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The management of old trees suffering from precarious health state and biomechanical issues represents a very common task for many cities in Italy. It is not possible to determine when or whether trees are going to fall, but renewal can be planned to prevent expensive management and monitoring practices in the face of poor biological, ornamental and architectural results, as well as of high levels of risk. To be precise, while the ornamental and functional services exhaust, the emotional value gets fuelled and surges over time by citizens' affection. Given this, renewal plans for tree-lined avenues are not welcomed and the lack of an effective, scientific-based communication could exacerbate the problem. The search for a shared method represents an objective starting line to assess and make far-sighted decisions. The work illustrates a method for evaluating and managing old and/or dangerous trees in urban environment so that citizens are involved too. Economic and environmental aspects are analyzed by comparing the safeguard of an old tree line both to simultaneous or gradual renewal plans. Here we focus on the extent of the environmental services brought in urban areas by the diversely managed tree lines, estimating their leaf area indexes along 10-year span. Basing on results, Public Administrations can show citizens clear and objective data making management choices and strategies easier to share and agree with. Even though necessary and fundamental, the research for a comprehensive assessment of economic, social and environmental aspects related to tree lines is poorly explored.

La Società Agricola “Officina del Sole” rappresenta un tipico esempio di azienda agricola multifunzionale. Sita a Montegiorgio (FM), si estende su una superficie di circa 40 ha in zona collinare. Acquisita nel 2009 da una giovane imprenditrice agricola locale, l’azienda, dotata di 3 case coloniche, due delle quali già ristrutturate a fini ricettivi (agriturismo, bed and brekfast) e dapprima destinata alla quasi totale coltivazione della vite e in parte riservata a seminativo, è stata oggetto di un progetto che ha coinvolto il Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari dell’Università di Bologna (DISTAL) per la parte prevalentemente paesaggistica e di progettazione del verde ornamentale e lo spin-off HORT dell’Università Politecnica delle Marche per la scelta della ripartizione colturale. In particolare, il progetto ha previsto la progettazione dell’intera area, ponendo particolare attenzione all’analisi del territorio in cui l’azienda si inserisce, riproducendone quindi i tratti distintivi e caratteristici e tenendo conto della vocazionalità del territorio per la scelta delle colture. Per queste ragioni, è stata proposta una ripartizione colturale che ha previsto l’inserimento di vitigni e varietà di olivo e fruttiferi prevalentemente locali, volti a valorizzare il territorio e le peculiarità della zona, in termini anche di sostenibilità ambientale, economica e sociale, in quanto le colture si inseriscono perfettamente nel paesaggio e costituiscono parte integrante di percorsi didattici e socio-ricreativi proposti per incentivare l’offerta turistica della zona, grazie anche alla realizzazione di un complesso comprendente una cantina, un frantoio, un locale adibito alla trasformazione della frutta, una sala degustazione, un ristorante ed un punto vendita dei prodotti aziendali, nonché alla ristrutturazione di due case coloniche con rispettive corti, destinate al soggiorno ed al pernottamento degli ospiti . La finalità degli impianti è dunque prevalentemente produttiva, a scopo di trasformazione e vendita di prodotti di qualità legati al territorio, nonché destinata alla ristorazione per gli ospiti dell’intero complesso, che possono beneficiare di un paesaggio unico, grazie ad un progetto del verde che valorizza le peculiarità e le caratteristiche tipiche del paesaggio rurale marchigiano, esaltandone al massimo la sua bellezza.

In 2010 the municipality of Senigallia, located in Marche region (Italy),requested to thethe Department of Agricultural Sciences together with the Department of TerritorialPlanning of the Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna and in collaboration with four architects, two agronomists and communaltechnicians to draft the Green Masterplan (GM) of the city. Aim of the request was to promote a neat, homogeneous and sustainable development of the territory and improve the quality of life and the wellness of its inhabitants. It also targeted the reduction of the CO2, produced by the extension of the highway, that divided urban and rural landscape. In order to attain these objectives, the working group proposes to increase both the amount and the value of the green areas, and alsotheir level of interconnection.Specific guidelines for future planning and projects are proposed. The GM was approved and, since 2010, many projects have been proposed and realized during last years. The projects proposed and the ones that has been realized tried to create a big greenway, able to connect the northern zone of the town to the southern zone of the town, by the creation of new green areas, urban forests, tree-lines boulevards and green roundabouts. The article aim at describing these projects, which tried to enhance and protect the green areas of the city as a system. The approach that conceives green areas as residual elements, essentially serving as a décor, is surmountedby bringing back their leading role that inhabitants, ecological balance, and sustainability of our living models attach to it. The green presence is here considered as a new infrastructure which needs to be carefully planned, subjected to regulations and efficiently managed, used as a regulatory instrument for the territory, preserved and constantly maintained in good condition

Il libro descrive numerosi progetti di riqualificazione urbana, volti a migliorare il benessere e la qualità di vita dei cittadini.

This article aims at describing the renovation project of one of the most famous squares of Ancona (Italy): Piazza Cavour. The project tries to protect, enhance and promote the plant heritage, maintaining stylistic and formal characteristics of the design of the square-garden which was realized between the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century. At the same time, the project intends to reduce management and maintenance burdens of the greenery concerning the mid and long run: such aspect, formerly considered as insignificant, is essential nowadays. The project follows the design of the architect Cirilli of 1920, while introducing new elements that do not modify the typological characteristics of the square in order to assure environmental, economic and social sustainability of the whole ensemble. Therefore, the project aims at promoting and protecting the existent plant variety and reasonably preserving the general structure of the square. However, at the same time, the square will be remodeled so that the green area will be incremented through the widening of flowerbeds and the enhancement of the tree and shrub components, without distorting the current visual perception of the square. The objective has been achieved by suggesting various plants that can be managed through financial resources currently available while meeting the needs of modern living. In fact, in the first stage the recommended plants met the needs of high aesthetic quality and at the same time low management and maintenance costs, in order to avoid an economic pressure upon the municipal budget. The plants selected for the project are easy manageable, slowly growing, rustic, and drought resistant. These are the salient features that, together with the correct integration to the urban scene, allowed us to realize a proper square, well organized, functional in matters of management and maintenance and socially valuable. Innovation and maintenance of historical memory are also aggregated in order to meet the needs and expectations of inhabitants, which have been involved in the planning by contemplating the participation of a heterogeneous group of experts: agronomists, architects, engineers, and surveyors. This project is widely attended and shared, which combines the old and the new in order to meet new needs of both, inhabitants and environment.

Work, Stress and Health: New Challenges in a Changing Workplace (The Fifth Interdisciplinary Conference on Occupational Stress and Health), 20 March 2003, Toronto, Ontario

Illuminating engineers, lighting designers and others have long debated the importance of providing an artificial light source that mimics the characteristics of natural light. Several products are available that purport to provide more natural light, of which retrofit plastic filters are one. Product testimonials praising these products abound, but there is little empirical data concerning their effects on the visual environment. This paper reports two experiments concerning this issue, the first being a test of the hypothesis that selected retrofit magenta filters improve skin appearance in comparison to other common lighting sources or a placebo condition. The second experiment tested the hypothesis that selected retrofit magenta filters improve short-term visual performance, compared to other common lighting sources or a placebo condition. The results show that the selected filters improved skin appearance relative to unfiltered fluorescent lamps. There were no differences between preferences for skin appearance under comparable magenta filters from two different manufacturers. In general, light sources relatively richer in red than green were preferred. There were no effects of light source spectral composition on short-term visual performance., Was presented at the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Conference in Ottawa in 2001, pp. 507-528.

23rd Annual Session of the CIE, November 1, 1995, New Delhi, India

23rd Annual Session of the Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage, November 1, 1995, New Delhi, India

23rd Annual Session of the Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage, November 1, 1995, New Delhi, India

23rd Annual Session of the Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage, November 1, 1995, New Delhi, India

23rd Annual Session of the Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage, November 1, 1995, New Delhi, India

Work with Display Units '94: Selected Papers of the 4th International Scientific Conference on Work with Display Units: 02 October 1994, Milan, Italy

This paper describes a method for forecasting the economic impact of changes to task visibility. The method uses Rea and Ouellette's Relative Visual Performance (RVP) model. The model predicts visual processing time, Tvi, as a function of object size, contrast, adaptation luminance, and observer age. We calculated Tvis for alphanumeric task samples measured at various corporate mail sorting stations. These values were measured under a reference condition of high-intensity uniform lighting. This comparison provided estates of the penalty in visual processing time for each sample in the field condition, relative to the reference condition. The method outlined also has wider heuristic value, providng specific and testable hypotheses regarding the consequences of changes in visibility in other application areas where quick and accurate visual processing is critical (e.g. roadway lighting, production line quality control)., 22nd Session of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, July 2, 1991, Melbourne, Australia

21st Annual Session of the Commission International de L'Éclairage, 1987, Venice, Italy

Botanical gardens in Italy are facing a severe crisis and many of them are under risk to disappear. The Botanical Gardens of the University of Bologna (UBBGs) contains one of the eldest germplasm collections in the world. Currently, the ageing of the living arboreal collection poses typical problems associated with senescence, with some specimens already being lost. Furthermore, social recognition and emotional attachment from the local citizens are weak. In the present paper, a proposal for the recovery and regeneration of the UBBGs is structured in three subsequent phases. Primarily, the detection of physiological and mechanical issues in arboreal collection occurs by visual and instrumental analyses. A GIS-based system links the data to each tree and allows to upload them in digital databases. In the second phase, iconic “totem” trees are selected to host GPS-triggered interpretive features available to users via digital application on mobile devices. To make use of them, people are asked to log in and supply basic information, including (I) age class, (II) provenance, (III) time for visiting, and (IV) reasons for visiting. Extemporary quizzes, digital puzzles, and themed treasure hunts are also delivered during the tour basing on visitors' information and played features. At the end of the tour, personal satisfaction is assessed by a star-rating system, besides the selection of the most and least enjoyed features. In the last phase, satellite gardens are newly established, in neglected or abandoned urban sites, and users are also involved in data collection; therefore, fostering participatory citizen science. Hence, a long-term management plan for the arboreal collections is defined. Technological features improve the accessibility and intelligibility of UBBGs to visiting people, reviving their educational and recreational roles.

La Società Agricola “Officina del Sole” rappresenta un tipico esempio di azienda agricola multifunzionale. Sita a Montegiorgio (FM), si estende su una superficie di circa 40 ha in zona collinare. Acquisita nel 2009 da una giovane imprenditrice locale, l’azienda, dapprima destinata alla quasi totale coltivazione della vite e in parte riservata a seminativo, è attualmente oggetto di un progetto che coinvolge lo spin-off HORT dell’Università Politecnica delle Marche e il Dipartimento di Colture Arboree della Facoltà di Agraria di Bologna, i quali hanno curato la progettazione dell’intera area, ponendo particolare attenzione all’analisi del territorio in cui l’azienda si inserisce, riproducendone quindi i tratti distintivi e caratteristici e tenendo conto della vocazionalità del territorio per la scelta delle colture. Per queste ragioni, è stata proposta una ripartizione colturale che ha previsto l’inserimento di vitigni e varietà di olivo e fruttiferi locali, volti a valorizzare il territorio, in termini di sostenibilità ambientale, economica e sociale, in quanto le colture si inseriscono perfettamente nel paesaggio e costituiscono parte integrante di percorsi didattici e socio-ricreativi proposti per incentivare l’offerta turistica della zona. Agriturismo, beauty farm, cantina, frantoio e fattoria didattica sono alcune fra le più importanti attività che l’azienda attiverà.

Ces dernières années, l'agriculture de proximité est devenue une préoccupation des citadins : aussi, élus ou aménageurs ont commencé de proposer des projets agri-urbains. S’ils présentent souvent une réflexion innovante, ils négligent trop souvent de prendre en compte l'agriculture dans sa réalité socio-technique locale et n’impliquent guère les acteurs principaux que sont les agriculteurs. Cet article a pour objet d’évaluer la place des agriculteurs dans un projet agri-urbain conçu par un bureau d'étude en urbanisme et accepté par EPAMarne, Etablissement Public d'Aménagement de la ville nouvelle de Marne-la-Vallée. L’analyse des stratégies des agriculteurs exerçant dans ou près de cette ville montre qu’en fait ils ont anticipé la réponse aux attentes de celle-ci, et mis en place une agriculture forte, rentable et vivante Cela démontre que, dans ce contexte bien représentatif de l’Ile-de-France, les agriculteurs sont les partenaires naturels et nécessaires de tout projet d’agriurbanisme.

The Senigallia Green Spaces Structure Plan catches the opportunity to create relationships and reciprocal synergies between rural and urban landscape which allow the increasing of environmental quality of the urban landscape by inclining it towards the countryside and, vice versa, to enhance the rural landscape by its rediscovery from the inhabitants and the tourists.

Garantire la sostenibilità dal punto di vista economico, sociale ed ambientale è la base per rendere più vivibili e moderne le città odierne. Il concetto di sviluppo urbano sostenibile, che concepisce come prioritaria la componente ambientale, in grado di operare un riordino ecologico ed urbanistico della città, risulta pertanto il presupposto per redigere un efficiente Piano Strutturale del Verde.Il lavoro di ricerca, avente come finalità la redazione del Piano Strutturale del Verde del Comune di Senigallia (AN), ha individuato le strategie di indirizzo, le linee guida e gli obiettivi generali da perseguire nel medio-lungo periodo e le soluzioni progettuali a breve termine, al fine di garantire uno sviluppo organico, coeso e sostenibile del territorio. Esso infatti ha definito la pianificazione degli interventi per la valorizzazione del verde urbano già esistente e il miglioramento di questo, e ha previsto inoltre i futuri interventi di sistemazione di nuove aree verdi, con l’obiettivo finale di creare una rete organica di verde urbano di qualità.La proposta di piante mediterranee da inserire all’interno della rete ecologica che collega le varie componenti del paesaggio urbano e rurale costituisce le fondamenta per garantire una gestione semplificata, economica ed efficace del patrimonio arboreo ed arbustivo del Comune, per assicurare aree esteticamente valide, in termini di bellezza ma anche di fruibilità, e garantire un senso di appartenenza e di identità ai luoghi, esigenza oggigiorno sempre più ricercata .Le piante mediterranee, infatti, grazie alla loro rusticità, bellezza e autoctonicità risultano essere perfettamente idonee a raggiungere questi scopi. L’indirizzo da seguire risulta dunque quello di lasciare quanto più spazio possibile a strutture semplici e naturali, che comportino ridotti costi di gestione e dotate di un’elevata efficienza ambientale, pur assolvendo a reali funzioni di arredo. Sono queste le caratteristiche ricercate che contraddistinguono le nostre piante mediterranee e che quindi risultano fondamentali per una corretta progettazione, gestione e pianificazione del territorio.

The Senigallia Green Spaces Structure Plan catches the opportunity to create relationships and reciprocal synergies between rural and urban landscape which allow the increasing of environmental quality of the urban landscape by inclining it towards the countryside and, vice versa, to enhance the rural landscape by its rediscovery from the inhabitants and the tourists.

Analisi dell'intensità e dell'epoca di potatura su alberature ornamentali in ambito urbano.

Indirizzi per la pianificazione e progettazione del verde ornamentale

Analisi della componente vegetazionale antropica non colturale in ambiente rurale e urbano nel Nuovo Circondario Imolese.