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Cet article s’intéresse à la question de la représentativité administrative des femmes aux instances de prise de décision au Tchad. La démarche méthodologie a été basée sur l’exploitation de l’ordonnance n°12/PR/2018 du 22/05/2018, instituant la parité dans la fonction nominative et élective au Tchad et le décret 0433/PR/MFPPE/2021 portant application de l’ordonnance 012 instituant la parité dans les fonctions nominatives et électives en République du Tchad. L’analyse de ces données permettra d’apprécier la problématique de la sous représentativité des femmes dans les instances de prise de décision à tous les niveaux.

Copyright of Recherche et Cas en Sciences de Gestion is the property of EMS Editions - In Quarto SARL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Bouhouth is the property of London Research & Consulting Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La pratique fondée sur les preuves (EBP) est une approche qui encourage les cliniciens à fonder leur pratique et leurs décisions cliniques sur des preuves (piliers de l'EBP) afin d'améliorer la qualité des soins aux patients. Cependant, l'état des connaissances et des pratiques des psychologues en Europe francophone est encore inconnu. L'objectif de cette étude était de savoir ce que les psychologues connaissaient de l'EBP et s'ils utilisaient cette approche dans leur pratique quotidienne. Un questionnaire de 50 questions à choix multiples destiné aux psychologues belges francophones a été mis en ligne sur les réseaux sociaux. Les questions portaient sur les connaissances et les croyances des psychologues concernant l'EBP et les informations qui guident les cliniciens dans leur pratique. Un total de 110 psychologues ont répondu à l'enquête. Seul un tiers des psychologues interrogés savait ce qu'était l'EBP. Dans leur prise de décision quotidienne, les cliniciens s'appuient sur leur expérience passée, les connaissances accumulées, et les difficultés présentées par le patient, mais les publications scientifiques, les préférences, et les opinions du patient en matière de traitement et les avis d'experts guident peu leur pratique. En outre, les obstacles perçus par les psychologues qui connaissaient l'EBP, tels que le manque de connaissances et de savoir-faire, semblent empêcher les psychologues d'utiliser l'EBP dans leur pratique quotidienne. Un manque de connaissance de l'EBP chez les psychologues belges a été mis en évidence. De plus, les comportements mis en œuvre dans la pratique quotidienne n'étaient pas entièrement conformes à ce qui est recommandé dans l'approche EBP. Les données de l'enquête indiquent qu'il y a un besoin de formations pour les cliniciens afin d'améliorer leur compréhension de la pratique. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that encourages clinicians to base their clinical decisions on evidence (pillars) to improve the quality of patient care. However, the state of knowledge and practice of psychologists in French speaking Europe is still unknown. The aim of this study was to find out what these psychologists know about EBP and whether they use it in their daily practice. A questionnaire of 50 multiple-choice questions for French-speaking Belgian psychologists was posted online on social networks. The questions focused on psychologists' knowledge and beliefs about EBP and the information that guides clinicians in their practice. A total of 110 psychologists responded to the survey. Only one third of the psychologists surveyed knew what PBA was. In their daily decision making, clinicians rely on past experience, accumulated knowledge and the difficulties presented by the patient, but scientific literature, patient preferences and opinions about treatment and expert opinions provide little guidance in their practice. Furthermore, perceived barriers, such as lack of knowledge and know-how, seem to prevent psychologists from using EBP in their daily practice. A lack of knowledge of EBP among psychologists was revealed. Furthermore, the behaviours implemented in daily practice were not fully in line with the EBP. The survey data indicate that there is a need for more training for clinicians to improve their understanding of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing women's decision-making autonomy in developing countries constitutes one of the recognised approaches to improving maternal healthcare service utilisation. The inability of women to make decisions about their health, the lack of universal health insurance, and inadequate health facilities are contributing factors to high maternal mortality rates in many countries in the developing world. This study explored women's decision-making autonomy over maternal healthcare in Ghana. The authors used a mixed method design, collecting quantitative data through a survey of 163 pregnant and lactating mothers from private and public health centres in Madina, a suburb of Accra in the Greater Accra Region. They also gathered qualitative data from four nurses/midwives and 40 women and their partners. The study identified a clear dominance of men over women in making maternal health decisions, explained mainly by cultural, financial and religious factors. It also identified two other decision-making processes influenced by economic factors: a balanced or democratic decision-making process and a women-dominated decision-making process. The paper concludes that there is a need for a change in cultural norms and stereotypes, particularly concerning the supply side of health services and the factors driving individuals to seek quality and appropriate maternal health care. Presently, these decisions are heavily influenced by cultural and economic patriarchal relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Impact Assessment's incorporation into neoliberal management systems did not enhance their capacity to actually respond to social impacts. Efforts to integrate 'social' and 'environmental' assessments largely assumed that Social Impact Assessment rightfully belonged to key practitioners (professionals, academics, and corporate and government decision-makers). This article advocates rethinking ontological foundations for a different sort of Social Impact Assessment. It starts from an understanding that the social domain is always and inescapably connected across scales from the microbial, through the global to the cosmological. Building from experience working with Indigenous peoples, it recognizes that although ontological separation of social, environmental and other categories of impact assessment may well facilitate project approval, it also renders industrial systems deaf and blind to many of the most pressing risks facing coupled human and natural systems at multiple scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article présente une méthode d’extraction de connaissances à partir d’un data Warehouse en utilisant des techniques de nuées dynamiques et d’arbres de décision. L’utilisation de nuées dynamiques permet de visualiser les relations entre les données et les connaissances extraites, tandis que les arbres de décision sont utilisés pour identifier les règles et les motifs dans les données. Cette approche permet aux utilisateurs d’explorer et d’analyser les données de manière interactive, facilitant ainsi la prise de décision.

Les groupes de prépa-concours prolifèrent dans la ville de Yaoundé. Ces projets éducatifs non formels restent des cadres privilégiés d’apprentissage pour de nombreux candidats aux concours d’entrée dans les grandes écoles du pays. Cette réflexion interroge les modalités décisionnelles contribuant au choix des sites d’activités par les manageurs desdites offres de service. Autrement dit, quels sont les indicateurs qui expliquent et président au choix des sites d’activité par les manageurs de ces organisations éducatives ? Deux approches théoriques sont croisées : l’optimisation des localisations de Von Thüner (1826) et la rationalité limitée dans la prise de décision d’Herbert Simon (1978). L’étude de type mixte et triangulaire adopte une démarche empirico-déductive. Elle se déploie en trois paliers : observation de terrain, analyse des contenus et administration des questionnaires aux pilotes de ces organisations éducatives (N=50). La cartographique des groupes de prépa-concours de la ville de Yaoundé révèle que le choix de localisation de ces projets éducatifs tient compte non seulement de la présence du milieu universitaire (Universités et Cité U) et des grandes écoles, mais aussi des espaces scolaires et non scolaires pouvant abriter en leurs seins des activités d’enseignement-apprentissages et de formation.

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning is the property of Society for Teaching & Learning in Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This summary reports on the design and proceedings of a collaborative case-based workshop and panel on how we ‘ought’ to consider the best interests of children in medical decisionmaking, presented virtually at the Canadian Bioethics Society - Société Canadienne de Bioéthique Workshop and Community Forum in May of 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the National Engagement in Canadian Bioethics workshop and community forum organized by the Canadian Bioethics Society in 2023. The forum aimed to share knowledge and reflections on various topics in bioethics and provide opportunities for ongoing discussion and community-building. The workshops covered areas such as standardization in the field, embedding ethics into policy and decision-making, and addressing the moral impact of working in health systems. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of ongoing discussion and collaboration in Canadian bioethics. [Extracted from the article]

RÉSUMÉLes dernières saisons d’étiage ont été intenses et durables en Île-de-France. Cet enjeu majeur en métropole devient de plus en plus problématique au fil des ans. Cela a amené l’Unité Hydrométrie (UH) d’Île-de-France à de multiples réflexions autour de la communication et de la qualification annuelle des étiages. Le suivi de l’étiage consiste dans la production d’un bulletin toutes les deux semaines et d’un tableau de synthèse intermédiaire. Ils intègrent un résumé des observations induisant un passage des seuils d’étiage, un indice de confiance sur les données publiées et une analyse synthétique de la situation. Cependant, un besoin d’analyses approfondies s’est fait sentir et des bilans interannuels sont produits sur la base des statistiques : Q3JN annuel (moyenne glissante sur 3 jours consécutifs du débit journalier la plus basse de l’année), durée en dessous des seuils d’étiage pour caractériser le stress hydrique. Ainsi, l’UH a travaillé sur un nouvel indicateur, la sévérité. Cet indicateur agrège l’intensité et la durée sous un seuil : il rapporte la moyenne des écarts du QJ (débit journalier) à ce seuil avec la durée cumulée en dessous de ce seuil. La représentation graphique de ces trois grandeurs (durée de l’étiage, intensité et sévérité) permet de caractériser et comparer les étiages d’une année à l’autre. Cela fournit de nouveaux outils, notamment visuels, pour mieux gérer et communiquer sur les étiages. De nouvelles évolutions sont encore envisagées concernant l’anticipation de l’étiage, la notion de seuil d’étiage, le retour des utilisateurs des données …

Sending patients "home to fail" while anticipating their speedy readmittance is, prima facie, ethically troubling as are all unsafe discharges. However, "home to fail" cases may also be covertly ethically troubling insofar as they raise questions of medical paternalism due to a motivational component which drives these types of cases: by discharging a patient "home to fail" she will come to appreciate that living at home is unsafe and thus unwise, prompting her to choose differently in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a subtype of frontotemporal dementia characterized by changes in personality, social behaviour, and cognition. Although neural abnormalities cause bvFTD patients to struggle with inhibiting problematic behaviour, they are generally considered fully autonomous individuals. Subsequently, bvFTD patients demonstrate understanding of right and wrong but are unable to act in accordance with moral norms. To investigate the ethical, legal, and social issues associated with bvFTD, we conducted a scoping review of academic literature with inclusion & exclusion criteria and codes derived from our prior work. Among our final sample of fifty-six articles, four mentioned bvFTD patientoffenders as unfit to stand trial by insanity, and sixteen mentioned the use of dementia evidence in a court of law to better understand the autonomy of bvFTD patients. Additional emergent issues that were discovered include: training police officers to handle situations involving bvFTD patients and educating healthcare providers on how to help caregivers navigate bvFTD. The current literature highlights the inadequacy of traditional applications of medico-legal categories such as autonomy, capacity and competence, in informing cognitive capacity assessments in clinical and legal settings and deserves consideration by neuroethicists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-making practices related to the allocation of medical resources and the treatment of the elderly inform us about the ethics present in the health care setting and at the societal level. The comparison between decision-making in the daily context and the particularity of a pandemic ethics highlights the transition between a non-pandemic ethics and a "pandethics". The public health ethics approach, particularly utilitarian, has been brought forward in a prominent way in the ethical debates and dilemmas surrounding resource allocation and prioritization. By raising the oppositions and issues associated with age rationing discourses and choices, the question of the treatment of the elderly in the context of COVID-19, and the ageism experienced in this context, emerges. At the same time, difficult ethical decisions and choices are intertwined with the caregiver's duty to care, and therefore the possibility of moral injury. Conflict emerges between ethical decision-making practices and the caregiver's personal or professional values, as the balance between various duties is upset. Alternative approaches and ethics are thus put forward in light of the situations experienced, particularly in the context of long-term care. The thesis developed here aims to support the added value of anthropology to decision-making processes and its more formal integration into well-known approaches in bioethics. Using an anthropological perspective, I conclude by exploring avenues of reflection associated with the ethics of discussion, vulnerability, feminism, or care as other ways of approaching decision-making in the context of a pandemic, at a time when ethical and social reflection is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Dans le cadre du congrès de la Société francophone de santé et environnement (SFSE) qui a eu lieu du 15 au 26 novembre 2021, une session a été consacrée à la place de l'expertise dans la crise en santé-environnement. En son sein, une table ronde a réuni différent acteurs autour de la question « Entre connaissance scientifique et prise de décision : deux approches complémentaires mais différentes ». En relation avec cette question, l'objectif est ici de préciser, au travers d'un exemple, quelle peut être la place des services techniques des collectivités territoriales dans les processus qui intègrent, en santé environnementale, les connaissances scientifiques disponibles en vue de la prise de décision à l'échelle locale, et d'ouvrir quelques pistes de réflexions sur ces processus eux-mêmes. During the congress of the Société francophone de santé et environnement, which took place from November 15 to 26, 2021, a session was devoted to the place of scientific expertise in the context of environmental health crises. Within this session, a round table brought together different participants around the topic: "Between scientific knowledge and decision-making: two complementary but different approaches." One response to this question used an example that explored the place of a local authority to integrate scientific knowledge into the decision-making processes in the field of environmental health. It also presented some reflections on these processes themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background: In full expansion, the serious game is a video game for educational purposes, i. e. a virtual simulation device on digital equipment combining game elements and an educational objective. This pedagogical tool allows for experiential learning; therefore, it can be used to train health professionals in clinical reasoning and decision-making. Objective: Based on theoretical arguments and on a targeted narrative review of the literature, this paper takes stock of the documented impacts of the effectiveness of serious games for the training of health professionals and formulates some pedagogical perspectives. Analysis: Serious games allow for the operationalization of four conditions that promote learning: attention, active cognitive engagement, feedback and consolidation. Although heterogeneous, the evidence in the literature shows that, under certain conditions, serious games can support learning that enhances decision-making in a manner comparable to traditional devices. Some uncertainty remains as to their exact place in relation to other devices using digital resources or other pedagogical methods. Further pedagogical research is needed in areas such as motivation and pedagogical modalities. Conclusion: Serious games are one of the pedagogical tools available to teachers when they wish to offer their students active and experiential learning opportunities, for example in the context of training focused on decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’usage des nouvelles technologies en agriculture de précision est une solution pour l’évolution démographique mondiale et ses besoins alimentaires face aux changements climatiques. L’expérimentation s’est basée sur le suivi du cycle végétatif d’une culture de pomme de terre de saison variété "Spunta" installée à différents interlignes, écartements et profondeurs de plantation par la technique d’imagerie RVB en utilisant un capteur sophistiqué embarqué sur drone. Afin d’améliorer le système de production et l’adapter au contexte du réchauffement climatique à travers les différents réglages sur la planteuse de pomme de terre, des indices de végétation ont été calculés à partir des images capturées tels que les indices GA, GGA, CSI, NGRDI et TGI indicateurs de la biomasse du végétal et son état de santé conduisant ainsi à une prise de décision correcte en termes d’apport nutritif et de traitement phytosanitaire. La combinaison suivante des facteurs interligne, inter-plant et profondeur de plantation respectifs IL = 90 cm, IP = 28 cm et P = 10 cm a révélé de meilleurs résultats en termes de tonnage et de calibre de pomme de terre.

Since 2005, performing acts or administering treatmentswhen they appear to be useless, disproportionate or having no other effect than the artificial prolongation of life, defining the unreasonableness of a curative treatment, is prohibited by the French law. In the case of nonemancipated underage patients, the physician in charge is required to respect a collegial procedure before deciding to withhold or withdraw treatments. A preformatted sheet, to be filled during the deliberation, makes it possible, to recall the legal elements that the procedure must include, and the medical and non-medical arguments that must be considered to guarantee the quality of the discussion before the physician makes his or her decision. It thus ensures the tracing of the justification of this medical decision, and establishes a framework for the information given to holders of parental authority. Through formalization it, it constitutes an undeniable educational tool for the ethical and palliative acculturation of caregivers who are less experienced in this process. Finally, it can facilitate research work by providing easier access to systematized data. The institutionalization of such a sheet, authorizing all caregivers in the same hospital to share the same document, facilitates the appropriation of the tool by everyone. The computerization of the sheet, within the shared medical file, should allow the optimization of the sharing of the information to all the caregivers who require it, and the essential updating of the decision, after a maximum period of three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of STICEF is the property of Sciences et Techniques de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Education et la Formation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of STICEF is the property of Sciences et Techniques de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Education et la Formation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the complexity of decision-making and the judgment of military policemen of the 26th Minas Gerais Police Battalion, using their discretionary police power during the action of a police approach. In this way, the general objective will be to highlight the variables and factors associated with this "power", through observations and self-confrontations in the field, making use of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work. The whole text will analyze the following problem: how are decisions made in a police approach? What has been realized is that a large part of the decisions and judgments are based on skills resulting from the appropriate coupling of the agent's experiences with the situation found. The key point of the skill are the experiences accumulated in different situations. Therefore, all detection skills are relative; it depends on the context and on the suspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]