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16. Potential of High- and Low-Acetylated Galactoglucomannooligosaccharides as Modulators of the Microbiota Composition and Their Activity: A Comparison Using the In VitroModel of the Human Colon TIM-2

Author

Míguez, Beatriz, Vila, Carlos, Venema, Koen, Parajó, Juan C., and Alonso, José L.

Abstract

High- and low-acetylated galactoglucomannooligosaccharides (GGMOS_Ac and GGMOS, respectively) were assayed as substrates in the TIM-2 in vitrocolon model using, as inoculum, fecal microbiota from the elderly. The effects on the microbiota and their activity were also compared to a standard ileal efflux medium (SIEM). GGMOS resulted in higher organic acid productions and higher short-chain fatty acids/total organic acid molar ratios. Although comparable Actinobacteria abundances were observed with both substrates, GGMOS fermentation led to higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and lower Proteobacteria percentages than GGMOS_Ac. No differences were found concerning the percentages of beneficial genus such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, or Bifidobacterium. However, higher bacterial diversities and numbers of genera such as Oscillospiraand Lachnospirawere found with GGMOS_Ac. This suggests that GGMOS would be more suitable substrates for the elderly, even though GGMOS_Ac promoted positive effects that support the interest of further research using these oligosaccharides as “carriers” of desired substituents.

Published
2020
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17. Multi-Stage Hydrothermal Processing of Eucalyptus Globulus Wood: An Experimental Assessment.

Author

López, Mar, Penín, Lucía, Vila, Carlos, Santos, Valentín, and Parajó, Juan C.

Subjects
EUCALYPTUS globulus, LIGNINS, POLYMERS, SACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDES, EUCALYPTUS
Abstract

Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were subjected to hydrothermal processing according to a three-stage, crossflow scheme with intercalated washing stages. The operational conditions for each hydrothermal stage were selected based on previous experiments, as the kinetics and yields depended on the composition of the reaction media. The solid recovery yields as well as the compositions of the various solids and liquids involved in each stage were measured, in order to allow the formulation of material balances. Under the conditions selected, the various stages enabled solid recovery yields in the range 70.8–74.4 g/100 g oven-dry wood, with extensive hemicellulose removal and almost quantitative recovery of both cellulose and lignin in solid phase. The production of valuable polysaccharide-derived products (including saccharides and furans) along the process decreased owing to the different initial composition of the various reaction media. In turn, the generation of monosaccharides from soluble saccharides of oligomeric or polymeric nature was promoted in the second and third stages. The experimental data provided in this study allow a quantitative assessment on the considered process, a basic information for simulation and economic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. Phenolics production from alkaline hydrolysis of autohydrolysis liquors.

Author

Ares-Peón, Iria A., Garrote, Gil, Domínguez, Herminia, and Parajó, Juan C.

Subjects
HYDROLYSIS kinetics, FOOD additive analysis, SAPONIFICATION
Abstract

Copyright of CyTA: Journal of Food is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2016
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24. Manufacture, Characterization, and Properties of Poly-(lactic acid) and its Blends with Esterified Pine Lignin.

Author

Vila, Carlos, Santos, Valentín, Saake, Bodo, and Parajó, Juan C.

Subjects
CLUSTER pine, SULFURIC acid, LIGNINS, HYDROXYL group, POLYLACTIC acid
Abstract

Pinus pinaster wood was pulped in ethanol/water medium catalyzed with sulfuric acid, and lignin was recovered from the liquid phase by precipitation upon water addition. Lignin samples were characterized for composition and thermal properties. Lignin samples were reacted with selected esterification agents (butyric, isobutyric, or crotonic anhydrides) under experimental conditions leading to extensive conversion of the available hydroxyl groups, and the esterified lignins were assessed for composition and thermal properties. Samples made up of crude polylactic acid or its blends with lignins (raw or esterified) were assayed for mechanical properties. The blends of polylactic acid with lignin modified with butyric anhydride presented higher Young's modulus and elongation at break than neat polylactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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39. Production of carotenoids by <TOGGLE>Phaffia rhodozyma</TOGGLE> growing on media made from hemicellulosic hydrolysates of <TOGGLE>Eucalyptus globulus</TOGGLE> wood

Author

Parajó, Juan C., Santos, Valentín, and Vázquez, Manuel

Abstract

Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL Y-17268 cells were proliferated in xylose-containing media made from Eucalyptus wood. Wood samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis under mild operational conditions, and hydrolysates were neutralized with lime. Neutralized hydrolysates were treated with charcoal for removing inhibitors and then supplemented with nutrients to obtain culture media useful for proliferation of the red yeast P. rhodozyma. A set of experiments carried out in orbital shakers proved that hydrolysates containing 16.6 g xylose/L supplemented only with 3 g peptone/L performed well as fermentation media. At the end of experiments, xylose was depleted and 10.5 g cells/L were obtained. Biomass was highly pigmented and volumetric carotenoid concentrations up to 5.8 mg carotenoids/L (with 4.6 mg astaxanthin/L) were reached. Further experiments in batch fermentors using concentrated hydrolysates (initial xylose concentrations within 16.6 and 40.8 g/L) led to good biomass concentrations (up to 23.2 g cells/L) with increased pigment concentration (up to 12.9 mg total carotenoids/L, with 10.4 mg astaxanthin/L) and high volumetric rates of carotenoid production (up to 0.079 mg/L·h). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59: 501–506, 1998.

Published
1998
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40. Extraction of low-molar-mass phenolics and lipophilic compounds from Pinus pinaster wood with compressed CO2.

Author

Conde, Enma, Hemming, Jarl, Smeds, Annika, Reinoso, Beatriz Díaz, Moure, Andrés, Willför, Stefan, Domínguez, Herminia, and Parajó, Juan C.

Subjects
*EXTRACTION (Chemistry), *MOLAR mass, *PHENOLS, *HYDROPHOBIC compounds, *CLUSTER pine, *SUPERCRITICAL carbon dioxide
Abstract

Highlights: [⿢] Pinus pinaster wood samples were extracted with near and supercritical CO2. [⿢] The effect of pressure (10⿿25MPa), temperature (30⿿50°C) and ethanol as co-solvent was assessed. [⿢] Under selected conditions (25MPa, 50°C, 10% ethanol), 4wt% was extracted. [⿢] One gram of extract contained 76mg of GAE and was equivalent to 0.3g Trolox. [⿢] Selected extracts contained 30% resin acids and 10% of the sum of flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and juvabiones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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