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1. De novo variants in the RNU4-2 snRNA cause a frequent neurodevelopmental syndrome

Author

Chen, Yuyang, Dawes, Ruebena, Kim, Hyung Chul, Ljungdahl, Alicia, Stenton, Sarah L., Walker, Susan, Lord, Jenny, Lemire, Gabrielle, Martin-Geary, Alexandra C., Ganesh, Vijay S., Ma, Jialan, Ellingford, Jamie M., Delage, Erwan, D’Souza, Elston N., Dong, Shan, Adams, David R., Allan, Kirsten, Bakshi, Madhura, Baldwin, Erin E., Berger, Seth I., Bernstein, Jonathan A., Bhatnagar, Ishita, Blair, Ed, Brown, Natasha J., Burrage, Lindsay C., Chapman, Kimberly, Coman, David J., Compton, Alison G., Cunningham, Chloe A., D’Souza, Precilla, Danecek, Petr, Délot, Emmanuèle C., Dias, Kerith-Rae, Elias, Ellen R., Elmslie, Frances, Evans, Care-Anne, Ewans, Lisa, Ezell, Kimberly, Fraser, Jamie L., Gallacher, Lyndon, Genetti, Casie A., Goriely, Anne, Grant, Christina L., Haack, Tobias, Higgs, Jenny E., Hinch, Anjali G., Hurles, Matthew E., Kuechler, Alma, Lachlan, Katherine L., Lalani, Seema R., Lecoquierre, François, Leitão, Elsa, Fevre, Anna Le, Leventer, Richard J., Liebelt, Jan E., Lindsay, Sarah, Lockhart, Paul J., Ma, Alan S., Macnamara, Ellen F., Mansour, Sahar, Maurer, Taylor M., Mendez, Hector R., Metcalfe, Kay, Montgomery, Stephen B., Moosajee, Mariya, Nassogne, Marie-Cécile, Neumann, Serena, O’Donoghue, Michael, O’Leary, Melanie, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Pattani, Nikhil, Phillips, John, Pitsava, Georgia, Pysar, Ryan, Rehm, Heidi L., Reuter, Chloe M., Revencu, Nicole, Riess, Angelika, Rius, Rocio, Rodan, Lance, Roscioli, Tony, Rosenfeld, Jill A., Sachdev, Rani, Shaw-Smith, Charles J., Simons, Cas, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Snell, Penny, St Clair, Laura, Stark, Zornitza, Stewart, Helen S., Tan, Tiong Yang, Tan, Natalie B., Temple, Suzanna E. L., Thorburn, David R., Tifft, Cynthia J., Uebergang, Eloise, VanNoy, Grace E., Vasudevan, Pradeep, Vilain, Eric, Viskochil, David H., Wedd, Laura, Wheeler, Matthew T., White, Susan M., Wojcik, Monica, Wolfe, Lynne A., Wolfenson, Zoe, Wright, Caroline F., Xiao, Changrui, Zocche, David, Rubenstein, John L., Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Eirene, Fica, Sebastian M., Baralle, Diana, Depienne, Christel, MacArthur, Daniel G., Howson, Joanna M. M., Sanders, Stephan J., O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, and Whiffin, Nicola

Published
2024
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2. PhenoScore quantifies phenotypic variation for rare genetic diseases by combining facial analysis with other clinical features using a machine-learning framework

Author

Dingemans, Alexander J. M., Hinne, Max, Truijen, Kim M. G., Goltstein, Lia, van Reeuwijk, Jeroen, de Leeuw, Nicole, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, Janneke, Pfundt, Rolph, Diets, Illja J., den Hoed, Joery, de Boer, Elke, Coenen-van der Spek, Jet, Jansen, Sandra, van Bon, Bregje W., Jonis, Noraly, Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Vulto-van Silfhout, Anneke T., Kleefstra, Tjitske, Koolen, David A., Campeau, Philippe M., Palmer, Elizabeth E., Van Esch, Hilde, Lyon, Gholson J., Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Rauch, Anita, Marom, Ronit, Baralle, Diana, van der Sluijs, Pleuntje J., Santen, Gijs W. E., Kooy, R. Frank, van Gerven, Marcel A. J., Vissers, Lisenka E. L. M., and de Vries, Bert B. A.

Published
2023
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3. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition

Author

Palmer, Elizabeth E., Pusch, Michael, Picollo, Alessandra, Forwood, Caitlin, Nguyen, Matthew H., Suckow, Vanessa, Gibbons, Jessica, Hoff, Alva, Sigfrid, Lisa, Megarbane, Andre, Nizon, Mathilde, Cogné, Benjamin, Beneteau, Claire, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Chedrawi, Aziza, Hashem, Mais O., Stamberger, Hannah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Vanlander, Arnaud, Ceulemans, Berten, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, Nunn, Kenneth, Arpin, Stéphanie, Raynaud, Martine, Motter, Constance S., Ward-Melver, Catherine, Janssens, Katrien, Meuwissen, Marije, Beysen, Diane, Dikow, Nicola, Grimmel, Mona, Haack, Tobias B., Clement, Emma, McTague, Amy, Hunt, David, Townshend, Sharron, Ward, Michelle, Richards, Linda J., Simons, Cas, Costain, Gregory, Dupuis, Lucie, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Boyle, Jackie, Saunders, Carol, Fleming, Emily, El Chehadeh, Salima, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Piton, Amelie, Gerard, Bénédicte, Abi Warde, Marie-Thérèse, Rea, Gillian, McKenna, Caoimhe, Douzgou, Sofia, Banka, Siddharth, Akman, Cigdem, Bain, Jennifer M., Sands, Tristan T., Wilson, Golder N., Silvertooth, Erin J., Miller, Lauren, Lederer, Damien, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Monestier, Olivier, Karadurmus, Deniz, Collins, Felicity, Carter, Melissa, Rohena, Luis, Willemsen, Marjolein H., Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Pfundt, Rolph, Kroft, Sanne D., Field, Michael, Laranjeira, Francisco E. R., Fortuna, Ana M., Soares, Ana R., Michaud, Vincent, Naudion, Sophie, Golla, Sailaja, Weaver, David D., Bird, Lynne M., Friedman, Jennifer, Clowes, Virginia, Joss, Shelagh, Pölsler, Laura, Campeau, Philippe M., Blazo, Maria, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Beetz, Christian, Powis, Zöe, McWalter, Kirsty, Brandt, Tracy, Torti, Erin, Mathot, Mikaël, Mohammad, Shekeeb S., Armstrong, Ruth, and Kalscheuer, Vera M.

Published
2023
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5. Author Correction: Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Wang, Tianyun, Hoekzema, Kendra, Vecchio, Davide, Wu, Huidan, Sulovari, Arvis, Coe, Bradley P, Gillentine, Madelyn A, Wilfert, Amy B, Perez-Jurado, Luis A, Kvarnung, Malin, Sleyp, Yoeri, Earl, Rachel K, Rosenfeld, Jill A, Geisheker, Madeleine R, Han, Lin, Du, Bing, Barnett, Chris, Thompson, Elizabeth, Shaw, Marie, Carroll, Renee, Friend, Kathryn, Catford, Rachael, Palmer, Elizabeth E, Zou, Xiaobing, Ou, Jianjun, Li, Honghui, Guo, Hui, Gerdts, Jennifer, Avola, Emanuela, Calabrese, Giuseppe, Elia, Maurizio, Greco, Donatella, Lindstrand, Anna, Nordgren, Ann, Anderlid, Britt-Marie, Vandeweyer, Geert, Van Dijck, Anke, Van der Aa, Nathalie, McKenna, Brooke, Hancarova, Miroslava, Bendova, Sarka, Havlovicova, Marketa, Malerba, Giovanni, Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla, Muglia, Pierandrea, van Haeringen, Arie, Hoffer, Mariette JV, Franke, Barbara, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Delatycki, Martin, Lockhart, Paul J, Manning, Melanie A, Liu, Pengfei, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Rommelse, Nanda, Amaral, David G, Santen, Gijs WE, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Sedláček, Zdeněk, Michaelson, Jacob J, Pierce, Karen, Courchesne, Eric, Kooy, R Frank, Nordenskjöld, Magnus, Romano, Corrado, Peeters, Hilde, Bernier, Raphael A, Gecz, Jozef, Xia, Kun, and Eichler, Evan E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, SPARK Consortium
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

6. Large-scale targeted sequencing identifies risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Wang, Tianyun, Hoekzema, Kendra, Vecchio, Davide, Wu, Huidan, Sulovari, Arvis, Coe, Bradley P, Gillentine, Madelyn A, Wilfert, Amy B, Perez-Jurado, Luis A, Kvarnung, Malin, Sleyp, Yoeri, Earl, Rachel K, Rosenfeld, Jill A, Geisheker, Madeleine R, Han, Lin, Du, Bing, Barnett, Chris, Thompson, Elizabeth, Shaw, Marie, Carroll, Renee, Friend, Kathryn, Catford, Rachael, Palmer, Elizabeth E, Zou, Xiaobing, Ou, Jianjun, Li, Honghui, Guo, Hui, Gerdts, Jennifer, Avola, Emanuela, Calabrese, Giuseppe, Elia, Maurizio, Greco, Donatella, Lindstrand, Anna, Nordgren, Ann, Anderlid, Britt-Marie, Vandeweyer, Geert, Van Dijck, Anke, Van der Aa, Nathalie, McKenna, Brooke, Hancarova, Miroslava, Bendova, Sarka, Havlovicova, Marketa, Malerba, Giovanni, Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla, Muglia, Pierandrea, van Haeringen, Arie, Hoffer, Mariette JV, Franke, Barbara, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Delatycki, Martin, Lockhart, Paul J, Manning, Melanie A, Liu, Pengfei, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Rommelse, Nanda, Amaral, David G, Santen, Gijs WE, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Sedláček, Zdeněk, Michaelson, Jacob J, Pierce, Karen, Courchesne, Eric, Kooy, R Frank, Nordenskjöld, Magnus, Romano, Corrado, Peeters, Hilde, Bernier, Raphael A, Gecz, Jozef, Xia, Kun, and Eichler, Evan E

Subjects
Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, CCCTC-Binding Factor, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, KCNQ3 Potassium Channel, Male, Mutation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, RNA-Binding Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Transcription Factors, SPARK Consortium
Abstract

Most genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) were identified with an excess of de novo mutations (DNMs) but the significance in case-control mutation burden analysis is unestablished. Here, we sequence 63 genes in 16,294 NDD cases and an additional 62 genes in 6,211 NDD cases. By combining these with published data, we assess a total of 125 genes in over 16,000 NDD cases and compare the mutation burden to nonpsychiatric controls from ExAC. We identify 48 genes (25 newly reported) showing significant burden of ultra-rare (MAF

Published
2020

8. ‘High hopes for treatment’: Australian stakeholder perspectives of the clinical translation of advanced neurotherapeutics for rare neurological diseases

Author

Nguyen, Christina Q., primary, Kariyawasam, Didu S. T., additional, Ngai, Tsz Shun Jason, additional, Nguyen, James, additional, Alba‐Concepcion, Kristine, additional, Grattan, Sarah E., additional, Palmer, Elizabeth E., additional, Hetherington, Kate, additional, Wakefield, Claire E., additional, Dale, Russell C., additional, Woolfenden, Sue, additional, Mohammad, Shekeeb, additional, and Farrar, Michelle A., additional

Published
2024
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11. De Novo Variants Disrupting the HX Repeat Motif of ATN1 Cause a Recognizable Non-Progressive Neurocognitive Syndrome

Author

Palmer, Elizabeth E, Hong, Seungbeom, Zahrani, Fatema Al, Hashem, Mais O, Aleisa, Fajr A, Ahmed, Heba M Jalal, Kandula, Tejaswi, Macintosh, Rebecca, Minoche, Andre E, Puttick, Clare, Gayevskiy, Velimir, Drew, Alexander P, Cowley, Mark J, Dinger, Marcel, Rosenfeld, Jill A, Xiao, Rui, Cho, Megan T, Yakubu, Suliat F, Henderson, Lindsay B, Sacoto, Maria J Guillen, Begtrup, Amber, Hamad, Muddathir, Shinawi, Marwan, Andrews, Marisa V, Jones, Marilyn C, Lindstrom, Kristin, Bristol, Ruth E, Kayani, Saima, Snyder, Molly, Villanueva, María Mercedes, Schteinschnaider, Angeles, Faivre, Laurence, Thauvin, Christel, Vitobello, Antonio, Roscioli, Tony, Kirk, Edwin P, Bye, Ann, Merzaban, Jasmeen, Jaremko, Łukasz, Jaremko, Mariusz, Sachdev, Rani K, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, and Arold, Stefan T

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Neurodegenerative, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Pediatric, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Amino Acid Motifs, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Infant, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurocognitive Disorders, Phenotype, Prognosis, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Syndrome, HX repeat, allelic disorders, developmental delay, dysmorphic, intellectual disability, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Polyglutamine expansions in the transcriptional co-repressor Atrophin-1, encoded by ATN1, cause the neurodegenerative condition dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) via a proposed novel toxic gain of function. We present detailed phenotypic information on eight unrelated individuals who have de novo missense and insertion variants within a conserved 16-amino-acid "HX repeat" motif of ATN1. Each of the affected individuals has severe cognitive impairment and hypotonia, a recognizable facial gestalt, and variable congenital anomalies. However, they lack the progressive symptoms typical of DRPLA neurodegeneration. To distinguish this subset of affected individuals from the DRPLA diagnosis, we suggest using the term CHEDDA (congenital hypotonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, digit abnormalities) to classify the condition. CHEDDA-related variants alter the particular structural features of the HX repeat motif, suggesting that CHEDDA results from perturbation of the structural and functional integrity of the HX repeat. We found several non-homologous human genes containing similar motifs of eight to 10 HX repeat sequences, including RERE, where disruptive variants in this motif have also been linked to a separate condition that causes neurocognitive and congenital anomalies. These findings suggest that perturbation of the HX motif might explain other Mendelian human conditions.

Published
2019

17. PIGG variant pathogenicity assessment reveals characteristic features within 19 families

Author

Tremblay-Laganière, Camille, Maroofian, Reza, Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai, Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor, Kirmani, Salman, Akbar, Fizza, Ibrahim, Shahnaz, Afroze, Bushra, Doosti, Mohammad, Ashrafzadeh, Farah, Babaei, Meisam, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Christoforou, Marilena, Sultan, Tipu, Ladda, Roger L., McLaughlin, Heather M., Truty, Rebecca, Mahida, Sonal, Cohen, Julie S., Baranano, Kristin, Ismail, Fatima Y., Patel, Millan S., Lehman, Anna, Edmondson, Andrew C., Nagy, Amanda, Walker, Melissa A., Mercimek-Andrews, Saadet, Maki, Yuta, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Mancini, Grazia M. S., Barakat, Tahsin Stefan, Steinfeld, Robert, Rüsch, Christina T., Stettner, Georg M., Wagner, Matias, Wortmann, Saskia B., Kini, Usha, Brady, Angela F., Stals, Karen L., Ismayilova, Naila, Ellard, Sian, Bernardo, Danilo, Nugent, Kimberly, McLean, Scott D., Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Houlden, Henry, Kinoshita, Taroh, Campeau, Philippe M., and Murakami, Yoshiko

Published
2021
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21. Quality of life in caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Author

Robertson, Eden G., Kelada, Lauren, Best, Stephanie, Goranitis, Ilias, Pierce, Kristine, Roberts, Natalie J, Sachdev, Rani, Le Marne, Fleur, Macintosh, Rebecca, Beavis, Erin, Bye, Annie, and Palmer, Elizabeth E.

Subjects
QUALITY of life, CHILDREN with epilepsy, CAREGIVERS, HEALTH literacy, BRAIN diseases, SERVICES for caregivers
Abstract

Aim: To explore the relationship between social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) for caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE; such as SCN2A and Dravet syndrome) and health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation. Method: As part of a larger pre‐post pilot study of an information linker service, caregivers completed a baseline questionnaire which included demographics and measures to assess SCrQoL, health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation. We used Spearman's Rho to determine relationships between variables. Results: Seventy‐two caregivers completed the questionnaire. Total SCrQoL varied widely, ranging from an 'ideal state' to 'high needs state'. Caregivers most frequently reported high needs regarding doing activities they enjoy and looking after themselves. Total SCrQoL was correlated with cognitive (r[70] = −0.414, p < 0.000) and emotional representations of illness (r[70] = −0.503, p < 0.000), but not coherence (r = −0.075, p = 0.529). Total SCrQoL was not correlated with health literacy (r[70] = 0.125, p = 0.295) or caregiver activation (r[70] = 0.181, p = 0.127). Interpretation: Future research should explore whether interventions that help caregivers cognitively reframe the negative experiences of having a child with a DEE, and support them to partake in activities they enjoy, boost their SCrQoL. What this paper adds: Caregiver social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) varied widely, from 'ideal state' to 'high needs state'.Most common high needs were doing enjoyable activities and self‐care.Caregivers with higher SCrQoL may perceive their child's illness as less threatening.SCrQoL does not appear to be related to caregiver activation in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. De novo and biallelic DEAF1 variants cause a phenotypic spectrum

Author

Nabais Sá, Maria J., Jensik, Philip J., McGee, Stacey R., Parker, Michael J., Lahiri, Nayana, McNeil, Evan P., Kroes, Hester Y., Hagerman, Randi J., Harrison, Rachel E., Montgomery, Tara, Splitt, Miranda, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Sachdev, Rani K., Mefford, Heather C., Scott, Abbey A., Martinez-Agosto, Julian A., Lorenz, Rüdiger, Orenstein, Naama, Berg, Jonathan N., Amiel, Jeanne, Heron, Delphine, Keren, Boris, Cobben, Jan-Maarten, Menke, Leonie A., Marco, Elysa J., Graham, Jr, John M., Pierson, Tyler Mark, Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor, Maroofian, Reza, Manzini, M. Chiara, Cauley, Edmund S., Colombo, Roberto, Odent, Sylvie, Dubourg, Christele, Phornphutkul, Chanika, de Brouwer, Arjan P. M., de Vries, Bert B. A., and Vulto-vanSilfhout, Anneke T.

Published
2019
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24. Variants in TCF20 in neurodevelopmental disability: description of 27 new patients and review of literature

Author

Torti, Erin, Keren, Boris, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Zhu, Zehua, Afenjar, Alexandra, Anderson, Ilse. J., Andrews, Marisa V., Atkinson, Celia, Au, Margaret, Berry, Susan A., Bowling, Kevin M., Boyle, Jackie, Buratti, Julien, Cathey, Sara S., Charles, Perrine, Cogne, Benjamin, Courtin, Thomas, Escobar, Luis F., Finley, Sabra Ledare, Graham, Jr., John M., Grange, Dorothy K., Heron, Delphine, Hewson, Stacy, Hiatt, Susan M., Hibbs, Kathleen A., Jayakar, Parul, Kalsner, Louisa, Larcher, Lise, Lesca, Gaetan, Mark, Paul R., Miller, Kathryn, Nava, Caroline, Nizon, Mathilde, Pai, G. Shashidhar, Pappas, John, Parsons, Gretchen, Payne, Katelyn, Putoux, Audrey, Rabin, Rachel, Sabatier, Isabelle, Shinawi, Marwan, Shur, Natasha, Skinner, Steven A., Valence, Stephanie, Warren, Hannah, Whalen, Sandra, Crunk, Amy, Douglas, Ganka, Monaghan, Kristin G., Person, Richard E., Willaert, Rebecca, Solomon, Benjamin D., and Juusola, Jane

Published
2019
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25. De novo variants in the RNU4-2snRNA cause a frequent neurodevelopmental syndrome

Author

Chen, Yuyang, Dawes, Ruebena, Kim, Hyung Chul, Ljungdahl, Alicia, Stenton, Sarah L., Walker, Susan, Lord, Jenny, Lemire, Gabrielle, Martin-Geary, Alexandra C., Ganesh, Vijay S., Ma, Jialan, Ellingford, Jamie M., Delage, Erwan, D’Souza, Elston N., Dong, Shan, Adams, David R., Allan, Kirsten, Bakshi, Madhura, Baldwin, Erin E., Berger, Seth I., Bernstein, Jonathan A., Bhatnagar, Ishita, Blair, Ed, Brown, Natasha J., Burrage, Lindsay C., Chapman, Kimberly, Coman, David J., Compton, Alison G., Cunningham, Chloe A., D’Souza, Precilla, Danecek, Petr, Délot, Emmanuèle C., Dias, Kerith-Rae, Elias, Ellen R., Elmslie, Frances, Evans, Care-Anne, Ewans, Lisa, Ezell, Kimberly, Fraser, Jamie L., Gallacher, Lyndon, Genetti, Casie A., Goriely, Anne, Grant, Christina L., Haack, Tobias, Higgs, Jenny E., Hinch, Anjali G., Hurles, Matthew E., Kuechler, Alma, Lachlan, Katherine L., Lalani, Seema R., Lecoquierre, François, Leitão, Elsa, Fevre, Anna Le, Leventer, Richard J., Liebelt, Jan E., Lindsay, Sarah, Lockhart, Paul J., Ma, Alan S., Macnamara, Ellen F., Mansour, Sahar, Maurer, Taylor M., Mendez, Hector R., Metcalfe, Kay, Montgomery, Stephen B., Moosajee, Mariya, Nassogne, Marie-Cécile, Neumann, Serena, O’Donoghue, Michael, O’Leary, Melanie, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Pattani, Nikhil, Phillips, John, Pitsava, Georgia, Pysar, Ryan, Rehm, Heidi L., Reuter, Chloe M., Revencu, Nicole, Riess, Angelika, Rius, Rocio, Rodan, Lance, Roscioli, Tony, Rosenfeld, Jill A., Sachdev, Rani, Shaw-Smith, Charles J., Simons, Cas, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Snell, Penny, St Clair, Laura, Stark, Zornitza, Stewart, Helen S., Tan, Tiong Yang, Tan, Natalie B., Temple, Suzanna E. L., Thorburn, David R., Tifft, Cynthia J., Uebergang, Eloise, VanNoy, Grace E., Vasudevan, Pradeep, Vilain, Eric, Viskochil, David H., Wedd, Laura, Wheeler, Matthew T., White, Susan M., Wojcik, Monica, Wolfe, Lynne A., Wolfenson, Zoe, Wright, Caroline F., Xiao, Changrui, Zocche, David, Rubenstein, John L., Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Eirene, Fica, Sebastian M., Baralle, Diana, Depienne, Christel, MacArthur, Daniel G., Howson, Joanna M. M., Sanders, Stephan J., O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, and Whiffin, Nicola

Abstract

Around 60% of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) remain undiagnosed after comprehensive genetic testing, primarily of protein-coding genes1. Large genome-sequenced cohorts are improving our ability to discover new diagnoses in the non-coding genome. Here we identify the non-coding RNA RNU4-2as a syndromic NDD gene. RNU4-2encodes the U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), which is a critical component of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex of the major spliceosome2. We identify an 18 base pair region of RNU4-2mapping to two structural elements in the U4/U6 snRNA duplex (the T-loop and stem III) that is severely depleted of variation in the general population, but in which we identify heterozygous variants in 115 individuals with NDD. Most individuals (77.4%) have the same highly recurrent single base insertion (n.64_65insT). In 54 individuals in whom it could be determined, the de novo variants were all on the maternal allele. We demonstrate that RNU4-2is highly expressed in the developing human brain, in contrast to RNU4-1and other U4 homologues. Using RNA sequencing, we show how 5′ splice-site use is systematically disrupted in individuals with RNU4-2variants, consistent with the known role of this region during spliceosome activation. Finally, we estimate that variants in this 18 base pair region explain 0.4% of individuals with NDD. This work underscores the importance of non-coding genes in rare disorders and will provide a diagnosis to thousands of individuals with NDD worldwide.

Published
2024
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28. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition

Author

Palmer, Elizabeth E., primary, Pusch, Michael, additional, Picollo, Alessandra, additional, Forwood, Caitlin, additional, Nguyen, Matthew H., additional, Suckow, Vanessa, additional, Gibbons, Jessica, additional, Hoff, Alva, additional, Sigfrid, Lisa, additional, Megarbane, Andre, additional, Nizon, Mathilde, additional, Cogné, Benjamin, additional, Beneteau, Claire, additional, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., additional, Chedrawi, Aziza, additional, Hashem, Mais O., additional, Stamberger, Hannah, additional, Weckhuysen, Sarah, additional, Vanlander, Arnaud, additional, Ceulemans, Berten, additional, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, additional, Nunn, Kenneth, additional, Arpin, Stéphanie, additional, Raynaud, Martine, additional, Motter, Constance S., additional, Ward-Melver, Catherine, additional, Janssens, Katrien, additional, Meuwissen, Marije, additional, Beysen, Diane, additional, Dikow, Nicola, additional, Grimmel, Mona, additional, Haack, Tobias B., additional, Clement, Emma, additional, McTague, Amy, additional, Hunt, David, additional, Townshend, Sharron, additional, Ward, Michelle, additional, Richards, Linda J., additional, Simons, Cas, additional, Costain, Gregory, additional, Dupuis, Lucie, additional, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, additional, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, additional, Boyle, Jackie, additional, Saunders, Carol, additional, Fleming, Emily, additional, El Chehadeh, Salima, additional, Spitz, Marie-Aude, additional, Piton, Amelie, additional, Gerard, Bénédicte, additional, Abi Warde, Marie-Thérèse, additional, Rea, Gillian, additional, McKenna, Caoimhe, additional, Douzgou, Sofia, additional, Banka, Siddharth, additional, Akman, Cigdem, additional, Bain, Jennifer M., additional, Sands, Tristan T., additional, Wilson, Golder N., additional, Silvertooth, Erin J., additional, Miller, Lauren, additional, Lederer, Damien, additional, Sachdev, Rani, additional, Macintosh, Rebecca, additional, Monestier, Olivier, additional, Karadurmus, Deniz, additional, Collins, Felicity, additional, Carter, Melissa, additional, Rohena, Luis, additional, Willemsen, Marjolein H., additional, Ockeloen, Charlotte W., additional, Pfundt, Rolph, additional, Kroft, Sanne D., additional, Field, Michael, additional, Laranjeira, Francisco E. R., additional, Fortuna, Ana M., additional, Soares, Ana R., additional, Michaud, Vincent, additional, Naudion, Sophie, additional, Golla, Sailaja, additional, Weaver, David D., additional, Bird, Lynne M., additional, Friedman, Jennifer, additional, Clowes, Virginia, additional, Joss, Shelagh, additional, Pölsler, Laura, additional, Campeau, Philippe M., additional, Blazo, Maria, additional, Bijlsma, Emilia K., additional, Rosenfeld, Jill A., additional, Beetz, Christian, additional, Powis, Zöe, additional, McWalter, Kirsty, additional, Brandt, Tracy, additional, Torti, Erin, additional, Mathot, Mikaël, additional, Mohammad, Shekeeb S., additional, Armstrong, Ruth, additional, and Kalscheuer, Vera M., additional

Published
2022
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29. ‘Advocacy groups are the connectors’: Experiences and contributions of rare disease patient organization leaders in advanced neurotherapeutics

Author

Nguyen, Christina Q., primary, Kariyawasam, Didu, additional, Alba‐Concepcion, Kristine, additional, Grattan, Sarah, additional, Hetherington, Kate, additional, Wakefield, Claire E., additional, Woolfenden, Susan, additional, Dale, Russell C., additional, Palmer, Elizabeth E., additional, and Farrar, Michelle A., additional

Published
2022
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30. Acceptability and feasibility of an online information linker service for caregivers who have a child with genetic epilepsy: a mixed-method pilot study protocol

Author

Robertson, Eden G, primary, Kelada, Lauren, additional, Best, Stephanie, additional, Goranitis, I, additional, Grainger, Natalie, additional, Le Marne, Fleur, additional, Pierce, Kristine, additional, Nevin, Suzanne M, additional, Macintosh, Rebecca, additional, Beavis, Erin, additional, Sachdev, Rani, additional, Bye, Annie, additional, and Palmer, Elizabeth E, additional

Published
2022
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34. Exome sequencing for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in clinical practice.

Author

Scheffer, Ingrid E., Bennett, Caitlin A., Gill, Deepak, de Silva, Michelle G., Boggs, Kirsten, Marum, Justine, Baker, Naomi, Palmer, Elizabeth E., Howell, Katherine B., Andrews, Ian, Antony, Jayne, Ardern‐Holmes, Simone, Bye, Ann M, Cardamone, Michael, Chelakkadan, Shabeed, Clark, Damian, Curnow, Sarah R, Dabscheck, Gabriel, Fahey, Michael C, and Freeman, Jeremy L

Subjects
PEOPLE with epilepsy, GENOMICS, MOLECULAR diagnosis, CHILD care, CLINICAL medicine, EPILEPSY, PSYCHOGENIC nonepileptic seizures
Abstract

Aim: To assess the clinical utility of exome sequencing for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Method: Over 2 years, patients with DEEs were recruited for singleton exome sequencing. Parental segregation was performed where indicated. Results: Of the 103 patients recruited (54 males, 49 females; aged 2 weeks–17 years), the genetic aetiology was identified in 36 out of 103 (35%) with management implications in 13 out of 36. Exome sequencing revealed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 30 out of 103 (29%) patients, variants of unknown significance in 39 out of 103 (38%), and 34 out of 103 (33%) were negative on exome analysis. After the description of new genetic diseases, a molecular diagnosis was subsequently made for six patients or through newly available high‐density chromosomal microarray testing. Interpretation: We demonstrate the utility of exome sequencing in routine clinical care of children with DEEs. We highlight that molecular diagnosis often leads to changes in management and informs accurate prognostic and reproductive counselling. Our findings reinforce the need for ongoing analysis of genomic data to identify the aetiology in patients in whom the cause is unknown. The implementation of genomic testing in the care of children with DEEs should become routine in clinical practice. What this paper adds: The cause was identified in 35% of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and STXBP1 were the most frequently identified genes.Reanalysis of genomic data found the cause in an additional six patients.Genetic aetiology was identified in 41% of children with seizure onset under 2 years, compared to 18% with older onset.Finding the molecular cause led to management changes in 36% of patients with DEEs. What this paper adds: The cause was identified in 35% of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and STXBP1 were the most frequently identified genes.Reanalysis of genomic data found the cause in an additional six patients.Genetic aetiology was identified in 41% of children with seizure onset under 2 years, compared to 18% with older onset.Finding the molecular cause led to management changes in 36% of patients with DEEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. Standardized practices for RNA diagnostics using clinically accessible specimens reclassifies 75% of putative splicing variants

Author

Bournazos, Adam M., primary, Riley, Lisa G., additional, Bommireddipalli, Shobhana, additional, Ades, Lesley, additional, Akesson, Lauren S., additional, Al-Shinnag, Mohammad, additional, Alexander, Stephen I., additional, Archibald, Alison D., additional, Balasubramaniam, Shanti, additional, Berman, Yemima, additional, Beshay, Victoria, additional, Boggs, Kirsten, additional, Bojadzieva, Jasmina, additional, Brown, Natasha J., additional, Bryen, Samantha J., additional, Buckley, Michael F., additional, Chong, Belinda, additional, Davis, Mark R., additional, Dawes, Ruebena, additional, Delatycki, Martin, additional, Donaldson, Liz, additional, Downie, Lilian, additional, Edwards, Caitlin, additional, Edwards, Matthew, additional, Engel, Amanda, additional, Ewans, Lisa J., additional, Faiz, Fathimath, additional, Fennell, Andrew, additional, Field, Michael, additional, Freckmann, Mary-Louise, additional, Gallacher, Lyndon, additional, Gear, Russell, additional, Goel, Himanshu, additional, Goh, Shuxiang, additional, Goodwin, Linda, additional, Hanna, Bernadette, additional, Harraway, James, additional, Higgins, Megan, additional, Ho, Gladys, additional, Hopper, Bruce K., additional, Horton, Ari E., additional, Hunter, Matthew F., additional, Huq, Aamira J., additional, Josephi-Taylor, Sarah, additional, Joshi, Himanshu, additional, Kirk, Edwin, additional, Krzesinski, Emma, additional, Kumar, Kishore R., additional, Lemckert, Frances, additional, Leventer, Richard J., additional, Lindsey-Temple, Suzanna E., additional, Lunke, Sebastian, additional, Ma, Alan, additional, Macaskill, Steven, additional, Mallawaarachchi, Amali, additional, Marty, Melanie, additional, Marum, Justine E., additional, McCarthy, Hugh J., additional, Menezes, Manoj P., additional, McLean, Alison, additional, Milnes, Di, additional, Mohammad, Shekeeb, additional, Mowat, David, additional, Niaz, Aram, additional, Palmer, Elizabeth E., additional, Patel, Chirag, additional, Patel, Shilpan G., additional, Phelan, Dean, additional, Pinner, Jason R., additional, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, additional, Regan, Matthew, additional, Rodgers, Jonathan, additional, Rodrigues, Miriam, additional, Roxburgh, Richard H., additional, Sachdev, Rani, additional, Roscioli, Tony, additional, Samarasekera, Ruvishani, additional, Sandaradura, Sarah A., additional, Savva, Elena, additional, Schindler, Tim, additional, Shah, Margit, additional, Sinnerbrink, Ingrid B., additional, Smith, Janine M., additional, Smith, Richard J., additional, Springer, Amanda, additional, Stark, Zornitza, additional, Strom, Samuel P., additional, Sue, Carolyn M., additional, Tan, Kenneth, additional, Tan, Tiong Y., additional, Tantsis, Esther, additional, Tchan, Michel C., additional, Thompson, Bryony A., additional, Trainer, Alison H., additional, van Spaendonck-Zwarts, Karin, additional, Walsh, Rebecca, additional, Warwick, Linda, additional, White, Stephanie, additional, White, Susan M., additional, Williams, Mark G., additional, Wilson, Meredith J., additional, Wong, Wui Kwan, additional, Wright, Dale C., additional, Yap, Patrick, additional, Yeung, Alison, additional, Young, Helen, additional, Jones, Kristi J., additional, Bennetts, Bruce, additional, Cooper, Sandra T., additional, Abdulrasool, Ghusoon, additional, Al Eryani, Ghamdan, additional, Arts, Peer, additional, Bagnall, Richard, additional, Baker, Naomi L., additional, Barnett, Christopher, additional, Beecroft, Sarah, additional, Berbic, Marina, additional, Black, Michael, additional, Blackburn, Jim, additional, Blombery, Piers, additional, Bournazos, Adam M., additional, Branford, Susan, additional, Breen, Jimmy, additional, Burnett, Leslie, additional, Canson, Daffodil, additional, Cheong, Pak, additional, Chew, Edward, additional, Christodoulou, John, additional, Chung, Seo-Kyung, additional, Clark, Mike, additional, Cliffe, Corrina, additional, Cole, Melissa, additional, Collins, Felicity, additional, Compton, Alison, additional, Cooper, Antony, additional, Corbett, Mark, additional, Cowley, Mark, additional, Dudding, Tracy, additional, Eggers, Stefanie, additional, Eyras, Eduardo, additional, Fernandez, Miriam Fanjul, additional, Fellowes, Andrew, additional, Fleischer, Ron, additional, Folland, Chiara, additional, Fox, Lucy, additional, Gaff, Clara, additional, Galea, Melanie, additional, Ghaoui, Roula, additional, Gornanitis, Ilias, additional, Ha, Thuong, additional, Hayashi, Rippei, additional, Hayes, Ian, additional, Henderson, Alex, additional, Hesson, Luke, additional, Heyer, Erin, additional, Hildebrand, Michael, additional, Hipwell, Michael, additional, Hoskins, Cass, additional, Jackson, Matilda, additional, James, Paul, additional, Wong, Justin Jong-Leong, additional, Kassahn, Karin, additional, Kaub, Peter, additional, Kevin, Lucy, additional, Kumble, Smitha, additional, Kummerfeld, Sarah, additional, Laing, Nigel, additional, Lau, Chiyan, additional, Lee, Eric, additional, Leighton, Sarah, additional, Lundie, Ben, additional, Mayoh, Chelsea, additional, McGaughran, Julie, additional, McPhillips, Mary, additional, Meldrum, Cliff, additional, Middleton, Edwina, additional, Mina, Kym, additional, Nisselle, Amy, additional, Oates, Emily, additional, Oshlack, Alicia, additional, Parasivam, Gayathri, additional, Parsons, Michael, additional, Quinn, Michael, additional, Rasko, John, additional, Ravenscroft, Gina, additional, Ravine, Anja, additional, Recsei, Krista, additional, Rehn, Jacqueline, additional, Robertson, Stephen, additional, Ronan, Anne, additional, Ryland, Georgina, additional, Sadedin, Simon, additional, Schreiber, Andreas, additional, Scott, Hamish, additional, Scott, Rodney, additional, Semsarian, Christopher, additional, Simons, Cas, additional, Singer, Emma, additional, Smyth, Renee, additional, Spurdle, Amanda, additional, Sullivan, Patricia, additional, Sundercombe, Samantha, additional, Thorburn, David, additional, Toubia, John, additional, Trent, Ronald, additional, Tudini, Emma, additional, Voneague, Irina, additional, Waddell, Leigh, additional, Walker, Logan, additional, Wallis, Mathew, additional, Warnock, Nick, additional, Weatheritt, Robert, additional, White, Deborah, additional, Winship, Ingrid, additional, Worgan, Lisa, additional, Wu, Kathy, additional, and Ziolowski, Andrew, additional

Published
2022
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38. Siblings of young people with chronic illness: Caring responsibilities and psychosocial functioning.

Author

Kelada, Lauren, Wakefield, Claire E, Drew, Donna, Ooi, Chee Y., Palmer, Elizabeth E, Bye, Ann, De Marchi, Sandra, Jaffe, Adam, and Kennedy, Sean

Abstract

Siblings of young people with chronic illness commonly undertake caring responsibilities for their affected brother/sister, which may encourage maturation, yet may also be perceived as a burden. Our study determined (1) siblings' caring responsibilities, (2) siblings' current emotional distress and psychosocial functioning, and (3) how siblings' caring responsibilities and psychosocial functioning related to familial relationships and coping strategies. Siblings completed questionnaires which contained Sibling Inventory of Behavior, Sibling Inventory of Differential Experiences, PedsQL, emotion thermometers, Brief COPE, and a checklist of caregiving responsibilities. We analyzed the data with t -tests and multi-level models. Forty-five siblings (mean age = 15.40 years, SD = 3.31 years; 60.0% female) participated. Siblings who had caring responsibilities (n = 26, 57.8%) reported lower anxiety symptoms, lower need for help, greater use of problem-focused coping, and more companionship and teaching/directiveness with their affected brother/sister than siblings without caring responsibilities. Siblings reported lower psychosocial and physical functioning when they perceived their parents provided them with less affection than their affected brother/sister. Family-based psychosocial interventions may aim to improve the sibling–parent relationship (including expressing affection) and the sibling–sibling relationship. Future interventions may also focus on increasing siblings' use of problem-focused coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. CHEDDA syndrome is an underrecognized neurodevelopmental disorder with a highly restricted ATN1 mutation spectrum

Author

Palmer, Elizabeth E., primary, Whitton, Chloe, additional, Hashem, Mais O., additional, Clark, Robin D., additional, Ramanathan, Subhadra, additional, Starr, Lois J., additional, Velasco, Danita, additional, De Dios, John Karl, additional, Singh, Emily, additional, Cormier‐Daire, Valerie, additional, Chopra, Maya, additional, Rodan, Lance H., additional, Nellaker, Christoffer, additional, Lakhani, Shenela, additional, Mallack, Eric J., additional, Panzer, Karin, additional, Sidhu, Alpa, additional, Wentzensen, Ingrid M., additional, Lacombe, Didier, additional, Michaud, Vincent, additional, and Alkuraya, Fowzan S., additional

Published
2021
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42. sj-pdf-1-chc-10.1177_13674935211033466 – Supplemental Material for Siblings of young people with chronic illness: Caring responsibilities and psychosocial functioning

Author

Kelada, Lauren, Wakefield, Claire E, Drew, Donna, Ooi, Chee Y., Palmer, Elizabeth E, Bye, Ann, De Marchi, Sandra, Jaffe, Adam, and Kennedy, Sean

Subjects
111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified, 111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 111403 Paediatrics
Abstract

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-chc-10.1177_13674935211033466 for Siblings of young people with chronic illness: Caring responsibilities and psychosocial functioning by Lauren Kelada, Claire E Wakefield, Donna Drew, Chee Y. Ooi, Elizabeth E Palmer, Ann Bye, Sandra De Marchi, Adam Jaffe and Sean Kennedy in Journal of Child Health Care

Published
2021
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43. Different types of disease‐causing noncoding variants revealed by genomic and gene expression analyses in families with X‐linked intellectual disability

Author

Field, Michael J., primary, Kumar, Raman, additional, Hackett, Anna, additional, Kayumi, Sayaka, additional, Shoubridge, Cheryl A., additional, Ewans, Lisa J., additional, Ivancevic, Atma M., additional, Dudding‐Byth, Tracy, additional, Carroll, Renée, additional, Kroes, Thessa, additional, Gardner, Alison E., additional, Sullivan, Patricia, additional, Ha, Thuong T., additional, Schwartz, Charles E., additional, Cowley, Mark J., additional, Dinger, Marcel E., additional, Palmer, Elizabeth E., additional, Christie, Louise, additional, Shaw, Marie, additional, Roscioli, Tony, additional, Gecz, Jozef, additional, and Corbett, Mark A., additional

Published
2021
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44. RLIM Is a Candidate Dosage-Sensitive Gene for Individuals with Varying Duplications of Xq13, Intellectual Disability, and Distinct Facial Features

Author

Palmer, Elizabeth E., primary, Carroll, Renee, additional, Shaw, Marie, additional, Kumar, Raman, additional, Minoche, Andre E., additional, Leffler, Melanie, additional, Murray, Lucinda, additional, Macintosh, Rebecca, additional, Wright, Dale, additional, Troedson, Chris, additional, McKenzie, Fiona, additional, Townshend, Sharron, additional, Ward, Michelle, additional, Nawaz, Urwah, additional, Ravine, Anja, additional, Runke, Cassandra K., additional, Thorland, Erik C., additional, Hummel, Marybeth, additional, Foulds, Nicola, additional, Pichon, Olivier, additional, Isidor, Bertrand, additional, Le Caignec, Cédric, additional, Demeer, Bénédicte, additional, Andrieux, Joris, additional, Albarazi, Salam Hadah, additional, Bye, Ann, additional, Sachdev, Rani, additional, Kirk, Edwin P., additional, Cowley, Mark J., additional, Field, Mike, additional, and Gecz, Jozef, additional

Published
2020
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45. Psychosocial impact of genetic testing on parents of children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Author

Nevin, Suzanne M, Wakefield, Claire E, Barlow‐Stewart, Kristine, McGill, Brittany C, Bye, Ann, Palmer, Elizabeth E, Dale, Russell C, Gill, Deepak, Kothur, Kavitha, Boggs, Kirsten, Le Marne, Fleur, Beavis, Erin, Macintosh, Rebecca, and Sachdev, Rani

Subjects
GENETIC testing, PARENTS, CHILDREN with epilepsy, QUALITY of life, BRAIN diseases, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress
Abstract

Aim: To investigate the psychosocial impact of genetic testing for childhood‐onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) in order to identify parents' information and support needs. Method: In this mixed‐methods study, we conducted in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with parents (n=25) of children, recruited from the Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Australia, who had received genetic testing. Thematic saturation was reached; interviews were transcribed, deidentified, line‐by‐line coded, and thematically analysed by three coders, using an inductive approach. We also quantitatively assessed the impact of genetic testing on quality of life outcomes and parents' satisfaction with genetics services. Results: Qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed that compassionate genetic counselling and consistent clinician–parent partnerships facilitated parents' capacity to process their child's genetic diagnosis. Parents believed that a sparsity of diagnosis‐specific information to contextualize their child's genetic DEE, combined with limited psychosocial resources to support coping with ongoing prognostic uncertainty, contributed to chronic psychological stress. Access to diagnosis‐specific resources and peer support was considered necessary to support parents in communicating their child's genetic DEE and to reduce social isolation. Interpretation: Integrated psychosocial resources, including tailored psychological supports, diagnosis‐specific information, and peer‐to‐peer supports, are priority areas to complement genetic services. podcast : (https://youtu.be/3tFjqndfQuI) This original article is commented by Tumiene on page 13 of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. ATP1A2- and ATP1A3-associated early profound epileptic encephalopathy and polymicrogyria.

Author

Vetro, Annalisa, Nielsen, Hang N, Holm, Rikke, Hevner, Robert F, Parrini, Elena, Powis, Zoe, Møller, Rikke S, Bellan, Cristina, Simonati, Alessandro, Lesca, Gaétan, Helbig, Katherine L, Palmer, Elizabeth E, Mei, Davide, Ballardini, Elisa, Haeringen, Arie Van, Syrbe, Steffen, Leuzzi, Vincenzo, Cioni, Giovanni, Curry, Cynthia J, and Costain, Gregory

Subjects
EPILEPSY, HEMIPLEGIA, MIGRAINE aura, CELL survival, HYDROPS fetalis, CEREBRAL atrophy, CEREBELLAR ataxia, RESEARCH, BRAIN diseases, GENETIC mutation, ANIMAL experimentation, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, NEURAL development, ADENOSINE triphosphatase, COMPARATIVE studies, GENOTYPES, CEREBRAL cortex abnormalities, PHENOTYPES
Abstract

Constitutional heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2 and ATP1A3, encoding for two distinct isoforms of the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) alpha-subunit, have been associated with familial hemiplegic migraine (ATP1A2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (ATP1A2/A3), rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia-areflexia-progressive optic atrophy, and relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia (all ATP1A3). A few reports have described single individuals with heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2/A3 associated with severe childhood epilepsies. Early lethal hydrops fetalis, arthrogryposis, microcephaly, and polymicrogyria have been associated with homozygous truncating mutations in ATP1A2. We investigated the genetic causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies variably associated with malformations of cortical development in a large cohort and identified 22 patients with de novo or inherited heterozygous ATP1A2/A3 mutations. We characterized clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological findings, performed in silico and in vitro assays of the mutations' effects on the NKA-pump function, and studied genotype-phenotype correlations. Twenty-two patients harboured 19 distinct heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2 (six patients, five mutations) and ATP1A3 (16 patients, 14 mutations, including a mosaic individual). Polymicrogyria occurred in 10 (45%) patients, showing a mainly bilateral perisylvian pattern. Most patients manifested early, often neonatal, onset seizures with a multifocal or migrating pattern. A distinctive, 'profound' phenotype, featuring polymicrogyria or progressive brain atrophy and epilepsy, resulted in early lethality in seven patients (32%). In silico evaluation predicted all mutations to be detrimental. We tested 14 mutations in transfected COS-1 cells and demonstrated impaired NKA-pump activity, consistent with severe loss of function. Genotype-phenotype analysis suggested a link between the most severe phenotypes and lack of COS-1 cell survival, and also revealed a wide continuum of severity distributed across mutations that variably impair NKA-pump activity. We performed neuropathological analysis of the whole brain in two individuals with polymicrogyria respectively related to a heterozygous ATP1A3 mutation and a homozygous ATP1A2 mutation and found close similarities with findings suggesting a mainly neural pathogenesis, compounded by vascular and leptomeningeal abnormalities. Combining our report with other studies, we estimate that ∼5% of mutations in ATP1A2 and 12% in ATP1A3 can be associated with the severe and novel phenotypes that we describe here. Notably, a few of these mutations were associated with more than one phenotype. These findings assign novel, 'profound' and early lethal phenotypes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and polymicrogyria to the phenotypic spectrum associated with heterozygous ATP1A2/A3 mutations and indicate that severely impaired NKA pump function can disrupt brain morphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Significantly Elevated FMR1 mRNA and Mosaicism for Methylated Premutation and Full Mutation Alleles in Two Brothers with Autism Features Referred for Fragile X Testing

Author

Field, Michael, primary, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, additional, Arpone, Marta, additional, Baker, Emma K., additional, Aliaga, Solange M., additional, Rogers, Carolyn, additional, Hickerton, Chriselle, additional, Francis, David, additional, Phelan, Dean G., additional, Palmer, Elizabeth E., additional, Amor, David J., additional, Slater, Howard, additional, Bretherton, Lesley, additional, Ling, Ling, additional, and Godler, David E., additional

Published
2019
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