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Funding Information: This work was supported by Project BIOSAFE funded by FEDER through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade—COMPETE and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)—Grant LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-030713, PTDC/CAL-EST/30713/2017 and by FCT through grant 2021.05063.BD (C.F) and funds to GHTM (UID/04413/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. NorA is one of the main native MDR efflux pumps of Staphylococcus aureus, contributing to reduced susceptibility towards fluoroquinolones and biocides, but little is known about its variability within S. aureus or its distribution and conservation among other staphylococci. We screened for sequences homologous to S. aureus norA and found it in 61 out of the 63 Staphylococcus species described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of norA across the Staphylococcus genus. The norA phylogenetic tree follows the evolutionary relations of staphylococci and the closely related Mammalliicoccus genus. Comparative analyses suggest a conservation of the NorA function in staphylococci. We also analyzed the variability of norA within S. aureus, for which there are several circulating norA alleles, differing up to 10% at the nucleotide level, which may hamper proper norA detection. We demonstrate the applicability of a PCR-based algorithm to detect and differentiate norA alleles in 52 S. aureus representing a wider collection of 89 isolates from different hosts. Our results highlight the prevalence of norAI and norAII in different settings and the association of norA alleles with specific S. aureus clonal lineages. Ultimately, it confirms the applicability of our PCR-based algorithm to rapidly detect and assign the different norA alleles, a trait that may impact antimicrobial efflux capacity and the search for potential NorA inhibitors. publishersversion published

NorA is one of the main native MDR efflux pumps of

Agriculture provides the largest share of food supplies and ensures a critical number of ecosystem services (e.g., food provisioning). Therefore, agriculture is vital for food security and supports the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 2 (SDG 2 - zero hunger) as others SDG's. Several studies have been published in different world areas with different research directions focused on increasing food and nutritional security from an agricultural land system perspective. The heterogeneity of the agricultural research studies calls for an interdisciplinary and comprehensive systematization of the different research directions and the plethora of approaches, scales of analysis, and reference data used. Thus, this work aims to systematically review the contributions of the different agricultural research studies by systematizing the main research fields and present a synthesis of the diversity and scope of research and knowledge. From an initial search of 1151 articles, 260 meet the criteria to be used in the review. Our analysis revealed that most articles were published between 2015 and 2019 (59%), and most of the case studies were carried out in Asia (36%) and Africa (20%). The number of studies carried out in the other continents was lower. In the last 30 years, most of the research was centred in six main research fields: land-use changes (28%), agricultural efficiency (27%), climate change (16%), farmer's motivation (12%), urban and peri-urban agriculture (11%), and land suitability (7%). Overall, the research fields identified are directly or indirectly linked to 11 of the 17 SDGs. There are essential differences in the number of articles among research fields, and future efforts are needed in the ones that are less represented to support food security and the SDGs.

Urbanisation in Europe has been the main cause of agricultural land fragmentation and agricultural land use loss and has given rise to significant socio-economic and environmental costs, particularly in urban regions. Accordingly, there is a consensus in the literature that sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture are significant towards urban sustainable development. This paper aims to characterise agri-urban spatial patterns and changes occurring in the Lisbon metropolitan region (LMR) by using indicators from both urban and agricultural dimensions. A self-organising map (SOM) clustering method was used to build an agri-urban classification. Nine clusters were proposed. We found that in the LMR, urban and agriculture patterns are diverse: agriculture can range from gardening to intensive and extensive forms; and from decline to stability. We discuss that the use of multidimensional indicators enables comprehensive typologies and allows for a better territorial diagnosis that can contribute to informing decision-makers towards more effective protection of agriculture in spatial planning.

Funding Information This study was supported by Project BIOSAFE funded by FEDER through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade–COMPETE and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)—Grant LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-030713, PTDC/CAL-EST/30713/2017 and by FCT through funds to GHTM (UID/04413/2020), CIISA Project (UID/CVT/00276/2020), and Project PTDC/CVT-CVT/28469/2017. The contributions of Andrea T. Feßler and Stefan Schwarz were financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project numbers 01KI1727D and 01KI2009D as part of the Research Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Part of this research was supported by Cost Action CA18217: European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT). Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of Staphylococcus aureus for apramycin and florfenicol. The susceptibility to apramycin and florfenicol was evaluated by disk diffusion of five S. aureus collections, comprising 352 isolates of animal (n = 265) and human (n = 87) origin. The aggregated distributions of inhibition zone diameters were analyzed by the normalized resistance interpretation method to obtain normalized wild-type (WT) population distributions and corresponding ECOFF values. The putative WT populations of S. aureus were characterized by an inhibition zone ≥15 mm (ECOFF = 15 mm) for apramycin and ≥21 mm for florfenicol (ECOFF = 21 mm). Five nonwild-type (NWT) isolates were detected for apramycin, all without inhibition zone and harboring the apmA gene, whereas five NWT isolates were identified for florfenicol, all carrying the fexA gene. The proposed ECOFF values for apramycin and florfenicol may be a valuable tool in future antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance studies to identify S. aureus NWT populations toward these antimicrobial agents. publishersversion published

This study identified patterns of sexual risk behavior among a sub-Saharan African migrant (SAM) population in Portugal and examined its associations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, sociodemographics, use of sexual health services, and HIV testing. A cross-sectional biobehavioral survey was conducted with a venue-based sample of 790 SAMs. Data were collected using questionnaires and rapid HIV tests. Cluster analysis identified five subgroups with differing levels of HIV infection (2.5% to 11.3%). In Cluster 1, most participants reported sexual abstinence over the past year and the remaining used condoms consistently; this cluster had the highest HIV prevalence (11.3%). In Cluster 2, most reported one sexual partner and all reported unprotected sex; all HIV-positive participants in this cluster were unaware of their HIV-positive status. In Clusters 3 and 4, most had four or more partners, yet all used condoms. In Cluster 3, 56.5% reported both regular and occasional partners. In Cluster 4, 74% had only occasional partners; all engaged in commercial sex. In Cluster 5, all reported four or more partners and condomless sex. In all subgroups we found low rates of HIV testing and high unawareness of HIV serostatus. Targeted prevention interventions are needed to reduce unprotected sexual relations and undiagnosed infection, as well as improve linkage to sexual health services.

Agricultural statistical data enable the detection and interpretation of the development of agriculture and the food supply situation over time, which is essential for food security evaluation in any country. Based on the historical agricultural statistics, this study produces a long spatial time-series with annual production values of three cereals relevant to global food security—wheat, maize, and rice, aiming to provide geographical and historical perspectives. Therefore, we reconstructed past and current production patterns and trends at the district level over 169 years, which supported a space–time cross-reading of the general characteristics of the regional agricultural production value distributions and relative densities in Portugal. Particularly, the production trends of wheat, maize, and rice showed three different situations: growth (maize), stability (rice), and decline (wheat). For decades, maize and wheat production alternated, depending on agricultural years and political aspects, such as the Wheat Campaign (1929–1938). The changes over time presented a pattern that, in the case of these three cereals, enabled a clear division of the country into major regions according to cereal production. Overall, maize and rice, both grown on irrigated croplands, presented a similar pattern in some regions of Portugal, mainly the central region. In this study, a preliminary analysis was presented and related to successive public policies, however, notably, there are more lessons to be learned from this long spatial time-series.

Apramycin and florfenicol are two antimicrobial agents exclusively used in veterinary medicine. Resistance determinants to these antimicrobial agents have been described in several staphylococci, yet no inhibition zone-based epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values are available to detect populations harboring resistance mechanisms. In this study, we propose disk diffusion inhibition zone ECOFF values of

Background: The role of demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 transmission is still unclear and is expected to vary in different contexts and epidemic periods. Exploring such determinants may generate a hypothesis about transmission and aid the definition of prevention strategies. Objectives: To identify municipality-level demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 in Portugal. Methods: We assessed determinants of COVID-19 daily cases at 4 moments of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Portugal, related with lockdown and post-lockdown measures. We selected 60 potential determinants from 5 dimensions: population and settlement, disease, economy, social context, and mobility. We conducted a multiple linear regression (MLR) stepwise analysis (p < 0.05) and an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis with the variables to identify predictors of the number of daily cases. Results: For MLR, some of the identified variables were: resident population and population density, exports, overnight stays in touristic facilities, the location quotient of employment in accommodation, catering and similar activities, education, restaurants and lodging, some industries and building construction, the share of the population working outside the municipality, the net migration rate, income, and renting. In ANN, some of the identified variables were: population density and resident population, urbanization, students in higher education, income, exports, social housing buildings, production services employment, and the share of the population working outside the municipality of residence. Conclusions: Several factors were identified as possible determinants of COVID-19 transmission at the municipality level. Despite limitations to the study, we believe that this information should be considered to promote communication and prevention approaches. Further research should be conducted.

International audience; Future land use/cover change (LUCC) analysis has been increasingly applied to spatial planning instruments in the last few years. Nevertheless, stakeholder participation in the land use modelling process and analysis is still low. This paper describes a methodology engaging stakeholders (from the land use planning, agriculture, and forest sectors) in the building and assessment of future LUCC scenarios. We selected as case study the Torres Vedras Municipality (Portugal), a peri-urban region near Lisbon. Our analysis encompasses a participatory workshop to analyse LUCC model outcomes, based on farmer LUCC intentions, for the following scenarios: A0 - current social and economic trend (Business as Usual); A1 - regional food security; A2 - climate change; and B0 - farming under urban pressure. This analysis allowed local stakeholders to develop and discuss their own views on the most plausible future LUCC for the following land use classes: artificial surfaces, non-irrigated arable land, permanently irrigated land, permanent crops and heterogeneous agricultural land, pastures, forest and semi-natural areas, and water bodies and wetlands. Subsequently, we spatialized these LUCC views into a hybrid model (Cellular Automata - Geographic Information Systems), identifying the most suitable land conversion areas. We refer to this model, implemented in NetLogo, as the stakeholder-LUCC model.The results presented in this paper model where, when, why, and what conversions may occur in the future in regard to stakeholders' points of view. These outcomes can better enable decision-makers to perform land use planning more efficiently and develop measures to prevent undesirable futures, particularly in extreme events such as scenarios of food security, climate change, and/or farming under pressure.

Different mechanisms drive land use and land cover changes (LUCC). This paper presents an exploratory analysis aimed at understanding the complex dynamics of LUCC based on farmers’ intentions when they are faced with four scenarios with the time horizon of 2025: (1) A0 – current social and economic trend; (2) A1 – intensified agricultural production; (3) A2 – reduced agricultural production; and (4) B0 - increasing demand for urban development. LUCC models are applied to a Torres Vedras (Portugal) case study. This territory is located in a peri-urban area near Lisbon dominated by forest and agricultural land, which has been suffering considerable urban pressure in the last decades. Farmers — major agents of agricultural land use change — were interviewed to obtain their LUCC intentions according to the scenarios studied. To model LUCC a Cellular automata-Markov chain approach was applied. Our results suggest that significant LUCC will occur depending on their intentions in the different scenarios. The highlights are: (1) the highest growth in permanently irrigated land in the A1 scenario; (2) the biggest drop in non-irrigated arable land, and the highest growth in forest in the A2 scenario; and (3) the greatest urban growth was recognized in the B0 scenario. To verify if the fitting simulations performed well, techniques to measure agreement and quantity-allocation disagreements were applied.These outcomes could provide decision-makers with the capacity to observe different possible futures in ‘what if’ scenarios, allowing them to anticipate future uncertainties, and consequently allowing them the possibility to choose the more desirable future.

International audience; Decisions about future land use are complex and involve a wide range of factors. The perceptions, intentions, and interests of the stakeholders involved are usually unpredictable. Different stakeholders manage land by choosing different future options and revealing different expectations. Greater proximity to built-up areas confronts farmers with challenges about future land use and land cover change (LUCC).This study aims to identify how external drivers can affect farmers’ future LUCC intentions focusing on conversion of agricultural land to urban development. We explore two scenarios projected for the time horizon of 2025 based on farmers’ LUCC intentions: A0 – current social and economic trend; and B0 – increasing demand for urban development. We selected the Torres Vedras municipality (Portugal) as case study, an area predominantly agricultural but with a progressively urban intensification in the past two decades. We conducted interviews to capture the farmers’ LUCC intentions and modelled an artificial neural network – a multilayered perception to allocate the potential areas for urban development. Parishes with the highest urban pressure were identified using a cluster analysis. These were compared with areas expected to be urbanized (defined in the master plan). Results suggest an increasing farming intensity in the A0 scenario, and an urban growth increase of more than 40% in the B0 scenario, with negative impacts on farming expansion. The outcomes can be applied to spatial planning instruments in order to assist planners to define land transformation priorities and adjust them to spatial trends.

International audience; The fragmentation of agricultural land is influenced by political, economic, social, ecological and environmental factors, which affect its dynamics, patterns, structures, and functions. However, a deep analysis aimed at examining agricultural land fragmentation and its driving forces, and predicting future agricultural land fragmentation is needed. We investigated the degree of fragmentation in a case study in Torres Vedras municipality (Portugal). This territory has experienced significant agricultural land use changes in the last twenty years, mainly in the form of agricultural intensification and land fragmentation. The purposes of the study are: (1) to identify different degrees of agricultural land fragmentation; (2) to analyse and recognize underlying driving forces; (3) to identify the effect of scale; (4) and to predict agricultural land fragmentation for 2025 in a business as usual scenario. This approach concentrates on a cluster analysis to define the agricultural land fragmentation and a multi-layer perceptron to project agricultural land fragmentation. The results indicate that a 5 by 5 km scale of analysis is more efficient than 2 by 2 km to identify the most influential driving forces, in which human activities are one of the main causes of agricultural land fragmentation. In addition, the results also predict that agricultural land fragmentation will increase in 2025. These outcomes should be used to forecast agricultural land fragmentation and to reduce negative impacts.

Geographic information science (GISc) has established itself as a collaborative information-processing scheme that is increasing in popularity. Yet, this interdisciplinary and/or transdisciplinary system is still somewhat misunderstood. This book talks about some of the GISc domains encompassing students, researchers, and common users. Chapters focus on important aspects of GISc, keeping in mind the processing capability of GIS along with the mathematics and formulae involved in getting each solution. The book has one introductory and eight main chapters divided into five sections. The first section is more general and focuses on what GISc is and its relation to GIS and Geography, the second is about location analytics and modeling, the third on remote sensing data analysis, the fourth on big data and augmented reality, and, finally, the fifth looks over volunteered geographic information.

Land-Use/Cover Change (LUCC) reacts to demographic pressures, economic trends, or improved transport networks. Urban growth with implications on LUCC patterns can be measured using a diversity of methods. Our study derives from Tobler’s first law of geography: ‘everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant ones’. We identified and measured the influence of neighbouring distance on urban growth from the edge of existing urban areas. For that, we have developed a method, built using the NetLogo software tool, which we called Land-use chAnge and Neighbouring Distance (LAND). We selected Torres Vedras (Portugal) to conduct our case study due to its increasing urban development in the past few years. The periods of analysis were 1995–2010, 1995–2007, and 2007–2010. The results have shown the influence and the effect of strong spatial correlation between the proximity of existing artificial surfaces and the emergence of new ones. The understanding of the patterns of urban growth is helpful to plan forward land developments. This method can be used to write guidelines for decision makers to monitor urban expansion and define spatial planning priorities.

International audience; To address sustainability challenges of agroecosystems located in Mediterranean urban regions, this paper focuses on the multidisciplinary subject of urban agricultural systems. To better understand the diversity and dynamics of peri-urban agro-ecosystems and the main drivers of their sustainability, we compare six case studies located in Southern Europe (Montpellier, France; Pisa, Italy; Lisbon, Portugal; Athens, Greece) and the Maghreb (Constantine, Algeria; Meknes, Morocco). The research is based on fieldwork in each urban region (qualitative analysis) and literature analysis aimed to position each case study in its national and Mediterranean contexts. The comparison between local contexts indicates large discrepancies in the integration of environmental focus among the respective urban planning objectives. Generally, urbanization tends to accentuate agricultural diversity. The different forms of peri-urban agriculture evolve despite their persistent decline, and they also show a capacity to resist and even new growth in response to urban demand.

As the world is becoming increasingly more urbanized and built-up areas (that have an artificial cover as a result of human activities such as: urban fabric, industrial, commercial and transport units, mine, dump and construction sites, sports and leisure facilities) are endangering functional diversity, several environmental and spatial planning problems arise, such as urban sprawl, city food safety, community vulnerability to climate change, coastal erosion, and pollution (air, water, and noise). Lately, urban–rural relationships have attracted a lot of attention from both national and international community governance, hoping to mitigate and combat some of these problems. Although the necessary steps are known, it is unclear how to address the problems. A good understanding of how actors relate to each other in urban–rural relationships is fundamental. This paper introduces a novel GIS graph-based model tool (Geo_ graph ) for mapping and measuring urban–rural relationships through an actor’s network. The GIS graph model tool contributes to a better understanding of the relationships being built over the years under government supervision, and it also shows the relationships’ resilience and how many of these relationships are vulnerable to setbacks. The GIS graph tool provides decision makers with a visual image and numeric indicators of the relative role played by each of the actors. The methodology is grounded in graph theory and it results in a data-driven form of modeling using preprocessed data in a GIS environment.

International audience; The return of agriculture as a subject of debate in the realm of urban sustainable development is a recent phenomenon. Its presence is anchored in the recognition of the multifunctional role of agriculture and its importance in the conception and success of a more sustainable city. This study proposes a conceptual framework to analyse the socio-spatial integration between cities and agriculture in Mediterranean countries. The concept of integration is seen as a temporal process that articulates the actors, the spaces, and the resources linked by a project. Using a collection of local projects that explore the interactive dynamics of urban and agricultural relationships, the authors propose a conceptual framework, which reveals four aspects of socio-spatial integration. The first aspect encompasses socio-spatial integration through agricultural practices within the city. The second aspect includes integration processes through a pivotal actor playing as an interface between agriculture and the city. The third aspect concerns the flows and mobilities of resources and actors between cities and agricultural countryside. The fourth aspect deals with planning processes where the construction of networks of actors, spaces and resources are significant. These categories highlight the multidimensional processes of integration and the differentiated effects. The analysis is based on case studies situated in France, Italy, Portugal, Algeria, and Morocco.

Addressing the gaps between theory, research and practice, this paper explores a hybrid mindset of participatory action research (PAR), geoprospective and participatory geographical information system (PGIS). This approach brings together stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers – in an agricultural peri-urban region of Portugal, the Lezíria do Tejo region – to anticipate the possible changes in agricultural territories, while taking spatial dynamics into account. It uses a four-step methodology which integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches to select stakeholders’ interview areas, implement prospective workshops to engage and explore the stakeholders’ interests and encourage actions towards finding solutions for long-term agricultural sustainability in this region. The results from our study highlight that more participative approaches such as the ones developed here must be implemented towards decision-making, since they help to dispel the distrust between stakeholders, strengthen community cohesion and also contribute to build common solutions drawing upon various perspectives. From a PAR perspective, this work contributes to bridge the gap between academia and practitioners, as is shown by a willingness of the practitioners to actively participate in the research under progress., Abordant la question des écarts entre théorie, recherche et pratique, cet article examine une démarche hybridant recherche-action participative, géoprospective et système d’information géographique (SIG) participatif. Cette démarche regroupe des acteurs de terrain, des acteurs politiques et des chercheurs, dans une région agricole périurbaine du Portugal, la Lezíria do Tejo, afin d’anticiper les changements possibles des territoires agricoles, en tenant compte des dynamiques spatiales. Nous utilisons une méthode en quatre étapes qui intègre à la fois des approches quantitatives et qualitatives, pour sélectionner les zones d’enquête et identifier les intérêts des parties prenantes. L’objectif de notre démarche associée à l’établissement de scénarios à long terme est d’encourager les actions en faveur de solutions pour une agriculture durable dans cette région. Les résultats mettent en lumière toute la pertinence des approches participatives – à l’instar de celle développée dans cet article – pour éclairer les prises de décisions des différentes catégories d’acteurs. En effet, ces démarches aident à dissiper les méfiances entre acteurs, renforcent la cohésion communautaire et amènent à bâtir des solutions communes à partir de visions différentes. Fondé sur une approche de recherche-action participative, ce travail contribue à réduire le fossé entre le monde académique et le monde opérationnel, révélé par la volonté des professionnels eux-mêmes de participer aux avancées de la recherche., En este artículo se analiza un proceso que combina la investigación-acción participativa, la geoprospectiva y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), tratando así la diferencia entre teoría, investigación y práctica. Este dispositivo reúne agentes de terreno, políticos e investigadores en una región agrícola periférica de Lezíria do Tejo, Portugal, para anticipar los cambios posibles en los territorios agrícolas y considerando las fuerzas espaciales. Se utiliza un método en cuatro etapas con el fin de integrar enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, de seleccionar las zonas para la encuesta y de determinar los intereses de las personas concernientes. El objetivo, conjunto a la proposición de escenarios de largo plazo, consiste en apoyar acciones favorables a resoluciones para una agricultura sostenible en la región. Los resultados hacen resaltar la pertinencia de los dispositivos de participación para alumbrar la toma de decisión de los diferentes protagonistas. Tal proceso ayuda a disipar la desconfianza entre los participantes, refuerza la cohesión colectiva y permite soluciones comunes a puntos de vista divergentes. El trabajo de investigación-acción participativa contribuye a reducir el abismo entre el mundo académico y el operacional indicado por los profesionales deseosos de participar al progreso de la investigación.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre a circunferência da cintura (CC) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) de mulheres brasileiras em idade fértil, estudadas na última Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde (PNDS), no ano de 2006. Este estudo é um recorte da PNDS, a qual é um estudo seccional, de base domiciliar. O estado nutricional foi avaliado através do IMC e da CC, considerando-se excesso de peso IMC > 25 Kg/m2e CC de risco > 80 cm. Para a avaliação da significância estatística foi usada Regressão de Poisson, que identificou os fatores associados à CC de risco em mulheres com e sem excesso de peso, apresentando-se o valor p correspondente ao teste de Wald para heterogeneidade ou tendência linear. Das 14.101 mulheres estudadas, 45,8% apresentaram excesso de peso e 55,5% CC de risco. Em relação à associação entre IMC e CC, constatou-se que 23,5% das mulheres sem excesso de peso apresentavam CC de risco. Após análise estratificada pelo IMC, a prevalência de CC de risco entre as mulheres sem excesso de peso foi maior nas regiões Nordeste, 26,0%, e Sudeste, 24,5%, e menor na região Sul, 18,5%. Conclui-se que as medidas antropométricas IMC e CC devem ser empregadas concomitantemente, uma vez que a utilização isolada dessas medidas pode desprezar indivíduos com risco para várias patologias. The scope of this study was to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) of Brazilian women of childbearing age studied in the most recent National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), in 2006. This study is an excerpt of the NDHS, which is a home-based cross-sectional study. The nutritional status of women was assessed by WC and BMI, considering excess weight to be BMI = 25 Kg/m2 and WC risk to be = 80 cm. To evaluate the statistical significance, Poisson Regression was applied to identify factors associated with WC risk in women with or without excess weight, presenting the p-value corresponding to the Wald test for heterogeneity or linear trend. Of the 14,101 women studied, 45.8% were overweight and 55.5% at WC risk. Regarding the association between BMI and WC, it was found that 23.5% of women who were not overweight showed WC risk. After a stratified analysis by BMI, the prevalence of WC risk among women without excess weight was greatest in the Northeast, 26.0%, and the Southeast, 24.5%, while the South region presented the lowest prevalence at 18.5%. It follows that the anthropometric WC and BMI measures should be used concomitantly since the use of only one of these measures may overlook individuals at risk for various diseases.

International audience; The article analyses urban and agricultural dynamics in the Lezı´ria do Tejo region. Located on the Lisbon third metropolitan ring, this region is currently facing the decline of agriculture along with an urban sprawl that is occurring mainly through the conversion of farmland. According to the Regional Spatial Plan (PROT-OVT), one of the solutions to enhance agricultural activity and farmland preservation is agricultural multifunctionality. We focus on understanding how urbanisation has changed agricultural areas through the analysis of land use/cover in the Municipal Master Plans (PDM) zoning and in the National Agricultural Reserve (RAN) zoning. We also focus on analysing how local actors are facing these current issues. Results show the way that local planning instruments and territorial actors respond to urban sprawl and agricultural decline. They enhance the role that multifunctionality can play in such responses and reveal the need of an approach capable of integrating both functional zoning and actors’ projects.; L’article analyse les dynamiques urbaines et agricoles dans la région de la Lezíria do Tejo, située en troisième couronne métropolitaine de Lisbonne. Cette région est actuellement confrontée au déclin de l’agriculture et à un étalement urbain qui s’effectue principalement par la conversion des sols agricoles. L’une des solutions envisagées par le Plan régional d’aménagement du territoire (PROT-OVT) pour lutter contre ces phénomènes, réside dans la multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture. Nous nous sommes attachés à comprendre la manière dont l’urbanisation a évolué vis-à-vis des espaces agricoles, par l’analyse des données d’occupation des sols dans les zonages des Plans directeurs municipaux (PDM) et ceux de la Réserve agricole nationale (RAN), et par l’analyse des regards des acteurs territoriaux sur l’évolution en cours. Les résultats rendent compte de la façon dont les instruments d’aménagement local et les acteurs répondent à l’étalement urbain et à la déprise agricole, et mettent en perspective le rôle que la multifonctionnalité peut jouer dans ces réponses. Ils laissent pressentir la nécessité d’une démarche intégrant à la fois le zonage fonctionnel et les projets des acteurs.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lifestyle counseling on metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in the short term. This was a before-after study design conducted in a nutrition outpatient clinic. Participants were adults presenting with MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. In the study 109 individuals (mean age 41 ± 9.6 years old) were included, the majority women (82,6%). Participants received individualized dietary prescription guidelines for healthy eating and were encouraged to perform physical activity. After five months, a decrease of 21.5% in the prevalence of MetS (p

Background and aims: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are vascular traits sharing common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. These vascular pathologies have known nuclear-encoded genetic risk factors and the mitochondrial DNA may account for part of the missing heritability. To determine if PAD and VTE have a dual genetic control (mitochondrial and nuclear), we hereby investigated the association of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and haplogroups with these vascular traits.Methods: The association of mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) and haplogroups was tested in 1652 PAD cases and 1629 controls from the eMERGE PAD genome-wide association study (GWAS), and 1241 VTE cases and 1278 controls from the GENEVA GWAS of venous thrombosis (dbGaP accession numbers phs000203. v1. p1 and phs000289. v2. p1, respectively).Results: 66 and 72 mtSNPs passed quality control filters and were tested for association with PAD and VTE, respectively. Significant evidence of population stratification could not be detected in both datasets. Three mtSNPs (m. 477T > C, m. 9667A > G, and m. 10915T > C) were nominally associated (3.01 x 10(-3) A was nominally associated (pa = 4.14 x 10(-2)) with VTE. None of the nine major mitochondrial haplogroups were associated with either PAD or VTE.Conclusion: Unlike other vascular diseases such as stroke and diabetes, these results suggest that common mitochondrial variants individually or in combination do not play a major role in PAD and VTE susceptibility. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The metropolitan dynamics typology of the Portuguese urban system is the product of a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A GIS data describes six dimensions of metropolisation (population, economy, urban organisation, society and culture, networks and territorial organisation), based on a matrix of entities or indicators. Such a matrix has been subjected to treatment by neuronal networks through a Self-Organising Map (SOM). The method is robust in order to obtain a typology designated as DYMET (Metropolitan Dynamics Typology). As a result of the application of SOM’s classification algorithm ten types of areas were identified (metropolis core of Lisbon and of Porto, suburbanised area, suburbanised area in consolidation, potential metropolis centre, metropolisation area, area of urban dynamics, area of local centrality, peri-urbanised area, area with weak urban dynamics, area without urban dynamics) and compared to the typologies based on empirical studies of the Portuguese urban network developed mainly in the nineties. The identified types are described and characterised with some global dimension indicators.