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International audience; Spring is usually the season for Ticemed conferences. The twelfth in the series, Ticemed12, prepared at Panteion University of Athens for April 7-9, 2020 had to be canceled days before its opening due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Months of work by speakers, reviewers and organizers risked being erased altogether. However, it is a tradition in these conferences to publish the texts of the lecturers in pre-proceedings before the conference is held. The upheavals of the past year did not make it possible to publish within those deadlines, but it seemed essential for the organizers and the Ticemed community to carry out the equivalent of preprints and to make them available to the public on the net. This is the subject of this volume. Although the conditions are exceptional, it should be remembered that the texts of the papers collected here have been double-blind evaluated and selected by a scientific committee in accordance with the usual rules of ethics. They were received after a call for papers which sets out the scientific and organizational framework for the conference.; Le printemps est habituellement la saison où se tiennent les colloques Ticemed. Le douzième de la série, Ticemed12, préparé à l’Université Panteion d’Athènes pour les 7-9 avril 2020 a dû être annulé quelques jours avant son ouverture en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19. Des mois de travail desconférenciers, des revieweurs et des organisateurs1 risquaient d’être effacés purement et simplement. Or il est de tradition dans ces colloques de publier les textes des conférences dans des préactes avant même la tenue du colloque. Les bouleversements de l’année écoulée n’ont pas permis depublier dans ces délais, mais il a paru indispensable aux organisateurs et à la communauté Ticemed de réaliser l’équivalent de pré-actes et de les mettre à disposition du public sur le net. Cela est l’objet du présent ouvrage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory aroma profiles of white wines of the indigenous Greek grape varieties Assyrtiko, Malagousia, Moschofilero, and Roditis. Twenty-three panelists evaluated 17 wines of the aforementioned varieties using the frequency of attribute citation method. Three indices were calculated to assess panel performance in terms of reproducibility. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were employed to investigate the sensory space of the wines. Samples of the Roditis variety were characterized mainly by Banana and Vanilla odors, Assyrtiko samples had Earthy, Mushroom, and Nutty odors, as well as Lemon and Honey for some of the samples. Malagousia wines were described as having Lemon, Grapefruit, and Citrus blossom character, and they shared some descriptors with Assyrtiko wines, such as Mushroom and Earthy, and some with Moschofilero samples, i.e., floral and citrus notes. All Moschofilero wines exhibited a floral odor profile: specifically, Rose, Jasmine, or more Citrus blossom-like. Moreover, some Moschofilero samples also revealed a Grapefruit, Lemon, and/or Earthy character, while others expressed Honey notes. In conclusion, despite common characteristics found within varieties, some samples of different varieties exhibited overlapping profiles, and in some cases, samples of the same variety were quite different from each other.

The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, selfesteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy., Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research 15110006, H2020 European Research Council 759320, Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies 15130009, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 1161371, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness PSI2016-79971-P, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-01214S, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO: 68081740

Indexación: Scopus. Benevolent and corrective humor are two comic styles that have been related to virtue, morality, and character strengths. A previous study also supported the viability of measuring these two styles with the BenCor in 22 countries. The present study extends the previous one by including further countries (a total of 25 countries in 29 samples with N = 7813), by testing the revised BenCor (BenCor-R), and by adding two criterion measures to assess life satisfaction and four broad humor dimensions (social fun/entertaining humor, mockery, humor ineptness, and cognitive/reflective humor). As expected, the BenCor-R showed mostly promising psychometric properties (internal consistency and factorial validity). Consistent with previous studies, benevolent humor correlated positively with life satisfaction in most countries, while corrective humor was uncorrelated with life satisfaction. These relationships were only slightly changed when controlling for social fun/entertaining humor and mockery, respectively. Benevolent humor was mostly positively associated with cognitive/reflective humor, followed by social fun/entertaining humor and mockery. Corrective humor was mostly positively associated with mockery, followed by cognitive/reflective and social fun/entertaining humor, although these relationships differed between the countries. Overall, the present study supports the viability of benevolent and corrective humor, which has yet received insufficient attention in psychology, for cross-cultural investigations and applications of humor, well-being, and morality. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V. https://link-springer-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/article/10.1007%2Fs10902-019-00185-9

International audience; This study focuses on toys designed and produced at the Papastrateios Vocational Public School of Toys and Decorative Arts in Athens-the only school founded in Greece to create playthings, during the interwar era, in order to reveal the artistic nature of toys. At a time when playthings were either imported or poor replicas of foreign originals, these toys, tokens of children's talent, exemplified the principles of the labour school movement, as conceptualized by the League for Women's Rights, who founded the School, and as realised in the practices of the contemporary painters and sculptors that staffed the School. Irrespective of whether the toys were made of wood, cloth, unbreakable paste, tin or paper, industrial or handicraft , countryside or urban, a means of instruction and/or an object of vocational training, they all assumed an artistic form which crystallized a particular understanding of Greek identity. This study examines the ways these modern Greek toys which served both tradition, as conceptualized by Benjamin, and modernity, and drew their inspiration from nature, the Nike of Paionios, the Kore of Euthydikos, Byzantine costumes and Hellenistic terracotta. These toys became instantiations of high art as expressed by children, not only in material but also in social and cultural terms and eventually were awarded first prize at the 1937 Paris International Exhibition.

Cet article examine la manière dont les communautés de montagne de la période postcommuniste albanaise sont affectées par le processus récent de décentralisation de la gestion des parcours communs, ressource principale pour le développement de l'activité d'élevage. L'hypothèse de cet article est que les changements institutionnels affectant l'accès des parcours communs peuvent affaiblir ou renforcer les communautés locales en fonction de leurs capacités à adapter leurs modalités de gouvernance collective., This paper examines how the mountain communities in the Albanian post-communist period are affected by the recent decentralization process of the management of common pastures, major resource for the development of the livestock activity. The main hypothesis discussed in this paper is that the institutional changes affecting the access and the use of the common pastures may weaken or strengthen the local communities according to their capacities to adapt their collective governance modalities.

Part 12: Fuzzy; International audience; Modelling and understanding user interests are particularly important tasks for designing services and building systems for customized solutions in web personalization and recommender systems. User generated content (UGC) constitutes a significant source of information for capturing user interests. This paper, suggests an approach to user profiling that analyses the Term Frequency (TF) and the Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) of selected tourism services by utilising the Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA). It analyses a sample of customer reviews that are collected from tourism web sites. This paper considers the amount of money that customers spent during their hotel stay, as the outcome set in the FsQCA analysis. The results produce causal combinations of services that are necessary and sufficient for building customer interests models that best lead to the outcome and argue for the applicability of the FsQCA in modelling user interests.

International audience; This paper examines how mountain communities in the Albanian post-communist period are affected by the recent decentralization process of the management of common pastures. Currently, common pastures represent 58% of the total Albanian pastures. Therefore, the issues around their management are very important for the mountain communities and the policy makers because they are the main resource for the development of the livestock activity and consequently, for the livelihood of the mountainous communities. Theory on the commons highlights the design principles for a good governance of the commons (Ostrom, 1990). More particularly, the governance needs a legal and institutional framework that allows avoiding the “tragedy of the commons” (Hardin, 1968). As a consequence, local communities need to build proper resource governance, which allows them responding well to changing conditions and establishing a resilience-based management of their common resource (Bestelmeyer & Briske, 2012). Pasture management in Albania has faced several changes in administrative modalities related to the assignment of rights and duties, which have affected pasture governance mechanisms at all territorial levels: national, regional, municipalities, and villages. As a transition privilege, the priority for attributing the use rights is given to the old authorized beneficiaries. In cases where they are not financially able, the use rights can be given outside the group of previous authorized beneficiaries. The main hypothesis discussed in this paper is that the institutional changes affecting the access and the use of the common pastures may weaken or strengthen the local communities according to their capacities to adapt their collective governance modalities. This paper examines how the farmers, at a very local level, react to the recent institutional change in the resource use of their communal pastures. The analysis is based on social surveys applying the Likert method to measure the perception of farmers affected by the legal and institutional changes in the attribution of the rights to use and the obligations related with the management of the common pastures. The discussion is done following the analytical grid proposed by Ostrom (2009) regarding the management of the commons.

International audience; The international conference “The Creative Contagion. Media, industries, storytelling, communities” is a continuation of the reflections carried out for several years on the theme of injunctions to creativity, since they are no longer reserved for the cultural and creative industries, but increasingly contaminate other traditional sectors. It is the fourth scientific event, organized as part of the CREA2S international “Creative Shift Studies” network on the creative turn: https://crea2s.hypotheses.org, after that of Montreal (Canada) in 2014, Nantes (France) in 2015 and Varna (Bulgaria) in 2017. Our objective is to continue the development of this international network and to deepen the scientific questions previously discussed. In addition, it involves questioning the "creative contagion" by specifying the analysis of the creative reference, on the one hand, to the media activities and, on the other hand, to the context of crisis (economic, political, social, ecological) which the European countries in particular are currently facing.; Le colloque international « La contagion créative. Médias, industries, récits, communautés » s’inscrit dans la continuité des réflexions menées depuis plusieurs années sur la thématique des injonctions à la créativité, dès lors qu’elles ne sont plus réservées aux industries culturelles et créatives, mais contaminent de plus en plus d’autres secteurs traditionnels. Il constitue le quatrième événement scientifique, organisé dans le cadre du réseau international CREA2S « Creative Shift Studies » sur le tournant créatif : https://crea2s.hypotheses.org, après celui de Montréal (Canada) en 2014, Nantes (France) en 2015 et Varna (Bulgarie) en 2017. L’objectif est de poursuivre le développement de ce réseau international et d’approfondir les questionnements scientifiques précédemment abordés. En outre, il s’agit d’interroger la « contagion créative » en considérant plus particulièrement l’analyse de la référence créative des activités médiatiques et le contexte de crise (économique, politique, sociale, écologique) auquel sont plus particulièrement confrontés les pays européens actuellement.

International audience; The international conference “The Creative Contagion. Media, industries, storytelling, communities” is a continuation of the reflections carried out for several years on the theme of injunctions to creativity, since they are no longer reserved for the cultural and creative industries, but increasingly contaminate other traditional sectors. It is the fourth scientific event, organized as part of the CREA2S international “Creative Shift Studies” network on the creative turn: https://crea2s.hypotheses.org, after that of Montreal (Canada) in 2014, Nantes (France) in 2015 and Varna (Bulgaria) in 2017. Our objective is to continue the development of this international network and to deepen the scientific questions previously discussed. In addition, it involves questioning the "creative contagion" by specifying the analysis of the creative reference, on the one hand, to the media activities and, on the other hand, to the context of crisis (economic, political, social, ecological) which the European countries in particular are currently facing.; Le colloque international « La contagion créative. Médias, industries, récits, communautés » s’inscrit dans la continuité des réflexions menées depuis plusieurs années sur la thématique des injonctions à la créativité, dès lors qu’elles ne sont plus réservées aux industries culturelles et créatives, mais contaminent de plus en plus d’autres secteurs traditionnels. Il constitue le quatrième événement scientifique, organisé dans le cadre du réseau international CREA2S « Creative Shift Studies » sur le tournant créatif : https://crea2s.hypotheses.org, après celui de Montréal (Canada) en 2014, Nantes (France) en 2015 et Varna (Bulgarie) en 2017. L’objectif est de poursuivre le développement de ce réseau international et d’approfondir les questionnements scientifiques précédemment abordés. En outre, il s’agit d’interroger la « contagion créative » en considérant plus particulièrement l’analyse de la référence créative des activités médiatiques et le contexte de crise (économique, politique, sociale, écologique) auquel sont plus particulièrement confrontés les pays européens actuellement.

International audience

2 congrès organisés par le Réseau Foncimed : - Gouvernance des Crises Economiques et Dynamique d'Utilisation des Terres dans les Zones Agricoles et Périurbaines. Séminaire international Foncimed, 2014/10/16-18, Athènes (Grèce) - Le Dualisme Foncier Agricole en Méditerranée : Concurrence ou Coopération ? Séminaire international Foncimed, 2015/10/15-17, Tunis (Tunisie); International audience; Cette publication d’Options Méditerranéennes (OM) réunit les travaux du réseau Foncimed présentés lors des séminaires d’Athènes en octobre 2014 et de Tunis en octobre 2015. Le premier séminaire portait sur l’importance des questions foncières dans les moments de crises économiques et sociales, quelques années après le début de la crise économique et politique qui frappe la Grèce. Le second interrogeait l’importance et les conséquences des inégalités foncières en Méditerranée, l’année où la FAO célébrait l’exploitation agricole familiale à travers le monde. A l’heure de la mondialisation des échanges, de la généralisation du productivisme et de l’uniformisation des modes de vie, cette publication interroge l’intérêt de maintenir un foncier rural composé de petits parcellaires portant des exploitations agricoles nombreuses et de taille modeste. Elle est éclairée par les travaux de terrain originaux, menés sur les trois rives de la Méditerranée - occidentale, balkanique et nord-africaine -, par les membres du réseau de chercheurs et praticiens Foncimed. Avec l’ambition de nourrir le partage d’expériences multidisciplinaires, de croiser le monde scientifique et celui du développement, le réseau Foncimed est un réseau méditerranéen pluridisciplinaire et interinstitutionnel d’échanges et de comparaison d’expériences sur la question foncière. Il fonctionne depuis 2007 animé et financé conjointement par le CIHEAM-IAMM et l’INRA-SAD.

Introduction: La petite exploitation agricole méditerranéenne, une réponse en temps de crise

International audience; The objectives of this paper are to understand the evolution of family farming in a mountainous area of Southern Albania after the fall of communism in 1991 and to identify the socio-economic developments that characterize this territory in very last years. According to primary or secondary historical data, there is a recent increasing demand for dairy and meat products due to the rapid growth of urban markets. This has pushed for an increase in livestock production. Simultaneously new moving breeders from southern Albania are renting vast good pastures and the management reform of public pastures have put more pressure on common pastures. At the end, the paper discusses the perspectives of improving livestock farming systems in that context.

The paper aims to present changes and current dynamics of mountainous pastoral systems in Southern Albania (Korca region) and to identify origin-based quality products as a strategy for sustainable rural development. According to the historical data (available or reconstructed through interviews), rapid and unregulated changes in mountainous productive systems within the post-communism transition threaten local natural resources and cultural landscapes. Changes are primarily due to massive out-migration of population and the consequent brutal disruption of social and productive fabric as also to the collapse of the ancient value chains without establishing a proper institutional context for the empowerment of livestock sector and a balanced management of mountain pastures. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of urban markets and the increase in sales of milk and meat coming from mountainous territories –perceived by consumers as of distinct quality– create new perspectives for the studied region., Le papier vise à présenter les changements et les dynamiques actuelles des systèmes pastoraux de montagne en Albanie du Sud (région de Korça) et d’identifier les produits de qualités liées à l’origine comme une stratégie de développement rural durable. Selon les données historiques disponibles (ou reconstituées à travers des entretiens), des changements rapides et non réglementés dans les systèmes de production de montagne durant la transition postcommuniste menacent les ressources naturelles locales et les paysages culturels. Les changements sont principalement dus à une émigration massive de la population et l’interruption brutale conséquente du tissu social et productif mais aussi à l’effondrement des anciennes chaînes de valeur sans l’établissement d’un cadre institutionnel approprié pour l’autonomisation du secteur de l’élevage et une gestion équilibrée des alpages. Néanmoins, la croissance rapide des marchés urbains et l’augmentation des ventes de lait et de viande provenant de territoires montagneux, perçus par les consommateurs comme de qualité distincte, crée de nouvelles perspectives pour la région étudiée.

International audience

Issu du 19. Meeting of the FAO-CIHEAM Mountain Pastures Subnetwork, 2016/06/14-2016/06/16, Zaragoza (Spain).; National audience; The paper aims to present changes and current dynamics of mountainous pastoral systems in Southern Albania (Korca region) and to identify origin-based quality products as a strategy for sustainable rural development. According to the historical data (available or reconstructed through interviews), rapid and unregulated changes in mountainous productive systems within the post-communism transition threaten local natural resources and cultural landscapes. Changes are primarily due to massive out-migration of population and the consequent brutal disruption of social and productive fabric as also to the collapse of the ancient value chains without establishing a proper institutional context for the empowerment of livestock sector and a balanced management of mountain pastures. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of urban markets and the increase in sales of milk and meat coming from mountainous territories –perceived by consumers as of distinct quality– create new perspectives for the studied region.; Le papier vise à présenter les changements et les dynamiques actuelles des systèmes pastoraux de montagne en Albanie du Sud (région de Korça) et d’identifier les produits de qualités liées à l’origine comme une stratégie de développement rural durable. Selon les données historiques disponibles (ou reconstituées à travers des entretiens), des changements rapides et non réglementés dans les systèmes de production de montagne durant la transition postcommuniste menacent les ressources naturelles locales et les paysages culturels. Les changements sont principalement dus à une émigration massive de la population et l’interruption brutale conséquente du tissu social et productif mais aussi à l’effondrement des anciennes chaînes de valeur sans l’établissement d’un cadre institutionnel approprié pour l’autonomisation du secteur de l’élevage et une gestion équilibrée des alpages. Néanmoins, la croissance rapide des marchés urbains et l’augmentation des ventes de lait et de viande provenant de territoires montagneux, perçus par les consommateurs comme de qualité distincte, crée de nouvelles perspectives pour la région étudiée.

International audience; This paper examines the repetition practices in television. Taking as an example, the Greek television in the era of the economic crisis, our aim goes beyond the Greek frontiers. We argue that a number of different types of repetition regarding programmes and TV scheduling take part in the creation of a television culture, forming the perception of reality and everyday life of the public.; Ce texte propose de penser la répétition à la télévision. Notre propos puise dans le paysage télévisuel grec; cependant, il revendique une étendue plus large qui dépasse les frontières de ce pays. La pratique des rediffusions est abordée comme outil de création d " une culture télévisuelle, intervenant dans la configuration d " une perception de la réalité et de la vie quotidienne du public.

This text aims to present the methodology of study of land-use conflicts performed in recent years by a multidisciplinary team, and to reveal the methods of survey and data collection, as well as the structure of the resulting database. We first define the scope of our study by providing a definition of these conflicts, of their characteristics and motives, of the ways they manifest themselves and of the actors involved (I). We then present the methodology we have used to identify conflicts; it is based on a spatial analysis and the combined use of different data collection methods including surveys conducted by experts, analyses of the regional daily press and of data from the administrative litigation courts (II). Finally we present the resulting Conflicts © data base, with its tables and nomenclatures, in which the data collected in different fields are reconciled and analyzed (III), before providing a few examples of how this method can be used to analyze case studies in developed and developing countries (IV). Jel codes D74; C83; K41

Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM) avec l'Université de Thessalie; LACTIMED carried out a diagnosis of the dairy chain in Thessaly to help local authorities and support structures adopt a strategy for promoting the typical dairy products of their territory. This diagnosis report includes an overview of the dairy chain, the analysis of the results of field survey with producers, the identification of typical dairy products with their production specifications and information on the domestic market.

USESPON is about capitalisation of European perspective on territorial development and cohesion. This is done through giving stakeholders key methods to interpret ESPON results in their context, but also taking this further by showing how the stakeholders can use these methods. This will result on: (1) Capacity-building amongst the USESPON partners, through cross-fertilisation from four previous and ongoing TNAs, transnational working to prepare the support materials and plan and deliver the interactive workshops; (2) Sense of ownership amongst key stakeholders in respect of use of methods and tools developed within ESPON 2013.

Publication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM) avec l'Université de Thessalie; Lactimed a réalisé un diagnostic de la filière laitière de Thessalie (Grèce) afin d’aider les autorités locales et les structures d’appui à adopter une stratégie pour la valorisation des produits laitiers typiques de leur territoire. Ce rapport de diagnostic inclut un état des lieux de la filière, l’analyse des résultats d’enquêtes de terrain menées auprès des producteurs, l’identification de produits laitiers typiques avec leur cahier des charges de production et des informations sur le marché domestique.

International audience; English version of a lecture (5.000 words) delivered in Greek at the Marshall McLuhan & Walter J. Ong International Centenary Symposium (The New Sensorium - Embodied Perception, Extensions of Humanity & Digital Communication), held in Athens, Greece (20-21 April, 2012). The symposium was organized by the Department of Communication, Media & Culture of the Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences and its postgraduate programme in Cultural Management, in association with the Coach House Institute and its McLuhan Program in Culture & Technology at the Faculty of Information (University of Toronto). For further information, see here: http://entopia.org/newsensorium/

International audience; Το παρόν κείμενο διάλεξης (5.000 λέξεις) εκφωνήθηκε στο πλαίσιο διεθνούς επιστημονικού συνεδρίου με θέμα: Το Nέο Sensorium - Eνσώματη Aντίληψη, Προεκτάσεις του Ανθρώπου, Ψηφιακή Επικοινωνία, το οποίο διοργανώθηκε από το Τμήμα Επικοινωνίας, Μέσων & Πολιτισμού του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κοινωνικών & Πολιτικών Επιστημών σε συνεργασία με το Πρόγραμμα Κοινωνίας & Τεχνολογίας και το Ινστιτούτο Coach House του Πανεπιστημίου του Toronto, και διεξήχθη στις 20 και 21 Απριλίου του 2012 στην Αθήνα (http://entopia.org/newsensorium/).; Lecture (5.000 words) delivered at the Marshall McLuhan & Walter J. Ong International Centenary Symposium (The New Sensorium - Embodied Perception, Extensions of Humanity & Digital Communication), held in Athens, Greece (20-21 April, 2012). The symposium was organized by the Department of Communication, Media & Culture of Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences and its postgraduate programme in Cultural Management, in association with the Coach House Institute and its McLuhan Program in Culture & Technology at the Faculty of Information (University of Toronto). For further information, see here: http://entopia.org/newsensorium/

International audience; In this paper a systematic evaluation is presented of an e-participation platform based on GIS tools. The evaluation methodology is founded on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which has been elaborated and adapted to this particular type of IS, taking into account the particular objectives and capabilities of this platform. Our main evaluation dimensions were usage, ease of use, functional usefulness, political usefulness and importance of discussion topic; each of them has been analyzed into a number of sub-dimensions. Using this methodology five pilot applications of this platform in 'real-life' situations and problems have been evaluated with both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Finally it has been concluded that the use of GIS tools can provide significant value in the area of e-participation, which however depends on a number of context factors, such as citizens' computer literacy and familiarization, trust to the political system, interest of the sponsoring public authorities, appropriate promotion, importance of the topic under discussion and quantity and quality of reference information appended on the digital maps by public authorities.

International audience; This study explores the relationship between 2 defecting strategies based on the manipulation of information; namely, Machiavellianism and economic opportunism. There are 3 main hypotheses that were confirmed in questionnaire investigations among samples of 191 and 113 university students in Athens. Machiavellianism was positively correlated with economic opportunism, shown by a statistically highly significant positive correlation between scores on scales measuring these 2 concepts. In situations of asymmetric information where they held the advantage, high Machs adopted more opportunistic strategies, showing the greatest inclination to maximize their own profit. High Machs showed less trust in potential economic partners, whom they regarded as untrustworthy maximizers.; Cette recherche vise à explorer les relations entre deux stratégies de défection basées sur la manipulation de l'information, à savoir le machiavélisme et l'opportunisme économique. Dans les situations d'asymétrie d'information où les sujets ont un avantage informationnel, les « Higth Machs » adoptent des stratégies plus opportunistes qui montrent leur inclinaison plus grande à maximiser leurs profits. Par ailleurs,, ils manifestent moins de confiance envers les partenaires économiques potentiels qu'ils regardent ou envisagent comme maximisateurs non fiables.

International audience

Au début des années 1960, l'information recouvre le statut de bien économique en raison de la remise en cause de l'hypothèse d'information parfaite du modèle néo-classique standard. Il est aujourd'hui communément admis que ce bien possède des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres. De quelle manière sont perçues ces caractéristiques dans une population de sujets « naïfs », et comment cette population estime-t-elle la valeur d'un bien informationnel ? Nous utilisons une démarche d'économie expérimentale montrant notamment que la valeur d'un bien informationnel a tendance a être sous-estimée vis-à-vis de celle d'un bien matériel, toutes choses égales par ailleurs ( gain escompté, certitude du gain, conditions du gain).

Toute analyse globale des élections européennes doit partir du fait qu’il s’agit d’une juxtaposition d’électorats nationaux qui s’expriment nationalement et que le suffrage des électeurs porte sur des questions et des enjeux qui ne sont qu’en (petite) partie communs. Les élections européennes sont un jeu où « tous les joueurs restent interdépendants, mais ils ne jouent [pas] directement ensemble ». En l’absence d’une res publica européenne et d’un peuple européen, le suffrage n’a pas la même signification d’un pays à l’autre et ne dégage pas nécessairement un sens, ou le même sens, au niveau du système « Europe ». De plus, la campagne et les résultats des élections européennes, élections de « second ordre » (ne fondant ni ne structurant le système politique national), sont fortement influencés par la constellation politique de l’arène politique intérieure, l’arène dominante ou de « premier ordre ». [1er paragraphe]

The creation of the Party of European Socialists in November 1992 marked a new stage in the process of cooperation among Socialists of the European Union. In fact, given the stagnation of the previous phase, the PES contributed to reorganizing and heightening cooperation within European Socialism. The PES imposed itself and was gradually recognized as the unchallenged organizational center of coordination among Socialists at the European Union level, bringing a new dynamic to regional Social Democratic “integration.” More homogenous than the Union of Socialist Parties of the European Community (UPSCE), founded in 1974, the PES is today more coherent and better equipped than its traditional partner and adversary, the EPP (European People’s Party), to carry out “effective” actions within the European institutions. The PES’s political influence has grown (especially through the party leaders’ conferences) and its authority has been more clearly asserted and consolidated at the European level.2 Yet, despite its increased strength, the PES, like all pan-European parties, is in reality only a “proto-party,” a term indicative of a restricted partisan profile, even an elliptical one, and clearly incomplete.3 The reinforced PES remains a weak integrative institution.4

International audience; L'Observatoire Européen des Affaires Familiales se penche sur la faible fécondité en Europe à l'occasion de son séminaire annuel, qui a eu lieu à Séville du 15 au 16 Septembre 2000 Beaucoup d'idées reçues en matière de niveau de fécondité en Europe sont en train de voler en éclats. Ainsi, par exemple, il nous faut oublier le stéréotype qui voulait que les familles d'Europe du Sud soient particulièrement fécondes. L'image de la « mamma » italienne à la tête d'une famille nombreuse est tout à fait dépassée. Les femmes italiennes sont parmi celles qui ont le moins d'enfants en Europe, certaines régions connaissant même un indice conjoncturel de fécondité inférieur à 1, alors que les démographes établissent que le taux de remplacement d'une population se situent à 2,1 enfants en moyenne par femme. Une telle révolution du régime de fécondité inquiète les pouvoirs publics, qui ont longtemps évalué la santé économique, politique et sociale des nations à l'aune de la taille de leur population. Qu'adviendra-t-il d'une Europe n'assurant pas le renouvellement des générations, d'une Europe vieillissante ? L'Observatoire européen des affaires familiales a tenté d'y voir plus clair à l'occasion de son séminaire annuel, qui s'est tenu à Séville les 15 et 16 septembre 2000. Loin de tomber dans le travers de l'alarmisme, les communications présentées ont permis de mieux comprendre les tenants et aboutissants du problème.

Since the 1980s there has been a renewed interest in attempts to introduce a sense of history into economic literature. In this book, the authors argue that it is not possible to explain a state of the world without first analyzing the processes that lead to that state.