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The author (a university instructor) and her community partner (a public school teacher) have collaborated in teaching an academic service-learning course in special education. This collaboration, the RAP (recreational activities project), was completed by university undergraduate students and young adults with cognitive impairment and/or developmental disabilities. The author discusses the results of this six year project, and implications for both university students in teacher training programs and young adults with disabilities. This article analyzes the quality of social relationships of young adults with and without disabilities and discusses the benefits of a union between qualitative research methods and academic service-learning. (Contains 2 tables.) [Note: The publication year (2009) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year is 2008.]

A novel method of synthesizing enantioselective enyne A-ring synthon of the alpha-hydroxy vitamins D was developed through the use of displacement/epimerization and double displacement studies. The design featured the epimerization of bis-silyl ether with DBU followed by employment of a cis-2,4-dialkoxycyclohexanone, trapping of unstable enolate, and acetylide coupling. The conclusion was the synthesis of the chiral enyne from chiral bromo ketone.

A novel method for the synthesis of iso(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-methylimidazo [4,5,1-j,k][1,4]benzodiazepin-2-(1H)-one) (isoTIBO) was developed based on the utilization of a key [1,5]benzodiazepine intermediate. The synthetic strategy was characterized by the direct condensation of 2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene with an intermediate amino acid that undergoes Fischer esterification to form isoTIBO analogs. The resulting compound also exhibited a structure-activity profile that was similar to the original TIBO compound.

A rapid, effective and enantioselective procedure for reduction of alkynyl ketones is effected by asymmetric reductions with oxazaborolidine and borane methyl sulfide complex. The reactions produce propargy alcohols in excellent yields. An S absolute configuration is determined from the spectra of the Mosher esters of all resultant propargy alcohols. The configurational assignment correlates well with the previously proposed mechanism of Corey.

An alternative method in the synthesis of C-aryl furanosides involves a reverse polarity technique which affords good yield than the old four-step C-glycosylation procedure. Reductive aromatization of cis-disubstituted furanoid glycal 10 involves lithiation and reduction to form quinol 12a. Application of borane protocol to quinol acetal 11 triggered reductive aromatization with the predicted addition of borane to the glycal double bond opposite the substituents. C-glycoside of 70% yield is achieved after acylation.

Two types of styrenes, 4-iodo-3-methyl-2-cyclohexenone and 3-alkyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-diol derivatives act as radical cyclization terminators to produce models for highly oxygenated ring-III synthons in the synthesis of morphine. The diol derivative is more efficient than the cyclohexenone derivatives. C-13, which has a functionalized two-carbon chain, has no influence on the products of the tandem closure.

Tributyltin hydride initiates tandem cyclization in various substituted styrenes to produce cis, cis-hydrophenanthrofurans that have the carbocyclic skeleton of the morphine alkaloids. These substituted styrenes also react with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane to produce the same products, but with a higher beta:alpha ratio than the tin hydride experiments. This anomaly is due to a competitive isomerization reaction.

The conversion of p-benzo- and p-naphthoquinol glycals to p-hydroxy C-phenyl and C-napthyl glycals, which is useful in the synthesis of gilvocarcins, involves a 'reverse polarity' route. The use of sodium dithioniteor aluminum amalgam in aqueous tetrahydrofuran allows the reductive aromatization of the quinol glycal, which serves as a key step. The first reductant works with the naphthoquinols only after replacement of the cross-conjugated system with a linearly conjugated system by treatment with di-tert-butylcarbonate and dimethylaminopyridine. The glycals are produced in 78-91% yields.

Cyclization of an o-(allyloxy)phenyl radical initiates the formation of the quaternary chiral center needed in the beta,beta-disubstituted dihydrobenzofuran structure of lycoramine. A seven-step synthesis method is involved in the introduction of the stereocontrolled chiral center. Bromoisovanillin, which serves as the parent compound, undergoes alkylation, silylation and condensation before it is finally subjected to cyclization, resulting in the synthesis of dl-lycoramine.

Benzodiazepines can be prepared from the intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution of N-(2,6-dihalo-3-nitrobenzoyl)-L-alaninamide. Moreover, the 8-chloro, 8-fluoro and 9-chloro tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepine (TIBO) intermediates can be similarly prepared from the regioselective cyclization of dichloro and difluorodiamines. The TIBO products have shown activity against human immunodeficiency virus-1 at low concentrations without damaging the host cells.

The compound GERI-BP001 is an inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and can be synthesized from methyl acetoacetate, trans,trans-farnesyl bromide and ethyl nicotinoate. The synthesis involves polyolefin cyclization which yields a vinylogous ester. The ester has the A,B,C-ring system containing all the five stereocenters possible for GERI-BP001. GERI-BP001 is obtained by the annulation of the pyrone ring of the ester followed by acetylation. GERI-BP001 may lower the collection of cholesterol esters in arterial lesions by inhibiting ACAT.

The reactivities of a series of 1-substituted cyclobutene derivatives are examined as substrates for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with [([H.sub.2]IMes)[(3-Br-pyrimidine).sub.2][(Cl.sub.2])Ru[double bond]CHPh]. The regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the addition to the propagating carbene to form the metallocyclobutane intermediate has depended on charge distribution and steric interactions.

The article studies crystal structure of Sts-[2.sub.PGM] in the phosphorylated active form and bound to V[O.sub.3]. Findings suggest a role for Glu476 in activating a uniquely positioned water molecule.

The alternating polymerization of cyclobutene 1-carboxylic esters and cyclohexene derivatives with the precatalyst [([H.sub.2]IMes)[(3-Br-pyr).sub.2][Cl.sub.2]Ru[double bond]CHPh] is discussed. The regiocontrol of heteropolymer formation is derived from the inability of the cyclobutene ester and cyclohexene monomers to undergo homopolymerization in combination with the favorable kinetics of cross polymerization.

Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymers are prepared from many strained cycloalkenes and their derivatives, norbornenes and oxanorbornenes are used for the preparation of peptide- and carbohydrate-bearing multivalent ROMP polymers. These monomers, substituted on the 5-position or on the 5-and 6-positions of the norbornene ring, are the most synthetically accessible monomers that metathesize efficiently.

A radical cyclization approach to the morphine alkaloids is applied in an asymmetric synthesis of (-)-dihydrocodeinone. The convergent synthesis of morphine alkaloids demonstrates the power of this methodology for 'stitching' rings together to build convex ring systems and the radical cyclization approach to morphine has proven amenable to asymmetric synthesis, affording (-)-dihydroisocodeine with 75% ee in a total of 13 steps.

Studies of a biommetic approach in which model tetraenes serve as unstable key intermediates shows that the tandem process is stereoselective, providing the endo bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene system when R(super z) is a hydrogen or cyano substituent. The endo selective closure of substrates in which the R(super z) and R(super E) substituents are tied back in a five-membered ring and the application of the effect in the efficient total synthesis of (-) SNF4435 C and (+)-SNF4435 D are reported.