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Devido às suas características altamente perecíveis, as hortaliças apresentam os maiores níveis de perdas na fase de pós-colheita. A Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável define o ODS 12, que busca assegurar padrões de produção e consumo sustentáveis, e redução de metade do desperdício de alimentos per capita no mundo, além da redução das perdas de alimentos ao longo de toda a cadeia de produção e suprimentos. O aprimoramento da cadeia de produção desses produtos representa um importante papel para a saúde, para a segurança alimentar e para o combate à fome. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetiva investigar as práticas antiperdas na fase pós-colheita em uma cadeia de abastecimento de hortaliças de um município do interior paulista, dada a importância da agricultura familiar no Brasil e a urgência para a diminuição das perdas de alimentos. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, com revisão de literatura e documental, utilizando o método do estudo de caso único, realizado junto a um agricultor familiar, e questionário para levantar dados primários a respeito do tema. Entre os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que as ações antiperdas praticadas na cadeia partem do principal membro (produtor), que solicita constantemente uma maior atenção quanto à forma de apresentação dos produtos ao consumidor, colheita mais próxima possível do horário de entrega aos mercados, e colaboração dos parceiros quanto à entrega de quantidades de acordo ao que é absorvido pelo mercado, evitando as perdas nas câmaras frias.

In Brazil the quality required by dairy is established through regulations 76 and 77. This chapter aims to identify the technical quality requirements evaluated in the supply of raw milk by dairy companies located in the state of São Paulo. Using the voice of the customer (VOC) it is possible to identify compatible internal requirements to drive the improvement process. The results indicate the need for actions to raise awareness of the agents involved in the dairy production chain. First, the role of the dairy, in understanding that the legal parameters must be measured and controlled, given the perishability of milk. Second, producers and dairies must understand that superior milk quality results in better quality products, and to achieve this, the actions carried out on the property and evaluated parameters must be worked out through action plans. Finally, that action plans will only be successful if they are carried out in partnership with the rural producer, understanding that the gain will occur if everyone works collectively and not individually along the production chain.

Milk and its derivatives are among the foods most consumed by the population, capable of meeting important nutritional needs of humans. As the consumer market is increasingly demanding in terms of quality of the milk produced, the difficulty in maintaining and controlling these points is an issue present in several studies. Quality can be influenced from the type of production system in which the milk is produced, passing through nutritional and sanitary management, to the environment in which the animals remain during their productive life. This chapter presents a brief characterization of the dairy production chain in Brazil and the federal legislation that governs the production and quality of the milk produced. Some results of research on milk quality in shared tanks carried out by the Kamby Research Group with small rural producers in the Tupã/SP region are also presented. Finally, factors that affect the quality of milk and future actions to improve the dairy production chain are pointed out.

Dairy farming is one of the most relevant sectors of Brazilian agribusiness and it has high socioeconomic importance to the nutrition and food safety of the population. In 2019, Brazil was ranked as the sixth largest milk producer in worldwide. However, the state of São Paulo has been particularly showing a gradual decrease in the country’s prominence regarding milk production, as it was downgraded from the second largest producer in 1990 to the sixth one in 2019. In this context, the general objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of the dairy farming system in the state from Sao Paulo. For such a purpose, this work was developed through an exploratory research of a quantitative nature. Moreover, a literature review on the subject and documental research allowed analyzing the explanatory factors of productivity changes in dairy farming activities, and it was found that the state of São Paulo presented a significant reduction in its cattle herd and milked cows during the period of analysis (1990-2019), thus leading to lower milk production. Despite managing to increase its milk productivity rates, the state has not followed the nation’s growth trend for the sector. A combination of these factors explains such a reduction in São Paulo's prominence nationwide. Its productive structure does not seem to be an influencing factor in such dynamics, since the features of production in small farms and Family Farming are similar among its main producing states and the country as a whole.

The chapter aimed to understand the phases of quality function deployment (QFD) in agribusiness supply chain in the food sector. A literature review (LR) was analyzed a time frame of the latest 10-year publications of 30 scientific articles. Thus, results pointed out articles related to QFD applications in the food supply chain in which a scenario composed mostly of occasional publications is found. Such applications vary in product improvement or supply chain improvement, quality analysis of existing products, development of new products that satisfy consumers' desires, and quality planning; however, the application of other theories and tools related to QFD is recurrent, and there are few articles about the implementation of all QFD phases. It also found a greater predominance of performing the steps to build the HoQ (house of quality) corresponding to the “what?” of the voice of the customer matrix, the “how?” of the voice of the expert matrix, the “what and how?” of relationship and technical benchmarking matrices to determine target values.

Periods of interruption of activities, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, directly impact several economic sectors, the flow of goods, services, and information, as well as the supply chains. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the flow of information in the supply chain of pizza restaurants that operate in a certain city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. To this end, a multiple case study was conducted using a qualitative exploratory approach with questionnaires applied to four companies in this sector. The data collected was tabulated and showed that this supply chain suffered a negative impact, considering the comparison between the period before the pandemic and during the quarantine. These companies maintained their normal operations and supply; however, there was a need to readjust the prices of their products. Furthermore, cost and stock management needed to be reviewed, searching for new suppliers and products, agility in delivery, and more favorable payment terms. As a limitation of the research, we point out its qualitative nature and the low number of interviewees. Its value consists in contributing to the knowledge in terms of informational management in the foodservice supply chain in atypical situations such as the current global health crisis. Los períodos de interrupción de actividades, como la pandemia COVID-19, impactan directamente a varios sectores económicos, al flujo de bienes, servicios e información, así como al suministro de sus cadenas. En este contexto, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el flujo de información en la cadena de suministro de las pizzerías que operan en un determinado municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples mediante un enfoque exploratorio cualitativo con la aplicación de cuestionarios a cuatro empresas de este sector. Los datos recolectados fueron tabulados y mostraron que esta cadena de suministro sufrió un impacto negativo considerando la comparación entre el período anterior a la pandemia y durante la cuarentena. Estas empresas mantuvieron su funcionamiento y oferta normales, sin embargo, existía la necesidad de ajustar los precios de sus productos finales. Además, se necesitaba revisar la gestión de inventarios y costos, buscando nuevos proveedores y productos, agilidad en la entrega y condiciones de pago más favorables. Como limitación de la investigación se señala su carácter cualitativo y el escaso número de encuestados. Su valor consiste en contribuir al conocimiento sobre la gestión de la información en las cadenas de suministro del foodservice en situaciones atípicas como la actual crisis sanitaria mundial. Períodos de interrupção de atividades, como a pandemia COVID-19, impactam diretamente diversos setores econômicos, o fluxo de bens, serviços e informações, assim como o abastecimento de suas cadeias. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o fluxo de informação na cadeia de abastecimento de pizzarias que atuam em determinado município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de múltiplos casos utilizando abordagem qualitativa exploratória com aplicação de questionários a quatro empresas desse setor. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e demonstraram que essa cadeia de abastecimento sofreu impacto negativo, considerando a comparação entre o período anterior à pandemia e durante a quarentena. Tais empresas mantiveram o funcionamento e a oferta habitual, porém, houve a necessidade de reajuste de preços em seus produtos. Além disso, a gestão de custos e de estoque precisou ser revista, buscando por novos fornecedores e produtos, agilidade na entrega e condições de pagamento mais favoráveis. Como limitação da pesquisa, aponta-se seu caráter qualitativo e a baixa quantidade de entrevistados. Seu valor consiste em colaborar com o conhecimento sobre a gestão informacional em cadeias de suprimentos do foodservice em situações atípicas como a atual crise sanitária mundial.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:18:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The constant use of synthetic antibiotics as growth promoters can cause bacterial resistance in chicks. Consequently, the use of these drugs has been restricted in different countries. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides have gained relevance due to their minimal capacity for bacterial resistance and does not generate toxic residues that harm the environment and human health. In this study, a Ctx(Ile21 )-Ha antimicrobial peptide was employed, due to its previously reported great antimicrobial potential, to evaluate its application effects in laying chicks challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis, resistant to nalidixic acid and spectinomycin. For this, Ctx(Ile21 )-Ha was synthesized, microencapsulated and coated with hypromellose phthalate (HPMCP) to be released in the intestine. Two different doses (3.2 and 6.4 µg of Ctx(Ile21 )-Ha per kg of isoproteic and isoenergetic poultry feed) were included in the chick’s food and administered for 28 days. Antimicrobial activity, effect and response as treatment were evaluated. Statistical results were analyzed in detail and indicate that the formulated Ctx(Ile21 )-Ha peptide had a positive and significant effect in relation to the reduction of chick mortality in the first days of life. However, there was moderate evidence (p = 0.07), not considered statistically significant, in the differences in laying chick weight between the control and microencapsulation treatment groups as a function of time. Therefore, the microencapsulated Ctx(Ile21 )-Ha antimicrobial peptide can be an interesting and promising option in the substitution of conventional antibiotics. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp) Poultry Health Specialized Laboratory Biological Institute School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: 2016/00446-7 FAPESP: 2018/25707-3

Paper aims The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic, social, and environmental impacts of logistics activities of a dairy producer located in Brazil. Originality The main contribution is to apply a quantitative approach to assessing sustainable logistics in the milk supply chain, serving as a basis for future work on this theme. Research method A single case study of a regional producer of dairy products in Brazil is carried out in this research. A sustainable logistics evaluation model was used that quantitatively measures the impact of transportation, storage (including inventory management and material handling activities), packaging, and acquisition activities in the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Main findings It illustrates the challenge that a Small Medium Enterprise (SME) will have to expand its logistics actions, aiming to generate benefit to the consumer because of actions in the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Implications for theory and practice This research expands the literature, as it brings together topics such as sustainability, logistics, supply chain, and agribusiness. The baseline is in the case study with quantitative data that allows us to answer the question of how to be sustainable now, rather than waiting for supply chains to do it first so we can discover it.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:34:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162017000500848.pdf: 657750 bytes, checksum: e5040008bc49413ff2867febcc01abd0 (MD5) Lighting, either in its intensity or in its luminous spectrum, affects the eggs quality. This study evaluated the effect of four lamps (sodium vapor lamp, mercury vapor lamp, fluorescent lamp and incandescent lamp) that have different luminous spectra in the form of commercial poultry eggs. For this, 60 laying hens of the same age were separated for 63 days in four aviaries with reduced and distorted scale. In each treatment, different lamps were installed which provided similar luminous intensities. At the end of the period, these eggs were taken as samples for the fluorescent, incandescent, mercury vapor and sodium vapor lamps. In this way, images were made of these eggs, using a camera installed on a fixed tripod on a flat table with black background. In a room with controlled lighting, ensuring the same distance and angle for all eggs. The Matlab® program was used to perform the image analysis, recording measurements of area, perimeter and minimum and maximum distances of the mass center of each egg. The measurements were grouped by treatment and the Tukey's test of averages was applied. The results showed that the eggs removed from the sodium vapor treatment presented a more elongated shape. It is concluded that the light spectrum of the lamps affects the shape of the eggs and this should be considered in the planning of lighting programs in aviaries. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:38:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162018000400478.pdf: 246472 bytes, checksum: ab8626d895635e60a8510791e6700dca (MD5) The conventional production of eggs in cage systems is intense and compromises the laying hens welfare. More demanding consumer markets have been pushing to abolish the use of cages and thus provide better welfare in poultry laying. This research evaluated the mortality, production, and egg quality of two alternative production systems (free-range and organic free range free-range) and compared them with the conventional system. The research was carried out in two commercial poultry farms and the variables egg weight, shell egg resistance, Haugh unit, mortality and production were recorded during eight months. The results showed that the conventional system presented better production, lower mortality and better shell egg quality. The alternative systems had better internal egg quality. Alternative systems had greater variability in outcomes and problems with disease control, which indicate greater difficulty for proper management. Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering

A diferenciação dos alimentos proporciona um produto de melhor qualidade ao consumidor final. O aumento da exigência dos consumidores pela qualidade dos produtos alimentares força para que as organizações desenvolvam instrumentos com maior eficiência na segurança, diferenciação e na agregação de valor aos seus produtos. A rastreabilidade proporciona ao consumidor, através de legislação comunitária, a garantia de um produto que está sendo rastreado em todas as fases do processo produtivo, permitindo também voltar às origens, fornecendo informações úteis para corrigir e aperfeiçoar as cadeias. Objetivou-se com esta revisão abordar a produção de carne com qualidade à consumidores exigentes.

A diferenciação dos alimentos proporciona um produto de melhor qualidade ao consumidor final. O aumento da exigência dos consumidores pela qualidade dos produtos alimentares força para que as organizações desenvolvam instrumentos com maior eficiência na segurança, diferenciação e na agregação de valor aos seus produtos. A rastreabilidade proporciona ao consumidor, através de legislação comunitária, a garantia de um produto que está sendo rastreado em todas as fases do processo produtivo, permitindo também voltar às origens, fornecendo informações úteis para corrigir e aperfeiçoar as cadeias. Objetivou-se com esta revisão abordar a produção de carne com qualidade à consumidores exigentes.

The search for productivity in the laying poultry resulted in the adoption of technologies that increased the production results and maximized the contribution margins. However, the production model in cages, currently predominant in the posture of poultry, it has been contested by the market, especially with regard to the non provision of minimum conditions of well-being, which has pushed many countries to develop legal devices to oblige the producers to adopt alternative models of rearing laying. At the same time, productivity and quality of systems eggs that recomend animal welfare are still questioned. In this sense the objective of this study was to compare the external quality of eggs from a layer farm with alternative system of poultry (organic ) and a farm with conventional system of rearing laying. Egg production of the two farming systems was accompanied on the records of each of the farms for four months. The analysis of the egg shell quality was carried out using samples of 60 eggs for each of the two production systems every 30 days. The results were monitored for four months in the two farming systems and compared with what is indicated in the line of management manual for each age. The conventional system showed a better external egg quality, the weight and egg shell strength, however for peel strength, the values ​​of both systems were lower than the references.

Infrared thermography (IRT) is an alternative non-invasive method that has been studied as a tool for identifying many physiological and pathological processes related to changes in body temperature. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the body surface temperature of Jersey dairy cattle in a thermoneutral environment in order to contribute to the determination of a body surface temperature pattern for animals of this breed in a situation of thermal comfort. Twenty-four Jersey heifers were used over a period of 35 days at APTA Brazil. Measurements were performed on all animals, starting with the physiological parameters. Body surface temperature was measured by IRT collecting images in different body regions: left and right eye area, right and left eye, caudal left foreleg, cranial left foreleg, right and left flank, and forehead. High correlations were observed between temperature and humidity index (THI) and right flank, left flank and forehead temperatures (0.85, 0.81, and 0.81, respectively). The IRT variables that exhibited the five highest correlation coefficients in principal component 1 were, in decreasing order: forehead (0.90), right flank (0.87), left flank (0.84), marker 1 caudal left foreleg (0.83), marker 2 caudal left foreleg (0.74). The THI showed a high correlation coefficient (0.88) and moderate to low correlations were observed for the physiological variables rectal temperature (0.43), and respiratory frequency (0.42). The thermal profile obtained indicates a surface temperature pattern for each region studied in a situation of thermal comfort and may contribute to studies investigating body surface temperature. Among the body regions studied, IRT forehead temperature showed the highest association with rectal temperature, and forehead and right and left flank temperatures are strongly associated with THI and may be adopted in future studies on thermoregulation and body heat production.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de suplementação de luz no desenvolvimento, desempenho e comportamento de bezerros em aleitamento e o uso da câmera termográfica como método para avaliação de variáveis fisiológicas por método não invasivo. O experimento foi realizado na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, em Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros Jersey e mestiços da raça, divididos em dois tratamentos, com e sem programa de suplementação de luz artificial. O programa de suplementação de luz artificial consistiu em 6 h de luz artificial (das 00:00 as 6:00 h), completando 18 horas de luz por dia. Foram avaliadas as características fisiológicas dos animais: frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura da superfície do pelame (TSP), temperatura auricular (TA), temperatura caudal (TC) e temperatura retal (TR). A ingestão de ração e água também foi estudada. Avaliou-se também o desenvolvimento dos animais através dos ganhos médios diários de peso (GPMD), de altura, de comprimento e de perímetro torácico (PT). Foi estudado o comportamento social e ingestivo dos animais. E por fim, através de cinco coletas de dados em dias de alta entalpia, onde os dados foram registrados em quatro horários (18:00, 00:00, 06:00 e 12:00 h). Foram registradas as seguintes variáveis fisiológicas: TSP e TC, TA, e TR (método convencional). As fotos termográficas foram registradas com uma câmera termográfica, nos mesmos dias e horários de registros das variáveis fisiológicas pelo método convencional. As variáveis fisiológicas não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos (P>0,0001), porém apresentaram diferença entre os horários de coleta, sendo que as maiores temperaturas foram encontradas na coleta das 12 h. O consumo de água e ração no experimento não teve variação significativa (P>0.01). Nos dias de alta entalpia a ingestão de água variou somente para o período de 31 a 75 dias de idade dos animais. O desenvolvimento dos animais mostrou diferença quando foram submetidos ao programa de suplementação de luz. O GPMD e o PT dos animais foi maior (P0,05) do tratamento de luz, porém os períodos do dia dividido de seis em seis horas, influenciou a comportamento dos animais. As atividades de ócio e dormindo são as mais frequentes na criação de bezerros em aleitamento. O comportamento ingestivo é alterado pela presença de luz e pelo período do dia, sendo que os animais mostram maior consumo de água e ração quando não são submetidos a luz artificial. Os valores obtidos pelos dois métodos de colheita de dados foram correlacionados. Contudo, é possível relacionar fotos termográficas de bezerros em aleitamento com o método convencional de registro de temperaturas corporais. Para este trabalho, utilizou-se a temperatura auricular, na qual foi apresentada uma regressão para obter as demais temperaturas corporais do animal. This study aimed to evaluate a light supplementation program on the development, performance and behavior of suckling calves and the use of thermographic camera as an evaluation method of physiological variables by a non-invasive method. The experiment was conducted in Sao Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology - APTA, in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Were used 20 Jersey and crossbred calves, divided in two treatments, with and without artificial light supplementation. The light supplementation program consisted on 6 hours of artificial light (from 00:00 to 6:00 h), completing 18 hours of light per day. Were evaluated the physiological characteristics of the animals: respiratory frequency (RF), coat surface temperature (CST), ear temperature (ET), tail temperature (TT) e rectal temperature (RT). The ingestion of food and water was also considered. Was also evaluated the development of the animals through the daily average weight gain (BG), height, length and thoracic girth (TG). It was also evaluated the social and ingestive behavior of the animals. The experiment consisted of collecting data on five days of high enthalpy, where the data were recorded at four times (18, 00, 06 and 12 hours). It recorded the following physiological variables: coat surface temperature (CST) and flow temperature (FT) with infrared thermometer, ear temperature (ET) with digital ear thermometer, and rectal temperature (RT) with digital thermometer (conventional method). The thermography images were recorded with a thermography camera, on the same days and hours of record of physiological variables by the conventional method. Physiological variables showed no signicant difference between treatments (P>0,0001), but differ between the collection times, and the highest temperatures were found in the collection of 12 h. The water and food intake in the experimente did not change significantly (P>0.01). In the days of high water intake varied only for the period from 31 to 75 days old animals. The development of the animals showed a difference when they were submitted to the program of supplemental ligth. The ABW and TG of the animals was higher (P0,05) of the light treatment but the periods of the divided every six hours, influenced the behavior of animals. The leisure and sleeping activities are the most frequente in the creation of suckling calves. Feeding behavior is altered by the presence of light and time of day, and the animals show higher consumption of water and food when they are not subjected to artificial light. The values obtained by two methods of data collection were correlated. It is possible to relate thermography pictures of suckling calves on the conventional method if recording body temperatures. For this work we use the ear temperature, which was presented in a regression to obtain the rest of the animal body temperatures.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:23:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000332324000017.pdf: 923617 bytes, checksum: eed2dd5aa03f0c820f24736dd64da227 (MD5) Here we present, for the first time, a glossary of biometeorological terms. The glossary aims to address the need for a reliable source of biometeorological definitions, thereby facilitating communication and mutual understanding in this rapidly expanding field. A total of 171 terms are defined, with reference to 234 citations. It is anticipated that the glossary will be revisited in coming years, updating terms and adding new terms, as appropriate. The glossary is intended to provide a useful resource to the biometeorology community, and to this end, readers are encouraged to contact the lead author to suggest additional terms for inclusion in later versions of the glossary as a result of new and emerging developments in the field. Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Starkville, MS USA Univ Bremen, Dept Social Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth & Nursing Res, D-28359 Bremen, Germany Charite, Berlin Sch Publ Hlth, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Univ Loughborough, Sch Civil & Bldg Engn, Loughborough, Leics, England Univ Loughborough, Loughborough Design Sch, Loughborough, Leics, England Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA Arizona State Univ, Sch Publ Affairs, Ctr Policy Informat, Phoenix, AZ USA Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA Univ Estadual Maringa UEM, Dept Anim Sci, Maringa, Parana, Brazil Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Florence, Interdept Ctr Bioclimatol, Florence, Italy Univ Florence, Dept Agrifood Prod & Environm Sci, Florence, Italy Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA Univ Munich, Munich, Germany Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da hierarquia de bovinos de corte terminados em confinamento sobre o temperamento, o nível de estresse e o desempenho. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia da FZEA/USP, campus Fernando Costa, em Pirassununga. Foram utilizados 128 bovinos machos não castrados produtos de cruzamento entre touros da raça Angus e vacas da raça Nelore, com peso vivo inicial médio de 331,1 kg (±3,15), e idade média de 16,9 (±0,83) meses. Os animais foram alojados em oito currais de confinamento coletivo, durante 130 dias, onde se registrou o comportamento social dos mesmos, visando definir o estabelecimento de hierarquia. Foram realizados manejos a cada 28 dias para a pesagem, colheita de sangue para análise de cortisol e avaliação do temperamento, utilizando os métodos de Teste de Reatividade (ER), Velocidade de Fuga (FS) e Avaliação Qualitativa do Comportamento (QBA - Qualitative Behavior Assessment). Os bovinos foram abatidos em frigorífico comercial, com peso vivo entre 530 e 557 kg, ou 17,7 a 18,6 @. Além da avaliação das carcaças, foram retiradas amostras de carne (Longissimus dorsi) para avaliação da qualidade pelas medidas de coloração, pH em 24 horas, perda de água por cocção e maciez. Os dados foram analisados por meio de um modelo ajustado, a partir da teoria de modelos lineares generalizados do GENMOD (SAS 2017), considerando os efeitos de tratamento (classes hierárquicas), de animais como medida repetida e os efeitos de tempo dentro dos tratamentos como lineares. O teste de reatividade e a velocidade de fuga não foram influenciados pela ordem hierárquica. Os níveis de cortisol sérico mensurados no início, meio e final do confinamento não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Porém, a ordem hierárquica causou efeito nos níveis de cortisol sérico, indicando maior estresse nos bovinos classificados como dominantes e intermediários em relação aos submissos. Em relação ao comportamento, no parâmetro calmo, os animais dominantes e intermediários possuíram maior média em relação aos submissos. Animais dominantes apresentam comportamento pós manejo mais relaxado e calmo em relação aos submissos. O ganho diário médio de peso apresentou tendência para maiores valores nos animais dominantes, seguidos dos intermediários e dos submissos, com valores médios de importância econômica (1,92, 1,84 e 1,76 kg.animal.dia-1, respectivamente). O peso vivo final foi maior nos bovinos dominantes, seguidos dos intermediários e dos submissos (552,93, 542,54 e 537,17Kg, respectivamente). A hierarquia não exerceu efeito significativo sobre o peso e rendimento de carcaça, área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea. A perda de água por cocção, a maciez e o pH das amostras da carne não apresentaram efeitos significativos da hierarquia. Apenas a intensidade de coloração vermelha foi inferior nas amostras de carne dos animais dominantes e intermediários e superior naquelas dos submissos. É possível concluir que a hierarquia não influenciou a expressão do temperamento, possivelmente em decorrência das condições superiores de conforto físico no confinamento, como área de circulação, de cocho e de sombreamento, e pelo manejo gentil dos animais. A hierarquia influenciou o nível de estresse dos bovinos, com maior nível nos dominantes e intermediários. Houve influência da hierarquia sobre o ganho de peso, maior nos animais de posição superior, e não foram encontrados efeitos significativos da hierarquia sobre as características de carcaça e de qualidade da carne, com exceção da intensidade da cor vermelha. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the beef cattle hierarchy finished in feedlot on temperament, stress level and performance. The experiment was carried out at the Biometeorology and Ethology Laboratory of FZEA / USP, Campus Fernando Costa, in Pirassununga. One hundred and twenty-eight non-castrated male bovine crossbreeding products between Angus bulls and Nellore cows were used, with an average initial live weight of 331.1 kg (± 3.15), and an average age of 16.9 (± 0.83) months. The animals were housed in eight collective confinement pens for 130 days, where their social behavior was recorded, in order to define the establishment of a hierarchy. Handling procedures were performed every 28 days for weighing, blood collection for cortisol analysis and temperament evaluation, using the Reactivity Test (ER), Flight Speed (FS) and Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA - Qualitative Behavior) methods Assessment) The cattle were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse, with live weight between 530 and 557 kg, or 17.7 to 18.6 @. In addition to the evaluation of the carcasses, samples of meat (Longissimus dorsi) were taken for quality evaluation by measures of color, pH in 24 hours, water loss by cooking and tenderness. The data were analyzed using an adjusted model, based on the generalized linear model theory of GENMOD (SAS 2017), considering the effects of treatment (hierarchical classes), animals as a repeated measure and the effects of time within treatments as linear. It was observed that the reactivity score and the flight speed were not influenced by the hierarchical order. The serum cortisol levels measured at the beginning, middle and end of the confinement did not show significant differences. However, the hierarchical order caused a significant effect on serum cortisol levels, indicating greater stress in cattle classified as dominant and intermediate in relation to subordinate. Regarding behavior, in the calm parameter, the dominant and intermediate animals had a higher average in relation to the submissive ones. Dominant animals show more relaxed and calm post-management behavior compared to submissive animals. The average daily weight gain showed a tendency for higher values in dominant animals, followed by intermediaries and submissive animals, with average values of economic importance (1.92, 1.84 and 1.76 kg.animal.dia-1, respectively). The final live weight was higher in dominant cattle, followed by intermediates and submissive (552.93, 542.54 and 537.17 kg). Carcass weight and yield, rib eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness did not show significant hierarchy effects. The loss of cooking water, the tenderness and the pH of the meat samples did not show significant effects of the hierarchy. Only the intensity of red color was lower in the meat samples of the dominant animals, and intermediate, and higher in those submissive animals. It is possible to conclude that the hierarchy did not influence the expression of temperament, possibly due to the superior conditions of physical comfort in the feedlot, such as circulation area, trough and shading, and the gentle handling of animals. The hierarchy influenced the stress level of cattle, with a higher level in dominant and intermediate. There was an influence of the hierarchy on weight gain, greater in animals of higher position, and no significant effects of the hierarchy were found on carcass and meat quality characteristics, except for the intensity of the red color.

Chlorantraniliprole is the main compound of a new insecticide and its aerial spraying near mulberry plantations has been caused several damages to the silkworm (Bombyx mori) producers. In this work, the effects of chlorantraniliprole insecticide were analyzed in different instars of B. mori larvae. Different doses of the insecticide were administrated by immersion of the mulberry leaves and then offered to the larvae. Were observed that, in high concentration of chlorantraniliprole (0,2 ppm and 0,1 ppm), the mortality rate of larvae were 100%. Besides, symptoms such as feeding cessation, regurgitation, late development and incomplete ecdysis were frequent. Other common symptoms in sub-lethal concentrations (0,025, 0,0125, 6,25 x 10-3, 3,13 x 10-3 e 1,57 x 10-3 ppm) were rosary-shaped excrements and production of thin-shelled cocoons. The histological analysis revealed that chlorantraniliprole cause serious morphological changes in the internal midgut, both to the epithelial coating and its associate muscles, modifying its physiological functions and the insect survival. The results obtained in immunodetection, using the antibody against kin17 protein in larval tissue of B. mori, showed that there was no expression of this protein, both in larval tissue of the control group and the larvae intoxicated with 0,025 ppm of the insecticide, this results suggests that, in B. mori, kin17 protein is not associated with process of cellular stress by intoxication using this class of insecticide tested. Thus, we can conclude that chlorantraniliprole, in high concentrations, caused significant mortality rates, affect the larvae development in B. mori and in the sub-letal concentrations, the amount of regular cocoons were reduced. A pulverização aérea de um novo inseticida, cujo princípio ativo é o chlorantraniliprole, em plantações próximas a áreas de amoreiral, tem causado danos aos produtores de bicho-da-seda, Bombyx mori. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito do inseticida chlorantraniliprole em lagartas de diferentes idades de B. mori. Diferentes doses do inseticida foram aplicadas por imersão em folhas de amoreira e, em seguida, disponibilizadas para a nutrição das lagartas. Foi observado 100% de mortalidade das lagartas em concentrações elevadas de 0,2 e 0,1 ppm de chlorantraniliprole. Além disso, foram frequentes sintomas como a parada de alimentação, vômitos, desenvolvimento irregular e ecdise irregular. Outros sintomas comuns em concentrações subletais (0,025, 0,0125, 6,25 x 10-3, 3,13 x 10-3 e 1,57 x 10-3 ppm) foram a presença de fezes em rosário e a produção de casulos de casca fina. A análise histológica revelou que o chlorantraniliprole provoca profundas alterações morfológicas na parede intestinal, tanto no epitélio de revestimento, como na musculatura associada, afetando a função fisiológica do órgão e a sobrevivência do inseto. Os resultados obtidos na imunodetecção com anticorpo contra a proteína kin17 em tecidos larvais de B. mori demonstraram que não houve expressão desta proteína, tanto em tecidos provenientes de lagartas controle como de lagartas intoxicadas a 0,025 ppm do inseticida. Isso sugere que, em B. mori, a kin17 não deve estar envolvida com processos de estresse celular por intoxicação dessa classe química do inseticida testado. Podemos concluir que elevadas concentrações do inseticida chlorantraniliprole causam significativas taxas de mortalidade, afetando o desenvolvimento das lagartas de B. mori, e nas concentrações subletais, reduzem a quantidade de casulos normais. ix, 52 f