Search

Maintenance records of complex industrial equipment contain a large amount of unstructured data (e.g. technician notes) pertaining to repair actions and associated equipment sub-components, degradation conditions, failure mechanisms, etc. These unstructured data can yield valuable insights to improve the equipment design and maintenance plans, resulting in higher productivity and lower operating costs. Since manual review of information is time-consuming, companies make limited use of the maintenance records. To address this opportunity, we propose a taxonomy-guided method for automatically analysing the unstructured data and inferring critical information, specifically the hierarchy of the equipment's sub-assemblies and constituent parts that malfunctioned or failed during a breakdown event. Our method leverages syntactic (related to word frequency) as well as semantic (related to word co-occurrence and their meaning) knowledge. A novel contribution of our work is that we provide a confidence score for the information inferred by our method. Only the maintenance records which receive a low confidence score will require manual review to confirm the automated method's results, thus ensuring minimal use of human resources. We demonstrate the performance of our method using a real-world data set from equipment used in oil rigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dexterous robotics systems integrate advanced manipulation and perception capabilities, facilitating advanced process automation. However, the inherent complexities of such processes may induce vulnerabilities, impeding overall performance. A parsimonious categorisation of dexterous robotic processes can disambiguate process attributes and highlight intricacies. Existing robotic categorisations focusing on a single attribute (e.g. manipulator structure) lack a processes view. Existing production process categorisations lack valuation of robotic characteristics. The current work suggests Rαβγ, a holistic categorisation of dexterous robotic processes. Rαβγ integrates robotic concepts within the classical [α|β|γ] production process categorisation and is similarly divided into tiers: Workcell, Task, and Objective. Each tier is defined by qualitative descriptors and quantitative characteristics. The intricacies of each characteristic were quantified by an analytic hierarchical process (AHP), semi-structured interviews with robotic experts were conducted for validation, and utility is demonstrated by three case studies. The AHP results are consistent and interpretable. The interviewees determined that Rαβγ is valuable and comprehensive. The case studies demonstrate the categorisation's ability to highlight major process attributes. The analysis asserts that Rαβγ can be valuable during different product life cycle phases, e.g. designing, commissioning, etc. Rαβγ uniquely integrates the manufacturing and robotic domains, offering a holistic mechanism for highlighting characteristics of dexterous robotic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of remanufacturing systems is closely related to the modular design. This paper proposes a sustainable design concept aiming at active remanufacturing. This paper adopts the modular method related to parameter flow to decompose and construct the product's function. The author applies the clustering method to the parameter flow correlation determination to realize the quantitative division of modules. This paper combines sustainable design principles with the life cycle characteristics of products. In this paper, the sustainable design is divided into modules based on the degree of component association. Finally, this paper uses an example to demonstrate that the model in this paper can divide products into modules in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's fast-paced market, companies are challenged to meet increasing customer demands and shorter product life cycles. To successfully respond to these demands, companies must produce a wide variety of different products. This requires the determination of necessary processes and resources for each product, which can be difficult for process engineers due to the high manual effort and expertise involved. The current state of research has not yet provided explicit definitions of the necessary knowledge and has not fully achieved complete process planning automation. To address this challenge, a digital twin is a valuable tool for automating and understanding process planning. This paper presents a digital twin concept for process planning. It automatically analyzes the product, determines production processes, and selects appropriate resources by linking information about products, resources, and processes. The effectiveness of the digital twin concept is demonstrated through verified and validated use cases, including the production of a compressor element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the legal regulation of hazardous waste management as a special category of waste. The author examines the state of legal regulation of hazardous waste management in Ukraine from a historical perspective, focusing on the achievements and problems of the current legislation on hazardous waste management related to new challenges, primarily the Russian military aggression against Ukraine and the emergence of a large amount of hazardous waste of a new quality. The study examines in detail the evolution of national legislation in the field of waste management, starting with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Waste" in 1998 and ending with the enactment of the new Law of Ukraine "On Waste Management" in 2022. The author notes the positive aspects of the 1998 Law, which for the first time established the basic principles and mechanisms of waste management, defined key terms, regulated the activities of waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal, and the division of powers between executive authorities and local self-government bodies. However, over time, this law proved to be ineffective due to outdated approaches, lack of integration with European standards, insufficient regulation of hazardous waste and lack of incentives for recycling and reuse. The new legislation, adopted in 2022, introduces a number of innovative approaches, including a waste management hierarchy based on the principles of preventing waste generation, promoting its reuse, recovery or disposal. An important change is the introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which obliges manufacturers to take responsibility for the entire life cycle of their products, including waste management. The new law also stimulates the creation of a modern waste management infrastructure, including the development of recycling facilities and waste collection systems, and introduces an integrated information system for accounting and reporting in this area. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that it is necessary to improve the current legislation on hazardous waste management, taking into account the current problems associated with the new conditions of its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug development for children presents unique challenges and is highly regulated. Novel approaches, such as the use of extrapolation to address, for example, the need to avoid unethical studies, whilst supporting robust evidence generation have been developed in support of benefit/risk considerations by regulatory authorities. This is only one step in the decision‐making process towards access, which in Europe also includes health technology assessment (HTA) bodies.Discussions related to evidentiary requirements in small populations using scientific evidence transfer have been identified as a priority action by European Medicines Agency/European Network for Health Technology Assessment 21 (EMA/EUnetHTA 21). We describe the outcome of this work and reflect on the discussions that had taken place on how to leverage prior knowledge through identifying and addressing uncertainties during life cycle management to support regulatory and HTA decision‐making. Using examples, we explore the range of applications for evidence generation and offer regulatory and HTA insights on key design considerations for producing better evidence, reflecting our shared ambition. Early interactions with all respective stakeholders, particularly between regulators and HTA bodies are key to optimise data generation and utility in children.In Europe, the HTA regulation will offer opportunities for collaborations, which are important for all development efforts. We collaboratively explored the unique specific challenges relating to paediatric drug development, ethically and in its ability to leverage prior knowledge, as exemplified using extrapolation. Learnings from these offer opportunities to further develop methodology on how to leverage uncertainties across a product's life cycle for small populations generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjusting the morphology and structure of the catalyst to optimize the structure of the discharge product is an effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic activity of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). In this paper, a novel high‐orientation layered manganese‐based metal–organic frameworks (Mn‐MOFs) catalyst for the air cathode of a LOB is synthesized via a facile solvothermal method using 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid combined with the metal Mn2+ ion. The presence of layered structure increases the specific surface area of the catalytic material, and the interlayer spacing can be used as a channel for electron and oxygen transport, thus promoting ion diffusion and catalyzing reactions. Otherwise, the coordination of the N element and metal ion in the organic ligand significantly improves the electrical conductivity and oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen extraction reaction (ORR/OER) performance of LOB. The effective combination of Mn2+ and 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid improves the overall catalytic capacity of the material, leading to a high LiO2 adsorption capacity so as to induce the formation of film discharge products and extend the cycle life of LOBs. When using Mn‐MOFs at 140°C as the cathode catalyst, the specific discharge capacity of the LOB can achieve 5579 mAh/g with a 0.2 mA/cm2 current density and maintain 140 stable cycles, limiting the specific discharge capacity to 500 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the strategic decisions of fashion brands regarding the development of digital assets based on blockchain technology, with a focus on achieving both sustainability and profitability goals. We first consider foundational factors such as the fashion value of products, their life cycle, and environmental taxes to construct a traditional fashion system involving the government, fashion brands, and consumers. Subsequently, we introduce a blockchain model that incorporates the added value of digital assets, the cost of technology, and the proportion of fashion consumers. Both models—traditional and digital—are solved mathematically, and numerical experiments are conducted to compare and analyze the impact of developing digital assets by fashion brands. The findings suggest that leveraging digital assets to enhance the fashion value of products can increase the profitability of fashion brands while also reducing environmental pollution caused by leftover inventory. Additionally, the development of digital assets may extend the life cycle of a product, although this does not always lead to improved environmental performance, highlighting a trade-off between the two objectives. Ultimately, the development of digital assets by fashion brands can result in a win-win for both profit and environmental performance, but this outcome is contingent on the cost of blockchain technology meeting specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Environmental footprinting in health care: a primer" published in the Medical Journal of Australia discusses the environmental impacts of health care systems, which contribute to 4-5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The article introduces environmental footprinting techniques to uncover these impacts, focusing on GHG emissions and supply chains. It explains the distinction between direct and indirect impacts, scopes of emissions accounting, and environmental footprinting methods such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and environmentally extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA). The article emphasizes the importance of considering environmental sustainability in health care decision-making and advocates for improving environmental footprinting literacy, incorporating it into existing frameworks, investing in infrastructure, increasing transparency, and learning from other successful initiatives. [Extracted from the article]

PRACTITIONER TAKEAWAYS: To be meaningful, sustainability assessments need to account for the whole product life cycle. This requires strong partnerships with suppliers, customers, and end users, beginning already in the new product development cycle. Culture is an essential ingredient: We need to ensure that sustainability is not just a checklist but a core value for our employees and our business. Innovation and product management are both part of the product life cycle: How we assess sustainability impact for a new product in development needs to be consistent with how that product will be assessed once it is fully commercial. The methodology a company uses in its innovation process cannot be different from the one it uses in product line management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Tomatoes are a significant product of the Mediterranean region and a crucial component of the Mediterranean diet. The formulation of dried tomato products enriched with proteins and bioactive compounds could be a strategic approach to promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Six different novel tomato products were analyzed using different protein enrichment sources (pea proteins and leaf proteins) and drying technologies (hot‐air dryer, microwave vacuum dryer, and conventional dryer). The novelty of this approach lies in combining product‐specific criteria with global societal factors across their life cycles. Using 21 criteria and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) survey of experts, the social sustainability score for each product was determined through a multi‐criteria assessment.The tomato product's life cycles have minimal regional impacts on unemployment, access to drinking water, sanitation, or excessive working hours. However, they affect discrimination, migrant labor, children's education, and access to hospital beds significantly. The study identified nutritional quality as the top criterion, with the most sustainable design being a tomato bar enriched with pea protein and processed using microwave vacuum drying.The study revealed that integrating sensory and nutrient compounds into social sustainability assessments improves food sustainability and provides a practical roadmap for social life cycle assessments of food products. It emphasized the importance of considering global social issues when reformulating Mediterranean products to ensure long‐term adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Incorporating social factors into sustainability scores can also enhance the effectiveness of product information for conscious customers. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the PULPO (Python‐based user‐defined lifecycle product optimization) framework, developed to efficiently integrate life cycle inventory (LCI) models into life cycle product optimization. Life cycle optimization (LCO), which has found interest in both the process systems engineering and life cycle assessment (LCA) communities, leverages LCA data to go beyond simple assessments of a limited number of alternatives and identify the best possible product systems configuration subject to a manifold of choices, constraints, and objectives. However, typically, aggregated inventories are used to build the optimization problems. Contrary to existing frameworks, PULPO integrates whole LCI databases and user inventories as a backbone for the optimization problem, considering economy‐wide feedback loops between fore‐ and background systems that would otherwise be omitted. The open‐source implementation combines functions from Brightway2 for the manipulation of inventory data and pyomo for the formulation and solution of the optimization problem. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated in a case study focusing on the design of optimal future global green methanol production systems from captured CO2 and electrolytic H2. It is shown that the approach can be used to assess sector‐coupling with multi‐functional processes and prospective background databases that would otherwise be impractical to approach from a standalone LCA perspective. The use of PULPO is particularly appealing when evaluating large‐scale decisions that have a strong impact on socioeconomic systems, resulting in changes in the technosphere on which the background system is based and which is often assumed constant in standard LCO approaches regardless of the decisions taken. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sol–gel‐based solution‐processed metal oxides have emerged as a key fabrication method for applications in thin film transistors both as a semiconducting and a dielectric layer. Here, a low‐temperature, green solvent‐based, non‐toxic, and cost‐effective solution shearing approach for the fabrication of thin aluminum oxide (AlOx) dielectrics is reported. Optimization of sustainability aspects like energy demand, and selection of chemicals used allows to reduce the environmental impact of the life cycle of the resulting product already in the design phase. Using this approach, ultra‐thin, device‐grade AlOx films of 7 nm are coated—the thinnest films to be reported for any solution‐fabrication method. The metal oxide formation is achieved by both thermal annealing and deep ultra‐violet (UV) light exposure techniques, resulting in capacitances of 750 and 600 nF cm−2, respectively. The structural analysis using microscopy and x‐ray spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of smooth, ultra‐thin AlOx films. These thin films are employed in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) resulting in stable, low hysteresis devices leading to high mobilities (6.1 ± 0.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), near zero threshold voltage (−0.14 ± 0.07 V) and a low subthreshold swing (96 ± 16 mV dec−1), enabling device operation at only ±0.5 V with a good Ion/Ioff ratio (3.7 × 105). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated non-instantaneous deteriorating items because not all products deteriorate immediately. In the high-tech product life cycle, the product demand increases linearly substantially in the growth stage and maintains a near-constant level in the maturity stage. This is a ramp-type demand rate. To satisfy the demand as shortages occur, partial backlogging is necessary. The advance-cash-credit payment scheme, comprising advance, cash, and credit payments, has gained popularity in business transactions to improve cash flow flexibility among supply chain participants. This study explored a partial backlogging inventory model with ramp-type demand for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under generalized payment. The proposed model also incorporated discounted cash flow analysis to account for the time value of the profit function. This study attempted to determine the optimal replenishment strategy to maximize the present value of the total profit. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the efficacy of the proposed model and gain managerial insights. The optimal total profit rises with an increase in the permissible delay period and sale price but decreases with an increase in ordering and purchase costs. Then, the decision-maker can refer to the managerial insights to choose the appropriate parameter value for the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances in analytics, as well as scientific and regulatory knowledge and experience gained from biosimilar development/approvals over the last decade, enabled the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 to revise its guidelines on the evaluation of biosimilars. Among the revisions, there is more reliance on analytical and functional aspects to prove similarity (and likely fewer clinical requirements). WHO international reference standards for biosimilars provide additional confidence to regulators looking for evidence‐ and data‐based regulatory convergence in scientific and technical measures of quality attributes. These standards serve as a benchmark for harmonizing the bioactivity or potency of biosimilars, ensuring their future sustainability. This article discusses the availability and role of WHO international reference standards throughout the product life cycle of biosimilars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the detailed material composition of the various industrial and consumer products is essential for implementing efficient recycling practices and policies, conducting material flow analyses, and facilitating a transition toward a circular economy. However, existing data sources are limited in their product and material coverage. Currently, no source or methodology allows such data to be obtained in a relatively uniform, updated, and accessible manner across a diverse range of products. This work presents an approach that allows estimating the material composition of thousands of products using available life cycle inventory (LCI) databases. Methodologically, this is implemented by splitting the physical flows that describe supply chains in LCI databases into "incorporated" and "not incorporated" fractions using an incorporation parameter. Building primarily on existing matrix‐based life cycle assessment calculations, this approach can be used to calculate the material content of products. A generally applicable mathematical model, as well as a ready‐to‐use software, is presented for future practitioners. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method, a case study involving three metals and plastic in three consumer goods has been conducted based on the ecoinvent database. Our method delivered accurate material content estimates (i.e., weight fractions of materials in products) with an average relative error of 26% and an absolute error of 1.1% (between our estimates and existing values). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scholars have discussed in depth about the evaluation content and the construction of evaluation index system of emergency management and crisis management, a unified and standardized interpretation of system construction concepts and empirical research on the performance evaluation of urban emergency management is still lacking. In view of this, this paper is based on the theory of the crisis life cycle, with the four phases of urban emergency management and the content of the task as a clue, constructed a performance evaluation index system containing 12 primary indicators and 44 secondary indicators, and centered on the emergency management work situation of S city. The study reveals that emergency management underperforms in S city, with a score of 5.948, qualifying as the "defined level". The "prevention and preparedness stage" receives poor evaluation, indicating a significant bias for crisis response instead of prevention. The report suggests the improvement of emergency material stockpile planning, the formation of grassroots emergency response teams, the emergency management publicity, and special emergency drill plans, etc., with a view to providing reference for city managers to comprehensively review and evaluate the emergency management system, and to promote the construction of a more systematic, complete and scientific urban emergency management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are crucial for the production of different products and technologies. The correct quantification of CRMs consumption, including hidden uses along the products life cycle, can be made through the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Starting from the eco-profile of a power supply unit, obtained through a LCA study, this paper focuses on the assessment of the total CRMs consumption of this device. In order to free the assessment from the mass of each CRM, two different approaches are applied, based on the supply risk and economic value, respectively. Similar percentage results are obtained when the assessment is based on the CRMs mass or supply risk index (with some exceptions), while the approach based on the economic value seems more able to bring out materials that are considered more "critical" in terms of economic importance. This research is developed within the activities of the project LOV-Lowering Ortigia's Voltage, funded by POC 2014-2020, CUP G39J18000690007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming is crucial for various aspects of daily life, including food, the economy, environment, culture, and community. It provides employment opportunities, generates income, and increases the export of agricultural products, particularly in rural areas. Sustainable farming practices promote soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem services and are essential in many parts of the world. Farming is deeply rooted in cultures and traditions and is a way of life for many communities, passed down from generation to generation. Without farming, we would not have the abundance and variety of food that we enjoy today. Advancements in technology, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things, have greatly impacted agriculture by producing vast amounts of digital data on crops, soil, and weather conditions. However, managing and analyzing these data can be challenging for farmers, especially those in developing nations. To address this issue, affordable digital farming solutions, including open-source software platforms, sensor networks, and mobile apps, are being developed to help farmers optimize their resources, increase yields, and profits. Digital twin technology can play a crucial role in digital farming by providing farmers with a virtual replica of their physical farm. It is a digital depiction of a real-world asset, such a farm or a particular crop field, that gathers information from sensors, weather stations, and satellite pictures. This technology has arisen that has been hailed as revolutionary in a number of fields, including manufacturing machines, construction, agriculture, healthcare, and the automotive and aerospace industries. However, the technology is still in its early stages in agriculture, and it can be challenging to handle the interactions between different farming-related digital twin components. Additionally, digital twinning can require significant investment in technology and infrastructure, which may be a barrier for small-scale farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customized production has greatly diversified product categories, which has altered product life cycles and added complexity to business management. This paper introduces a matrix-clustering technique that integrates k-means clustering with the BCG Matrix, enhanced by time modeling, to offer a comprehensive framework for multi-item product sales forecasting. The approach builds upon existing BCG Matrix outcomes, re-clustering high-selling products more precisely and redefining their relationship with other product lines more objectively. This method addresses the challenge of forecasting situations with limited historical data, providing more accurate sales predictions. Using Taiwan's sales data, an empirical study on integrated circuit tray products demonstrated the effectiveness of the matrix clustering technique. The results showed improved data utilization, increasing from 35.93% with the original BCG analysis to 52.43% with the combined matrix-clustering and time modeling methods. This study contributes to academic research by presenting a portfolio analysis approach rooted in matrix clustering, which systematically enhances traditional BCG Matrix methods. The proposed framework is adaptable to the unique traits of different portfolios, offering businesses workflows that are efficient, reliable, sustainable, and scalable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lean methodology is an interesting way to improve industrial companies' performance. To implement Lean, training appears to be an important success factor. In the early 2000s, the Lean Aerospace Initiative introduced the Lean Enterprise Model (LEM), which defines Lean practices and offers training support to companies who want to implement this method. The upstream phase of the product life cycle, from product concept to first serial deliveries, is a key period for a new product and its company. Product characteristics and internal processes defined and used during this phase directly affect companies' performances. The purpose of this study is to define LEM practices adopted by industrial companies and assess the perceived benefits and effort involved in implementing them during the upstream phase of the product life cycle. To analyse industrial practices, we conducted two surveys. A first audit concerned the adoption of LEM practices in the upstream phase of the product life cycle (203 industrial respondents). A second audit measured the perceived gain/effort rates of implementing LEM practices during this period (117 industrial respondents). This study provides a better understanding of LEM practices adoption by industrialists during the early product life and defines implementation priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Remanufacturing is a process in which used products are professionally repaired or upgraded to restore their performance to new products, but the uncertainties and complexities of the used products can greatly affect the remanufacturability. Blindly remanufacturing used products with uncertain remanufacturability can weaken the economic and environmental advantages. To improve remanufacturing efficiency, focusing on the three-dimensional sustainability of environment, economy, and society, this study presents a quantity remanufacturability assessment method for used products based on life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) theory, which we call Re-LCSA method. Methods: The remanufacturability assessment method assesses the environmental sustainability using life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to compare the environmental benefits of product remanufacturing with new manufacturing. Economic sustainability is assessed by using life cycle costing (LCC) theory to compare the cost–benefit of product remanufacturing with new manufacturing. Social sustainability is assessed by using Dreyer's (Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:247–259, 2010a), (Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:385–402, 2010b) social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) methodology to analyze the factors of human rights, working conditions, and social economic related to product remanufacturing companies. The three dimensions of sustainability are respectively expressed by an indicator to assess the remanufacturability. Results and discussion: A used 5-year-old engine is used to illustrate the remanufacturability assessment process. The integrated environmental impact indicator of new manufacturing is more than five times that of remanufacturing, indicating that engine remanufacturing has great advantages over new manufacturing in reducing environmental pollution and energy consumption. The total remanufacturing cost accounts for approximately 50% of new manufacturing costs, with the greatest advantages found in the "raw material production" and "parts production" stages. The social analysis results show that engine remanufacturing performs well in terms of "human rights" and "social economy", but has lower scores in "working conditions." Conclusions: The Re-LCSA method provides an efficient means to identify the remanufacturing feasibility of used products and avoid unnecessary resource waste. It can also help in exploring ways to conserve resources, protect environment, and improve social conditions through remanufacturing. However, the assessment results depend largely on the underlying assumptions and investigation data; therefore, the accuracy of data and system boundaries must be ensured. In addition, the sustainability result is remarkably affected by weighting and value criteria, and it should be thoroughly investigated for rational decision making. Future work should focus on improving the adaptability of this method by developing an expert knowledge system for rational decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Have you ever experienced the frustration of trying to hit a bullseye on a moving target? In the medical device industry, cybersecurity is one of the fastest-moving targets. Medical device [...]

Nowadays, manufacturing firms need the reconfigurability capability to be responsive in the current context characterised by unpredictable and frequent market changes and the reduction of product life cycle. Despite the relevance of the subject, a challenge for practitioners is the development of a strategy aimed to increase the level of reconfigurability with long-term goals of customisation and responsiveness. Moreover, traditional manufacturing paradigms are disrupted by the transformation of manufacturing systems in cyber-physical systems (CPS), thus introducing innovative means also to increase the level of reconfigurability in manufacturing systems. This study investigates how the technologies underlying CPS support the reconfigurability capability along system life cycle. Thus the technologies underlying CPS are classified into seven categories and it is shown how they enable the sequence of utilisation of the reconfigurability characteristics (modularity, integrability, diagnosability, scalability, convertibility and customisation) along the system life cycle. The results of the study can guide practitioners in developing reconfigurability as a strategic capability. Moreover, different directions for future research can be considered, as discussed in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article was to develop a QLCA framework model dedicated to the design and improvement of products, taking into account their quality (Q) and environmental impact in the life cycle (LCA). Design/methodology/approach: A review of the literature on the subject was conducted on studies from the Web of Science database. The thematic scope included the design and improvement of products, taking into account quality and environmental impact during the life cycle (LCA). Bibliometric and frequency techniques were used, including keyword analysis and citation of studies. Based on conclusions from the literature, approaches and methods for quality improvement, as well as the LCA methodology presented in the ISO 14040 standard, a QLCA framework model was developed. The model supports the prospective assessment of the quality and life cycle of the product and its prototypes in terms of sustainable development. Findings: It has been shown that there are no solutions that present the links between product life cycle assessment and product quality assessment, including preparing these assessments for product prototypes at the design and prototyping stage. Research limitations/implications: A QLCA framework model is presented, the proper form of which will be provided by future research. The framework conditions of the QLCA model were improved and expanded in order to find the most advantageous approach to achieving the highest quality product quality with the lowest possible negative environmental impact of this product in LCA in terms of its sustainable development. Practical implications: The QLCA framework model is the result of conceptual generalisation, and its assumptions were prepared for designers and R&D departments. The assumptions of the QLCA methodology can be used by management staff to make decisions about product improvement at the prototyping stage. Originality/value: A novelty is the QLCA framework model, which presents an original approach to product improvement at the prototyping stage, taking into account customer expectations regarding their quality and at the same time assessing the life cycle of these prototypes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbopol® is a typical jelly agent belonging to the family of cross-linked polyacrylic acid copolymers. It is largely used in antibacterial gels due to its self-wetting properties. In its pristine physical form, Carbopol® falls under the definition of microplastics, though significant changes could occur once added to hydroalcoholic solvents of the liquid formulations. To date, no life-cycle data regarding the physical state are available for this substance or for other similar polymers of the same chemical class. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the fate of Carbopol®-derived microplastics used in the formulation of typical hand sanitizer gels available in the Italian market, such as Amuchina® X-Germ, along the product life cycle. An experimental model was designed to detect the presence of Carbopol® microparticles from product manufacturing to the final use. FTIR and µ-FTIR were used to detect and characterize solid particles after the optimization of the sample preparation of different experimental matrices. While Carbopol® as such can be classified as a microplastic, in the commercial product, Carbopol® particles were not detected. Ten volunteers used the product according to the instructions reported on the label, and finally they rinsed their hands. Carbopol®-based particles were not detected in the water rinse, indicating that, after usage, the original form of the Carbopol microparticles was not retrieved. The study proposes, for the first time, a simple and comprehensive experimental approach to identify and characterize microplastics in finished products and along the life cycle by simulating their real-life usage. This approach could be also useful to evaluate the release of chemical components into the environment through the use of dermal products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Key opinion leader (KOL) interviews were conducted by the Benefit–Risk Assessment Planning (BRAP) Taskforce to seek expert opinion mainly from industry and regulatory bodies, about the current status and future direction of benefit–risk assessment (BRA) planning in the lifecycle of medical product development. The findings from these interviews are intended to help communication concerning planning for BRA between industry and regulators and shape future guidance. Methods: Key opinion leader interviews consisted of 5 questions related to BRA planning, which were administered to volunteers (mainly clinicians and statisticians) within a pool of experienced pharmaceutical and medical device professionals representing academia, industry, regulatory agencies and a patient group. The interviewees' responses to the 5 questions were summarized. To analyze the qualitative data, a Coding System was developed to label themes arising from the interviews. The key findings from the interviews were summarized into a Master Template. A quantitative analysis based on descriptive statistics was also conducted. Results: Of the 27 interviewees, there were 11 professionals from regulatory agencies, 11 from industry, 4 from academia and 1 from a patient advocacy group. Key findings based on the comments provided by 48% of the interviewees indicated the need of incorporating BRA into other (e.g., existing) processes with the importance of alignment between processes being stressed in the comments provided by 59% of the interviewees. Commencing BRA early in the product lifecycle was emphasized in comments provided by 44% of the interviewees. Among other needs identified were an appropriate contextualization of benefits and risks (based on comments provided by 41% of interviewees) through adoption of an integrated approach with structured support by regulatory agencies and a need for understanding the audience with better communication of benefit–risk (BR) among all stakeholders (based on comments provided by 44% of the interviewees). Almost all comments provided by interviewees (96%) highlighted the importance of utilizing patient experience/preference to guide new product development and BRA. Comments provided by 74% of the interviewees expressed the need to understand patient tolerance for risk and trade-offs, with a majority (78%) of interviewees highlighting how to gather information, and 59% stressing the need for the selection and development of appropriate methodologies as important considerations for enhancing the quality and relevance of the data collected from patients. Conclusions: Interviewees indicated that BRA should commence early in the medical product development and inform decision-making throughout the product lifecycle. Better planning and integration of BRA into existing processes within industry would be valuable. The importance of incorporating the patient voice into BRA and medical product development was emphasized. Other key findings from the KOL interviews included a need for improved communication of BR information, and establishment of methodologies for performing BRA and soliciting patient input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the factors determining the intention of purchasing sustainable fashion. The article answers three research questions:1) What observable variables can create dimensions of sustainable fashion consumption? 2) Are the created dimensions characterized by appropriate validity and reliability? 3) Which dimensions have the strongest impact on purchase intentions for a sustainable fashion? Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the aim of the article, literature and empirical research was conducted. Literature research was conducted based on the determinants of sustainable consumption of clothing products in connection with the life cycle of such product. Empirical research was conducted based on a survey on a sample of 270 respondents from Poland. The collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling (pls-SEM). Thus, the scales measuring the desired dimensions were validated. Additionally, a model was created which allowed us to find out what determines the intention of purchasing sustainable fashion. Findings: The created model indicates that the intentions to buy sustainable fashion are most strongly influenced by: a) the choice of second-hand clothing, b) the choice of sustainable producers, c) the choice of sustainable packaging, and d) the involvement in repairing clothes. A predictor that turned out to be statistically insignificant is the choice of sustainable fabrics. Practical implications: We consider our results regarding the validation of scales measuring dimensions of sustainable consumption of a clothing product to be important. The scales we proposed proved to be valid and reliable. Therefore, these scales may be useful for research on consumer maturity in the field of sustainable fashion. Originality/value: The originality of our work is a set of observable variables measuring the dimensions of sustainable consumption of a clothing product. The set of these variables can be used as a guide for consumers who want to make sustainable purchasing decisions regarding clothing products that are environmentally friendly and limit the exploitation of people in the fashion industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularity has emerged as a pivotal concept in the realm of sustainable resource management and business operations. Resource exhaustion and environmental degradation propelled by globalization and the culture of consumerism have intensified the focus on the concept of the circular economy around the world. Nevertheless, the evaluation and quantification of circularity achievements remain uncommon in corporate practices. This article employs a systematic literature review to delve into circularity measurements in the managerial life cycle. Key approaches emerging from the academic literature are examined, including life cycle costing, life cycle assessment, life cycle cost–benefit, life cycle benefit analysis, and life cycle sustainability assessment. The review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed to assess circularity in corporate processes, highlighting current challenges and opportunities for effective implementation. We adopt a conceptual model of sustainable and circular life cycle management based on specific performance indicators that allow the environmental, social, and economic impact of processes to be assessed throughout the life cycle of products or services. The implementation of Sustainable and Circular Life Cycle Management from a managerial perspective could support firms to eradicate and quantify waste, preserve the inherent value of products and materials, encourage the adoption of renewable energies, and eliminate harmful chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges and advancements in protective clothing research in response to the changing world. It highlights the impact of the pandemic on emergency production solutions and medical protection. The article also addresses the need for sustainability in the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) without compromising user protection. It emphasizes the development of new materials, innovation in materials science, and the integration of smart textiles and wearables into PPE. The article also mentions the importance of ergonomic design, proper fit, and testing methods in ensuring the functional and comfortable use of protective clothing. Additionally, it discusses the modeling and prediction of material performance and the use of big databases and artificial intelligence solutions. The authors of the article are Kalev Kuklane and Anna Dąbrowska. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this investigation was: (i) to develop a model that supports sustainable product development, considering the quality aspect and the environmental impact in the product life cycle, and (ii) to establish a framework to select the proportion of the share of these aspects during product development decisions. This research concentrates on achieving products that meet customer demand and have environmentally friendly life cycles. It also supports the implementation of design activities at an early stage of product development, positioning the share of quality in relation to environmental impact. The model is based on creating hypothetical prototypes of current products, and this approach concentrated on aggregating the quality (customer satisfaction) with life cycle environmental impacts (as in ISO 14040). The model was developed in five main stages, including: (i) defining product prototypes according to the modifications of quality criteria most desired by customers, (ii) assessing the quality of prototypes according to the Q quality index, (iii) prospective assessment of the environmental impacts of the life cycles of prototypes according to the LCA environmental index, (iv) methodical integration of the above-mentioned indicators into one quality and environmental indicator QLCA, and (v) analysis of possible production solutions and setting the direction of product development, taking into account both quality and environmental aspects. This research was extended with a sensitivity analysis of the QLCA indicator, after which a framework for selecting the proportion of the Q and LCA indicator's share in product development decisions was established. The originality of this research is the ability of the developed model to facilitate eco-innovative product design and improvements while also selecting the share of qualitative and environmental aspects needed to develop sustainable products. The results provide a dynamic and effective tool for manufacturing companies; mainly designers and managers during qualitative and environmental prototyping of products commonly used by customers. The model will provide support in predicting a product that will be manufactured that will be satisfactory for customers and environmentally friendly based on LCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we provide insights about secondary school students' conversation about products' life cycles in relation to three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and ecological sustainable development but also what traces of view that appear in these conversations. Production and consumption are part of complex technological systems that affect nature and life on earth, and knowledge about these systems are required to achieve sustainable development. In technology education, students can have the opportunity to talk about products and their life cycles. Hence, this study aims to explore what emerges in students' conversations about products' life cycles in relation to sustainable development. Data collection was conducted in Sweden through seven semi-structured interviews, with in total 21 students participating in groups. All student responses have been analysed using thematic analysis to explore dimensions and views of sustainability. Results show that the students discuss with regard to all three dimensions of sustainable development. However, the phases of a product's life cycle occur to varying extent within the different sustainability dimensions. Additionally, the students also connect dimensions with both harmonious and contrasting perspectives but also talk about the dimensions isolated. When participating students discuss, traces of mainly anthropocentric and technocentric view emerge. This has implications for technology education, where for example deliberative conversations can be used for engaging students in sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a sounding rocket is an interdisciplinary activity, involving many domains and many stages. The alignment between the disciplines and life cycle stages is not straightforward. Much effort is required in life cycle model management and tailoring processes. In this article, an objective was set to make a comparative study and analysis of life cycle concepts related to Malaysian university‐scale sounding rocket development, to assist in any future life cycle tailoring. Toward that goal, a comprehensive review and analysis of the related life cycle models was performed. The review covered three dimensions: engineering standards, aerospace vehicle design (AVD), and actual sounding rockets projects. Many reviewed models were re‐prescribed using model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) diagrams. This allowed greater insight and better assistance for any future tailoring. This expedition stresses the importance of the proposed three‐dimensional reviewing of life cycles. Unconventional life cycle models (e.g., Western vs. Eastern) have also been included. It is argued that mapping the standards onto actual projects improved insight. One of the important outcomes is the demonstration of the importance of the concept of the centrality of the values in the development process, which shall govern the stakeholders’ requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to analyze the mindset of small-scale garment business actors from the perspectives of production and marketing, considering that these two aspects have an important role in creating added value in the value chain of small-scale garment businesses. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The type of data required is primary data obtained from in-depth interviews with actors from garment businesses located in Bandung City and Bandung Regency. The research results find that the mindset of small-scale garment entrepreneurs from a production perspective shows that most of them are oriented toward always looking for the best production methods and never feeling satisfied (creativity is not a methodology but a mindset). Given that the market for garment products wants to have a relatively fast product life cycle, the emergence of market responses to the products offered is an important input for garment businesses to produce market-oriented products. In relation to the production mindset, garment businesses pay attention to the marketing mindset, where customer loyalty is considered crucial since customers are valued as an asset that supports the business instead of a burden, and marketing is considered a margin center, not a cost center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is responsible for 5.4% of greenhouse gas emissions in the UK. Emissions in surgery is a relatively unexplored area; in particular, this hasn't yet been looked at as a whole in ENT in the UK. The purpose of the study was to quantify the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from a tonsillectomy and assess the proportion of each source's contribution. Operational data from tonsillectomies performed at a large university teaching hospital in the UK were gathered and converted to global warming potential using established conversion factors and data from existing healthcare-focused carbon footprint studies. The domains considered were waste, pharmaceuticals, surgical instrument decontamination, transportation, consumables use and utilities. This study used a process-based carbon footprint approach based on the "Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard". The carbon footprint of a typical case was 41 kgCO2e which is equivalent to driving a car for approximately 150 miles. Consumables were responsible for 17% of this; 14% came from transport, 5.4% from decontamination, 4.8% from pharmaceuticals and 4% from waste. However, the largest GHG was from utilities, of which heating, ventilation and air conditioning was the overwhelming contributor. While the largest sources of GHG emissions require hospital-wide initiatives, there are aspects of consumables and waste streams we can improve on in ENT surgery. These include the use of disposable vs reusable instruments as well as increased availability and use of recycling waste streams in theatres. Additionally, this study provides a template that can be applied to other ENT procedures. • Climate control was the top emitter, running 24/7 unnecessarily • Consumables were 2nd; surgeons should use reusables when possible • 3rd was staff and patient transport; reducible via active transport • Sevoflurane gas contributed significantly; reduce by optimal use & capture • Waste disposal was significant; reduce via proper use of waste streams [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of products remains a challenge, mainly due to the lack of consistent approaches for simultaneously taking into account the key criteria of the concept in the process. This research aims to develop an eco-innovative QLCA method to create new product solutions that integrate quality (customer satisfaction) and environmental impact assessment throughout the product life cycle. The QLCA method includes: (i) product prototyping according to quality and environmental criteria; (ii) prospective assessment of the quality of prototypes, taking into account customer requirements; (iii) prospective life cycle assessment of product prototypes using a cradle-to-grave approach in accordance with ISO 14040; and (iv) setting the direction of product development while taking into account the fulfilment of customer expectations and the need to care for the environment throughout the product life cycle. Owing to the lack of previous research in this area, as well as the popularity of photovoltaic (PV) panels in reducing greenhouse gases, an illustration was obtained and test of the method was carried out on the example of silicon photovoltaic panel modules (Crystalline Si PV Module). In accordance with the adopted assumptions, the results of the QLCA method test showed that the modelled PV prototypes will, in most cases, be satisfactory for customers, but they still require improvement actions to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions throughout their life cycle. These activities should be consistent so as to achieve quality that satisfies customers. The QLCA method can be used by designers, managers, and decision-makers at the early stages of design, but also during the product maturity phase for its sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the abundant plastics produced globally, and the negative environmental impacts of disposable plastic products throughout their life cycle, there has been significant attention drawn by the general public and governments worldwide. Mono-material multilayer packaging is a potent strategy to address the challenge of carbon emissions as it offers specific functionalities (such as strength and barrier properties) through its layers and facilitates recycling. In this study, a five-layer co-extruded polyethylene composite film LLDPE/mPE/PVA/mPE/LLDPE was taken as a model to investigate its mechanical properties and barrier properties after four recycling cycles. The result revealed that the longitudinal tensile strength and transvers tensile were, respectively, dropped from 29.66 MPa and 24.9 MPa to 21.972 MPa and 19.222 MPa after the recycling; it is shown that the film still has good mechanical properties after the recycling cycle. However, a noticeable decline in the barrier properties was observed after the second recycling. In contrast to traditional plastics, a mono-material film with a 10 wt.% circulating mass could reduce CO2 emissions by 3692.25 kg for every 1.0 ton of plastic products after four recycling cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combined the World Input–Output Database and Asian Development Bank's Multiregional Input–Output database to investigate Canada's embodied CO2 emissions in exports (EEE) for the period of 2000–2018. We examined the key drivers and paths through structural decomposition analysis and structural path analysis. First, the results showed that embodied emissions in the intermediate exports were the major contributor to Canada's EEE, and emission paths involving more than three countries were on the rise, indicating that the expansion of the global industrial supply chains has complicated the paths of Canada's EEE. Second, the factors such as emission intensity of sectors, export structure, and export scale, had varying influences on Canada's EEE over time. For several sectors, the benefit from reduced emission intensity was largely offset by the additional emissions from the increased export scale. Hence, the design of emission regulations should consider the heterogeneity of industrial sectors in order to mitigate emissions for the diverse industries in Canada. Third, energy and resource industries (e.g., electricity, petroleum, wood, metals, and so on) played an essential role in Canada's exports. A significant amount of embodied emissions was transferred from these sectors to the downstream sectors along the supply chain, indicating that abatement measures should be adopted from the whole life cycle perspective of a product/service through an integrated governance of the supply chain. This article met the requirements for a Gold–Silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental effect of a manufacturing or service method is determined by the resource and energy inputs and outputs at each point of the product's life cycle. In Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), generally, the material used for fabrication is plastic, and the raising of interest from different backgrounds of users could increase the issue of plastic pollution. Therefore, many scholars have proposed an initiative to employ bio-composite in FDM. In this study, an environmental assessment of global warming potential and fine particulate matter emission from the fabrication of bio-composite filament FDM was performed through its life cycle analysis using GaBi Software. Initially, data on resources and energy inputs and outputs were gathered. The functional unit in this study was the 1.0 kg wood/PLA composite filament extruded using a twin-screw extruder. All wastes were collected and recycled. The fabricated composite filaments were transported by container ship with a capacity of 5000 - 200 000 dwt gross weight for 100 km within Malaysia. Based on the results from the GaBi dashboard, the FDM process of bio-composite filament has contributed as much as 138.7 kg CO2 eq on the global warming potential and 1.71e-4 kg N eq. on fine particulate matter by the electricity power generation in extrusion and printing processes. The main factor for this issue is the consumption of coal in electric power generation, which is considered a non-renewable resource. Therefore, it is recommended that natural fibers such as wood fiber be employed in the filament of FDM to reduce the environmental impact. As shown in the study, the materials contribute less to the impact. Further study is suggested to compare the FDM technology with conventional technology using similar materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between product life cycle and book-to-market effect on cross-sectional stock returns. While previous papers suggest that the book-to-market effect is related to a firm's market value and fundamental value, this paper examines the product life cycle, which directly affects future cash flows. We find that the book-to-market effect is stronger for firms with a long product life cycle, which is consistent with the mispricing story in explaining the book-to-market effect. We further find that the role of product life cycle is more critical for firms with high investor limited attention, and that the product life cycle in part explains intangible returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To encourage consumers to reuse their used products, some manufacturers launch second‐hand platforms while others adopt sharing platforms. Which platform benefits them more is an interesting problem for such manufacturers. To address this problem, we propose a two‐period model in which heterogeneous consumers decide whether to buy new products in Period 1 or to rent (buy) used products on the platform in Period 2. Under a proportional transaction fee, we show that the two platforms can benefit the manufacturer if the unit production cost is high, and the valuation difference is low or the number of high‐value consumers in Period 1 is fewer than in Period 2. Moreover, the two platforms are equivalent when the salvage value is 0. When the salvage value is positive, the second‐hand platform benefits the manufacturer more than the sharing platform. The sharing platform induces the manufacturer to set a higher sale price than the second‐hand platform when the unit production cost is high and there are fewer high‐value consumers in Period 1. Otherwise, the sale and reselling prices are higher under the second‐hand platform. We also consider the cases with a general consumer valuation distribution, multiple product life cycles, and a fixed transaction fee. Our findings can help manufacturers make the decision on platform choice to handle used products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to propose a collaborative knowledge-based ontological research model for designing a collaborative product development process (PDP) while considering different design for X techniques. Design/methodology/approach: This study follows a thematic literature analysis to identify the key design concepts needed to assess environmental, service, safety, manufacture and assembly, supply chain and quality concerns in developing a collaborative PDP. Findings: The proposed model provides a guide for methodology, engineering and ontology evaluation metrics (verification, assessment and validation). The findings benefit both practitioners and managers because they address the key knowledge taxonomy needed to assist them in storing information, promoting teamwork and making decisions in a collaborative PDP while incorporating various design for X approaches and product life cycles. Originality/value: This study introduces a novel knowledge-based collaborative ontological research model, which is specifically designed to tackle the challenges of developing collaborative products in the contemporary landscape. The model presents a significant and valuable contribution to the field by introducing an ontological approach for acquiring, representing and leveraging knowledge in a computer-interpretable format to support the design of collaborative products. In addition, it provides a comprehensive guide for evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of the ontology developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vegetables are an important component of healthy diet has the most major significance both by the most crucial agricultural product and %23.03 percentage in food and nonalcoholic beverages main expense group of our country's inflation basket. In this study, cost formation of fresh vegetable product life cycle chain has been analyzed step by step by field research from producers to last consumer and evaluated with other countries' implementations and their literature review. It has been studied for a beneficial system for end users producers including vegetable producers, governmental institutions, and enterprises and including other related shareholders by evaluating vegetable life cycle to understand crucial, efficient factors and intend for improve income of producers. There are suggestions intended for empowering position of producer organizations and associations over other regular members to strengthen the role of farmer in food chain. Periodic excess in raw vegetable prices, performing food inflation problem and sustainable solution suggestions have been unfolded. It is obvious that if raw vegetable product supply chain removed from this complication, there could be much decrease in product life cycle cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]