteral ectopia and ureteral anomalies of number are reviewed.