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The article tips and advice for qualitative researchers in psychology on how they can maintain their well-being since their work is cognitively demanding and is uniquely challenging. It includes avoid comparing self to others and having the confidence of their work, preparing for interviews by doing pilot interviews with colleagues, and creating realistic expectations since qualitative work is lengthy and takes time.

Although issues related to the role of librarians have long been discussed in the literature on academic librarianship, there has been little attempt to incorporate the extensive psychological theory and research on role-related issues. In the current article we review the empirical literature on the role of librarians, with a particular focus on the link between role-related issues and job stress, recruitment and selection, and training and development. We then discuss relevant psychological theory and research in these areas, and we conclude with a recommendation for more collaborative efforts between research psychologists and scholars in the field of librarianship. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite some limitations, Cronbach's coefficient alpha remains the most widely used measure of scale reliability. The purpose of this article was to empirically document the magnitudes of alpha coefficients obtained in behavioral research, compare these obtained values with guidelines and recommendations set forth by individuals such as Nunnally (1967, 1978), and provide insights into research design characteristics that may influence the size of coefficient alpha. Average reported alpha coefficients ranged from .70 for values and beliefs to .82 for job satisfaction. With few exceptions, there were no substantive relationships between the magnitude of coefficient alpha and the research design characteristics investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports one "spin-off" from the basic technology of sensitivity training, which is now widely used for inducing attitudinal and behavioral change in organizations. Changes in attitudes of members of a complex business organization are reported in this paper, and they support the value of the "confrontation design." Similar results have been obtained in other business and government settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The titles and authors of 33 well-known and widely cited articles and books related to behavioral scientists' contributions to business management were sent to 200 top executives. They were asked to indicate which they had heard of, actually read, and used in their management jobs. Results show a marked discontinuity between contributions regarded most highly by industrial psychologists and those viewed as significant and useful by the executives replying to the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about coexistence of scientists and philosophers in physical education related to research on human movement. The researcher Thomson embraces the scientific and philosophical approaches in understanding the human movement in physical education. He says that scientific research is more focused on getting into a meaningful act. He says meaning and structure could be possible in sport activities where more than one skills are involved. He argues that despite of claiming integration of mind and body in skills and experience, the traditional researchers have divided the major courses in twp parts. The first one is theory and the other one is skills. The article author says that the scientific and philosophic theories don't require the students to perform sporting and dance movements. The author says that students and teacher would not have any on common ground either in the humanities or sciences without the experimental vocabulary and movement skills. The author says that there could be a legitimate arguments against those philosophers who include scientific research in their physical educational theories.

The article discusses problems related to drawing of valid inferences from the data of various social psychology research. Traditionally the problem of experimental contamination was given much attention by the textbooks and journals, warning the researcher of subtle and difficult problems and suggesting stringent solutions. A new set of problems and considerations for the researcher were underscored by recent developments in the social psychological area of experimentation. Concern now is directed to the nature of the interaction between experimenter and subject and to how subject performance may be affected by unintentional experimenter influence. Contamination, unintended or deliberately contrived, occur throughout the literature. Such illustrations can serve as instructive warnings to the prospective researcher of the fatal dangers if contamination problems are not considered and reasonable controls devised. The primary sources of social contamination take three broad forms prior manipulation, experimenter influence and the attitudes of the subject.

The article discusses problems related to the use of volunteer subjects in behavioral research. All research behavioral or otherwise, must be concerned with maintaining precisely specifiable experimental conditions in order to provide useful information. These conditions involve variables which are neither constant nor specifiable and which may operate in very subtle ways to influence the particular behavior under study. This perhaps is because in behavioral research more than in other kinds of research the artifact which is of greatest concern to the experimenter generally takes the form of some social, psychological or environmental condition which is neither readily identifiable nor easily corrected by the researcher once it has been identified. Behavioral researchers doubt whether human subjects who find their way into the role of research subject in social or psychological experiments represent humans in general or not. It has been found that the information about characteristics of those individuals who constitute the subject population for some 52 percent of the recent physical education research in motor learning is not sufficient.

Copyright of Accounting Perspectives is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A survey in the United States revealed that an alarmingly large percentage of university psychologists admitted having used questionable research practices that can contaminate the research literature with false positive and biased findings. We conducted a replication of this study among Italian research psychologists to investigate whether these findings generalize to other countries. All the original materials were translated into Italian, and members of the Italian Association of Psychology were invited to participate via an online survey. The percentages of Italian psychologists who admitted to having used ten questionable research practices were similar to the results obtained in the United States although there were small but significant differences in self-admission rates for some QRPs. Nearly all researchers (88%) admitted using at least one of the practices, and researchers generally considered a practice possibly defensible if they admitted using it, but Italian researchers were much less likely than US researchers to consider a practice defensible. Participants’ estimates of the percentage of researchers who have used these practices were greater than the self-admission rates, and participants estimated that researchers would be unlikely to admit it. In written responses, participants argued that some of these practices are not questionable and they have used some practices because reviewers and journals demand it. The similarity of results obtained in the United States, this study, and a related study conducted in Germany suggest that adoption of these practices is an international phenomenon and is likely due to systemic features of the international research and publication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explore the author's experience of attending the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) annual conference in San Diego, California in June 2019.

Many psychology studies are statistically underpowered. In part, this may be because many researchers rely on intuition, rules of thumb, and prior practice (along with practical considerations) to determine the number of subjects to test. In Study 1, we surveyed 291 published research psychologists and found large discrepancies between their reports of their preferred amount of power and the actual power of their studies (calculated from their reported typical cell size, typical effect size, and acceptable alpha). Furthermore, in Study 2, 89% of the 214 respondents overestimated the power of specific research designs with a small expected effect size, and 95% underestimated the sample size needed to obtain .80 power for detecting a small effect. Neither researchers' experience nor their knowledge predicted the bias in their self-reported power intuitions. Because many respondents reported that they based their sample sizes on rules of thumb or common practice in the field, we recommend that researchers conduct and report formal power analyses for their studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As noted in this commentary, the research in this special issue presents several conceptual and methodological innovations that advance out understanding of obsessions and compulsions. The issue spans a broad range of topics from basic psychological processes such as selfhood themes, perceptions of internal states, and preference for visual symmetry to new insights into compulsions and other forms of neutralization to promising treatment approaches for special OCD symptom presentations. The implications of this research for understanding vulnerability to OCD and the role of compulsions are discussed and three methodological challenges are highlighted that require further attention by OCD researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author talks about the research in parapsychology and its importance for present and future. Topics discussed include the role that psychical research plays in methodological innovations, Nobel prizewinner Charles Richet's work on the randomization in research design, and the need for researchers to think of the future while researching. Also mentioned is the need for young researchers to employ new research techniques.

Psychological researchers have long emphasized the need to identify dispositional aspects of coping (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Over the years a substantial amount of research has been conducted on the relationship between coping and personality. However, limited dispositional research has been conducted on two alternative approaches to coping: proactive coping and preventative coping (Schwarzer, 2001). Proactive coping and preventative coping deviate from traditional conceptualizations of coping because both are active, future oriented approaches to coping with stressors. Preventative coping remains in line with the traditional view of coping as an effort to minimize risk, whereas proactive coping is defined as challenge-focused and stressors are viewed as an opportunity for growth. The goal of the present study was to analyze the role of the Five Factor Model (FFM) with proactive and preventative coping. Participants ( n = 251) completed a battery of questionnaires that included measures of personality and coping. Results indicated that all five personality traits were significantly correlated with proactive and preventative coping. Additionally, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were predictive of both styles of coping, while Extraversion and Neuroticism were only predictive of proactive coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the author's response on the views of gestalt therapist Lise Winther-Jensen on the topic of aggression and self-assertion. Particular focus is given to the theories of psychologists Laura Perls and Fritz Perls. The article also discusses examples of systems related to motivation, works of psychological researchers, and author's definition of assertiveness and aggression.

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a brief profile of psychologist Paul Slovic. Topics include his birth in Chicago, Illinois in 1938; Slovic's education at Depaul University, and Stanford University; role of psychologists Quinn McNemar and Lewis Goldberg in introducing him to psychological research methods; his association with the Oregon Research Institute; and views of Slovic on the psychological aspects of charitable response of the world to a photograph of Syrian child lying on beach.

The article focuses on Miller Mair who served as the head of the Department of Psychological Services and Research of the National Health Services of Great Britain. Topics discussed include the Department's first head John Raven, psychologists Don Bannister, and Neil Brooks. Also mentioned is the book "The Evaluation of Personal Constructs" co-authored by Mair and Bannister.

Visual inspection of data is a common method for understanding, responding to, and communicating important behavior-environment relations in single-subject research. In a field that was once dominated by cumulative, moment-to-moment records of behavior, a number of graphic forms currently exist that aggregate data into larger units. In this paper, we describe the continuum of aggregation that ranges from distant to intimate displays of behavioral data. To aid in an understanding of the conditions under which a more intimate analysis is warranted (i.e., one that provides a richer analysis than that provided by condition or session aggregates), we review a sample of research articles for which within-session data depiction has enhanced the visual analysis of applied behavioral research. DESCRIPTORS: binned analyses, data analysis, visual inspection, within-session data

Operations Management (OM) plays a dual role both in Engineering and Management. This paper reveals the existence of operations with scientific perspectives and management with corporate functions. We are examining the magnitudes of complexities in operations management in terms of behavioral studies and cognitive effects. Our research methodology follows the contemporary inclusive model of corporate operations and it probes it with the tools of emerging 'Behavioral Operations Management' concepts. One of the puzzles behind the problem is to study it in shared intelligence capital needs. This study is conducted in the paradigm of observing human capital factors, shaping operations and logistics practices and using the organizational advantages to mend corporate operations. We study it through the procedures of operational rationality, ability management, strategic implementation and organizational implications of the hybrid functions. Finally, we arrive at the 'Organic Business' structure to contradict the mechanically mimicking business models. With respect to the necessity of the evolving field of 'Behavioral Operations Management', futuristic researches with huge potential of managerial implications are foreseen in this research work. This research approach offers organizations the diversified advantage of providing contextual and comprehensive behavioral practices that can be applied equally across altered backgrounds and re-engineered within an overall structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological researchers have examined a broad array of biases and shortcomings of social perceivers. Less attention has been paid to how people react when they become concerned about the possibility of bias and attempt to correct or overcome the potential for bias. An early approach was to think of bias correction as 'subtracting' information or reactions that are identified as coming from the biasing factor instead of the target. An alternative approach is to conceptualize bias correction as guided by social perceivers' naïve theories or perceptions of the bias at work. The subtraction theories were designed to deal with the assimilative biases typical of early priming experiments, but theory-based corrections can readily deal with either assimilative or contrastive biases. We describe both types of correction theories, with a focus on the empirical support for theory-based correction (and especially for the Flexible Correction Model). We also identify future directions for research on theory-based correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye-tracking technique and visual search task were employed to examine the cognitive advantage for one’s own name and the possible effect of familiarity on this advantage. The results showed that fewer saccades and an earlier start time of first fixations on the target were associated with trials in which participants were asked to search for their own name, as compared to search for personally familiar or famous names. In addition, the results also demonstrated faster response times and higher accuracy in the former kind of trials. Taken together, these findings provide important evidence that one’s own name has the potential to capture attention and that familiarity cannot account for this advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's insights regarding writer Arch G. Woodside and the impact he made to other people's lives. The author says that Woodside earned his doctoral degree in Business Administration from the Pennsylvania State University and served as research psychologist during the Vietnam war. He mentions that he contributed articles to journals and authored 48 books. He adds that Woodside introduced him to the use of storytelling in marketing.

Abstract: Profile correlations are sometimes used to quantify personality trait similarity between relationship partners. These coefficients are then used to test whether similar couples are happier couples. The current paper describes several different methods of calculating profile correlations and outlines procedures for testing whether these coefficients are related to marital adjustment in a sample of 1643 couples. There was little evidence that profile correlations were related to marital adjustment after accounting for normativeness (i.e., the degree to which an individual’s profile matched the typical personality profile) and when accounting for each individual’s personality attributes. Results suggest that researchers using profile correlations should be cautious given that the interpretation and psychological meaning of results often depend on how the coefficients are calculated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the authors' view on researcher Scott Campbell's theory of Psychological Seqeuntialism. According to Campbell, psychological theorist should accept the fact that a casual connection between a person now and a future person is not necessary for the future presence of what matters in survival to present person. The authors argue against this theory and question his wisdom of arriving at a conclusion without properly proving his hypothesis.

Longitudinal data analysis focused on internal characteristics of a single time series has attracted increasing interest among psychologists. The systemic psychological perspective suggests, however, that many long-term phenomena are mutually interconnected, forming a dynamic system. Hence, only multivariate methods can handle such human dynamics appropriately. Unlike the majority of time series methodologies, the cointegration approach allows interdependencies of integrated (i.e., extremely unstable) processes to be modelled. This advantage results from the fact that cointegrated series are connected by stationary long-run equilibrium relationships. Vector error-correction models are frequently used representations of cointegrated systems. They capture both this equilibrium and compensation mechanisms in the case of short-term deviations due to developmental changes. Thus, the past disequilibrium serves as explanatory variable in the dynamic behaviour of current variables. Employing empirical data from cognitive psychology, psychosomatics, and marital interaction research, this paper describes how to apply cointegration methods to dynamic process systems and how to interpret the parameters under investigation from a psychological perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the specific aim of the study, the first problem encountered by all the researchers who study perfectionism is the choice of an adequate way of operationalization of this complex construct. Besides a great number of different perfectionism measures, making conclusions on the characteristics of perfectionism is additionally made difficult by conflicting theoretical approaches, i.e., those that define perfectionism as exclusively non-adaptive trait and those that define it as a trait including both non-adaptive and adaptive components. The aim of this review is to emphasize gradual changes in the definition of perfectionism and their role in the process of forming contemporary theoretical approaches. Behind the same term, there are often oppositely defined concepts of perfectionism. Therefore, in order to be able to understand and adequately interpret findings of previous and future studies, it is very important to be aware of theoretical backgrounds of different measures of perfectionism. Methodological limitations of some of the most frequently used scales indicate the need for a more appropriate measurement of different aspects of perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with U.S. Army research psychologist Captain Paul Lester who embedded himself in Iraq to study leadership and psychological resilience in combat is presented. When asked to explain the context of his experience in collecting data in a combat setting, he said that he wanted to see if the nature of leadership changed when one's life is at risk each minute of the day. He adds that soldiers rated commanders less positively in the combat zone than during the training period.

Capstone courses in leadership provide students opportunities to synthesize prior knowledge about various aspects of leadership. This article describes the Leadership for Dummies project, which could be used as a capstone experience for leadership majors. Based on his experiences as a psychological researcher, Gardner (2008) identified five minds individuals should develop: the disciplined mind (being an expert in one area), the synthesizing mind (gathering information from multiple sources and combining the information in a meaningful way), the creating mind (building new boxes and thinking outside the old ones), the respectful mind (valuing the differences of others), and the ethical mind (doing what is right). The Leadership for Dummies assignment requires students to use their disciplined, synthesizing, and creating minds to develop new ways of thinking needed by tomorrow's leaders. Anecdotal evidence suggests the assignment is helping students make meaning out of their undergraduate experience while taking ownership of their own learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of the social and cultural characteristics of groups in the concept of national development highlights the contributions that culturally sensitive psychological research can make to development efforts. It also highlights the relevance of assessing and promoting such research, especially in majority world countries where development needs are pressing. In the current study, a content analysis was conducted to assess the degree to which Lebanese psychological researchers in post-civil war Lebanon have engaged in culturally sensitive research practices. The Cultural Sensitivity Measure for Published Research, which was inspired by Adair, Puhan, and Vohra's (1993) measure of indigenization, was applied to 54 peer-reviewed English- and French-language empirical studies conducted by Lebanese researchers on Lebanese samples within Lebanon. The results suggest that while cultural sensitivity levels were generally low, the sampled researchers engaged in more sensitive practices compared to researchers in the region. For example, they used qualitative methods more often, made more efforts to ensure the cultural compatibility of their methods, and engaged in more complex conceptualizations of culture and its relationship with psychological processes. Furthermore, certain practices, such as studying diverse groups or using findings to suggest real-life applications, were found to be predictive of higher general levels of cultural sensitivity in the sampled articles. These research practices could be fostered in institutional and intellectual contexts, and such initiatives would go a long way in supporting a locally appropriate research infrastructure that contributes to national development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this quantitative study, 187 counselor educators at research institutions reported engaging in responsible conduct of research (RCR), with a few individuals reporting deviations from ethical behavior. Tenure-seeking faculty members indicated a greater likelihood of deviating from acceptable research practices than did tenured faculty members. The psychological meaningfulness of one's department and research ethics training positively related to engagement in RCR, explaining 18% of the variance. Implications for training of research ethics are discussed, along with suggestions for environmental needs within counseling departments to potentially increase psychological meaningfulness for faculty members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of Graduate Programs in Brazil is less than five decades old. Along this period, the system has been successful concerning its results, even though some of its essential features remain unfinished. In the field of Psychology, the system comprises 64 Programs and 42 of them offer Doctoral degrees. In order to efficiently cope the demands of the Brazilian Graduate System, the Psychology area will need to face challenges, some of which we highlight in this paper. They are: (a) the enlargement of geographical and thematic scope in order to overcome regional asymmetries and thematic gaps in psychological research; (b) the improvement of the evaluation system in order to comprise the diverse strategies in instructing new researchers and the knowledge production in every subarea of Psychology; (c) the necessity of a link among different areas of Graduate Programs in Psychology since the basis for knowledge production in this field may have additional demands related to the development of intervention technologies; and (d) the elaboration of policies which may qualify the system, improving the research networks, providing international exchange for the groups, promoting scientific publications, and extensive methodological learning, for instance. The diagnosis of these and other challenges, in their multiple dimensions, may lead to a more efficient use of the potentials of Brazilian research groups, towards the development of knowledge production and training new researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The suggestion of a relationship between creativity and mental disorder has existed for centuries, and has been advocated by many psychological researchers. The present analysis offers a consideration of the nature of mental disorder present in Brian Wilson, an individual recognised as one of the most creative figures in 20th century popular music. Using converging biographical evidence, and the diagnostic program Opcrit, Wilson’s diagnosis is concluded to be schizoaffective. Employing details of his drug abuse, various models of schizoaffective spectra are examined, in particular a reconsideration of the LSD model of schizophrenia. The model is shown to be useful for positive schizophrenic symptoms including overinclusion, a potentially key element of creativity. In doing so, this psychobiographical analysis allows examination of potential relationships between mental disorder and creativity, the effects of various narcotics on creativity and various elements of mental disorder, the efficacy of various drug models of psychotic disorders, and the overlap between psychotic and affective disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Near-death experiences (NDEs) have become a topic of increasing interest to medical and psychological researchers over the last 35 years. During the course of this research agenda, several studies have focused on the phenomenology of the experience and its after-effects, mostly from a nomothetic stance. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of having an NDE and what meaning NDErs attribute to that experience and its resultant after-effects by taking an idiographic, phenomenological approach. Three female participants took part in recorded face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis found that to more deeply understand the impact of NDEs it is crucial to consider how the experience fits within the biographical context of an individual's life. Rather than being an overall influence on personal and spiritual growth, individuals may choose elements of an experience which are most personally meaningful for them and take that into their later lives. Each participant in some way came to a new understanding in their lives as a result of their NDE. In addition, the process of integration was helped or hindered by physical and psychological factors concomitant at the time of the NDE. Also evident were the challenges the NDE, or elements therein, have on the individual's sense of self and how they maintain and develop that self in the years succeeding the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although empowerment evaluation has gained widespread currency, few reports have described its outcomes. This article combines perspectives of participants and technical assistance providers to describe the process and outcomes of the Evaluation Assistance for Sexual Violence Programs project. Participating programs reported substantial enhancements in evaluation capacity, resources devoted to evaluation, and the extent and sophistication of their evaluation practice, as well as numerous examples of the application of evaluation findings to program improvement. Experiences from evaluation technical assistance providers identified aspects of the process that were particularly useful in achieving these outcomes, including investing in collaborative relationships, maximizing participation among program staff, tailoring the content and form of technical assistance to program preferences, and combining structured learning with program-specific technical assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends past research by examining factors associated with changes in attitudes, knowledge, and intended behaviors related to sexual assault. This study included 1,182 participants from four unique multiplesession school-based sexual violence interventions. Implementation and participant factors examined include single- versus mixed-gender groups, group setting versus classroom lecture setting, and participant gender. Participants completed self-administered, paperand- pencil pre- and postsurveys. A significant desired overall effect was found on participants' reports of positive attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding sexual harassment and personal boundaries and positive dating relationship norms (from pretest to posttest). There were steeper increases over time in both measures, with larger mixed-gender/single-gender differences among boys than among girls. Differences in the impact of participating in mixed- versus single-gender groups depended on classroom versus small group settings. The implications of these findings are discussed for sexual assault prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual violence is a growing public health problem, and there is an urgent need to develop sexual violence prevention programs. Logic models have emerged as a vital tool in program development. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded an empowerment evaluation designed to work with programs focused on the prevention of first-time male perpetration of sexual violence, and it included as one of its goals, the development of program logic models. Two case studies are presented that describe how significant positive changes can be made to programs as a result of their developing logic models that accurately describe desired outcomes. The first case study describes how the logic model development process made an organization aware of the importance of a program's environmental context for program success; the second case study demonstrates how developing a program logic model can elucidate gaps in organizational programming and suggest ways to close those gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide theoretical considerations and practical solutions for the conscientiologist in the development of their self-research. The paper was developed to address one of the major issues impeding the development of conscientiological research raised at the 1st International Symposium on Conscientiological Research, namely the quality of writing within conscientiological self-research. Self-research is intra-consciential and constructivist in its very nature. Constructivism is an established methodology used by sociological and psychological researchers. This paper extracts relevant components of constructivist methods that support conscientiologists (from both scientific and unscientific backgrounds) self-research by providing tools and approaches that develop greater analytical criteria for the development of arguments, and that produce valid and robust results. By developing more competence and confidence in writing and cumulatively publishing more on the application of conscientiological theory in self-research and the evolutionary process, the science of conscientiology will develop a stronger foundation the for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents academic reflections resulting from the teaching work of the authors with students of the Psychology career at the Javeriana University. Beginning from Latin America's sociopolitical reality, it is pointed out that complex views of citizenship are needed that permit the confrontation of the region's crises, particularly in Colombia, from the educational scenarios. Formative implications of that view for the professional work of Psychologists are reviewed, proposing subject and subjectivity as the heart of formative practices. Finally, some significant challenges to the Psychologists' task in the field of civic formation in educational contexts are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the need for evaluation of prevention programs is clear the implementation of evaluation, particularly for large, complex projects with multiple investigators, poses numerous challenges. Program evaluators in these circumstances do not have the same degree of control as, say, experimental psychologists and must find ways to obtain data while being sensitive to local environmental influences. The purpose of this article is to identify for social work evaluators some of the ways program evaluation can differ from true experiments and to discuss issues that may affect the planning and conduct of evaluation efforts. The Appalachia Community Cancer Network is used as a case example, and illustrations of its approach using formative and process evaluation are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of mentalization-based treatment by partial hospitalization compared to treatment as usual for borderline personality disorder 8 years after entry into a randomized, controlled trial and 5 years after all mentalization-based treatment was complete. Method: Interviewing was by research psychologists blind to original group allocation and structured review of medical notes of 41 patients from the original trial. Multivariate analysis of variance, chisquare, univariate analysis of variance, and nonparametric Mann-whitney statistics were used to contrast the two groups depending on the distribution of the data. Results: Five years after discharge from mentalization-based treatment, the mentalization-based treatment by partial hospitalization group continued to show clinical and statistical superiority to treatment as usual on suicidality (23% versus 74%), diagnostic status (13% versus 87%), service use (2 years versus 3.5 years of psychiatric outpatient treatment), use of medication (0.02 versus 1.90 years taking three or more medications), global function above 60(45% versus 10%), and vocational status (employed or in education 32 years versus 1.2 years). Conclusions: Patients with 18 months of mentalization-based treatment by partial hospitalization followed by 18 months of maintenance mentalizing group therapy remain better than those receiving treatment as usual, but their general social function remains impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the methods used to measure gaze direction, which migrated to the study of infants. It is cited that experimental psychologists have known that an excellent measure of visual attention is the direction of gaze. It is mentioned that head direction is not an accurate measure because the eyes can move within a 90-degree horizontal extent.

The paper presents the Fun Toolkit (v3), a survey instrument that has been devised to assist researchers and developers to gather opinions about technology from children. In presenting the toolkit, the paper provides a reflective look at several studies where the toolkit has been validated and considers how the Fun Toolkit should be used as well as discussing how, and in what way, the instruments contained within it should be employed. This consideration of use is one of the novel contributions of the paper. The second major contribution is the discussion based around software appeal; in which the fit between the Fun Toolkit and usability and engagement is explored. The paper concludes that the Fun Toolkit is useful, that it can be used with some confidence to gather opinions from children and that it has the potential for use for other user experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychological investigations of the Institute of Psychology (IP) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It presents the characteristics of psychological investigations of IP RAS such as sticks to traditions and scientific persistence, uses anthropological approach, social relevance, balance, and common compared with others. It also introduces the IP studies and researchers that are successfully done. In addition, it includes study methods on how to integrate psychological investigations.

This paper adds to the list of criticisms against null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). I argue that when researchers do not analyze the conceptual relations among their variables, they may fail to distinguish between logical implications and empirical relations. It does not make sense to use significance testing on hypotheses involving conceptually related phenomena. The widespread lack of conceptual clarification also leads to very small effect sizes in psychology because it causes study participants to understand the stimulus material in different ways. Therefore, they answer in an inconsistent way. Researchers show an extremely low degree of ambition when they seek to show that psychological phenomena differ from chance, or when they try to disprove a hypothesis claiming that a psychological phenomenon does not exist. I see significance testing as a poor solution to the problem of tiny effect sizes in psychology. I recommend that psychological researchers be more explicit both about their main hypotheses and their auxiliary hypotheses. As examples, I analyse all quantitative articles in Issue 1, 2005 of the Journal of Health Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]